アルジェリア事件で浮き彫り、拡散するイスラム武装製力「アラブの春」あだ花か、対テロ戦争「第二幕」泪

特集ワイド:アルジェリア事件で浮き彫り、拡散するイスラム武装勢力　「アラブの春」あだ花か、対テロ戦争「第２幕」へ

毎日新聞　2013年02月01日　東京夕刊




仏軍が奪還したマリの都市コンナで、破壊されたイスラム過激派の車両と周囲を調べるマリ軍兵士＝２０１３年１月２６日、ロイター

拡大写真

　◇マリ巡り長期化−−アジア経済研究所アフリカ研究グループ長・武内進一さん

　◇開発後押し重要−−現代イスラム研究センター理事長・宮田律さん

　日本人１０人が死亡したアルジェリアの人質事件をきっかけに、イスラム武装勢力が中東から北・西アフリカ諸国へ拡散し活動を活発化させている実態が浮き彫りになった。フランスによるマリへの軍事介入は米国主導によるアフガニスタン、イラク戦争に続く対テロ戦争「第２幕」の幕開けなのか。アジア経済研究所の武内進一・アフリカ研究グループ長と現代イスラム研究センターの宮田律（おさむ）理事長に聞いた。【大槻英二】

　−−アルジェリア人質事件の実行グループ「イスラム聖戦士血盟団」は「（マリに軍事介入した）仏や西側諸国への報復だ」との犯行声明を出しました。狙いは政治的なものだったのでしょうか。

　武内さん　これまでも周辺地域では欧米人を狙った誘拐事件が頻発していましたが、今回はけた違いに規模が大きい。数カ月前から周到に準備して、仏が軍事介入したタイミングをとらえ、自分たちの主張を宣伝する格好の機会として実行したのではないか。誘拐して身代金を稼ぐというこれまでの活動とは違って、今回は政治的主張を広めるために自分たちも死を覚悟して突撃するという９・１１米同時多発テロに近い作戦だったと思われます。



現代イスラム研究センター理事長の宮田律さん

拡大写真

　−−事件の首謀者として「第二のビンラディン」のようなモフタール・ベルモフタール司令官という男が登場しました。何者？

　宮田さん　アルジェリア出身で、９０年代前半に内戦下のアフガニスタンに渡った後、帰国して活動を始めた、国際テロ組織アルカイダ系武装勢力「イスラム・マグレブ諸国のアルカイダ（ＡＱＩＭ）」の元幹部です。マリ北部を拠点に麻薬や武器の取引で資金を稼ぎ、たばこの密売にも手を染めていることから「ミスター・マールボロ」と呼ばれています。

　武内さん　西アフリカは近年、麻薬が中南米から欧州に流れる密売ルートの中継地点となっています。もともとイスラム過激派への民衆の支持が高い地域ではありませんが、国家の統治能力が弱いため、中東や北アフリカから入り込んだイスラム過激派が麻薬取引や身代金を資金源に少人数でも影響力を持ててしまう状況があります。

　　■

　−−なぜイスラム武装勢力の活動がサハラ砂漠周辺の北・西アフリカ諸国で活発化しているのですか。
.

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関連写真特集






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Taliban Gun Diwb Girl Who Spole Ip for Rights

Malala is Alive!


Class Dismissed: A 2009 documentary by Adam B. Ellick profiled Malala Yousafzai, a Pakistani girl whose school was shut down by the Taliban. Ms. Yousafzai was shot by a gunman on Tuesday.

By DECLAN WALSH

Published: October 9, 2012


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KARACHI, Pakistan — At the age of 11, Malala Yousafzai took on the Taliban by giving voice to her dreams. As turbaned fighters swept through her town in northwestern Pakistan in 2009, the tiny schoolgirl spoke out about her passion for education — she wanted to become a doctor, she said — and became a symbol of defiance against Taliban subjugation.



