下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- America's energy independence，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的能源独立。在上世纪70年代，中东战争引发了第一次世界石油危机，从保障美国能源安全考虑，美国总统首次提出美国“能源独立”的设想。作为国家的长期战略目标，此后历届美国政府，都将“能源独立”当作一种历史使命，采取不同方法，从不同角度，积极付诸实践。美国“能源独立”的核心是充分利用国内、国外有利条件，建设一个有利于美国的能源安全保障体系。
The core of U.S. energy independence is to make full use of domestic and foreign advantages to build an energy security system that benefits the United States, from which China can draw useful lessons. In recent years, due to the success of shale gas, shale oil and other unconventional oil and gas exploration and development, new breakthroughs have been made in the research and development of new energy technologies. The comprehensive energy self-sufficiency rate of the United States has increased from 69% in 2005 to 81% in 2011, and new progress has been made in promoting the "energy independence" strategy of the United States, which has attracted extensive attention at home and abroad.
The United States is the country that consumes the most energy per capita in the world. Although it is rich in resources, it is not self-sufficient and completely independent in terms of its current situation. Energy consumption in the United States is dominated by oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear power, and hydropower, supplemented by liquid fuels converted from solar energy and some biomass. According to the 2012 new energy outlook released by the us energy information administration, coal and electricity in the us were completely self-sufficient in energy consumption in 2011, among which coal accounted for 22.1% of the us primary energy consumption and 8.9% of the total output. Nuclear and hydro power are 100% self-sufficient. Natural gas self-sufficiency is rising, to 93.6% in 2011, with only a small amount imported from Canada. In 2011, the United States consumed 833.6 million tons of crude oil and produced 282.1 million tons of crude oil. Together with other liquid fuels, it produced 72.2 million tons of crude oil. The self-sufficiency rate was 41.3%.
The United States is the world's oil and gas resources development, the use of earlier countries. Most of the conventional oil and gas fields are in the late stage of development, and the production space of the old fields is limited. The us has 2.833bn tonnes of proven remaining recoverable oil reserves, matching China's 2.7bn tonnes, according to the latest data from the us geological survey. Such a resource base cannot support the us to achieve self-sufficiency in crude oil production. Even with new discoveries in the gulf of Mexico and Alaska, it will be difficult to produce more than 500 million tons of oil a year, the highest in U.S. history. Therefore, it is unrealistic, at least for the time being, for the United States to achieve 100 percent "energy independence," especially in terms of oil supply, independent of the international market and completely self-sufficient.
Although it seems impossible to achieve "energy independence" at present, the United States still sticks to the goal of "energy independence", which is the strategic thinking and vision of Americans. Strategic goals are formulated in accordance with the needs of strategic development. Failure to achieve them for the time being does not mean failure in the future.
The "energy independence" of the United States is not proposed today. Back in the 1970s, the Middle East war triggered the first world oil crisis. In order to ensure the energy security of the United States, President Nixon put forward the idea of "energy independence" of the United States for the first time. As the long-term strategic goal of the country, successive American governments have since taken "energy independence" as a historical mission, adopted different methods and actively put it into practice from different perspectives.
The success of us shale gas development is a case in point: the us drilled its first shale gas well in 1821, 38 years before the first well. Because the technology was not up to scratch and could not be exploited industrially, the development of gas was put on hold and conventional oil was developed instead. Until Nixon proposed "energy independence," people realized that as a large energy consumer, it was not safe to rely too much on imports, so they began to tackle technological challenges and try to enter the field of unconventional oil and gas. Since then, for more than 40 years, successive us administrations have used policy levers to leverage the energy market and encourage companies to invest in unconventional oil and gas. We will encourage technological innovation and vigorously develop practical new technologies. We will make overall plans for the construction of the basic pipeline network and gradually improve the investment environment. Under the leadership of the government, we will improve the market supervision mechanism, strengthen supervision, and promote coordinated development of resources development, energy conservation and emission reduction, and environmental protection. To ensure the safety of oil and gas supply in the United States by making sure that resources can be replaced, supply can be guaranteed, energy conservation measures can be taken and risks can be controlled.
As can be seen from the development history of the oil and gas industry in the United States, the essential meaning of "energy independence" in the United States does not mean that the energy supply of the United States is completely independent and dependent on itself, forming a closed self-circulation economic circle, but a strategic goal and a guiding ideology. Its core is to make full use of domestic and foreign advantages to build an energy security system that benefits the United States. The specific content includes based on the domestic market, strengthen the exploration and development of local resources, increase the local supply, reduce the excessive dependence on foreign imports of oil supply; Encourage energy conservation and efficiency improvement, reduce energy consumption per unit and improve energy efficiency; We will develop new technologies, vigorously develop new and clean sources of energy, optimize the energy mix, and enhance China's capacity for energy substitution. We will strengthen energy diplomacy, build and consolidate international markets conducive to securing U.S. oil supplies, and safeguard the national interests of the United States.
