本篇paper代写- British political system讨论了英国的政治制度。英国作为资本主义国家，在历史发展中形成了其独特的君主立宪制的政治制度，并且英国政治制度有它自身的特点，这种政治制度的形成也有其特殊的政治文化的影响。英国的自由主义传统使得人民享有国家的主权，同时君主的权力受到法律的限制。英国人崇尚自由主义的传统也缔造了独具特色的政治制度。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。
As a long-established capitalist country, Britain has formed its unique constitutional monarchy political system in the historical development, and the British political system has its own characteristics, and the formation of this political system also has its special political culture influence. On the basis of a brief description of the British political system, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the British political system and the cultural factors that contribute to its emergence.
As an old capitalist country, Britain used its technology and culture to bring the impact of atomic bomb to the whole world. As an independent island, Britain has the natural barrier of sea with other continents, which creates a superior geographical environment for Britain and avoids frequent wars, so that it can have sufficient time to expand itself. The first industrial revolution, marked by the invention of the steam engine, boosted productivity sharply, while Britain had a strong navy, and its narrow domestic market forced it on the path of colonial expansion. At a time when European religious institutions and feudal fiefdoms were rampant, they had established a distinctive judicial jury system and a local management system; When European feudal authoritarianism was generally strengthened, they launched the bourgeois revolution to destroy the foundation of feudalism.
To understand the British constitutional monarchy, you need to understand the British constitution. Most scholars admit that Britain has a constitution, but has its own characteristics. Unlike most countries, Britain is not compiled into a legal document, but consists of scattered constitutional laws, practices and so on. Foreign scholars call it "unwritten constitution" "flexible constitution". Only on the basis of understanding the constitution can we have a deeper understanding of the British political system.
Parliament, as an important organization in Britain, has gradually formed the principle of "parliament is supreme" in the long history. The British parliament is made up of the king, the house of lords and the house of Commons. The parliament and cabinet, though powerful, consisted of the king, the house of lords, and the house of Commons, the only aristocratic political institution in the major western countries. The king had no real power, and the house of lords, which represented the aristocracy, and the house of Commons, which represented the republic, moved from the house of lords to the house of Commons after a long struggle. The power of British parliament mainly includes four aspects, which are legislative power, financial supervision power, administrative supervision power and judicial power. The house of lords has the exclusive jurisdiction to hear the cases of the aristocracy and the impeachment of the house of Commons. By law, the legislative and supervisory powers of government finance and administration are vested in the house of Commons. The act of parliament of 1911 affirmed the political predominance of the house of Commons, as a rule the prime minister must come from the house of Commons, and cabinet members are rarely held by aristocrats.
No draft law in Britain is officially published until it is passed by the upper and lower houses and approved by the king. Britain has different legislative processes for different bills.
Government bills. After full investigation and study, it is drafted by the government ministers and approved by the cabinet, and submitted by the government to the house of Commons for the initiative. The house of Commons is read first, second and third, and finally approved by the king as an authoritative law. The draft bill, which has been considered by the house of Commons, will also be submitted to the house of lords through the same process of first reading, second reading and third reading.
It was proposed by backbenchers who did not serve in the government and also went through three readings. Private lawmakers' bills are difficult to pass, and its deliberations are complex. There are usually three ways to propose a bill: draw lots, do not draw lots, and the ten-minute rule. While private MPS 'bills are hard to get through parliament, there are successful cases, such as the 1965 murder case, the 1967 abortion law and the 1969 divorce law.
A bill that involves private, community and local interests and is sponsored by private individuals. Its deliberations are the same as those of government bills, which played an important role in Britain at a particular time in history, but are now rarely legislated on private bills.
The first is the approval of public spending, which includes both annual legislative and "uniform funding". The latter includes annual royal salaries, interest on government bonds, the salary of the speaker of the house of Commons and the leader of the opposition. Second, approve the tax plan and determine the tax plan according to the country's actual economic situation. Britain's watchdog, which has a public accounts committee, the auditor-general and the Treasury, closely monitors Britain's finances.
