社会保障と税の一体改革に欠ける視点 (その2）

社会保障と税の一体改革に欠ける視点 (その2）
野田政権は、社会保障と税の一体改革大綱の素案を12月末に決定する意向であるが、12月12日、関係5閣僚会議で社会保障分野の検討を開始した。これに先立ち厚生労働省は社会保障改革案の中間報告を公表した。
中間報告は、年金、医療・介護、及び子育て分野まで網羅しており、受給資格期限の10年への短縮、低所得層に対し年金加算、国民健康保険料や介護保険料の軽減（給付増要因となる）など、低所得層、パート、主婦などに一定の配慮をしているが、高所得者の年金減額、70-74歳の窓口負担引き上げ、外来患者への1回100円の負担上乗せ（料金収入増要因となる）など、収入を図る一方給付水準を下げ、利用者に負担を掛ける内容となっている。他方、年金支給開始年齢の引き上げ、デフレ下での年金給付額調整（給付水準引き下げ）、厚生年金保険料上限の引き上げなどについては法案提出を先送るとしている。
　この中間報告は、低所得層、パート、主婦などに一定の配慮をしており評価されるところであるが、「中間報告」とは言え基本的に次の諸点が欠けている。
1、欠けるコスト削減の側面 (その1で掲載）
2、最大の欠陥である国民年金など、見えない抜本的改革　
　国民、厚生、共済各年金とも拠出形であり、厚生、共済両年金の一本化が検討されているが、最大の欠陥は国民年金にある。国民年金にのみ加入している者の2011年4―7月の納付率は55.0％だが、失業等で納付免除者を加えると納付率は更に低くなる。納付していない者が半数近くいるので、受給者層が増加の一途であることを考慮すると、国民年金（基礎年金）制度は持続不可能な状況になっている。他方生活保護者は205万人にも達しているが、国民年金の給付額は平均5.3万円であるのに対し、東京都の生活保護支給額は30代単身で13万円以上、60代後半単身でも8万円強で家族構成などで加算されることになっているので、国民年金は保険料を支払っていながら支給額は少ないので、納付意欲を失わせる形となっている。
　現在、厚生年金と共済年金の一本化や国民年金（基礎年金）との統合などが検討されているが、まず最大の欠陥を抱えている国民年金の在り方を検討することが先決であろう。国民年金の納付率を上げると共に、不加入者をどう解消して行くかが検討されなくてはならない。国民年金も拠出制であり、本来的には拠出していない者には給付も無いことになる。基本的には受益者負担と自己責任の原則に則らざるを得ない。また生活保護支給額に対し、国民年金給付額が逆差別されている状況も是正する必要があろう。
　社会保障改革案の中間報告では、高所得者の年金減額などを提案している一方、年金支給開始年齢の引き上げ、デフレ下での年金給付額調整（引き下げ）、厚生年金保険料上限の引き上げなどが先送りになっており、「中間報告」であるので仕方が無いとは言え、これらのいずれについても国民年金の抜本的な改革案にはならない。拠出型の国民年金は拠出者に対して継続するとしても、いずれの年金にも拠出していない者を含む全国民を対象とする最低限の基礎年金をどのように制度設計するかが問われていると言えよう。
　国民、厚生、共済の3つの年金制度があり、分り難いとの評もあり、その面は否定できないが、3つとも雇用形態や所得水準、賃金体系などが異なるので一本化には複雑な調整が必要になるばかりか、一本化すれば年金問題が解決するというものでもない。国民、厚生、共済の3年金制度とも料率納付を前提としているので、原則として拠出者には入会時の条件になるべく近い水準で給付することが期待される。それなくしては年金の信頼性は維持出来ない。問題はいずれの年金制度でも受給資格が無い者をどう救済して行くかである。
　3、社会保障に関する新たな制度設計と消費税増税　　　　（その3に掲載）
（11.12.26．）（All Rights Reserved.）（不許無断引用）

社会保障と税の一体改革に欠ける視点 (その2）

社会保障と税の一体改革に欠ける視点 (その2）
野田政権は、社会保障と税の一体改革大綱の素案を12月末に決定する意向であるが、12月12日、関係5閣僚会議で社会保障分野の検討を開始した。これに先立ち厚生労働省は社会保障改革案の中間報告を公表した。
中間報告は、年金、医療・介護、及び子育て分野まで網羅しており、受給資格期限の10年への短縮、低所得層に対し年金加算、国民健康保険料や介護保険料の軽減（給付増要因となる）など、低所得層、パート、主婦などに一定の配慮をしているが、高所得者の年金減額、70-74歳の窓口負担引き上げ、外来患者への1回100円の負担上乗せ（料金収入増要因となる）など、収入を図る一方給付水準を下げ、利用者に負担を掛ける内容となっている。他方、年金支給開始年齢の引き上げ、デフレ下での年金給付額調整（給付水準引き下げ）、厚生年金保険料上限の引き上げなどについては法案提出を先送るとしている。
　この中間報告は、低所得層、パート、主婦などに一定の配慮をしており評価されるところであるが、「中間報告」とは言え基本的に次の諸点が欠けている。
1、欠けるコスト削減の側面 (その1で掲載）
2、最大の欠陥である国民年金など、見えない抜本的改革　
　国民、厚生、共済各年金とも拠出形であり、厚生、共済両年金の一本化が検討されているが、最大の欠陥は国民年金にある。国民年金にのみ加入している者の2011年4―7月の納付率は55.0％だが、失業等で納付免除者を加えると納付率は更に低くなる。納付していない者が半数近くいるので、受給者層が増加の一途であることを考慮すると、国民年金（基礎年金）制度は持続不可能な状況になっている。他方生活保護者は205万人にも達しているが、国民年金の給付額は平均5.3万円であるのに対し、東京都の生活保護支給額は30代単身で13万円以上、60代後半単身でも8万円強で家族構成などで加算されることになっているので、国民年金は保険料を支払っていながら支給額は少ないので、納付意欲を失わせる形となっている。
