Alfred's marketing strategy

下面51due教员组为大家整理一篇优秀的代写范文- Alfred's marketing strategy，供大家参考学习。这篇文章讲述的是作为全球规模上最有影响力的艺术品经销商之一，阿尔弗雷德（Alfred）在促进跨国家边界的艺术交流方面取得了杰出成就，仍然在现代社会中发挥着巨大影响。本文旨在从客观和客观的角度分析阿尔弗雷德的营销策略。具体来说，第一部分将简要介绍阿尔弗雷德（Alfred）的个人背景及其艺术使命。除此之外，本文的重点将放在分析阿尔弗雷德（Alfred）的促销策略以及通过与其他竞争对手比较其营销策略来评估他的方法。
Alfred's marketing strategy
As one of the most influential art dealers in the global scale, Alfred still exerts enormous influence in modern society because of his outstanding achievement in promoting artistic communication across national frontier. This essay aims to analyze Alfred’s marketing strategies, both critically and objectively. To be specific, there will be a brief introduction of Alfred’s individual background and his artistic mission in the first part. Along with that, the emphasis of this essay would be on the analysis of Alfred’s promotion strategies as well as the evaluation of his approaches by comparing his marketing strategies with other competitors.
Introduction of background information
Alfred Stieglitz, who was a well-known an American photographer, also contributed significantly to the art promotion in the western world. He had spent his life in living the Germany and the America during his childhood and adult period respectively, from which he was able to appreciate various styles of painting artworks in these different countries. Then, he realized that there was a need for him to build the communicating bridge among these artworks created under the different cultural soil (Rosenfeld, Paul & Harold, 1934). According to the illustration in his biography, it had been claimed that Alfred decided to devote himself to the popularization of diverse painting works across national and cultural barriers (Whelan, Richard & Alfred, 1995). This could reasonably explain why he spent huge time in working as an art dealer.
In fact, in the art history, Alfred is invariably regarded as a notable modern art promoter as he has made significant contribution to advertising European paintings throughout the American society (Berger, 2014; Rich, 2016). During his lifetime, he had established several galleries in different periods, where he exhibited both European and American artists’ works and sold them to the public as well. Hence, these galleries played a crucial role in enabling modern paintings to be introduced to the American customers. Most of these art galleries, actually, had been viewed as the vital places for facilitating the promotion of artworks in America. Thus, the establishment of such galleries could be a pivotal part of Alfred’s whole marketing strategy.
Analysis of marketing strategy
In terms of Alfred’s marketing strategies, it seems that there are two main features booting both the marketing efficiency and effectiveness. On the one hand, Alfred built a number of art galleries, in which he was able to create new relationships with both suppliers and customers. First of all, as mentioned before, the intension for Alfred to operate galleries is to recommend a wide style of artists and their artworks to the public. Specifically, he owned or operated several galleries during his lifetime, the most infusive one could be the “291” gallery (Leavell, 2013). From 1907 to 1917, Alfred spent a great deal of time in holding exhibitions and creating shows in the “291” gallery. Due to the diversity of artworks exhibited in Alfred’s shows, it was more likely to attract and meet customers for various social statuses. As (Daigle, 2015) pointed out, not only the celebrities could be his customers, but also the ordinary customers could obtain their favorite and affordable drawings in the shows held by Alfred. Such shows, therefore, could generate vast opportunities for Alfred to exploit potential customers among different social classes. In other words, those galleries served as an essential platform, where Alfred was able to develop and maintain his customer relationships. Meanwhile, the operation of his galleries also help him to enlarge the scope of his social networks, from which Alfred was able to meet substantial artists and collectors from diverse backgrounds. This view is based on the fact that many artists were interested in joining the Alfred’s shows because of the remarkable impacts of both the Alfred himself and his exhibitions at that time (Kohn, 2106). It is understandable for many artists, especially those young artists and newer practitioners, to desire to show their artworks in the Alfred’s gallery. After all, the influence of Alfred’s shows could advance the popularity and sales of their works a great deal. This could be similar to collectors. If they attempted to sell their collections, Alfred would be a primary choice for many of them since he was famous for promoting artworks to the whole society in his times. From this perspective, galleries should be treated as a valuable source in terms of helping Alfred developing new relationships with either artists or collectors.
