Essay写作如何简洁

对于Essay写作，很多留学生认为应该多使用那些复杂精美的句子去升华论文，这样才是体现自己写作水平的做法。其实这种想法非常片面，因为在老师眼中，你的那些复杂的句子很多都有问题。而简洁就可以很好地解决这个问题，下面就给大家详细讲解一下。

一、从简：复合句从句简化

从简是指复合句从句简化(clause reduction)。复合句其间有一些重复、空洞的元素。剔除他们，节省空间，精简句子就是复合句从句简化。我知道说起语法很无趣，但是，这种语法现象在地道的英文写作中频率颇高。我认为熟练运用这个工具是英文写作登堂入室的标志之一。以下是《时代周刊》一篇封面文章的节选。作者Michael Schuman是一名“老笔杆子”，其文笔相对更注重表现力。

The view in most of the world is that China is indestructible.

Shrugging off the crises multiplying elsewhere, China seems to surge from strength to strength, its spectacular growth marching on no matter what headwinds may come.

It appears inevitable that China will overtake a U.S. mired in debt and division to become the world’s indispensable economy.

Those businessmen and policymakers looking to the future believe China’s “state capitalism” may be a superior form of economic organization in dealing with the challenges of the modern global economy.前面的句子如果不用从简的手法会写成: After China shrugged off the crises that multiply elsewhere, it seems to surge from strength to strength, and its spectacular growth marches on no matter what headwinds may come.

上边的句子基本反映了从句精简的规则：如果从属从句的主语和主要从句中主语重复，在从属从句中可以省略主语；

1)如果从句的动词是Be动词，视Be动词是否有实际含义直接去掉或者变成Being，其他不变

2)如果从句中有could, would, must等助动词，将助动词变成不定式to，其他不变;

3)如果从句中没有助动词，也没有be动词则将动词变成Ving，其他不变。

二、标点：活用分号，冒号，破折号和连字符

标点指的是活用分号（semi-colon），冒号(colon)，破折号(em-dash)和连字符(hyphen)。通篇几乎只用逗号和句号也是一种“中国味”。我认为这是由于我们的非专业英语教育不太重视英文这四种标点的使用，比如说高考中就很少考查这些知识点。相反，母语作者在文章中会更多地使用到这四种标点。

a.分号：隐形胶水

Richard C. Wydick在他的法律英文写作经典Plain English for Lawyers中谈到了分号，他描述道：“一些律师对于分号的态度就像是对野蘑菇：有些非常美味，但是有些却是致命的；因为没法分辨两者的区别，那就干脆统统避开。”Wydick自己的观点是分号没有那么危险，并且十分有用。其一，分号可以用来连接两个关系紧密的分句，这种做法的最大好处是可以增添写作的多样性，并且避免使用太多and之类连接词所带来的断断续续感(choppy sentences)，同时也精简了用字。这就是为什么我给分号起了个隐形胶水的绰号。

书中的一个例子是：The defense counsel objected to the questions; she said that it called for information projected by the attorney-client privilege.

其二，放在已经被连接词(therefore, however, furthermore, thus, indeed, in fact, as a result or for example)连接的两个从句中间，从而加强句子的节奏感。

比如：Her testimony could have been admitted under several exceptions to the hearsay rule; for example, either the excited utterance exception or the contemporaneous statements exception would apply.

b.冒号：洗耳恭听

冒号表明其后引用的内容是前边内容的列举、总结或阐述。每当放一个冒号，就像提醒读者：我要开始解释了。冒号用作列举则可省去include/including，并在视觉上创造一个更醒目的标志。而冒号更有价值的用法是引导对前文的总结(summary)、阐述(elaboration)或者是例证(illustration)。以下的例子也来源于“Plain English for Lawyers”：

The plaintiff failed to prove two key elements: negligence and proximate cause.(列举)

The damages were staggering: $1,000,000 in medical bills and $74,000 in lost wages. (阐释)

Only one thing stands between us and settlement:money. (阐述)

c. 破折号：无声的强调

我觉得破折号(em-dash)在“中国味”写作中是最被低估的标点，破折号可以加在被引导内容之前，用来表示停顿和解释。比如“Plain English for Lawyers”里列举的例子。

We need not reach the constitutional issue—that can await another day and another set of facts.