　現在、厚生年金と共済年金の一本化や国民年金（基礎年金）との統合などが検討されているが、まず最大の欠陥を抱えている国民年金の在り方を検討することが先決であろう。国民年金の納付率を上げると共に、不加入者をどう解消して行くかが検討されなくてはならない。国民年金も拠出制であり、本来的には拠出していない者には給付も無いことになる。基本的には受益者負担と自己責任の原則に則らざるを得ない。また生活保護支給額に対し、国民年金給付額が逆差別されている状況も是正する必要があろう。
　社会保障改革案の中間報告では、高所得者の年金減額などを提案している一方、年金支給開始年齢の引き上げ、デフレ下での年金給付額調整（引き下げ）、厚生年金保険料上限の引き上げなどが先送りになっており、「中間報告」であるので仕方が無いとは言え、これらのいずれについても国民年金の抜本的な改革案にはならない。拠出型の国民年金は拠出者に対して継続するとしても、いずれの年金にも拠出していない者を含む全国民を対象とする最低限の基礎年金をどのように制度設計するかが問われていると言えよう。
　国民、厚生、共済の3つの年金制度があり、分り難いとの評もあり、その面は否定できないが、3つとも雇用形態や所得水準、賃金体系などが異なるので一本化には複雑な調整が必要になるばかりか、一本化すれば年金問題が解決するというものでもない。国民、厚生、共済の3年金制度とも料率納付を前提としているので、原則として拠出者には入会時の条件になるべく近い水準で給付することが期待される。それなくしては年金の信頼性は維持出来ない。問題はいずれの年金制度でも受給資格が無い者をどう救済して行くかである。
　3、社会保障に関する新たな制度設計と消費税増税　　　　（その3に掲載）
（11.12.26．）（All Rights Reserved.）（不許無断引用）

社会保障と税の一体改革に欠ける視点 (その2）

社会保障と税の一体改革に欠ける視点 (その2）
野田政権は、社会保障と税の一体改革大綱の素案を12月末に決定する意向であるが、12月12日、関係5閣僚会議で社会保障分野の検討を開始した。これに先立ち厚生労働省は社会保障改革案の中間報告を公表した。
中間報告は、年金、医療・介護、及び子育て分野まで網羅しており、受給資格期限の10年への短縮、低所得層に対し年金加算、国民健康保険料や介護保険料の軽減（給付増要因となる）など、低所得層、パート、主婦などに一定の配慮をしているが、高所得者の年金減額、70-74歳の窓口負担引き上げ、外来患者への1回100円の負担上乗せ（料金収入増要因となる）など、収入を図る一方給付水準を下げ、利用者に負担を掛ける内容となっている。他方、年金支給開始年齢の引き上げ、デフレ下での年金給付額調整（給付水準引き下げ）、厚生年金保険料上限の引き上げなどについては法案提出を先送るとしている。
　この中間報告は、低所得層、パート、主婦などに一定の配慮をしており評価されるところであるが、「中間報告」とは言え基本的に次の諸点が欠けている。
1、欠けるコスト削減の側面 (その1で掲載）
2、最大の欠陥である国民年金など、見えない抜本的改革　
　国民、厚生、共済各年金とも拠出形であり、厚生、共済両年金の一本化が検討されているが、最大の欠陥は国民年金にある。国民年金にのみ加入している者の2011年4―7月の納付率は55.0％だが、失業等で納付免除者を加えると納付率は更に低くなる。納付していない者が半数近くいるので、受給者層が増加の一途であることを考慮すると、国民年金（基礎年金）制度は持続不可能な状況になっている。他方生活保護者は205万人にも達しているが、国民年金の給付額は平均5.3万円であるのに対し、東京都の生活保護支給額は30代単身で13万円以上、60代後半単身でも8万円強で家族構成などで加算されることになっているので、国民年金は保険料を支払っていながら支給額は少ないので、納付意欲を失わせる形となっている。
　現在、厚生年金と共済年金の一本化や国民年金（基礎年金）との統合などが検討されているが、まず最大の欠陥を抱えている国民年金の在り方を検討することが先決であろう。国民年金の納付率を上げると共に、不加入者をどう解消して行くかが検討されなくてはならない。国民年金も拠出制であり、本来的には拠出していない者には給付も無いことになる。基本的には受益者負担と自己責任の原則に則らざるを得ない。また生活保護支給額に対し、国民年金給付額が逆差別されている状況も是正する必要があろう。
　社会保障改革案の中間報告では、高所得者の年金減額などを提案している一方、年金支給開始年齢の引き上げ、デフレ下での年金給付額調整（引き下げ）、厚生年金保険料上限の引き上げなどが先送りになっており、「中間報告」であるので仕方が無いとは言え、これらのいずれについても国民年金の抜本的な改革案にはならない。拠出型の国民年金は拠出者に対して継続するとしても、いずれの年金にも拠出していない者を含む全国民を対象とする最低限の基礎年金をどのように制度設計するかが問われていると言えよう。