Related

The Lede Blog: Pakistani Activist, 14, Is Shot by Taliban (October 9, 2012)


The Lede Blog: My ‘Small Video Star’ Fights for Her Life (October 9, 2012)



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Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Pakistani soldiers moved Malala Yousafzai, 14, to an army hospital in Peshawar after she was attacked by militants in the Swat Valley on Tuesday.




T. Mughal/European Pressphoto Agency

Malala Yousafzai




The New York Times

The attack on Malala Yousafzai occurred in Mingora, Swat Valley’s main town, when masked gunmen stopped a bus carrying schoolgirls who had just taken an exam.


On Tuesday, masked Taliban gunmen answered Ms. Yousafzai’s courage with bullets, singling out the 14-year-old on a bus filled with terrified schoolchildren, then shooting her in the head and neck. Two other girls were also wounded in the attack. All three survived, but late on Tuesday doctors said that Ms. Yousafzai was in critical condition at a hospital in Peshawar, with a bullet possibly lodged close to her brain.

A Taliban spokesman, Ehsanullah Ehsan, confirmed by phone that Ms. Yousafzai had been the target, calling her crusade for education rights an “obscenity.”

“She has become a symbol of Western culture in the area; she was openly propagating it,” Mr. Ehsan said, adding that if she survived, the militants would certainly try to kill her again. “Let this be a lesson.”

The Taliban’s ability to attack Pakistan’s major cities has waned in the past year. But in rural areas along the Afghan border, the militants have intensified their campaign to silence critics and impose their will.

That Ms. Yousafzai’s voice could be deemed a threat to the Taliban — that they could see a schoolgirl’s death as desirable and justifiable — was seen as evidence of both the militants’ brutality and her courage.

“She symbolizes the brave girls of Swat,” said Samar Minallah, a documentary filmmaker who has worked among Pashtun women. “She knew her voice was important, so she spoke up for the rights of children. Even adults didn’t have a vision like hers.”

Ms. Yousafzai came to public attention in 2009 as the Pakistani Taliban swept through Swat, a picturesque valley once famed for its music and tolerance and as a honeymoon destination.

Her father ran one of the last schools to defy Taliban orders to end female education. As an 11-year-old, Malala — named after a mythic female figure in Pashtun culture — wrote an anonymous blog documenting her experiences for the BBC. Later, she was the focus of documentaries by The New York Times and other media outlets.

“I had a terrible dream yesterday with military helicopters and the Taliban,” she wrote in one post titled “I Am Afraid.”

The school was eventually forced to close, and Ms. Yousafzai was forced to flee to Abbottabad, the town where Osama bin Laden was killed last year. Months later, in summer 2009, the Pakistani Army launched a sweeping operation against the Taliban that uprooted an estimated 1.2 million Swat residents.

The Taliban were sent packing, or so it seemed, as fighters and their commanders fled into neighboring districts or Afghanistan. An uneasy peace, enforced by a large military presence, settled over the valley.

Ms. Yousafzai grew in prominence, becoming a powerful voice for the rights of children. In 2011, she was nominated for the International Children’s Peace Prize. Later, Yousaf Raza Gilani, the prime minister at the time, awarded her Pakistan’s first National Youth Peace Prize.

Mature beyond her years, she recently changed her career aspiration to politics, friends said. In recent months, she led a delegation of children’s rights activists, sponsored by Unicef, that made presentations to provincial politicians in Peshawar.

“We found her to be very bold, and it inspired every one of us,” said another student in the group, Fatima Aziz, 15.

Ms. Minallah, the documentary maker, said, “She had this vision, big dreams, that she was going to come into politics and bring about change.”

That such a figure of wide-eyed optimism and courage could be silenced by Taliban violence was a fresh blow for Pakistan’s beleaguered progressives, who seethed with frustration and anger on Tuesday. “Come on, brothers, be REAL MEN. Kill a school girl,” one media commentator, Nadeem F. Paracha, said in an acerbic Twitter post.

In Parliament, Prime Minister Raja Pervez Ashraf urged his countrymen to battle the mind-set behind such attacks. “She is our daughter,” he said.

