Islamic Civilization 4 ( Economic development of Islamic civilization)

It did not induce individual rise conversely and a state did not determine the indicator of faith about the contents of faith, but the specialist decided the indicator. In spite of having accumulated information and knowledge from the geographical position and having seen the bud of scientific development, possibly it became an obstacle in order to absorb the Occidental which developed civilization after that. Speaking of the contents of civilization, compared with the time of Hundred Schools of thought in China civilization , the frame of the dispute was very mental, and, probably, it should be said that the width is wider compared with the India civilization. In the background of "rise of commerce or Mumluk", Sufi has appeared against stiffness of the fine religious custom by Sunni Muslims.

 

It turns out that religious development and the direction of influence surpassed more than politics also in Islamic civilization (economy was the same as that of development). It seems that it was pursuit of a certain meaning and the "freedom" of the Islamic civilization style.

 

the commercial bases moving to Egypt which was a southern part and was also a Byzantine base, and an eastern part (Samanid Empire), it entered the mitotic period, and in the time of the Seljug dynasty, Mesopotamia returned to the center again and bloomed. However, the generalization by Hinduism like the Gupta era of India did not arise in the Islamic civilization area, and was not used for government. As for one mystery of Islamic civilization, although the cosmopolitan that commercial empire was built in the Abbaid Caliphate age, probably, the civilization has declined externally comparatively early. Although the peak was invited to Harun al Rashid era and it declined after that, the rich family whom three generation of Islamic civilization follows  did not accept as a cause, but often confiscated property. It is not considered by the not much satisfactory reason although having changed from " Khurasan army which was the center of early military " to " Mumluk army constituted by the slave" was raised.

 

The rich family escaped and the army disunited the Saracen Empire. When this phenomenon was seen in the form which was different for a while, this is one hypothesis, but didn't the large merchant who was not permitted continuation of property distribute caliph's power and the power of the army as a result?

 

By the Atta system, the head of the army corps was given the salary with money, and had left the influence for expansion of an army corps in the first half of the Abbaid Caliphate. The Islamic economic bloc spread as a result. And the tax system of the Saracen Empire consisted  given of poll tax and land tax, and it was seldom imposed on commerce at the beginning. It changed to Iqta system which grants the power of collecting a tax from the payroll system by the weakened Abbaid Caliphte. It seems Social-structure power of Iqta system: That the influence of the 3rd principle (principle of community development) changed with places. The successful place, the place which went wrong.

 

Even if tax could not be collected to center and it could not give a salary, property and its price existed for every area. It had a feeling that all were not in such a situation even if Iqta system reduced the agricultural product by simplistic exploitation . Otherwise, Iqta system would not be performed widely so long.

 

Ruin (803 years) of Barmaki family * in the Abbaid Caliphate and rise of Mamluk following it have a point similar to the French Louis XIV era. In the Abbaid Caliphate, golden days were Harun al Rashid era, and Harun al Rashid died in several years after Barmaki family ruin (809 years). Huguenot who was economically strong was made to transfer to Britain or the Netherlands by Louis XIV's direct Imperial government, and there were some similar points -- having brought about development of those places and a repeated war ruined national finance and made the lower class gain power.

 

In the Abbid empire, unlike France, preservation of a large merchant's property would be achieved in the network in an empire, property was moved to Iran, Central Asia, or Egypt, and probably it would became Samanid Empire, and  became  Fatimid Caliphate. The slave was offered by Samanid Empire to the Abbaid Caliphate and Buyid dynasty, and the center of the Mesopotamia got confused. The power of the caliph who had power in the empire was stripped, and the political power of Abbaid Caliphate  which a military man apeared so much also declined. It is a point which is interested in how people who were in the surroundings of the Barmaki family which went to ruin, and large merchants acted.

 

 * Yahya ibn Khalid of Barmaki family was an Iranian, and was a native of Balkh.

Although the sons became the prime minister etc. and being reached to an extreme of power, it was oppressed by Harun al Rashid in 803.

 

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