Racial discrimination literature

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文 -- Racial discrimination literature，文章讲述在美国，种族歧视一直是一个热门话题。特别是当奥巴马于2008年成为美国第一位黑人总统时，美国的种族问题和种族歧视再次引起人们的关注，并引起了广泛关注，因为美国被认为是最民主，最自由，最理想的国家。种族歧视不再存在的孤独时间。但是Diaconu（2010）在其著作《种族歧视》中声称，在世界上不同种族和文化背景的人的迁徙和流动增加的情况下，种族歧视问题仍然是当今的热门话题（第58页）。 。的确，作为一个大移民国，美国很难在短时间内融化所有文化，这导致种族主义或种族歧视的长期存在，因为不同的文化具有不同的族裔，背景和特征。米克斯（Meeks（2010））认为，在日常生活中确实存在种族歧视的各种形式，这绝对会对人造成伤害，并从阶级，年龄，种族和着装角度（CARD）深入探讨了主要的潜在种族歧视案例。 ）（第181页）。种族表象是一个术语，用于描述歧视就业，服务，住房等的基础，或由于种族而给予个人或人群优惠待遇。种族特征可以说是目前种族歧视的一种新形式。如今在美国，种族貌相是一个潜在的威胁生命的问题，它导致某些人丧失了公民权利。因此，非常有必要探索如何终止种族歧视以促进社会发展并实现目前的种族歧视的发展方式。

Racial discrimination literature
Racial discrimination has been a heated issue in America. Especially when Obama became the first black president of the United States in 2008, American racial issue and racial discrimination came into people’s eyes again and gave rise to large attention, as America has been considered to be the most democratic, free and ideal country for a lone time that the racial discrimination would not exist any longer. But in his book Racial Discrimination, Diaconu (2010) claims that the issue of racial discrimination is still a topical subject today under the condition of the increased migration and movement of people of different ethnic origins and cultural background in the world (p. 58). Indeed, America, as a big immigration country, is hard to melt and unite all the cultures in a short time, which contributes to the long-term existence of racism or racial discrimination, because different cultures have different ethnic origins, background and features. Meeks (2010) argues that racial profiling does happen in the daily life every day in many forms that it will absolutely do harm to people, and explores deeply the main potential racial profiling cases from the perspectives of class, age, race and dress (CARD) (p. 181). Racial profiling is a term used to describe the basis of discrimination for employment, services, housing, etc., or to give preferential treatment to an individual or group of people because of their ethnicity. The racial profiling can be said to be a new kind of form of racial discrimination at present. Today in the United States, racial profiling is a potential life-threatening problem that it has resulted in that some people lose their civil rights. Therefore, it is pretty necessary to explore the ways how to terminate the racial discrimination to promote the social development and to realize what the current racial discrimination is developed into.
With the fast development of society, the issue of racial discrimination welcomes new page of life. Today racial discrimination has new major racial and ethnic changes in the United States, which are happening and sweeping in America, because the second generation of the races of Hispanic and Asian groups accounts for all the growth in the whole nation’s youth population (Frey, 2014, p. 136). There are many immigrants including Asians in the United States, whose population occupies certain proportion of the whole American population. With more Asian immigrants in America, that the next generation of the Asians in the United States plays a large role in the whole American youth population, while the next generation of native Americans seem to decline, so it is no doubt that the melting or combination between Asians and Americans tends to increase that race relations of neighborhood segregation, mixed-race marriages or political ramifications in America will be more difficult to identify. With the growing population of immigrants in America, the racial discrimination will be developed into a new page that it may be reduced with the increasing mix of different races. Rose (2014), similarly, explores the new inter-group relations from the perspective of sociology that demographic changes have happened in the persisting patterns recently, such as the “leapfrog’ phenomenon (p. 201). He argues that racial and ethnic relations have new developments today, such as the rise of Islamophobia, the nativist and nationalist movements, or the rise of xenophobia (p. 215). Such the new developments are easy to understand, I think, because today is a multi-cultural world with an increasing globalization. Different races and cultures can meet conflicts, melt or combination during the development of globalization.
Though the racial discrimination in the United States seems to be reduced, it still exists in America in many aspects, such as on the education, employment, shops, income, etc., and it can be reduced or even terminated by strengthening the education. In his book Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal, Hacker (2010) argues and emphasizes that racial inequality still exists in America in the daily, such as family life, education, income and employment, and race accounts for America’s history and will continue to shape its future (p. 146). It is known to us that America’s history can be said to be racial history, as America has been a large immigration country since its discovery. In addition, Blank (2004) puts forward that the size of and extent of racial discrimination can be measured and thus serve to undercut the achievement of equal opportunities, although there are many factors contributing to racial discrimination (p. 97). As is known to us or mentioned above, today’s large differences on racial and ethnic groups still exist in employment, income and wealth, housing, education, health and other areas, but it is great to see that racial discrimination can be evaluated with the social development. By the methods of evaluation of racial discrimination, people can have higher awareness to fight against the racism. Also, by promoting the education, the racial discrimination can be reduced and killed in the end.
On the other hand, with the evolution of racial discrimination, the anti-racial discrimination came into being as well. Solanke (2009) argues that making anti-racial discrimination law is an effective and good way to fight against the racial discrimination (p. 112). Absolutely, it is of great importance that both the laws and liberalism have large influences on anti-racial discrimination. In fact, to deal with racial discrimination, Diaconu argues in his book that racial discrimination is a long-term important problem that needs all kinds of supports from the people and governments (p. 79). Therefore, when speaking of the issue of racism or racial discrimination, it is no wonder that people could not help but ask: why does the racial discrimination still exist in America? How long will it stay in the future? Aren’t there any methods to kill the racial discrimination?
Hypothesis
Racial discrimination is an old and large social issue in America. Overseeing America’s history, there are numerous factors leading to the racial discrimination, including historical factors, geographic factors, the social ideology, the economic factors or the political factors. So I think the racial discrimination can still exist in the United States for a long time and will be developed and evolved into many new forms today. Likewise, with the development of the anti-racial discrimination movements, I predict that the racial discrimination is a long-term and great historical issue to solve and the means of education is a good and effective plus long-term path to terminate the racial discrimination. Also, I hypothesize that making laws, combining all supports from people and government and creating equal job opportunities can be good and effective tools as well.


Reference
Blank, R.M. (2004). “Measuring Racial Discrimination”. (pp. 90-110). New York: National Academies Press.
Diaconu, I. (2010). “Racial Discrimination.” (pp. 55-83). Netherlands: Eleven International Publishing.
Frey, W. H. (2014). “Diversity Explosion: How New Racial Demographics are Remarking America.” (pp. 131-167). Washington: Brookings Institution.
Hacker, A. (2010). “Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal”. (p. 146). London: Scribner; Rep Sub.
Meeks, K. (2010). “Driving While Black: Highways, Shopping Malls, Taxi Cabs, Sidewalks: How to Fight Back if You Are a Victim of Racial Profiling .” (pp. 171-190). New York: Broadway Books.
Rose, P.I. (2014). “They and We: Racial and Ethnic Relations in the United States-And Beyond”. (pp. 200-220). New York: Paradigm.
Solanke, I. (2009). “Making Anti-Racial Discrimination Law”. (p. 112.) Washington: Routledge.


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