我觉得如果说冒号在对读者平静地说“我要开始解释了”，那么破折号则是带着感情地说“我要说点重要的”。Ben Yagoda在《纽约时报》的“Mad Dash”一文中深入地讨论了破折号的用法：他认为破折号带来的停顿时长约等于四分之三个句号，这比括号稍长，而比逗号长得多，这样就可以更好地吸引读者的注意。他列举了《了不起的盖茨比》中的一段，来说明破折号和冒号的区别。

Thirty: the promise of a decade of loneliness, a thinning list of single men to know, a thinning briefcase of enthusiasm, thinning hair.试比较原文

Thirty—the promise of a decade of loneliness, a thinning list of single men to know, a thinning briefcase of enthusiasm, thinning hair. 原文

三、副词巧：状态副词以取代副词短语

“副词巧”指的是多多利用状态副词以取代状态副词短语。换句话说就是将一个词组的意思浓缩到一个副词上。

试比较陈老师提供的几个句组：

As an enthusiastic reader, Peter read many books without paying attention to their differences in quality or subject matter.

As an enthusiastic reader, Peter read many books indiscriminately（不作选择地）

Good staff performed their tasks with great care and strong sense of responsibility. Good staff performed their tasks conscientiously.（诚心诚意地）

The pharmacist, through an oversight, made a mistake in the prescription.

The pharmacist inadvertently made a mistake in the prescription.（不经心地）

从上面几组句子看，很明显，和动词搭配起来，状态副词比状态副词短语简洁有力，活泼可爱。值得多多学习。以下是一些比较容易忘记在写作里使用的状态副词。

四、单一的工具，只能解决单一的问题

就像在一个只有锤子的人眼里，所有问题都是钉子。如果你的英文写作技法有限，表达方式往往也会重复单调，我认为这是“中国味”英文单调无趣的一个重要原因。以上的三宝，从简、标点、副词巧，希望能为你的写作工具箱加上几种工具，把你的作品雕琢的更加细致、凝练。但另一方面，这三宝只是写作的工具，而不是写作的原则，这也是为什么我们会看到作者视情况采取不同的选择。希望我们驾驭英文能够像驾驭跑车，收放自如，风驰电掣，享受到Sheer Writing Pleasure。

以上就是关于Essay写作的讲解，Essay写作最重要的是内容要丰富，逻辑够清晰，这样才能让自己的Essay得高分。

亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多论文写作技巧，51Due为留学生提供最好的作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Disadvantages of Video Games

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Disadvantages of Video Games，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了电子游戏的缺点。众所周知，电子游戏在大众中很受欢迎，尤其是在大量的儿童中。毫无疑问，电子游戏能够为孩子们提供一种更好的娱乐方式，而且有助于促进玩家的眼睛和手的协调。然而，遗憾的是，电子游戏对这些玩家来说有很多缺点，这是玩家应该避免的。电子游戏的主要缺点可以列举如下：长时间玩电子游戏会导致眼睛损伤，头晕和头痛；暴力的电子游戏会让孩子充满敌意；玩电子游戏会使儿童变胖。


It is known to us that video games are quite popular among the wide public, especially among the large number of children. There is no doubt that video games are able to provide a better form of entertainment to kids and they can help promote the coordination between eyes and hands of the players. However, what is a pity to say is that video games are with many disadvantages for those players, which should be avoided by the players. The main disadvantages of video games can be listed in the following: playing video games for a long time can result in eye damage, dizziness and headaches; violent video games will make children hostile; playing video games will turn children obese.

Firstly, playing video games for long hours will lead to eye damage, dizziness and headaches. If the children play video games for long in front of the computers, they may easily experience eye pains out of bad influences from an excessive visual medium. As a result, they may start to wear glasses from an early age and it is hard for them to live without glasses later on. At the same time, dizziness and headaches will appear when children play the video games too long and they will feel uncomfortable.

Secondly, video games are not always safe and there are violent ones which will make the players become hostile. Violent games teach violent behaviors. They will imitate the violent means from the video and apply it in their daily life. Violent games are harmful for the healthy growth of children because those children may not know how to get along harmoniously with people around. Based on this, it is necessary for the players to play those video games concerning adventure, maze, puzzle, sports, etc. but not the violent ones.

Thirdly, playing video games will turn children to be fat because they spend less or no time in exercising. The time spent in playing video games take up most of their spare time so that they have no time for exercising. On usual occasions, people drink soda and eat junk food when they are playing video games. If they keep playing video games while eating unhealthily and not exercising enough, they are bound to become fatter and fatter. In the long run, their physical health will be seriously impacted.