The British monarchy has undergone a long process of evolution, some brilliant, some declining, once abolished, and once restored and transformed. In this long process of development, the British political system has its unique characteristics.
Traditional monarchy and democracy have different meanings. Monarchy usually refers to the rule of the monarch, while democracy refers to the rule of the majority. In theory, there is no state that can be ruled by both the monarch and the general public. In the British political system, although the king is retained, in the actual politics, the monarch is only a symbolic head with no actual power. The role of the king is reflected in the government's policies and laws to be enacted through the king before they can be implemented, and the implementation of policies and laws should also be under the supervision of the king. For example, the two countries signed a treaty, declared the beginning and end of the war and appointed prime ministers.
On the other hand, these policies are not decided and enacted by the king alone, but by the parliament or the cabinet. The lower house of parliament is elected by the people and the cabinet is elected by the people. The cabinet is responsible to the parliament and is the representative of the people. Therefore, the British constitutional political system is a perfect combination of monarchy and democracy.
The form of the British parliament is composed of the upper house of the aristocracy and the house of Commons, elected by the people. Both houses represent the interests of the broad masses of the people. As the reform of British bourgeoisie appeared earlier, it was influenced by some thinkers at that time, including Locke, montesquieu and so on. Their ideas made the British people have a deep understanding of the sovereignty of the people.
In Britain, the leading body of the central government is actually the cabinet headed by the prime minister of the United Kingdom. As the highest national executive body, the composition and transition of the cabinet follow certain principles. The prime minister is the leader of a party or coalition that wins a majority in the house of Commons in a general election.
The two main parties, the conservative party and the Labour party, are the dominant parties in British politics. There are a few small parties besides these two, but they are hard to make a difference in British politics today for political and historical reasons. The British parliament and cabinet can be said to be the party's parliament and cabinet. Whichever party wins the general election, the party can control the parliament and cabinet. Cultural analysis of the British political system
Britain was the first country to implement capitalism in the world. After a long period of development, it was called the empire of the sun never set. Although there was no written law in politics, its history-tested constitutional monarchy gave Britain a relatively stable political situation, and the political system was not too volatile. The reason for this unique phenomenon should be closely related to Britain's unique traditional culture.
According to Chen, "British conservatism is a stable force. It is not so much against progress as steadfastly against the process and degree of change. When the existing system can be maintained and continued, it firmly holds its ground and refuses to change. But when an existing system fails to meet the needs of reality, it allows for some degree of change and, on the basis of this new change, holds its ground and becomes a force against new change. Therefore, the conservative nature of British conservatism is not absolute conservatism. It is more reflected in the protection of tradition and a cautious attitude towards reform.
Such conservatism in Britain can be seen from the attitude towards reform in the "glorious revolution". Burke believed that although the glorious revolution in Britain broke the conservative stereotype, it was not a real change, because it was not a change, it was a protection for the tradition, it was a steady change for the sake of the tradition. British people to protect their traditional, efforts to do historical heritage, so in the met need to change, conservatives are hesitant, because they don't know what will be the outcome of the change, but the countries must reform, so conservative steps and process of reform is a very stable attitude, conservative want change cannot too intense. So British conservatism is not bigoted, nor is their attitude to the new. Their attitude towards the political system is reflected in the "old bottle and new wine", adding new changes on the original basis, but the original basic structure remains unchanged. This kind of reserved change, the existence of British Kings and aristocrats is the best evidence.
Therefore, the British people do not reject the aristocracy, but want to integrate into it, which is a self-value affirmation. When all the people in the whole society follow an elite class with a positive attitude, then the whole British society is full of noble spirit and elite class, and everyone in the whole society has a gentlemanly demeanor. With the development of democratization, although the special existence of aristocracy is incompatible with democracy, the British people accept its existence, so that they become the symbol of Britain, no longer give them political power, but become the spiritual pursuit of the whole British people.
The United Kingdom is a typical island country, whose territory is made up of Great Britain island, northeastern Ireland and more than 5,500 small islands. The British people's unique cultural psychology is also determined by the geographical location. This unique cultural psychology is reflected in the inheritance of tradition. As it is surrounded by the sea, all Britain has a superior geographical position to avoid war, which leads to the British people's great attention to the inheritance of history. In politics, the British value tradition and are content with the status quo. Instead of pursuing big reforms, they are more willing to follow the tradition. The British people pay attention to maintaining their own characteristics, do not drift with the current, self-established, have their own characteristics.