On the other hand, being a professional photographer was also a strongly driving force behind the successful achievements achieves by Alfred working as an art dealer. This could be explained from two different perspectives. Firstly, Alfred tended to have considerable chances to interact with artists and cooperate with relevant art institutions as well. By building relationships with those artists, Alfred was able to learn the lastest trend of the art field and supply the public with their newest artworks as well. Likewise, Alfred’s career also provided him with more convenience and chances to develop relationships with related institutions, like auction houses and museums. The establishment of such relationships enabled Alfred to operate the artworks trading business with more choices and freedom.
Evaluation of Alfred’s marketing achievements
Compared with other famous art dealers in the modern art history, it seemed that there were both strong benefits and adverse outcomes accompanying Alfred’s marketing strategies. On the one hand, there was no doubt that a huge number of artists benefited from Alfred’s shows and exhibitions, in which they were able to enhance the popularity of their works. There was plenty of convincing evidence supporting this point. Take the Picasso as a typical example. Although Picasso had attaint a great level of artistic achievements in the Spanish ah that time, he was still faced with the frustrating fact that his works lacked influence in the American society (Barr, 1946). That was Alfred, who was the first art dealer to introduce Picasso’s drawings to the American public. That means that, Alfred made a significant achievement in helping Picasso open the American market. The similar situation also happened to other modern painters, such as Mary Cassatt, William Glackens, Robert Henri and James McNeill Whistler (Cohen, 2017). Hence, one of most evident advantages of Alfred’s achievement in the art dealer career was improving numerous artists’ fames and widened the market opportunities of their artworks as well.
On the other hand, it still need to be recognized that Alfred almost did not make any profit from selling artworks. For professional art dealers, in general, they usually could generate a certain amount of profits. At least, they were less likely to be confronted with the financial problems. However, Alfred could be viewed as an exceptional are dealer, who had experienced severely financial difficulties for several times. The underlying factors leading to such result could be his aims for working as an art dealer. As mentioned before, Alfred focused mainly on building the dialogue channels for artists with diversified backgrounds instead of making money from selling their works. Such feature obviously differentiated Alfred from most of other art dealers, whose primary purposes tended to maximize their profits. Therefore, Alfred‘s fundamental purpose of his marketing strategies restricted his profitable performance in the art dealer industry. Another contributing element for Alfred’s financial failure as an art dealer could be his obstinacy during the period of implementing his marketing strategies. Typically, art dealers should to adjust their promoting artworks flexibly so that they can better meet the demand of markets. Nevertheless, Alfred always choose to insist his own appreciation and private choice rather than taking customers’ needs and views into consideration. For instance, he invested tremendous investments in advertising O'Keeffe’s drawings, which put him at the center of being criticized and censured（Rich, 2016）. In spite of this, Alfred still persisted in exhibiting O'Keeffe’s shows and selling her paintings as well. Such stubbornness in his marketing promotion adversely prevented him from generating considerable profits from selling artworks operations. As a result, Alfred failed to gain his personal wealthy for being an art dealer, which could be a frustrating result of his marketing strategies.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is a plain fact that Alfred is one of the most outstanding art dealers in the art history. There could be both the valued and valuable experience from analyzing his marketing strategies. For instance, Alfred boosted the efficiency and validness of his marketing approaches through building art galleries, which also exerted important impacts on increasing many artists’ marketing influence. Meanwhile, his career of being an influential photogragher also help him create more chances to build and maintain relationships with artists and museums. On the other hand, it should be realized that there was lack of flexibility in the Alfred’s marketing strategies, which resulted in his financial difficulties because of his ignorance of customers’ demands.
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A brief analysis of male medical chemistry

下面51due教员组为大家整理一篇优秀的代写范文- A brief analysis of male medical chemistry，供大家参考学习。这篇文章讲述的是几十年来，性医学化已成为医学领域的主要趋势。通过医疗，可以更好地，更有效地解决许多以前无法解决的问题。但是，在某些情况下，性问题被夸大以为某些医疗和外科行业带来收入。在本文中，将讨论针对男性性功能障碍问题的男性性医学化问题。现代社会的许多男性所经历的这种状况确实在心理上是毁灭性的，并且可能不利于夫妻的关系。但是，该问题的医学化方法值得怀疑。
A brief analysis of male medical chemistry
The medicalization of sexuality has been a major trend in the medical field in recent decades. Through medicalization many of the problems that used to be unspoken of are better and more efficiently solved. However, there are also cases where the sexual problem is exaggerated to generate revenue for certain medical and surgical industries. In this article the issue of medicalization of male sexuality targeting the male sexual dysfunction problem will be discussed. The condition, experienced by many males of the modern society, is indeed psychologically devastating and can be detrimental for the couple’s relationships. However, the medicalization approaches of the problem are questionable.