To sum up, a reasonable conclusion can be drawn that video games are with numerous disadvantages. And the most three typical ones are the below three: playing video games too long can cause eye damage, dizziness and headaches; violent video games will make children hostile; playing video games will make children obese. Therefore it is necessary for children to pay attention to those disadvantages when they play video games in the future. In this way, they can enjoy the fun of playing video games and they won’t be influenced badly too much.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创paper代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、美国作业代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的美国作业代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多代写范文 提供美国作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

SCI英文论文怎么写

SCI英文论文一直都是中国留学生心中的一根刺，首先你想要完成它，必须要有很高的专业英语水平，然后还要投稿到相应的权威期刊机构，既然是权威机构，那么高的拒绝率想必大家也是有所耳闻。针对这种情况，大家可以先提高英文的阅读与写作能力。如果想要自己的论文被接受，那么论文的质量自然是期刊机构最看重的，其次还有格式、结构、使用语言规范性等等都有很高的要求，下面就给大家讲解一下SCI英文论文写作。

一、SCI英文论文写作

对于创新来说，方法就是新的世界，最重要的不是知识，而是思路。正因为写作更需要思路的指导。

优秀论文的要素：

1.正确选题;

2.合适的切入点;

3.简洁明了;

4.说清自己的贡献;

5.可靠的/可重现的结果;

6.可重复的过程;

7.好的文章结构和逻辑流程;

8.精选的参考文献。

优秀论文的误区：

1.Idea越多越好;

2.一味追求革命性的，突破性的成果;

3.数学、理论和公式越复杂越好--显示自己的聪明;

4.追求最好，史无前例;

5.显示权威性，引文中大量引用自己的论文。

写文章的条件：

1.与研究工作相关，确实有了好的想法，不是为了写而写;

2.取得了有价值的成果，对学术界有贡献;

3.实验成熟，经得起检验;

4.已经需要记录下来和其他人分享。

写论文的要点：

1.写出3~4层的纲要反复修改多次;

2.从Introduction开写，回顾已有的工作;

3.要声明文章结构，不要直接进入细节;

4.声明工作的动机和基本原理，提出潜在的问题，自己进行回答;

5.讲明自己工作与前人的不同，说明自己的贡献及其实际应用前景;

6.最后写Summary和Abstract，反复斟酌后确定标题。

Reviewer Check List：

1.论文是否提出了一个新的问题或者给出了已有问题的一个新的解决方案

2.论文的主要结果是什么

3.实验结果是否充分

4.论文技术含量如何

5.论文是否对所提出的技术/结果的有效性和局限性进行了评价

6.论文写作是否清晰，从而令本行业内多数研究人员可读

7.论文是否适当地引用和介绍了与之相关的历史文献

8.论文是否应该给予嘉奖

IEEE Transactions on CSVT Review form:

1.在多大的程度上满足本期刊读者的兴趣

2.论文所使用的方法的评价

3.结果是否具有新颖性

4.主要结果是否正确

5.论述是否清晰

6.是否具有一致性

7.引文是否充足

如果你运用并掌握写作医学SCI英文论文的新技巧，更应该朝新的道路前进，新路可以创造，旧路却是可以毁坏的，所以不要跟随被踩烂了的成功之路。做自己的特色，SCI论文才会属于你。

二、提高英文的阅读与写作能力

1.要写好科研论文，必须先养成读英文文章的习惯，争取每天30-60分钟。

2.写科研论文，最重要的是逻辑。

逻辑的形成来自对实验数据的总体分析。必须先讨论出一套清晰的思路，然后按照思路来做图(Figures)，最后才能执笔。

3.具体写作时，先按照思路写一个以subheading为主的框架，然后开始具体写作。

第一稿，切忌追求每一句话的完美，更不要追求词语的华丽，而主要留心逻辑，注意前后句的逻辑关系、相邻两段的逻辑关系。写作时，全力以赴，尽可能不受外界事情干扰，争取在最短时间内拿出第一稿。还要注意：一句话不可太长。

4.学会照葫芦画瓢。

没有人天生会写优秀的科研论文，都是从别人那里学来的。学习别人的文章要注意专业领域的不同，有些领域有它内在的写作规律。

科研文章里的一些话是定式，比如

“To investigate the mechanism of …, we performed …”,

“These results support the former, but not the latter, hypothesis …”,

“Despite recent progress, how…remains to be elucidated…”等等。

用两次以后，就逐渐学会灵活运用了。在向别人学习时，切忌抄袭。

在英国一些机构，连续7个英文单词在一起和别人的完全一样，原则上就被认为抄袭。

5.第一稿写完后，给自己不要超过一天的休息时间，开始修改第二稿。

修改时，还是以逻辑为主，但对每一句话都要推敲一下，对abstract和正文中的关键语句要字斟句酌。学会用“Thesaurus”(同义词替换)以避免过多重复。第二稿的修改极为关键，再往后就不会大改了。

