幻聴で思った事その４
2022.12.13(Tue)
福岡大
英検１級論文
The Positive Side of Psychopaths.
Psychopaths--who are,incidentally,most often men--constitute roughly 1 percent of the population.
what sets psychopaths apart is their inability to empathize with the emotions of other people.
self-centered,superficially charming,and persuasive,they consider necessary.
moreover,they have little consideration for the social consequences if their actions.
taken at face value,these traits would appear to be highly dangerous and toxic,as reinforced by the popular Hollywood conception of the psychopathic killer.but the notion of the "successful psychopath" has existed for a long time.
in the 1940s,american psychologist hervey m.Cleckley articulated this apparent contradiction,postulating that many psychopaths are able to assume a veneer of normalcy which enables them to play a legitimate role within society.
in his 2012 book,the wisdom of psychopaths,psychologist kevin dutton expanded on cleckley's thesis.
dutton controversially asserted that in certain professions and high^pressure situations.the attributes of psychopaths not only help them function but also position them to excel.
emotional detachment and earn them distinction in military service.
dutton posits a spectrum of psychopathy,with violent criminals at one end and elite soldiers and CEOs at the other.
the crucial distinction,he says,is how psychopaths choose to channel their unique personality traits,none of which are "ubherently bad in themselves" but are detrimental "when they are deployed inflexibly."
in other words,if psychopaths apply their ruthlessness to strongly or inappropriately,it transforms into callousness.
are psychopaths able to modulate their own behavior?
dutton believes so:"the key is having the right combination of traits at the right levels and in the right context."
he believe the contributions of psychopaths tend to be short term rather than long term,but concludes that the small number of them occupying key positions represents a net gain for society overall.
psychologist Martha stout,author of the sociopath next door,is working to alert people to the dangers of psychopathy and disputes dutton's claim.
countering his idea that psychopathy is present in degrees,she points out that so-called moderate psychopaths would be more accurately characterized as narcissists -- people who are egotistical an lack empathy,but who "nonetheless,in their own way,can love.
"by definition,psychopaths are without a conscience,and are thus incapable of caring or exhibiting the "wisdom" dutton optimistically ascribes to them.
stout also holds that the grounds on which dutton bases his arguments are shaky.
"most of the science that he cites possesses a relationship to his thesis that is equivocal at best,and at worst downright misleading,"she writes.
evidence from recent studies supports stout's position.
researchers have found that,despite their charm,psychopaths in management positions often create counterproductive,chaotic work environments marred by bullting,conflict,and a lack of well-being among employees.
moreover,a study of hedge fund managers conducted by the university of Denver found that those with psychopathic tendencies produced lower returns over time.
they many be effective at gaining power,but when it comes to using that authority constructively,psychopaths seem to fall short.
2022.12.13(Tue)
福岡大
英検１級論文
The Positive Side of Psychopaths.
Psychopaths--who are,incidentally,most often men--constitute roughly 1 percent of the population.
what sets psychopaths apart is their inability to empathize with the emotions of other people.
self-centered,superficially charming,and persuasive,they consider necessary.
moreover,they have little consideration for the social consequences if their actions.
taken at face value,these traits would appear to be highly dangerous and toxic,as reinforced by the popular Hollywood conception of the psychopathic killer.but the notion of the "successful psychopath" has existed for a long time.
in the 1940s,american psychologist hervey m.Cleckley articulated this apparent contradiction,postulating that many psychopaths are able to assume a veneer of normalcy which enables them to play a legitimate role within society.
in his 2012 book,the wisdom of psychopaths,psychologist kevin dutton expanded on cleckley's thesis.
dutton controversially asserted that in certain professions and high^pressure situations.the attributes of psychopaths not only help them function but also position them to excel.
emotional detachment and earn them distinction in military service.
dutton posits a spectrum of psychopathy,with violent criminals at one end and elite soldiers and CEOs at the other.
the crucial distinction,he says,is how psychopaths choose to channel their unique personality traits,none of which are "ubherently bad in themselves" but are detrimental "when they are deployed inflexibly."
in other words,if psychopaths apply their ruthlessness to strongly or inappropriately,it transforms into callousness.
are psychopaths able to modulate their own behavior?
dutton believes so:"the key is having the right combination of traits at the right levels and in the right context."
he believe the contributions of psychopaths tend to be short term rather than long term,but concludes that the small number of them occupying key positions represents a net gain for society overall.
psychologist Martha stout,author of the sociopath next door,is working to alert people to the dangers of psychopathy and disputes dutton's claim.
countering his idea that psychopathy is present in degrees,she points out that so-called moderate psychopaths would be more accurately characterized as narcissists -- people who are egotistical an lack empathy,but who "nonetheless,in their own way,can love.
"by definition,psychopaths are without a conscience,and are thus incapable of caring or exhibiting the "wisdom" dutton optimistically ascribes to them.
stout also holds that the grounds on which dutton bases his arguments are shaky.
"most of the science that he cites possesses a relationship to his thesis that is equivocal at best,and at worst downright misleading,"she writes.
evidence from recent studies supports stout's position.
researchers have found that,despite their charm,psychopaths in management positions often create counterproductive,chaotic work environments marred by bullting,conflict,and a lack of well-being among employees.
moreover,a study of hedge fund managers conducted by the university of Denver found that those with psychopathic tendencies produced lower returns over time.
they many be effective at gaining power,but when it comes to using that authority constructively,psychopaths seem to fall short.
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