人治の危うさ
現代の世界は、人治と法治で対立していると見る事は出来ないだろうか？ロシアやトルコ、ベラルーシの様に、選挙を実施していても事実上の独裁になっている国は、人治であると見なして良いだろう。中国は、法の上に共産党が君臨しているので、間違いなく人治である。
独裁と人治が重なると、必ずと言って良いほど政権のトップは、猜疑心を持つようになる。これは、人の性格によるものではなく、独裁という立場がそのように作用するのであろう。猜疑心を持つと、どうなるか。周りをイエスマンで固める、予防的に粛清する、ガードマンを多く配置する等、組織の活性を奪う方向へと向かうだろう。こうした事例は、歴史に無数にある。敢えて例を挙げれば、スターリン、毛沢東、ロベスピエール．．．
人治は法治に比べて、意志決定が速く出来る、情況に応じて柔軟に対処出来る等の利点はあるが、多くの短所がある。
（１）組織腐敗が起き易い
（２）政治の質が人の質に大きく影響を受ける
（３）一般的に政権交代の時に紛争が起きる
（４）元首が政策判断を間違うと国民が大きな災難となる
（５）政策判断を柔軟に出来る反面、一貫性に欠ける事になる
人のレベルが充分向上するまで、法治が人治より優れていると言えるだろう。
Danger of human rule
Is it not possible to consider the modern world as a conflict between the rule of human and the rule of law? Countries such as Russia, Turkey, and Belarus, which are de facto dictatorships even though they hold elections, can be considered human rule. In China, the Communist Party reigns above the law, so there is no doubt that human rule.
When dictatorship and human rule overlap, the top of the regime almost always becomes suspicious. This is not due to the character of the person, but the position of dictatorship works that way. What happens when you are skeptical? They will probably go in the direction of deactivating the organization, such as enforcing the surroundings with yes-men, preemptively purging, and deploying many guards. Such cases are numerous in history. To give an example, Stalin, Mao Zedong, Robespierre. . .
Compared to the rule of law, the rule of human has advantages such as faster decision making and the ability to respond flexibly according to the situation, but it has many drawbacks.
(1) Organizational corruption is likely to occur
(2) The quality of politics is greatly influenced by the quality of people
(3) Conflicts generally occur when there is a change of government
(4) If the head of state makes a mistake in policy judgment, the people will suffer a big disaster.
(5) Policy decisions can be made flexibly, but they lack consistency
It can be said that the rule of law is superior to the rule of people until the human level is sufficiently improved.
