Methodology and conditions of the experiment

In the DPXB series (B/C/H Model) from ZY Automation thermoforming packaging machine (Fig. 1) are possible to be distinguished the following sub-systems (units) constituting integral machine [5]: unit to unwind and transport the bottom web, unit to thermoforming of the bottom web, unit to evacuation of pressure, sealing of the package, and cutting and labeling of the package. From sequence of packaging operations point of view, the first from the sub-assemblies is feeding unit of the bottom web, consisting of roller-type film feeder and chains which convey the film.
The next sub-assembly is thermoforming unit of the bottom web. Forming of the bottom web under effect of temperature occurs in forming chamber. Heating-up the bottom web is another operation within thermoforming process. Heating up and forming of film occurs at precisely determined value of forming temperature. Required temperature of the forming is controlled from control console of the thermoforming machine. Forming of the bottom web can be run as [4]:
·negative type forming (used in case of forming of so called flexible films),
·positive type forming (used exclusively to forming of so called semi-rigid films).
·Negative forming is accomplished in two steps (Fig. 2). First, due to evacuation of pressure from the forming chamber, the bottom web undergoes stretching, and next heating up. Under effect of pressure growth in the forming chamber, triggered off by aeration, the bottom web undergoes forming and reaches form of drawpiece, which shape depends on shape of negative mould.
·Sub-assembly of pressure evacuation and sealing of the bottom web with the top web is the next unit of the thermoformer. Vacuum pump, accomplishing process of pressure evacuation from inside of package is the main component of this unit. This process enables reduction of pressure value from ambient pressure (about 1013 hPa) to a value corresponding to final vacuum (about 10 hPa).

Benefits of LED Lighting

LED light bulbs can save you money not only because they are roughly 80% more energy efficient than other bulbs, they also produce far less heat than metal halides, CFLs, and incandescent light bulbs. Upgrading to LED lighting means you won’t spend your summer months cooling down rooms that your light bulbs are busy heating up. While originally a cooler blue tone than incandescent bulbs, LEDs now come in daylight and warm white color temperatures so you can more easily replace your existing bulbs without altering the color of your room. Wall light also offers a superior color rendering index (CRI), so you can see the colors of your artwork or makeup more accurately.
LED replacement bulbs are durable and ecologically friendly. Did you know you can recycle LED bulbs and reduce your carbon footprint up to one third? LEDs outlast the competition, staying bright for up to 11 years of continuous operation. This means less time climbing ladders trying to replace those hard to reach bulbs in vaulted ceilings.
LEDs are one of today’s most promising technologies.
•No mercury, making them a cleaner alternative to fluorescent and CFL lamps.
•The lowest energy consumption of any lighting product to date.
•Light quality equal or superior to traditional lighting products.
•Life that is 20 times than some traditional lighting products.

Gujarat becomes first state to distribute E40 LED bulbs

Gujarat has become the first state to distribute 2 crore LED bulbs under the Centre’s Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for all (UJALA) scheme.
“Under the Government of India’s Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for all scheme, Gujarat has become the first state to distribute E40 LED bulb,” the Power Ministry said in a release.
According to the statement, Gujarat has reached this milestone in just 96 days and over 42 lakh households have already benefited from the scheme.
State-run Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), under the administration of the Power Ministry, is distributing about 2 lakh bulbs daily in Gujarat, a record in itself.
In his speech in Jamnagar today, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “There is competition between states to outdo each other in terms of LED distribution. Gujarat, in less than 100 days (of joining), is now leading in terms of LED distribution across the nation.”
The distribution of 2 crore LED bulbs has led to an annual energy savings of 259 crore kwh, which is equivalent to lighting up 5 lakh Indian homes for an entire year.
Alongside the savings, the state has also gained from daily CO2 emission reduction of 5,000 tonnes. The programme has helped the state avoid 520 mw of peak demand.
In Gujarat, 9w LED bulbs are being distributed under the UJALA scheme. These energy-efficient bulbs come with a free 3 year replacement warranty for any technical defect.
To get such bulbs, consumers have an option of paying upfront Rs 70 per each unit or they can choose an EMI option.
Consumers choosing the EMI mode will have to pay Rs 75 in total where an amount of nearly Rs 20 led lights will be added to their bi-monthly electricity bill for four billing cycles.
Consumers stand to save nearly Rs 336 per LED bulb on their electricity bills every year, effectively making them free in just 3 months.
The state government aims to distribute 12 crore LED bulbs across the state. This would lead to energy savings of nearly 650 crore kwh (units) and cost savings of about Rs 2,500 crore.
Under UJALA, over 15 crore LED bulbs have already been distributed across India. This is leading to annual energy savings of 1948 crore kwh and has led to avoidance of 3,900 mw of peak demand. Through the programme, the estimated cumulative cost reduction in bills of consumers annually is Rs 7,990 crore.

Why Use Aquarium Filter Media for Planted Tanks?

The clarity of water is one of the most striking aspects of Aquascapes. It's also one of the most challenging. Filter Media plays the most important role in keeping your water filtered and clean.Now Let's talk about some of the best options to do that.

Besides filter and substrate selection, your filter media will probably be one of the most important choices you make for your aquascape. Media plays such a big role in your tanks health that it's worth spending a bit of time doing the research to be sure you have the correct filter media for your tank's circumstances.

What type of media do I need? It was one of my hardest decisions to make. Which type of aquarium filter media acts much better? Should I be using bio balls for my quascape? Or maybe even some sorts of higher grade ceramic tube media? There were so many questions that I didn't know how to start.

Why Use aquarium filter media?

Aquarium filter media is vital for the health of your planted tanks. If you don't choose wisely, your fish and plants will suffer, and you won't get that photo-quality aquascape you're looking for.

Water Clarity

That’s what separates the professionals from the amateurs: it's pretty challenging to get water so clear that you can't see it in a photo. (it can be 'faked' in Photoshop, but you can't photoshop real life!) Using the proper filter media can polish your water to the point that you get that crystal-clear look.

Aquascape Health

Your overall aquascape will benefit greatly from the correct filter media. With good mechanical, biological, and chemical filtration, your water will come out looking crystal-clear and ready for photos.

Choosing Your Media

So you know by now that aquarium filter media is a pretty big decision for your Aquascape. But the question still remains: which type of media should you choose? what's the best filter media for planted tanks and aquascapes?

Our Picks:

LT10001 Ceramic Filter Media-Biological Filter Media

LT10004 Ceramic Filter Media-Aquarium Filter Media

LT10005 Ceramic Filter Media-Filter Media

LT30003 Bio Granules-Aquatic Plant Soil-Aquatic Accessories

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