　国民、厚生、共済の3つの年金制度があり、分り難いとの評もあり、その面は否定できないが、3つとも雇用形態や所得水準、賃金体系などが異なるので一本化には複雑な調整が必要になるばかりか、一本化すれば年金問題が解決するというものでもない。国民、厚生、共済の3年金制度とも料率納付を前提としているので、原則として拠出者には入会時の条件になるべく近い水準で給付することが期待される。それなくしては年金の信頼性は維持出来ない。問題はいずれの年金制度でも受給資格が無い者をどう救済して行くかである。
　3、社会保障に関する新たな制度設計と消費税増税　　　　（その3に掲載）
（11.12.26．）（All Rights Reserved.）（不許無断引用）

社会保障と税の一体改革に欠ける視点 (その2）

　社会保障と税の一体改革に欠ける視点 (その2）
野田政権は、社会保障と税の一体改革大綱の素案を12月末に決定する意向であるが、12月12日、関係5閣僚会議で社会保障分野の検討を開始した。これに先立ち厚生労働省は社会保障改革案の中間報告を公表した。
中間報告は、年金、医療・介護、及び子育て分野まで網羅しており、受給資格期限の10年への短縮、低所得層に対し年金加算、国民健康保険料や介護保険料の軽減（給付増要因となる）など、低所得層、パート、主婦などに一定の配慮をしているが、高所得者の年金減額、70-74歳の窓口負担引き上げ、外来患者への1回100円の負担上乗せ（料金収入増要因となる）など、収入を図る一方給付水準を下げ、利用者に負担を掛ける内容となっている。他方、年金支給開始年齢の引き上げ、デフレ下での年金給付額調整（給付水準引き下げ）、厚生年金保険料上限の引き上げなどについては法案提出を先送るとしている。
　この中間報告は、低所得層、パート、主婦などに一定の配慮をしており評価されるところであるが、「中間報告」とは言え基本的に次の諸点が欠けている。
1、欠けるコスト削減の側面 (その1で掲載）
2、最大の欠陥である国民年金など、見えない抜本的改革　
　国民、厚生、共済各年金とも拠出形であり、厚生、共済両年金の一本化が検討されているが、最大の欠陥は国民年金にある。国民年金にのみ加入している者の2011年4―7月の納付率は55.0％だが、失業等で納付免除者を加えると納付率は更に低くなる。納付していない者が半数近くいるので、受給者層が増加の一途であることを考慮すると、国民年金（基礎年金）制度は持続不可能な状況になっている。他方生活保護者は205万人にも達しているが、国民年金の給付額は平均5.3万円であるのに対し、東京都の生活保護支給額は30代単身で13万円以上、60代後半単身でも8万円強で家族構成などで加算されることになっているので、国民年金は保険料を支払っていながら支給額は少ないので、納付意欲を失わせる形となっている。
　現在、厚生年金と共済年金の一本化や国民年金（基礎年金）との統合などが検討されているが、まず最大の欠陥を抱えている国民年金の在り方を検討することが先決であろう。国民年金の納付率を上げると共に、不加入者をどう解消して行くかが検討されなくてはならない。国民年金も拠出制であり、本来的には拠出していない者には給付も無いことになる。基本的には受益者負担と自己責任の原則に則らざるを得ない。また生活保護支給額に対し、国民年金給付額が逆差別されている状況も是正する必要があろう。
　社会保障改革案の中間報告では、高所得者の年金減額などを提案している一方、年金支給開始年齢の引き上げ、デフレ下での年金給付額調整（引き下げ）、厚生年金保険料上限の引き上げなどが先送りになっており、「中間報告」であるので仕方が無いとは言え、これらのいずれについても国民年金の抜本的な改革案にはならない。拠出型の国民年金は拠出者に対して継続するとしても、いずれの年金にも拠出していない者を含む全国民を対象とする最低限の基礎年金をどのように制度設計するかが問われていると言えよう。
　国民、厚生、共済の3つの年金制度があり、分り難いとの評もあり、その面は否定できないが、3つとも雇用形態や所得水準、賃金体系などが異なるので一本化には複雑な調整が必要になるばかりか、一本化すれば年金問題が解決するというものでもない。国民、厚生、共済の3年金制度とも料率納付を前提としているので、原則として拠出者には入会時の条件になるべく近い水準で給付することが期待される。それなくしては年金の信頼性は維持出来ない。問題はいずれの年金制度でも受給資格が無い者をどう救済して行くかである。
　3、社会保障に関する新たな制度設計と消費税増税　　　　（その3に掲載）
（11.12.26．）（All Rights Reserved.）（不許無断引用）

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 5)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 5)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces ( Posted in Part 2 )
3. Emergence of mega-population economies ( Posted in Part 3 )
4. Lost Decade in Africa (Posted in Part 4)
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model
It seems that the Official Development model initiated by the United Nations including relevant Specialized Agencies since 1960’s requires fundamental change in terms of focus and objectives as follows:
