Control environmental pollution in China

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文 -- Control environmental pollution in China，文章讲述根据ISO的定义，空气污染是指由于人类活动和自然过程而导致某些物质进入空气中的现象。当这些物质具有足够的集中度和时间时，就会损害环境以及人类的健康和舒适感（1996年）。 2013年，中国遭遇了有史以来最严重的朦胧天气，影响了25个省和上百个大中型城市。其朦胧天气的平均天数已达29.9天，是52年中最多的。白天的能见度在几十米以内，高速公路和机场都关闭了。近年来，中国的空气污染日益严重，采取措施解决和控制空气问题非常有必要。特别是中国的城市化发展迅速，必然带来许多空气问题，因此，空气污染应引起更多关注。

 

1. Introduction

According to definition of ISO, Air pollution refers to a phenomenon that because of human activities and natural process, some matters go into the air. When the matters have enough concentrations and time, they will harm environment and human’s health and comfort (1996). In 2013 China encountered the most serious hazy weather in its history, which affected twenty- five provinces and over one hundred large and medium size cities. Its average days of hazy weather had reached to 29.9 days, the most in 52 years. The visibility of daytime was within dozens of meters, and expressway and airport were closed. Recently air pollution is getting worse in china, it is quite necessary to take measures to solve and control air problems. Especially the urbanization of China develops rapidly, and it must bring about many air problems, thus the air pollution should be paid more attention.

2. Deficiencies in Chinese air pollution control

Air pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems of China. The impending tasks of Chinese government is to look for effective way to handle air pollution. However, in China there exist many deficiencies in the process of controlling air pollution. Its air pollution management is relatively backward, and the legislation is quiet incomplete, which has poor operability and lacks strong law enforcement. Chinese policies of emission reduction ignore the management of air mass, overly concentrating on the controlling emission reduction of primary pollutions. Meanwhile, it is necessary to develop the techniques of air quality monitoring and enhance the information disclosure of air situation. Meanwhile, its emission evaluation system badly needs to be improved. Some measures even go against the efficiency of air pollution control (2007). Since there are many deficiencies in its controlling process, what should Chinese government and enterprises do to control and solve air pollution problem?

3. Proposals on Chinese air pollution control

The following proposals on Chinese air pollution control consist of macro and specific policies, according to its deficiencies.

3.1 Complete environmental protection act and reinforce environmental legislation

Pollution is regarded as an external factor in economics, which means a company will not pay the price of air pollution, thus it has no reason to help reduce pollution. Free market cannot solve pollution problems, only strict system do reduce pollution. It is needed to let governmental policies norm and restrict enterprise behavior. There must be laws to go by, and the laws must be observed and strictly enforced, and lawbreakers must be prosecuted. Only under such strict management the air pollution can be reduced. Therefore, Chinese government should improve environmental protection act and reinforce environmental legislation, speed up the process of enacting matched environment legislation, and increase the penalties of the environmental illegal activities. Meanwhile, government should implement the administrative law enforcement accountability system to strengthen and improve administrative law enforcement, solving the problem of regional protectionism intervene law enforcement.

3.2 Heighten environmental consciousness of whole society and enhance education of environmental protection laws.

Firstly, strengthen legal publicity and education to the administrators of enterprises, making their operation follow close to the line of environmental protection laws and foster awareness of environmental protection to prevent and reduce illegal behavior against environment.

Secondly, strengthen legal publicity and education to administrative law enforcement officials and enhance their consciousness and ability of acting by law, building good legal environment for public health.

Thirdly, combine the education of environmental protection laws with scientific development concept, insisting on people oriented. Chinese government should urge leading cadres to administer by law and start everything from the point of the people's needs.

3.3 Invest heavily in air pollution control

Solving air problems needs huge investment. For example, the cost of power station free of pollution is much higher than that with pollution. Therefore, Chinese government should invest huge capital into clean energy developing to reduce dependence on traditional energy. Meanwhile, government should urge economic development model to turn into knowledge-type and innovation-type. In addition, government should strive to develop public transport and encourage public to attend environmental protection activities.

3.4 Specific way of air pollution abatement

Firstly, comprehensive planning and rationally distributing. Planning of region air pollution control is an important part of overall planning of regions, which starts from coordinating with development of economy and the protection of the environment, and proposes an optimization plan aiming at improving and controlling the existed air pollution problems. It is very important to complete the planning of region air pollution control and adopt regional comprehensive preventive health measures to control air pollution. For example, the distribution of factories should not be overly concentrated to drive down pollutant emissions of one region. Meanwhile, factories which share material supply chain should set up together, thus they can reduce tailpipe emission through comprehensive utilization of exhaust gas.

Secondly, central heating. The main source of soot in the atmosphere is from stoves and chimneys which distribute among thousands of households, especially in the north of China, where coal consumption is quite large in winter. Government can set up central thermal power plant and heating plant replacing dispersive boilers in suborn, which can effectively reduce soot emissions. Furthermore, improve boiler’s efficiency to decrease fuel costs and make good use of waste heat to increase energy efficiency. Meanwhile, alter the composition of fuel and realize fuel gasification step by step. In addition, strengthen the development and utilization of new energy.

Thirdly, reduce traffic air pollution. The key lies in the improvement of engine’s combustion designing and combustion quality of gasoline, which can help fuel combust more sufficiently in the engine, thus reduce harmful waste gas. Meanwhile, government should make public transport a central pillar of development and control the development of private cars.

Fourthly, strengthen afforestation. Thick forest can reduce wind speed, making dust carried in wind fall down. The surface of leaves is rough, some are villous, and some secrete mucus, which can adsorb a large number of floating dust and purify air. Therefore, afforestation can conserve water and soil, prevent wind and regularize sand, and beautify environment. Furthermore, it can also adjust temperature, humidity.

Fifthly, Air pollution control technique. The basic solution of controlling air pollution is to reform production process, with a preference to non-pollution or less pollution technology. Enterprises should choose suitable raw materials and make sure the process conditions are controlled strictly. Meanwhile, enterprises should install decontamination plant and control pollution sources.

Air pollution problem not only dues to fuel composition, but also due to the results of high concentration of population, transport, manufacture and construction industry. Faced with such comprehensive problems, government, enterprises and public must get together, completely considering all natural and social factors such as energy structure, industry structure and distribution, transport management, afforestation and so on. During the process of economic developing, Chinese government and enterprises should learn from the successful experience of developed countries and find a balance between economic development and environmental protection.

 

 

 

 

 

Works cited

[1] Boyle, Alan E., and Michael R. Anderson. Human rights approaches to environmental protection. Clarendon Press, 1996.

[2] Zhang, Junfeng Jim, and Kirk R. Smith. “Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in China: measurements, health impacts, and interventions.” Environmental Health Perspectives 115.6 (2007): 848

 

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