The increase of energy self-sufficiency in the United States and the reduction of oil imports have increased the proportion of natural gas in the primary energy consumption, not only improving the energy consumption structure, reducing pollution and improving the environmental quality, but also ensuring the supply and lowering the price of natural gas. At $1.90 per million British thermal units, the price of natural gas in America is about a third of that in Europe and an eighth of that in Asia. Such a low natural gas price will surely strengthen the inherent power of the us economic recovery and create favorable conditions for the us to resume manufacturing and revitalize the real economy. Increasing energy self-sufficiency, reducing imports of crude oil and natural gas, and reducing the energy trade deficit are bound to reduce the financial pressure on the United States, which is conducive to the economic recovery of the United States. As many as 350,000 jobs could be added to the U.S. petrochemical industry simply because of lower natural gas prices and higher operating rates.
We will promote new changes in the international oil and gas market landscape, and the trend toward greater regionalization. The United States will increase its energy self-sufficiency and reduce the amount of oil imported from the Middle East. It will no longer make great efforts to directly control the oil sales channels in the Middle East and other oil-producing regions, as it did in the past. As a result, oil-producing countries will have more opportunities to contact Oriental demand countries such as China, India, Japan and South Korea, and the international oil consumption market will gradually move eastward. The United States pursues the strategy of "energy independence", which actually magnifies the geopolitical relationship. There are virtually three sectors in the international market. Second, it is a European supply and demand zone with the oil-producing countries in Russia, north sea, north Africa and central Asia as the main force and the eu member states as the consumption objects. Third, the west coast of the Pacific is likely to form the Middle East, central Asia, southeast Asia and the Asia supply and demand zone with China, Japan, South Korea and India as the consumption centers. Of course, not because of the plate and the fragmentation of the global market integration pattern. However, under the influence of the "energy independence" strategy of the United States, it is inevitable that the future international market will form a region with a focus on supply and demand.
American natural gas export may impact the pricing model of international natural gas market. Due to transportation barriers, there is no uniform international price for natural gas sales. Due to the different consumption levels in different regions, the prices are all set in the regional market. With the gradual maturity of LNG production technology and the formation of large-scale production, the natural gas resource countries represented by Russia advocate that the price of natural gas should be linked to the international oil price, and the price of natural gas and LNG will increase day by day. Driven by the strategic thought of "energy independence", the natural gas industry in the United States develops very fast and the price is very low. Once a large number of exports are made, the pricing model that the price is linked to the price of crude oil is bound to be impacted, which has a significant impact on the pattern of the international natural gas market.
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The core of U.S. energy independence is to make full use of domestic and foreign advantages to build an energy security system that benefits the United States, from which China can draw useful lessons. In recent years, due to the success of shale gas, shale oil and other unconventional oil and gas exploration and development, new breakthroughs have been made in the research and development of new energy technologies. The comprehensive energy self-sufficiency rate of the United States has increased from 69% in 2005 to 81% in 2011, and new progress has been made in promoting the "energy independence" strategy of the United States, which has attracted extensive attention at home and abroad.
The United States is the country that consumes the most energy per capita in the world. Although it is rich in resources, it is not self-sufficient and completely independent in terms of its current situation. Energy consumption in the United States is dominated by oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear power, and hydropower, supplemented by liquid fuels converted from solar energy and some biomass. According to the 2012 new energy outlook released by the us energy information administration, coal and electricity in the us were completely self-sufficient in energy consumption in 2011, among which coal accounted for 22.1% of the us primary energy consumption and 8.9% of the total output. Nuclear and hydro power are 100% self-sufficient. Natural gas self-sufficiency is rising, to 93.6% in 2011, with only a small amount imported from Canada. In 2011, the United States consumed 833.6 million tons of crude oil and produced 282.1 million tons of crude oil. Together with other liquid fuels, it produced 72.2 million tons of crude oil. The self-sufficiency rate was 41.3%.
The United States is the world's oil and gas resources development, the use of earlier countries. Most of the conventional oil and gas fields are in the late stage of development, and the production space of the old fields is limited. The us has 2.833bn tonnes of proven remaining recoverable oil reserves, matching China's 2.7bn tonnes, according to the latest data from the us geological survey. Such a resource base cannot support the us to achieve self-sufficiency in crude oil production. Even with new discoveries in the gulf of Mexico and Alaska, it will be difficult to produce more than 500 million tons of oil a year, the highest in U.S. history. Therefore, it is unrealistic, at least for the time being, for the United States to achieve 100 percent "energy independence," especially in terms of oil supply, independent of the international market and completely self-sufficient.
Although it seems impossible to achieve "energy independence" at present, the United States still sticks to the goal of "energy independence", which is the strategic thinking and vision of Americans. Strategic goals are formulated in accordance with the needs of strategic development. Failure to achieve them for the time being does not mean failure in the future.