(1) Focus should be placed on economic self-reliance in Africa and other developing countries graduating from dependence on foreign aid, which facilitated the population explosion and jobless people.
Now that most countries in Africa have achieved independence, it is time to establish self –reliant economy so that people can earn income from jobs to feed their family. Basic priority of areas for foreign aid should be place on the promotion of agriculture including rural development, industries and job creation with the particular attention to environment.
(2) Most industrialized countries are destined to devote their financial resources to help support their own aging population more and more in health and elderly care, and pension with less working forces which cause a slower economic growth.
And they tend to shift their production sites to suitable developing countries and others which can offer attractive conditions, and accept more foreign experts and workers in permitted job categories. Such tendency will offer business as well as job opportunities in developing countries conducive to build a self-reliant economy.
Aid contribution from industrialized countries will be in the decline in the coming years in the light above so that it should be specifically focused with a view to building a self-reliant economy in Africa and other developing countries.
The Development Aid model since 1960’s is difficult to sustain from both donor side and recipient side so that the Aid model should be reviewed afresh. It will apply for U.N. specialized agencies such as UNDP, FAO and others.
(2011. 11.02.)(All Rights Reserved.)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 5)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 5)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces ( Posted in Part 2 )
3. Emergence of mega-population economies ( Posted in Part 3 )
4. Lost Decade in Africa (Posted in Part 4)
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model
It seems that the Official Development model initiated by the United Nations including relevant Specialized Agencies since 1960’s requires fundamental change in terms of focus and objectives as follows:
(1) Focus should be placed on economic self-reliance in Africa and other developing countries graduating from dependence on foreign aid, which facilitated the population explosion and jobless people.