The concept of male sexual dysfunction, or erectile dysfunction specifically, is only established in recent decades. The word “impotence” used to be the generalization of a wide range of male sexual dysfunctions. With the medicalization of male sexuality, the definitions of related problem become more systematic and detailed. As the most frequently encountered sexual problem by males, “male erectile disorder” is defined as: “Persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate erection (Bass, 2001).” It should be noted that the term “sexual activity” contains multiple sexual activities, however, it is often interpreted in a singular fashion by the forces of medicalization. With can be misleading for the public.
The restriction of the definitions of male sexual dysfunction to only sexual performance and intercourse is an effective form of social control. In the propaganda of products such as sildenafil (Viagra), the definition of sex becomes much less emotional and humane and more functional and mechanic (Bass, 2001). The invention of such sexual performance aider drugs is described as miraculous medical breakthroughs that help millions, which is far from the truth. In the fast-paced society, the industry is trying to sell to the people a much faster and efficient solution to the sexual dysfunction, through medicalization of the problem. Sexual desire, or passion is no longer mentioned in any of the promotions, despite the fact that the majority of the sexual dysfunction problems have nothing to do with the “plumbing”.
In addition to the ways how the definition of the problems is interpreted, the problem of sexual dysfunction is also dramatized and over-exaggerated in the medicalization process. There has been research on the number of males suffering from the erectile dysfunction problem in the US, which is estimated to be as high as 30 million (Rosen, 1996). However, these studies fail to show the relevance of age in the problem. As the problem is highly related with age, it is only a nature process that some of the problems should occur. Through medicalization, a condition that is not life-threatening, is described as the major disturbances for most of the males. On the other hand, the psychological research area is getting much less attention that it’s supposed to.
The institutions involved in the medicalization of male sexual problems are the medical researchers and their founders, mostly from the sexual performance perfection industry. The huge amount of revenue for the industry is the major motivation of the medicalization. In addition to sales of the performance enhancement pills, many hospitals offer “quick fix” solutions to avoid the psychological treatment approaches, which take much longer (Rosen, 1996). The preference of medical and surgical approaches to the psychological ones is also attributed to the doctors and medical specialists (such as urologists and vascular surgeons), in the diagnosis and treatment processes of the disorder (Rosen, 1996).
It is a common misconception for men that sexual intercourse is a process that is more on the physical than the psychological side, and the medicalization of the male sexuality is making the problem worse. By feeding ideas to the public such as sexual performance being the dominant factor in satisfying sexual experiences, the quick solution is sold not only in the US, but also worldwide. From the analysis, restriction of the definition of sexual activity and exaggeration of the problem are the main problems of social control that emerged in the medicalization. It is important that the medicalization of male sexuality shift its focus to the mental and physical health of males, instead of always seeking for solutions from the performance perfection industry.
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The brutal darkness of the First World War

下面51due教员组为大家整理一篇优秀的代写范文- The brutal darkness of the First World War，供大家参考学习。这篇文章讲述的是爱国宣言是，战争是勇气，荣耀和荣誉的代表，在第一次世界大战期间，绝大多数人认为战争是光荣的。大多数人只知道战场上那些英雄的魅力和荣耀，不知道那些英雄们在战争中遭受的苦难。但是，查尔斯·耶鲁·哈里森（Charles Yale Harrison）强有力地反战的小说《卧床将军》（Dead in Die）掩盖了战争的野蛮现实，无论其军事胜利如何。战争不是光荣的事业，而是充满阴暗残酷的令人冷酷和恐怖的恐怖活动，可以从军事生活和战trench的恐怖，士兵与将军之间的不平等以及文明的下降中看出。
The brutal darkness of the First World War
Introduction
Patriotic proclamation has it that war is the representation of courage, glory and honor and the great majority of people regard war as glorious during the period of World War I. And most people only know the glamour and glory of those heroes in the battlefield while people do not know the sufferings those heroes have experienced when they fight in the war. However, Generals Die in Bed, a powerfully anti-war novel by Charles Yale Harrison, belies the war’s savage realities regardless of its military victories. War is not a glorious endeavor but instead it is quite chilling and horrible full of dark brutalities, which can be seen from the horrors of military life and trench warfare, the inequality between the soldiers and the generals as well as the descent of civilization.
