International Series Seven Billion World Population, Celebration or Warning? (Full Text)
The United Nations announced that the World Population reached at 7 billion on the Halloween Day in 2011. We celebrate warmly the birth of new babies and wish for their health and future happiness.
1. How many population this Globe can accommodate?
But it is noted that the World population doubled from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion in 1999 in ten years! And it continued to grow from 1999 level to 7 billion in 2011, a blasting increase of 16.6 % in 12 years. Astonishing is not only for a high population growth rate but also an absolute number of population on this limited Globe, while the World community including the United Nations often addressed and dealt the issue of population explosion in the developing countries.
How far this trend may be able to continue? How many population this Globe could accommodate? Should we learn from the history of the Earth that the pre-historic animal, Mammoth, became too big to feed themselves and died down because of the lack of enough food coupled with the climatic change towards the Ice Age? The population issue has two sides of a coin. It is food and depletable natural resources issue like fossil fuel and rare metals in the years to come as well as emission gas issue.
2. Aging population in industrialized countries with les working forces
There are 3 aspects on the population issue in the World.
First, the population growth rate is static or negative in most industrialized countries, while the number of aged people are increasing with longer life expectancy. As a result, the medicare and welfare or pension costs steadily increase while working forces, therefore, the amount of tax revenues decrease.
Most industrialized countries such as Japan, U.S. and EU, are facing economic and financial difficulties, especially after the Lehmann shock in September, 2008, with the burden of huge Government debt. Their financial ability to carry out policy measures is limited. On top of it, they face such constraints as global warming and, unpredictable sever natural disasters here and there so that we can not expect high economic growth as before. How far, then, they could continue to provide Official Development Aid to developing countries, which may have facilitated population explosion in Africa and other developing countries. At least, we can say at this stage that they are not able to allot development aid as before.
3. Emergence of mega-population economies
Secondly, two newly emerged countries with mega-population, namely China and India, occupy already one-third of the total world population, and continue to grow faster than most industrialized countries. Their GDP will grow faster too. It is good when industrialized countries are facing economic difficulties. But the two countries will consume more natural resources including energy and food stuff, exhausting more carbon dioxide and heat. Although it is good for economic growth in the World, this, in turn, aggravate the global warming further and the climate change elsewhere in the World.
In China, one child policy is, in principle, adopted. But it is reported that there are uncounted population, mostly female, because many of the families want to have babies until they have baby boys as heir so that it may be difficult to contain population growth.
In India, although there is no such policy, people in the wealthy and educated higher echelon of population, roughly top 10 % or so, tend to have two children, not more. But people in the lower echelon, especially lowest one, tend to have much higher birth rate because children, as they grow, would bring money to their families. Therefore, population in India would grow as fast as before.
It is critical for them to curtail the consumption of important natural resources such as petroleum and rare metals as well as food stuff while trying to reduce emission of carbon dioxide and contain population increase.
4. Lost Decade in Africa
Thirdly, the problem of economic and social development in Africa, whose population stands at about 1.1 billion. Africa’s rate of natural increase is 2.4 %, twice as fast as 1.2 % of the World’s average rate, fastest in any region in the World. In spite of the repetition of the Development Decade backed by the United Nations since 1961, the economic development in Africa remains to be slow, while having made a significant progress in the political system, that is, independence from the past colonial rules and the introduction of democratic system.
A large number of people in Africa still suffer from poverty, famine, drought, refugees, lack of food, fuel, medicine, and clean water, so on so forth. Therefore, constantly it needs the inflow of ODA from industrialized countries. The World did so for the past 50 years under the UN Development Decade for the cause of humanitarian aid, although 1990’s is said to be the Lost Decade for Africa.
But as a result, ODA from industrialized countries, although appreciated from many circles, seems to accelerate the population explosion in Africa, thus creating new need for aid such as food, vitamin, medicine, clean water, wears, barracks and tents, and others in the name of humanitarian aids. It is irresistible. So, should we continue this for the years to come? How long? Another 50 years?
5. Need for a fundamental change in the Official Development model
It seems that the Official Development model initiated by the United Nations including relevant Specialized Agencies since 1960’s requires fundamental change in terms of focus and objectives as follows:
(1)Focus should be placed on economic self-reliance in Africa and other developing countries graduating from dependence on foreign aid, which facilitated the population explosion and jobless people.
Now that most countries in Africa have achieved independence, it is time to establish self –reliant economy so that people can earn income from jobs to feed their family. Basic priority of areas for foreign aid should be place on the promotion of agriculture including rural development, industries and job creation with the particular attention to environment.
(2)Most industrialized countries are destined to devote their financial resources to help support their own aging population more and more in health and elderly care, and pension with less working forces which cause a slower economic growth.
And they tend to shift their production sites to suitable developing countries and others which can offer attractive conditions, and accept more foreign experts and workers in permitted job categories. Such tendency will offer business as well as job opportunities in developing countries conducive to build a self-reliant economy.
Aid contribution from industrialized countries will be in the decline in the coming years in the light above so that it should be specifically focused with a view to building a self-reliant economy in Africa and other developing countries.
The Development Aid model since 1960’s is difficult to sustain from both donor side and recipient side so that the Aid model should be reviewed afresh. It will apply for U.N. specialized agencies such as UNDP, FAO and others.
(2011. 11.02.)(All Rights Reserved.)