Now that most countries in Africa have achieved independence, it is time to establish self –reliant economy so that people can earn income from jobs to feed their family. Basic priority of areas for foreign aid should be place on the promotion of agriculture including rural development, industries and job creation with the particular attention to environment.
(2) Most industrialized countries are destined to devote their financial resources to help support their own aging population more and more in health and elderly care, and pension with less working forces which cause a slower economic growth.
And they tend to shift their production sites to suitable developing countries and others which can offer attractive conditions, and accept more foreign experts and workers in permitted job categories. Such tendency will offer business as well as job opportunities in developing countries conducive to build a self-reliant economy.
Aid contribution from industrialized countries will be in the decline in the coming years in the light above so that it should be specifically focused with a view to building a self-reliant economy in Africa and other developing countries.
The Development Aid model since 1960’s is difficult to sustain from both donor side and recipient side so that the Aid model should be reviewed afresh. It will apply for U.N. specialized agencies such as UNDP, FAO and others.
(2011. 11.02.)(All Rights Reserved.)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 5)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 5)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces ( Posted in Part 2 )
3. Emergence of mega-population economies ( Posted in Part 3 )
4. Lost Decade in Africa (Posted in Part 4)
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model
It seems that the Official Development model initiated by the United Nations including relevant Specialized Agencies since 1960’s requires fundamental change in terms of focus and objectives as follows:
(1) Focus should be placed on economic self-reliance in Africa and other developing countries graduating from dependence on foreign aid, which facilitated the population explosion and jobless people.
Now that most countries in Africa have achieved independence, it is time to establish self –reliant economy so that people can earn income from jobs to feed their family. Basic priority of areas for foreign aid should be place on the promotion of agriculture including rural development, industries and job creation with the particular attention to environment.
(2) Most industrialized countries are destined to devote their financial resources to help support their own aging population more and more in health and elderly care, and pension with less working forces which cause a slower economic growth.
And they tend to shift their production sites to suitable developing countries and others which can offer attractive conditions, and accept more foreign experts and workers in permitted job categories. Such tendency will offer business as well as job opportunities in developing countries conducive to build a self-reliant economy.
Aid contribution from industrialized countries will be in the decline in the coming years in the light above so that it should be specifically focused with a view to building a self-reliant economy in Africa and other developing countries.
The Development Aid model since 1960’s is difficult to sustain from both donor side and recipient side so that the Aid model should be reviewed afresh. It will apply for U.N. specialized agencies such as UNDP, FAO and others.
(2011. 11.02.)(All Rights Reserved.)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 5)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 5)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces ( Posted in Part 2 )
3. Emergence of mega-population economies ( Posted in Part 3 )
4. Lost Decade in Africa (Posted in Part 4)
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model
It seems that the Official Development model initiated by the United Nations including relevant Specialized Agencies since 1960’s requires fundamental change in terms of focus and objectives as follows:
(1) Focus should be placed on economic self-reliance in Africa and other developing countries graduating from dependence on foreign aid, which facilitated the population explosion and jobless people.
Now that most countries in Africa have achieved independence, it is time to establish self –reliant economy so that people can earn income from jobs to feed their family. Basic priority of areas for foreign aid should be place on the promotion of agriculture including rural development, industries and job creation with the particular attention to environment.
(2) Most industrialized countries are destined to devote their financial resources to help support their own aging population more and more in health and elderly care, and pension with less working forces which cause a slower economic growth.
And they tend to shift their production sites to suitable developing countries and others which can offer attractive conditions, and accept more foreign experts and workers in permitted job categories. Such tendency will offer business as well as job opportunities in developing countries conducive to build a self-reliant economy.
Aid contribution from industrialized countries will be in the decline in the coming years in the light above so that it should be specifically focused with a view to building a self-reliant economy in Africa and other developing countries.
The Development Aid model since 1960’s is difficult to sustain from both donor side and recipient side so that the Aid model should be reviewed afresh. It will apply for U.N. specialized agencies such as UNDP, FAO and others.
