Controversy: What was the Black Death?

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文 -- Controversy: What was the Black Death?，文章讲述尽管人们一直对黑死病着迷，但即使流行病背后的疾病特征仍然是一个有争议的问题。意识到十四世纪的目击者描述的疾病比鼠疫鼠疫（耶尔森氏瘟疫）更具传染性和致命性，传统上与​​黑死病有关的芽孢杆菌，1970年代和1980年代持异议的学者提出了斑疹伤寒或炭疽病或斑疹伤寒，炭疽病或臭虫病的混合物瘟疫是罪魁祸首。

Controversy: What was the Black Death?

In spite of enduring fascination with the Black Death, even the identity of the disease behind the epidemic remains a point of controversy. Aware that fourteenth—century eyewitnesses described a disease more contagious and deadlier than bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis), the bacillus traditionally associated with the Black Death, dissident scholars in the 1970s and 1980s proposed typhus or anthrax or mixes of typhus, anthrax, or bubonic plague as the culprit. The new millennium brought other challenges to the Black Death—bubonic plague link, such as an unknown and probably unidentifiable bacillus, an Ebola—like haemorrhagic fever or, at the pseudoscientific fringes of academia, a disease of interstellar origin.
Proponents of Black Death as bubonic plague have minimized differences between modern bubonic and the fourteenth—century plague through painstaking analysis of the Black Death’s movement and behavior and by hypothesizing that the fourteenth—century plague was a hypervirulent strain of bubonic plague, yet bubonic plague nonetheless. DNA analysis of human remains from known Black Death cemeteries was intended to eliminate doubt but inability to replicate initially positive results has left uncertainty. New analytical tools used and new evidence marshaled in this lively controversy have enriched understanding of the Black Death while underscoring the elusiveness of certitude regarding phenomena many centuries past.

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