The "energy independence" of the United States is not proposed today. Back in the 1970s, the Middle East war triggered the first world oil crisis. In order to ensure the energy security of the United States, President Nixon put forward the idea of "energy independence" of the United States for the first time. As the long-term strategic goal of the country, successive American governments have since taken "energy independence" as a historical mission, adopted different methods and actively put it into practice from different perspectives.
The success of us shale gas development is a case in point: the us drilled its first shale gas well in 1821, 38 years before the first well. Because the technology was not up to scratch and could not be exploited industrially, the development of gas was put on hold and conventional oil was developed instead. Until Nixon proposed "energy independence," people realized that as a large energy consumer, it was not safe to rely too much on imports, so they began to tackle technological challenges and try to enter the field of unconventional oil and gas. Since then, for more than 40 years, successive us administrations have used policy levers to leverage the energy market and encourage companies to invest in unconventional oil and gas. We will encourage technological innovation and vigorously develop practical new technologies. We will make overall plans for the construction of the basic pipeline network and gradually improve the investment environment. Under the leadership of the government, we will improve the market supervision mechanism, strengthen supervision, and promote coordinated development of resources development, energy conservation and emission reduction, and environmental protection. To ensure the safety of oil and gas supply in the United States by making sure that resources can be replaced, supply can be guaranteed, energy conservation measures can be taken and risks can be controlled.
As can be seen from the development history of the oil and gas industry in the United States, the essential meaning of "energy independence" in the United States does not mean that the energy supply of the United States is completely independent and dependent on itself, forming a closed self-circulation economic circle, but a strategic goal and a guiding ideology. Its core is to make full use of domestic and foreign advantages to build an energy security system that benefits the United States. The specific content includes based on the domestic market, strengthen the exploration and development of local resources, increase the local supply, reduce the excessive dependence on foreign imports of oil supply; Encourage energy conservation and efficiency improvement, reduce energy consumption per unit and improve energy efficiency; We will develop new technologies, vigorously develop new and clean sources of energy, optimize the energy mix, and enhance China's capacity for energy substitution. We will strengthen energy diplomacy, build and consolidate international markets conducive to securing U.S. oil supplies, and safeguard the national interests of the United States.
The increase of energy self-sufficiency in the United States and the reduction of oil imports have increased the proportion of natural gas in the primary energy consumption, not only improving the energy consumption structure, reducing pollution and improving the environmental quality, but also ensuring the supply and lowering the price of natural gas. At $1.90 per million British thermal units, the price of natural gas in America is about a third of that in Europe and an eighth of that in Asia. Such a low natural gas price will surely strengthen the inherent power of the us economic recovery and create favorable conditions for the us to resume manufacturing and revitalize the real economy. Increasing energy self-sufficiency, reducing imports of crude oil and natural gas, and reducing the energy trade deficit are bound to reduce the financial pressure on the United States, which is conducive to the economic recovery of the United States. As many as 350,000 jobs could be added to the U.S. petrochemical industry simply because of lower natural gas prices and higher operating rates.
We will promote new changes in the international oil and gas market landscape, and the trend toward greater regionalization. The United States will increase its energy self-sufficiency and reduce the amount of oil imported from the Middle East. It will no longer make great efforts to directly control the oil sales channels in the Middle East and other oil-producing regions, as it did in the past. As a result, oil-producing countries will have more opportunities to contact Oriental demand countries such as China, India, Japan and South Korea, and the international oil consumption market will gradually move eastward. The United States pursues the strategy of "energy independence", which actually magnifies the geopolitical relationship. There are virtually three sectors in the international market. Second, it is a European supply and demand zone with the oil-producing countries in Russia, north sea, north Africa and central Asia as the main force and the eu member states as the consumption objects. Third, the west coast of the Pacific is likely to form the Middle East, central Asia, southeast Asia and the Asia supply and demand zone with China, Japan, South Korea and India as the consumption centers. Of course, not because of the plate and the fragmentation of the global market integration pattern. However, under the influence of the "energy independence" strategy of the United States, it is inevitable that the future international market will form a region with a focus on supply and demand.
American natural gas export may impact the pricing model of international natural gas market. Due to transportation barriers, there is no uniform international price for natural gas sales. Due to the different consumption levels in different regions, the prices are all set in the regional market. With the gradual maturity of LNG production technology and the formation of large-scale production, the natural gas resource countries represented by Russia advocate that the price of natural gas should be linked to the international oil price, and the price of natural gas and LNG will increase day by day. Driven by the strategic thought of "energy independence", the natural gas industry in the United States develops very fast and the price is very low. Once a large number of exports are made, the pricing model that the price is linked to the price of crude oil is bound to be impacted, which has a significant impact on the pattern of the international natural gas market.
想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里，51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务，为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。
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