(2011. 11.02.)(All Rights Reserved.)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 5)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 5)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces ( Posted in Part 2 )
3. Emergence of mega-population economies ( Posted in Part 3 )
4. Lost Decade in Africa (Posted in Part 4)
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model
It seems that the Official Development model initiated by the United Nations including relevant Specialized Agencies since 1960’s requires fundamental change in terms of focus and objectives as follows:
(1) Focus should be placed on economic self-reliance in Africa and other developing countries graduating from dependence on foreign aid, which facilitated the population explosion and jobless people.
Now that most countries in Africa have achieved independence, it is time to establish self –reliant economy so that people can earn income from jobs to feed their family. Basic priority of areas for foreign aid should be place on the promotion of agriculture including rural development, industries and job creation with the particular attention to environment.
(2) Most industrialized countries are destined to devote their financial resources to help support their own aging population more and more in health and elderly care, and pension with less working forces which cause a slower economic growth.
And they tend to shift their production sites to suitable developing countries and others which can offer attractive conditions, and accept more foreign experts and workers in permitted job categories. Such tendency will offer business as well as job opportunities in developing countries conducive to build a self-reliant economy.
Aid contribution from industrialized countries will be in the decline in the coming years in the light above so that it should be specifically focused with a view to building a self-reliant economy in Africa and other developing countries.
The Development Aid model since 1960’s is difficult to sustain from both donor side and recipient side so that the Aid model should be reviewed afresh. It will apply for U.N. specialized agencies such as UNDP, FAO and others.
(2011. 11.02.)(All Rights Reserved.)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 4)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 4)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces ( Posted in Part 2 )
3. Emergence of mega-population economies ( Posted in Part 3 )
4. Lost Decade in Africa
Thirdly, the problem of economic and social development in Africa, whose population stands at about 1.1 billion. Africa’s rate of natural increase is 2.4 %, twice as fast as 1.2 % of the World’s average rate, fastest in any region in the World. In spite of the repetition of the Development Decade backed by the United Nations since 1961, the economic development in Africa remains to be slow, while having made a significant progress in the political system, that is, independence from the past colonial rules and the introduction of democratic system.
A large number of people in Africa still suffer from poverty, famine, drought, refugees, lack of food, fuel, medicine, and clean water, so on so forth. Therefore, constantly it needs the inflow of ODA from industrialized countries. The World did so for the past 50 years under the UN Development Decade for the cause of humanitarian aid, although 1990’s is said to be the Lost Decade for Africa.
But as a result, ODA from industrialized countries, although appreciated from many circles, seems to accelerate the population explosion in Africa, thus creating new need for aid such as food, vitamin, medicine, clean water, wears, barracks and tents, and others in the name of humanitarian aids. It is irresistible. So, should we continue this for the years to come? How long? Another 50 years?
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model (To be posted in Part 5 )
(2011. 11.02.) (All Rights Reserved.)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 4)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 4)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces ( Posted in Part 2 )
3. Emergence of mega-population economies ( Posted in Part 3 )
4. Lost Decade in Africa
Thirdly, the problem of economic and social development in Africa, whose population stands at about 1.1 billion. Africa’s rate of natural increase is 2.4 %, twice as fast as 1.2 % of the World’s average rate, fastest in any region in the World. In spite of the repetition of the Development Decade backed by the United Nations since 1961, the economic development in Africa remains to be slow, while having made a significant progress in the political system, that is, independence from the past colonial rules and the introduction of democratic system.
A large number of people in Africa still suffer from poverty, famine, drought, refugees, lack of food, fuel, medicine, and clean water, so on so forth. Therefore, constantly it needs the inflow of ODA from industrialized countries. The World did so for the past 50 years under the UN Development Decade for the cause of humanitarian aid, although 1990’s is said to be the Lost Decade for Africa.
But as a result, ODA from industrialized countries, although appreciated from many circles, seems to accelerate the population explosion in Africa, thus creating new need for aid such as food, vitamin, medicine, clean water, wears, barracks and tents, and others in the name of humanitarian aids. It is irresistible. So, should we continue this for the years to come? How long? Another 50 years?
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model (To be posted in Part 5 )
(2011. 11.02.) (All Rights Reserved.)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 3)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 3)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces ( Posted in Part 2 )
3. Emergence of mega-population economies
Secondly, two newly emerged countries with mega-population, namely China and India, occupy already one-third of the total world population, and continue to grow faster than most industrialized countries. Their GDP will grow faster too. It is good when industrialized countries are facing economic difficulties. But the two countries will consume more natural resources including energy and food stuff, exhausting more carbon dioxide and heat. Although it is good for economic growth in the World, this, in turn, aggravate the global warming further and the climate change elsewhere in the World.