Dark Brutalities of World War I
The dark brutalities of war can be firstly suggested by the horrors of military life and trench warfare of those soldiers fighting on the Western Front. As a matter of fact, the realities of life in the trenches can be described as bloody, brutal, shattering and ugly and it is quite unbearable for those soldiers. To put it more specifically, the living conditions in France for those soldiers are unsanitary and they are exposed to gigantic rats, lice, poison gas and flesh-rotting rainfalls. Just take the lice as an example, Harrison states that “We are supposed to be resting, but rest is impossible; we are being eaten alive by lice. We cannot sleep for them. We sit and talk, and dig feverishly in our chests, under our arms, between our legs. Our rambling conversation is interrupted by sharp little cracks as we crush the vermin between our thumbnails. A tiny drop of blood spurts in one’s face as they are crushed” (Harrison, Chapter 2), from which the inability for the soldiers to rest can be easily detected. Harrison uses first person to narrate and he is narrating in such a detail that the audience can even get a clear picture about the rage of lice. Soldiers will undoubtedly be exhausted and used-up due to their fighting in the battlefield and how fervent they desire for a rest can be unconsciously identified. Rest is very important toward the ordinary people that do not participate in the war, let alone those soldiers who fight with all their might. Apart from that, Harrison has claimed the havoc of rats and lice is the nightmare of those soldiers at the same time, which can be seen from the sentences that “The same rats, fat and sleek with their corpse-filled bellies, the same gleaming gimlet eyes. The same lice which we carry with us wherever we go. In and out, in and out, endlessly, sweating, endlessly, endlessly…”(Harrison, Chapter 4). These sentences have involved in the use of several “the same” and the repeated use of “in and out” and “endlessly” can all enable us to know that those rats and lice are with the soldiers all the time no matter where they are and they can not get themselves rid of the bothering from those unpleasant rats and lice.
Moreover, the dark brutalities of war can also be embodied via the inequality between the soldiers and the generals. Detailed speaking, the soldiers have to undergo countless unimaginable sufferings in the trench including emptiness, horrific deaths, hunger lice, mud, rats, etc. and they may even die in the trench in the end. But what is different for the generals is that they are not fighting in the front and they only know the war on maps, leading their being able to die in the bed. In order to better illustrate the inequity between the soldiers and the generals, Harrison uses cynicism to show the differences between the treatment toward the soldiers and the generals. As for the soldiers, “It is months since we have been out of clothes. We talk of the last time we slept between sheets. A flood of reminiscences begins. Brown forgets his hatred for Clark for the moment and rhapsodizes over his last night in a real bed” (Harrison, Chapter 3), from which we can know that it is rare for the soldiers to sleep in the bed when they are fighting in the trench. In the opposite, the generals do not come to the front very often and they know little about the war, “Yeah, but do the generals know it, that’s what I wanna know. / Better write’ em a letter about it. They might forget the date” (Harrison, Chapter 6). Reading this, it is quite ridiculous that the generals do not take part in the war themselves in the front and they even forget the date. What is more cynic can be predicted from the expressions that “Oh, the generals have a bloody good time fifty miles behind the line” (Harrison, Chapter 7) and that “God, no. Generals die in bed” (Harrison, Chapter 7), which has indicated that the generals are not only far away from the frontline and they are able to die in bed. Obviously, the use of cynicism has vividly depicted the differences between the generals and the soldiers so that the dark brutalities of war can be readily predicted.
Last but not the least comes that the descent of civilization can as well powerfully justify for the dark brutalities of war. The descent of civilization can be understood by the fact that what the soldiers care most about is their personal survival but not the glory the war can bring in the due time. Those soldiers have to deal with their meals in the trench on their own and the sentence that “We find a piece of hard, moldy bread- we share it among ourselves and eat it” (Harrison, Chapter 11) shows that it is hard for them to feed themselves. From what has been experienced by those soldiers in the trench, the existence of dehumanization can be deeply felt in that those soldiers have actually been seen as the tools to bring glory while they have to struggle in a barbaric and senseless war. There is no doubt the descent of civilization can help claim the dark brutalities of war, which suggests that the war should be prevented to a certain degree.
