HRW世界人権年鑑2025バングラデシュ：人権侵害を止めるには持続的な改革が必要

世界人権年鑑2025バングラデシュ：人権侵害を止めるには持続的な改革が必要

暫定政権は説明責任を果たすことと信頼に足る選挙を約束

(Bangkok, January 16, 2025) – Bangladesh’s interim government, led by Nobel Prize laureate Mohammed Yunus, has set up a commission to investigate enforced disappearances and pledged reforms and accountability for rights abuses under former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s authoritarian rule, Human Rights Watch said today in its World Report 2025. During the crackdowns on student-led protests over three weeks in July and August, over 1,000 people were killed and many thousands injured due to excessive and indiscriminate use of ammunition by security forces.

（バンコク、2025年1月16日）　ノーベル賞受賞者ムハマド・ユヌス率いるバングラデシュ暫定政権は、改革とシェイク・ハシナ前首相の独裁統治下で行われた人権侵害に対する説明責任を果たすことを約束した、とヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ（以下HRW）は世界人権年鑑2025内で本日述べた。7月～8月の3週間、学生が主導した抗議運動への弾圧の際に、治安部隊による過度で無差別な弾薬行使が原因で、1,000人超が殺され、数千人が負傷した。

For the 546-page world report, in its 35th edition, Human Rights Watch reviewed human rights practices in more than 100 countries. In much of the world, Executive Director Tirana Hassan writes in her introductory essay, governments cracked down and wrongfully arrested and imprisoned political opponents, activists, and journalists. Armed groups and government forces unlawfully killed civilians, drove many from their homes, and blocked access to humanitarian aid. In many of the more than 70 national elections in 2024, authoritarian leaders gained ground with their discriminatory rhetoric and policies.

HRWは、35年目の刊行となる年次報告書「世界人権年鑑2025（全546ページ）」で、100ケ国超の人権状況を検証した。ティラナ・ハッサン代表は序文で次のように述べている。世界の多くの国々で、政府が政権批判者、活動家やジャーナリストに圧力をかけ、不当に逮捕・拘禁した。武装集団や政府軍は違法に民間人（文民）を殺害し、多くの人々を家から追い出し、人道支援へのアクセスを遮断した。2024年に世界で実施された70超の国政選挙の多くでは、権威主義的な指導者たちが差別的なレトリックと政策で地歩を固めた。

“Bangladesh’s interim government has taken significant strides toward a democratic and rights-respecting future, but its progress could evaporate without deep institutional reform and international support,” said Meenakshi Ganguly, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch. “The interim government needs to protect Rohingya refugees, support credible investigations and reparations for enforced disappearances, and provide for civilian oversight over security forces.”

「バングラデシュ暫定政権は民主的で人権を尊重する未来に向かって大きく前進しましたが、奥深い制度的改革と国際支援がなければ、その進展は露と消えてしまう可能性があります。暫定政権はロヒンギャ族を保護し、強制失踪への信頼に足る捜査と賠償を支援し、治安部隊に文民による監督を行うべきです。」、とHRWアジア局副局長ミーナクシ・ガングリーは語った。

Activists have raised concerns that security forces have continued to carry out abuses, including arbitrary arrests of opposition supporters and journalists and denying them due process and proper access to legal counsel.
治安部隊は、野党支持者とジャーナリストを恣意的に逮捕し、被逮捕者の適正手続きを受ける権利や弁護士に適切にアクセスする権利を否定するなど、人権侵害を行い続けた、と活動家は懸念を表明した。
While the interim government acceded to the United Nations Convention on Enforced Disappearances, security forces have failed to release those unlawfully detained or provide answers to their families about what happened to them.
暫定政権は国連強制失踪条約を受け入れたが、治安部隊は違法に拘禁した人々を解放せず、失踪者に何が起きたのかに関する家族の疑問にも答えを提供していない。
Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya who fled Myanmar and are living in refugee camps are at risk of violence at hands of armed groups and gangs. Unregistered refugees risk hunger and do not seek health care out of fear that they will be returned to Myanmar.
ミャンマーから逃げてきて難民キャンプで生活している数十万のロヒンギャ族は、武装組織と犯罪組織の手による暴力の危険に晒されている。未登録の難民は飢餓に陥る危険があり、ミャンマーに返還されるかもしれないという恐怖から医療を求めない。

The interim government should reform institutions in line with international human rights standards with the help of the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, disband the notorious Rapid Action Battalion, reform security forces to ensure independent oversight and accountability, and pursue justice for the victims of enforced disappearances and their families. It should also ensure unfettered access for human rights monitors to the Chittagong Hill Tracts and work with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees to register Rohingya refugees so that they can access protection, medical care, and food rations.

暫定政権は以下のこと行うべきだ。