6.第二稿以后的修改，主要注重具体的字句，不会改变整体逻辑了。

投稿前，一定要整体读一遍，对个别词句略作改动。记住：学术期刊一般不会因为具体的语法错误拒绝一篇文章，但一定会因为逻辑混乱而拒绝一篇文章。

成功发表SCI论文是每个科研工作者期待实现的理想。然而，我们要明确写论文的目的，是为了学术科研交流。不是为了论文而写论文。只有认真对待，把英文写作水平提高才会更好的展现我们的学术科研。

以上就是51Due给大家讲解的SCI英文论文写作技巧，同学们记得要提高英文的阅读与写作能力。

亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多论文写作技巧，51Due为留学生提供最好的essay代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

The differences between the contents required by the financial reports

本篇paper代写- The differences between the contents required by the financial reports of small business in China and Japan讨论了中日两国中小企业财务报告内容要求的差异。在财务报告的内容上，中日两国有很多不同之处。无论是中国还是日本，小企业都必须准备资产负债表和损益表，但是现金流量表不同。中国必须报告，而日本不是强制性的。现金流量的计量与控制是小企业财务会计的目标，它能反映企业在一定时期内的偿债能力。本篇论文代写范文由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

This paper mainly compares the differences between the contents required by the financial reports of small business in China and Japan. First, look at the three most important financial statements, whether China or Japan, small businesses must prepare balance sheets and income statements. But the cash flow statement is different. China must report it, while Japan is not mandatory. The measurement and control of cash flow is the target of small business financial accounting, it can reflect the company's solvency ability within a certain period of time. Therefore, Japanese scholars also debate the establishment of cash flow statement. Then, the following part discusses the differences in some content of the financial report.

1.Impairment of Assets

China cancels all the impairment of assets, but Japan stipulates that when the value of the monetary assets changes, the amount of asset impairment should be estimated according to the actual situation and the asset impairment provision shall be included. When determining the amount of the impairment charge, it is necessary to take into account the financial situation of the creditor, the cost of collecting fund, and the level of difficulty and so on. Small businesses may have smaller operations, but in the fact, they may also have large machines. If the impairment of assets is not taken into account, it is a challenge for small businesses. On the one hand, it would be unfair and fair by doing so. On the other hand, it also creates a false increase in corporate profits. If the price of the goods can be restated according to the average price and the impact of price changes can be deleted, it can improve the accuracy and reliability of small business accounting information.

2.Inventory

China regulates that all assets need not be accrued for impairment, reducing the difference with the tax law so as to facilitate the operation. In addition, China's financial reporting only needs to report non-operating income and non-operating expenses for profit and loss of inventories. Compared with China, the inventory cost reported by Japan does not disclose the borrowing cost of the process of self-producing inventory becoming selling inventory. Japan, on the other hand, requires an impairment test on the inventory at the end of each period. Even these two ways reduce personal judgments about the inventory, which reduces the burden on enterprises. However, the handling of the profits and losses of inventories remains to be discussed. Generally, this happens because of poor management. Therefore, the loss should be included in the management fee, and the profit should be used for the reduction of the management fee.

3.Amortization of Intangible Assets

Both China and Japan have agreed the intangible assets can only be depreciated by using the straight-line method. For intangible assets with uncertain service life, China requires at least 10 years of amortization, while Japan does not need to amortize it. Amortization of 10 years, on the one hand, can reduce the workload of small business accounting staff, not like big businesses which should compound the intangible assets with uncertain service life at every term. On the other hand, it can also reduce that the small business accounting staffs use the amortization period to manipulate the profits of enterprises.

For contents of the financial report, there are many differences between China and Japan.

Reference

[1] Daske, Holger, & Gebhardt, Günther. (2010). International financial reporting standards and experts’ perceptions of disclosure quality. Abacus, 42(3-4), 461-498.

[2] Doupnik, T. S. (1993). Financial reporting in japan: regulation, practice, and environment. Nature, 511(7509), 362-5.

[3] Elifoglu, I. H., Fitzsimons, A. P., & Silliman, B. R. (2012). Separate financial reporting standards and standard setting for private companies. St Johnsuniversity Collegeofbusinessadministration, 32(:2).

[4] Jin Huayan. (2012). Changes and characteristics of accounting guide for small and medium-sized enterprises in Japan. China management informatization, 15(15), 3-6.

[5] Terry E. Cooke. (1991). The evolution of financial reporting in japan: a shame culture perspective. Accounting History Review(3), 251-277.

