墨子の慧眼
墨子は孔子に学んだ後、別れを告げた。孔子が主張する家族愛では戦乱は収まらず、誰でも分け隔てなく人を愛する兼愛でなければならないと彼は説いた。儒墨という言葉があるように、中国戦国時代には、儒教集団と思想界を二分する大勢力だったとの事である。
しかしながら、中国戦国時代の思想的決着は韓非子の法家の勝利となった。韓非子は性悪説を元に政治論を展開し、秦帝国の統治に採用されたが、秦帝国以降も採用され続け現在に至っている。統治方法の基本は法家思想でありながら、組織への忠誠を美徳とする儒教の教えも捨てがたく、陽儒陰法という言葉があるように、儒教を前面に出しながら基本は法家で厳しく統治する流れが定着した。
老子と墨子が忘れられてしまったのは、歴史的な損失だったかも知れない。
墨家は中国戦国時代が秦帝国の成立と共に消滅し、以後、歴史の舞台から遠ざかる事になった。戦国時代には、どの諸侯も戦争反対を唱える墨子の思想は受け入れ難かったであろう。戦乱の世に戦争を否定しても、巻き込まれる状況にあったからである。
この流れから兼愛という無差別の愛（博愛)まで否定する事は行き過ぎであるが、実際には、この兼愛が最も重要であるように思われる。
歴代の王や君主は、東洋も西洋においても、同様に国家への忠誠を美徳としてきたが、平和や国際協力の重要性を考慮すると、兼愛の方がより重要であろう。
これに対して、儒教はひたすら組織を守る事を中心に考えているようで、君主や王侯には都合が良かったのかも知れない。しかしながら、現代は地球規模で考え、国同士が協力し合わないと、温暖化問題は解決できないので、墨子の思想は再評価されるべきではないかと思う。
Mozi's keen insight
After learning from Confucius, Mozi said goodbye. He argued that family love that Confucius insists on can't stop wars, it must be a love that loves people without discrimination. As there are words Confucianism and Mohism, it is said that during the Warring States period in China, it was a large force that divided the world of thought.
However, the ideological settlement of the Warring States period in China was the triumph of Han Fei's law school. Han Fei developed a political theory based on the theory of sexuality and was adopted into the rule of the Qin Empire and continues to this day. Although the basis of the governing method is legalist thought, it is difficult to abandon the teachings of Confucianism, which regards loyalty to the organization as a virtue. And as the word 'yang Confucian yin law' suggests, the flow of ruling strictly by the juristic family was established while putting Confucianism at the forefront.
It may have been a historical loss that Laozi and Mozi were forgotten.
The Mohism disappeared during the Warring States period in China with the establishment of the Qin Empire, and since then it has moved away from the stage of history. During the Warring States period, it would have been difficult for any feudal lord to accept Mozi's ideas against war. This is because even if you deny war in a world of turmoil, you will still be caught up in it.
It would be an exaggeration to deny the indiscriminate love (philanthropy) of kenai, but in fact, this kanai seems to be the most important.
Successive kings and monarchs, both in the East and in the West, have alike regarded loyalty to their nation as a virtue, but considering the importance of peace and international cooperation, kenai are more important.
On the other hand, Confucianism seems to focus on protecting the organization, which may have been convenient for monarchs and kings. However, I think that Mozi's thought should be re-evaluated because the global warming problem cannot be solved unless countries think on a global scale and cooperate with each other.