The attack was also a blow for the powerful military, which has long held out its Swat offensive as an example of its ability to conduct successful counterinsurgency operations. The army retains a tight grip over much of Swat. But that Tuesday’s shooting could take place in the center of Mingora, the valley’s largest town, offered evidence that the Taliban were creeping back.

“This is not a good sign,” Kamran Khan, the most senior government official in Swat, said by phone. “It’s very worrisome.”

The Swat Taliban are a subgroup of the wider Pakistani Taliban movement based in South Waziristan. Their leader, Maulvi Fazlullah, rose to prominence in 2007 through an FM radio station that espoused Islamist ideology.

After 2009, Maulvi Fazlullah and his senior commanders were pushed across the border into the Afghan provinces of Kunar and Nuristan, where Pakistani officials say they are still being sheltered — a source of growing tension between the Pakistani and Afghan governments.

But over the last year or so, small groups of Taliban guerrillas have slowly filtered back into Swat, where they have mounted hit-and-run attacks on community leaders deemed to have collaborated with the government.

On Aug. 3, a Taliban gunman shot and wounded Zahid Khan, the president of the local hoteliers association and a senior community leader, in Mingora. It was the third such attack in recent months, a senior official said.

The military has asserted control in Swat through a large military presence in the valleys and support for private tribal militias tasked with keeping the Taliban at bay. But soldiers have also been accused of human rights abuses, particularly after a leaked videotape in 2010 showed uniformed men apparently massacring Taliban prisoners.

In response to criticism, the army chief, Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, announced an inquiry into the shootings. An army spokesman said it was not yet complete.

Shah Rasool, the police chief in Swat, said that all roads leading out of Mingora had been barricaded and that more than 30 militant suspects had been detained.




Reporting was contributed by Sana ul Haq from Mingora, Pakistan; Ismail Khan from Peshawar, Pakistan; Ihsanullah Tipu Mehsud from Islamabad, Pakistan; and Zia ur-Rehman from Karachi.


This article has been revised to reflect the following correction:

Correction: October 9, 2012



An earlier version of the caption with the picture atop this article misidentified the city where Malala Yousafzai was attacked. It is Mingora, not Peshawar.







A version of this article appeared in print on October 10, 2012, on page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Taliban Gun Down a Girl Who Spoke Up for Rights.
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Yousafzai, Malala

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台灣全民為日本加油影片 / 廖小�潺製作

台灣全民為日本加油影片 / 廖小�潺製作

2013年1月31日 23:54 緊急地震速報 最終報】23時53分頃、茨城県北部を震源とする地震がありました。震源の深さは10km、地震の規模はM4.7、最大震度4と推定されています。観測震度が3以上の場合には改めてお知らせします。




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麓特派員(笑)より≡(（ 　´Д｀）／≡=地震！

みんな～

フラッシュバックとか恐怖あるけれど

＼(*⌒0⌒)♪って

いつも祈っているからね

世界中が応援してくれているし

味方は近くにいるからね＾＾

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「ちいむら」では２月１１日３月１０日（日曜日）予定に「復興支援デイ」を設けようと思っております


宮城から参加していた小学生が、３月３日（彼の誕生日）に麓の家に引っ越してきます


彼も含め、子どもたちと一緒にあらかじめケーキやお菓子を焼き


地元の方々の善意の品を集め


値段つけ、展示もし、募金箱も設置し


チラシも作成し、売上は全部被災地に送るというイベントです


子どもたちに「被災地で苦しんでおられる方々のことを考える日　＆　行動を起こす日」をしたいと思っております


もし、みなさまの手元に「これをその復興支援デイに使っても」という品がありましたら


是非ご協力お願いいたします


左サイドバーに「メッセージを送る」という欄がありますのでそちらか


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明日アップしますが、雪で大変な事態になっており

って言い訳ですが、ほぼ陸の孤島状態ですｗ

記録的な大雪　２０１３年

みなさま、クリック募金にご協力お願いいたします

別に自慢ではありませんので誤解していてほしくないのですが

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