Conclusion
To sum up, a reasonable conclusion can be drawn that there is no glamour and glory in war but endless dark brutalities within it. Thus a fair knowledge can be obtained that people should spare no efforts to prevent the incidence of war in whatever possible way so that the soldiers have no need to suffer from the war in the due time. It is hoped that a peaceful world without war can be formed due to the joint efforts of people all over the world.
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A discussion among West Virginia coal miners

下面51due教员组为大家整理一篇优秀的代写范文- A discussion among West Virginia coal miners，供大家参考学习。这篇文章讲述的是工人阶级可能正在从事地球上最艰苦的工作。他们恶劣的工作和生活环境也受到了弗吉尼亚州歌手和作家布鲁斯·霍恩斯比和安·潘基奇的关注。在布鲁斯·霍恩斯比（Bruce Hornsby）和潘奇（Pancake）的《奇怪的天气》这首歌中，“看着外面的窗户”描绘了一群在西弗吉尼亚州工作的不同行业工人的情感和生活。在本文中，将参考后殖民主义理论和马克思主义理论来讨论对西弗吉尼亚州工人和煤矿工人的强加和统治。
A discussion among West Virginia coal miners
Working class may be taking some of the most hard jobs on the earth. Their poor working and living environment is also receiving attention from Bruce Hornsby and Ann Pancake, a singer and writer of Virginia. In the song “Look Out Any Window” by Bruce Hornsby and Pancake’s Strange As This Weather Has Been, it depicts the emotions and life of a group of workers of different trades working at a in West Virginia. In this article, it is to have a discussion of imposition and domination over workers and coal miners of West Virginia with a reference to the theory of postcolonialism and Marxist Theory.

In this song, there is a strong expression of hard life of workers by exploring a lot of different life by looking out some different windows. They see “ a man working in a field”, and “man working on a boat pulling lines from the water just trying to stay afloat, ohh” etc (Hornsby, 2003). For those workers in Virginia, those life are something that have never been easy. According to Marxism proposed by Marx, individual’s lives are decided by their economic situation and circumstances (“Marxist Thought and Theory”). The hard life on the sea is forming a sharp contrast with the blue sky above his head and plenty of fresh breath. Also, the dark life and underground working environment of coal miners of Virginia is also alarming. In Ann Pancake’s novel, it reflects a large number of mining in West Virginia, its consequence of leading to the destruction of the environment and hard life of coal miners. In addition to common fatal accidents caused by the release of gas and collision, there is the big damage to the health of workers from the underground environment full of moisture, noise and dust. Usually in the underground, coal miners can not even hear each other to speak, and when those people come out from the underground coal mine, they are black. In the period of colonialism, the colonial state was controlled by the imperialist sovereign in all aspects of the political, economic, social, and cultural aspect. But in the new period, postcolonialism as a kind of colonialism in the new era still prevailing, making some people get still unable to have autonomy in terms of political, economic and cultural aspects before the powerful side. Just as the imposition of the dominant class over working people in the Appalachian coal region is all part of colonization(“Literary Theory #1: Postcolonialism”). Thus, it is no wonder that workers live a bitter life.

More importantly, this song also expressed a acceptance of their life and lack of awareness of coal miners to fight against domination of coal miners in Virginia. According to the Marxist critic, it is rare for the working class to always recognize the system of domination in which they have been suppressed(“Marxist Thought and Theory”). They just live their life as they are supposed to live in such manner and become submissive before it. This can be seen from the appearance of repeated lines---“Close their eyes”. Although there is hard work of farmers who is working in a field, seamen who bent so hard to fish, etc, the song ended with “Close their eyes” with a rather submissive tone. This kinds of powerlessness of life determined by the economic situation is also explored in the novel Strange As This Weather Has Been. However, the working class can not afford to stop them facing pressure and rule of the ruling class(Pancake, 2007). The economic situation of coal miners in Virginia is controlled by the owners of coal mine. This lack of freedom and feature of domination of capitalists determines their powerlessness in the choice of their life and improvement of working environment. In addition, there is a reason behind such phenomenon. It is about the art of ruling the dominated class. The ruling class is good at using its power to make the unfair system seem to be natural logical(“Marxist Thought and Theory”). Just as the lines of Look Out Any Window expressed “ The rules so secretly” and “Far away, too many leaders”(Hornsby, 2003). This submissiveness of coal miners reinforces the system of postcolonialism further.

To sum up, poor situation of workers and coal miner reveals that there is still postcolonialism existed widely in the America in the form of imposition from brutal and ruthless capitalists.
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