[6] Koppeschaar, Z. (2012). International financial reporting standard for small and medium-sized entities. Koppeschaar ZR. (2012) International financial reporting standard for small and medium sized entities. Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 5(2012), 5(1), 54.

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Government Politics and Citizenship

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Government Politics and Citizenship，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了政府政治与公民身份。快速变化的21世纪的美国给国会带来了挑战和机遇。但是国会已经根据今天的快速变化发展和调整。在美国，国会是确保21世纪每个人的声音都能被听到并受到预算监督的代表机构。我们可以乐观地得出这样的结论：国会能够满足美国人民的需要。

A representative institution, by its definition, is an institution in which a number of people are able to represent the population by coming together for debate, negotiate. It is where representatives are elected from their constituency in smaller districts to voice on behalf of the people. In the 21st century, the diverse population and challenges of self-government calls for the updates of Congress as well. This essay will evaluate how well Congress meets the needs of American people in terms of openness and transparency, promulgation of the law, decision-making function, and supervision of budget.

The openness and transparency of operations of U.S. Congress meets the needs of American people to be informed. Openness is the best medicine to prevent corruption, which is needed by American people now. The maximum social openness of congress is the most embodiment of the degree of democracy. American people are now free to listen to the entire process of congressional activities, and the news media are free to interview. Through the use of modern technological means such as radio, television and the Internet, more Americans can easily understand the parliamentary agenda and content. At present, the United States has formed a direct televised system of congressional proceedings centered on the C-SPAN channel. State, county and city councils also have their own television channels. Now the sessions of the U.S. congress are generally open to public, and the meeting can only be held in secret only when it involves the national military or diplomatic secrets. Before the public meeting of the United States House of Representatives, all media such as newspapers, television and the internet will promptly announce the time for holding the meeting and the topics for discussion at the meeting. Both houses set up special press seats for reporting. In addition, hearings of various specialized committees are generally held in public, since the hearing needs to listen to the opinions of all walks of life. Thus, the current congress can provide

The introduction of congressional website also provides an access for the general public to participate the promulgation of the law. If an ordinary American citizen thinks that a law should be put in place, he or she can find the state senator's contact information on the congressional website. Americans often organize events such as letter-writing campaigns to express their opinion to congressmen. Assuming that a lot of people were mobilized and ultimately the parliamentarians were affected, they would write a bill that could be understood as the initial idea of a law. The bill is then distributed to the committee, who is responsible for the bill, for discussion and amendment, and finally sent to the Senate. The Senate will then discuss and vote on the bill. If the Senate passes, it will be handed over to the House of Representatives, and then the two sides' committee will hold consultations on the final issue and reach an agreement. By this，the needs of the public has higher chance of becoming law.

The U.S. constitution and related laws provide Congress the power to supervise the budget, but the effective exercise of these powers depends on the adequacy of the parliamentary capacity. The American people now are concerned about the size of the federal budget, allocating the specific uses of each budget, and supervising government spending. Having budget supervisory authority does not necessarily imply budget supervision. Professional support agencies, highly qualified professionals, adequate information,etc. are all key to Congress's ability to monitor. Although there are some professional staff members in the budgetary commissions of the National Assembly, their professional abilities are far from being able to handle the complicated tasks in budget examination. The information provided by the administration often tends to defend their own budget requests. Therefore, in order to objectively and fairly review the budget of the executive branch, Congress must set up itself an auxiliary agency to prepare budgetary services for the Congress, which makes it work well in the aspect.

However, Congress also revealed some problems in the process of administrative supervision. Although the social life covered by the legislation in parliament is wider and wider, its actual decision-making function is getting smaller and smaller than that of the executive branch, and it increasingly focuses on supervising the policy. The U.S. Congress, which belongs to the Legislative Branch of the federal government, has an important place in the political structure in which the three powers of the United States are divided. Beginning in the 1930s, the political power in the United States gradually concentrated in the Confederation; within the federal government, power was gradually concentrated in the executive and the executive under its leadership. Since the early 1970s, the congress have successively formulated a series of new rules, granted the Standing Committee more extensive supervisory authority, and further strengthened the supervisory function of the National Assembly. First, there is lack of integrity. This has led to duplication of oversight activities in some hot agencies and wastage of oversight of some less prominent administrations. Second, there is also the question of abuse of investigative power.

The fast changing 21st century America presents both challenges and opportunities for the Congress. But Congress has developed and adapted in accordance to the rapid changes today. In the United States, Congress is the representative institution to ensure that each person’s voice in the 21st century can be heard and budget supervised. It is optimistic to conclude that Congress can meet the needs of American people.

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