Islamic Civilization 1 ( )

second exhibition room    Islamic civilization

  

1 The flow of Islamic civilization

 

 Mesopotamian civilization, Egyptian civilization, Hyksos, Hittites, Babylonia,　Assyria, The 4 kingdoms ages, Achaemenes Persia,  Hellenism dynasties, Parthia, Byzantine Empire and Sassanids Persia, Umayyad Caliphate, Abbaid Caliphate, Buyid dynasty , Seljuq dynasty, Fatimid Caliphate, Ayyubid Sultanate, Mamluk Sultanate  Ilkhanate, Timurid empire, Ottoman Empire, Safavid dynasty and Qajar dynasty

 

 There is an image that the flows of the big rivers are put together in Islamic civilization. Mesopotamian civilization and Egyptian civilization were before Islamic civilization, and these brought unification called Assyria, Achaemenes Persia, Parthia, and Sassanids Persia through some divisions. And the appearance of Islam came in the 7th century. Islam was the influence which surfaced in confrontation of Sassanids Persia and the Byzantine Empire.

 

The times when the sense of values was created are Hyksos, Hittites, The 4 kingdom ages, and Hellenism dynasties. Probably, Assyria, Achaemenes, and the Sassanids Persia were completed times. Civilization to which invited the appearance of Islamic civilization based on such times, and Islamic civilization was new value built on the Byzantine Empire and Sassanids Persia which got tired with long time. It was the 1st principle (principle of value)and based on the value , social structure power: -- the 3rd principle (principle of community development) was formed.

 

It seems that the essence of worth of Islamic civilization will be in brief and lucid monotheism. If existence of God is one, the faith will also be lucid, it will be clean like a desert , and money will not be spent on a religious rite. Moreover, the human being who serves does not have a difference to one God, either, and it is equal. Even if it is different ethnic groups, jizya (poll tax) is not imposed to a believer,

 

It was a view of Islam. Such jizuya was a necessary evil when forming a community, since Islam has begun from the religious group (umma) centering on Muhammad.

 

Although the structure did not change in the Umayyad Caliphate but the first principle of Arab was taken, in the Abbaid Caliphate, jizuya to a believer came to be denied also in races other than an Arab. And the people from Persia came to occupy the bureaucrat of the Abbaid Caliphate.

 

Although primal Islamic civilization was so simple, the form where it developed became more complicated than the India civilization and the China civilization. It is because Islamic civilization followed the development as cosmopolitan civilization to the civilization of India and China having been comparatively local civilization. Since the religious and hierarchical side is strong in the India civilization, that is, control by religion and class is strong, there are a tendency for history to be dragged by it, and a tendency which is not settled unlike the China civilization. China is not religious and hierarchical to it. There is also a tendency which may be settled rapidly and become excessive (an avant-garde empire like Qin or Sui was materialized).

 

It seems to it that the religious side of Islamic civilization would be strong, and the hierarchical side would be weak. Although the Islamic civilization area was divided and the settlement was not carried out after the Abbaid Caliphate , the time of expanding as a whole had come.

 

A world empire called the Abbaid Caliphate came to division soon, turned into Buyid dynasty, Seljuq dynast, Fatimid Caliphate, Ayyubid Sultanate, Mamluk Sultanate, Saman, Ghazni, Safavid dynasty, Delhi Salta nut, and the Mogul Empire, and expanded in the various directions. And social-structure power: Mamluk, a Turkish slave had surfaced as a bearer of the 3rd principle (principle of community development). moreover, Iqta system * which Buyid dynasty started -- largely -- social structure power [ of Islamic society ]: -- it became a model as the 3rd principle (principle of community development).

 

* Iqta system   the system of giving territory with the right of collecting tax  instead of a military burden , however  periodical and with moving from there.