paper代写：Asian American Discrimination

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Asian American Discrimination，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了亚裔美国人的歧视。自从美国成立以后，非裔美国人就因其明显的肤色差异而遭受严重的种族歧视，其中就包括亚裔美国人。美国有着与众不同的民族文化，和其他国家的文化差异是巨大的。在现实中，不同文化几乎无法完全融合在一起。另外，社会结构也是导致种族歧视的原因之一。如果社会结构不改变的话，亚裔美国人的种族歧视问题就很难得到解决。

Introduction

From the perspective of history, the United States has been a country with a complex ethnic composition and culture diversities, from which the white people account for the vast majority among the whole population. To some extent, the United States has been recognized as an immigration country, indicating the country will not exist without the immigrants. From all the immigrants, the Asian Americans belong to the earliest immigrants to America, with a relative small population in the American minorities, nevertheless. During the development history for Asian Americans, they have developed culture, been confused by identity issue and also met with discrimination problems（Greene, Way & Pahl, 2006）. This paper will make an analysis how Asian Americans have experienced racial discrimination in these years.

American Discrimination

Since the establishment of the United States, it has been signed with a number of item, including racial divide, ethnic prejudice and ethic stereotype (Lin, Kwan & Cheung, et al, 2005). The white people used to rule the country for a long period, while other minorities suffered from discrimination continuously. African Americans are those who suffer great racial discrimination due to their obvious color difference. There have been some famous political movements opposing to the racial discrimination and arguing for equal rights for the minorities, like the Civil Rights and the Third World Liberation movements in the 1960s and the 1970s (John S.W.Park). However, the truth is that racial discrimination has never been radically changed or totally eliminated. This results to a number of apparent difference between the white people and the discriminated minorities in aspects like educational level, the employment field, the average wage situation, the life status and so on.

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The Stereotypes on Asian Americans

There are stereotypes on Asian Americans in some literature works (Oyserman & Sakamoto, 1997). According to those popular literature works, Asian Americans can be generally divided into two groups, the good ones and the bad ones. The good one is typically represented by the honorable detective Charlie Chan. In contrast, the bad ones refer to those average Asian Americans who can sacrifice everything and anybody as long as they can achieve their personal goals.

Earlier Christian missionaries are keen to persuade the Asian Americans to believe the Christian. In this way, the Asian Americans are able to successfully integrate into American society by believing the Jesus and abandoning their own cultural traditions. In order to get more donations, the Christian missionaries tend to describe the Asian Americans to be trapped in poverty and depravity. For the white Americans, the Christian missionaries play a connecting part in getting access to Asian Americans, thus these missionaries are taken as the authority to learn about Asian Americans. As a result, the Christian missionaries have largely twisted the American public opinions and recognition of the Asian Americans, leading to more stereotypes and misunderstandings as a matter of fact.

From Asians to Asian Americans

Since the middle and late 19th century to the earlier 20th century, thousands of hundreds of Asian people such as the Chinese, the Japanese and the Koreans have entered the United States to serve as labor for establishing plantations, building railways and exploring for mining. During this period, the United States set a series of Asian Immigration restriction laws and regulations to have a good control of the increasing Asian immigrants. Then, the rising opposition emotions eventually led to the Asian American rejection bills which were passed by the American authorities. In the next a few years, more and more Asian immigrants express their desire for ethnic equalities, aiming to realize the identity transformation from Asians to Asian Americans.

Factors and Performances of Racial Discrimination

With the entrance of immigrants, they have brought some obvious differences into the United States, which gradually lead to the racial discrimination with various performances in difference periods. The main factors include historical limitations, cultural differences and the social structure situation.

The historical limitation is the first factor for potential racial discrimination. The majority of Asian immigrants are able to come to America based on American west development requirement. Earlier Asian American immigrants become the labor to explore western gold mine and construct the railway to the east. After fulfilling the specific historical missions, they have to leave the industrial departments, influenced by their ethnic identities. More and more immigrants become less identified with the loss of employment opportunities and the basic survival rights.

The culture differences have increased racial discrimination. The United States has distinctive national culture with the contribution from different nations. In general, the white people play a dominate role either in social life or the cultural life. Therefore, it is impossible for different cultures to be fully integrated with each other in reality. Generally speaking, the culture of the minorities including their attitudes, values and languages are taken less important than those of the majorities, thus it is difficult for the American minorities to enter the white mainstream culture (Oyserman & Sakamoto, 1997). For the Asian Americans, the first generation refuse to abandon their original ethic identity and culture despite of the rejection and discrimination. For the following Asian American generations, it is difficult for them to fully accept their Asian identities naturally, they are born they grow in America. They also accept American education. Therefore, the racial barriers continue to grow, with the increasing culture divergences. Another issue appears after the returning of these Asian Americans to their homelands. For one thing, the parent generation still have close relationship with traditional culture, thus they have inherited the traditional culture being the successors of the Asian Americans. For another, they are characteristic Americans growing up in American culture atmosphere. These two aspects are relatively independent and complementary to each other. The young generation have to show more flexibilities and settle the new problems after returning to Asian countries. The racial discrimination continues together with the culture divergence tendency.

The social structure is one performance of racial discrimination, which also continuously leads to racial discrimination in turn. By referring to a series of social political and economic systems, the social structure plays a dominating and an oppressing role on the minorities of the United States. Limited by stereotypes on Asian Americans, many American people take the Asian American as illiteracy, lower class and even the illegal immigrants. So, the Asian Americans usually have some dilemma when consuming or working in daily lives. In addition, it is the truth that some Asian Americans live a less satisfying life, or a lower class life in America society. Although the United States has been recognized as a country pursing political democracy, economic freedom and social equality, however, people tend to be exposed to racial discrimination to some extent as long as they are situated in America. For the ethic minorities especially the Asian Americans with a small population, the racial discrimination is a ubiquitous phenomenon in work and politics. Without the change in social structure, the racial discrimination for Asian Americans is hard to be improved.

Conclusion

It can be seen that Asian Americans have suffered from racial discrimination for a long history. In reality, this is not only a concern for Asian Americans, but also a big problem for the whole American society allowing for no neglect. As far as the Asian Americans are concerned, they have made great contributions to America flourishing development and their younger generations have become people with American characteristics. Therefore, racial equalities are supposed to be regulated and actually achieved.

References

Lin, M. H., Kwan, V. S. Y., Cheung, A., & Fiske, S. T. (2005). Stereotype Content Model Explains Prejudice for an Envied Outgroup: Scale of Anti-Asian American Stereotypes. (Vol.31, pp.34-47).

Greene, M. L., Way, N., & Pahl, K. (2006). Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents: patterns and psychological correlates. Dev Psychol., 42(2), 218-236.

John S.W.Park. Keywords for Asian American Studies.

http://keywords.nyupress.org/asian-american-studies/

Oyserman, D., & Sakamoto, I. (1997). Being Asian Americanidentity, cultural constructs, and stereotype perception. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science: A Publication of the NTL Institute, 33(4), 435-453.

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