In China, one child policy is, in principle, adopted. But it is reported that there are uncounted population, mostly female, because many of the families want to have babies until they have baby boys as heir so that it may be difficult to contain population growth.
In India, although there is no such policy, people in the wealthy and educated higher echelon of population, roughly top 10 % or so, tend to have two children, not more. But people in the lower echelon, especially lowest one, tend to have much higher birth rate because children, as they grow, would bring money to their families. Therefore, population in India would grow as fast as before.
It is critical for them to curtail the consumption of important natural resources such as petroleum and rare metals as well as food stuff while trying to reduce emission of carbon dioxide and contain population increase.
4. Lost Decade in Africa (To be posted in Part 4)
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model (To be posted in Part 5 )
(2011. 11.02.) (All Rights Reserved.)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 3)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 3)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces ( Posted in Part 2 )
3. Emergence of mega-population economies
Secondly, two newly emerged countries with mega-population, namely China and India, occupy already one-third of the total world population, and continue to grow faster than most industrialized countries. Their GDP will grow faster too. It is good when industrialized countries are facing economic difficulties. But the two countries will consume more natural resources including energy and food stuff, exhausting more carbon dioxide and heat. Although it is good for economic growth in the World, this, in turn, aggravate the global warming further and the climate change elsewhere in the World.
In China, one child policy is, in principle, adopted. But it is reported that there are uncounted population, mostly female, because many of the families want to have babies until they have baby boys as heir so that it may be difficult to contain population growth.
In India, although there is no such policy, people in the wealthy and educated higher echelon of population, roughly top 10 % or so, tend to have two children, not more. But people in the lower echelon, especially lowest one, tend to have much higher birth rate because children, as they grow, would bring money to their families. Therefore, population in India would grow as fast as before.
It is critical for them to curtail the consumption of important natural resources such as petroleum and rare metals as well as food stuff while trying to reduce emission of carbon dioxide and contain population increase.
4. Lost Decade in Africa (To be posted in Part 4)
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model (To be posted in Part 5 )
(2011. 11.02.) (All Rights Reserved.)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 2)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 2)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces
There are 3 aspects on the population issue in the World.
First, the population growth rate is static or negative in most industrialized countries, while the number of aged people are increasing with longer life expectancy. As a result, the medicare and welfare or pension costs steadily increase while working forces, therefore, the amount of tax revenues decrease.
Most industrialized countries such as Japan, U.S. and EU, are facing economic and financial difficulties, especially after the Lehmann shock in September, 2008, with the burden of huge Government debt. Their financial ability to carry out policy measures is limited. On top of it, they face such constraints as global warming and, unpredictable sever natural disasters here and there so that we can not expect high economic growth as before. How far, then, they could continue to provide Official Development Aid to developing countries, which may have facilitated population explosion in Africa and other developing countries. At least, we can say at this stage that they are not able to allot development aid as before.
3. Emergence of mega-population economies (To be posted in Part 3)
4. Lost Decade in Africa (To be posted in Part 4)
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model (To be posted in Part 5 )
(2011. 11.02.) (All Rights Reserved.)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 2)

International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (part 2)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate? ( Posted in Part 1 )
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces
There are 3 aspects on the population issue in the World.
First, the population growth rate is static or negative in most industrialized countries, while the number of aged people are increasing with longer life expectancy. As a result, the medicare and welfare or pension costs steadily increase while working forces, therefore, the amount of tax revenues decrease.
Most industrialized countries such as Japan, U.S. and EU, are facing economic and financial difficulties, especially after the Lehmann shock in September, 2008, with the burden of huge Government debt. Their financial ability to carry out policy measures is limited. On top of it, they face such constraints as global warming and, unpredictable sever natural disasters here and there so that we can not expect high economic growth as before. How far, then, they could continue to provide Official Development Aid to developing countries, which may have facilitated population explosion in Africa and other developing countries. At least, we can say at this stage that they are not able to allot development aid as before.
3. Emergence of mega-population economies (To be posted in Part 3)
4. Lost Decade in Africa (To be posted in Part 4)
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model (To be posted in Part 5 )
(2011. 11.02.) (All Rights Reserved.)