The cultural psychology of Britain is mainly shown in politics, especially in political system. It is mainly manifested as: first, British constitutional monarchy. As the British did not want to make great reforms, they did not overthrow the feudal monarch, but adopted a new way to adopt the monarchy. The king became a hypocritical head with only symbolic power. In this way, the reform of the bourgeoisie without breaking the tradition was carried out. Second, the presence of the house of lords in parliament, representing the aristocracy, fully reflects a feature of the British political system that the house of lords does not have substantial power. But the British allowed it to exist as a political institution in the UK. Third, the British constitution is an unwritten constitution, which is exactly the manifestation of the island nation's psychological culture. British people pay attention to tradition, and some things of the present need to find solutions from the past experience. This leads the British to rely on precedents, customs and experience to take the place of some laws. The characteristics of this political system are determined by the particularity of British island culture and psychology.
The essence of liberalism is that the power of the state comes from the people, and the purpose of the government is to protect the welfare of the people. Therefore, the power of the government is not absolute, but subject to restriction, not only by the people's supervision, but also by various organs within the government.
Britain was the first country to start the bourgeois revolution. After the bourgeois revolution, through the glorious revolution, the power of the king of England was limited, and the group representing the emerging bourgeoisie gradually became the real power executors. Locke in his book "the theory of government," wrote kingship should be limited, at the same time Locke also believes that granted the power of government comes from the people, according to their own power to sign a contract by the people's government, which mainly emphasizes the sovereignty in people, and the government is just in order to protect people's private property and personal safety. In the exercise of the king's power, Locke pointed out that the king's power should be limited to diplomacy and administration. The power of the king should be limited by the parliament, and the people have the right to overthrow the king if he commits tyranny regardless of the interests of the people. After Locke, mill developed Locke's thought and put forward the concept of "limited government", which more embodied people's idea of loving freedom and restricting government.
The British liberal tradition allows the people to enjoy the sovereignty of the country while the power of the monarch is limited by law. Although the British Kings and aristocrats have no substantial power, they have become the unique characteristics of world politics with their own unique charm. The tradition of British liberalism also created a distinctive political system.
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As a long-established capitalist country, Britain has formed its unique constitutional monarchy political system in the historical development, and the British political system has its own characteristics, and the formation of this political system also has its special political culture influence. On the basis of a brief description of the British political system, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the British political system and the cultural factors that contribute to its emergence.
As an old capitalist country, Britain used its technology and culture to bring the impact of atomic bomb to the whole world. As an independent island, Britain has the natural barrier of sea with other continents, which creates a superior geographical environment for Britain and avoids frequent wars, so that it can have sufficient time to expand itself. The first industrial revolution, marked by the invention of the steam engine, boosted productivity sharply, while Britain had a strong navy, and its narrow domestic market forced it on the path of colonial expansion. At a time when European religious institutions and feudal fiefdoms were rampant, they had established a distinctive judicial jury system and a local management system; When European feudal authoritarianism was generally strengthened, they launched the bourgeois revolution to destroy the foundation of feudalism.
To understand the British constitutional monarchy, you need to understand the British constitution. Most scholars admit that Britain has a constitution, but has its own characteristics. Unlike most countries, Britain is not compiled into a legal document, but consists of scattered constitutional laws, practices and so on. Foreign scholars call it "unwritten constitution" "flexible constitution". Only on the basis of understanding the constitution can we have a deeper understanding of the British political system.
Parliament, as an important organization in Britain, has gradually formed the principle of "parliament is supreme" in the long history. The British parliament is made up of the king, the house of lords and the house of Commons. The parliament and cabinet, though powerful, consisted of the king, the house of lords, and the house of Commons, the only aristocratic political institution in the major western countries. The king had no real power, and the house of lords, which represented the aristocracy, and the house of Commons, which represented the republic, moved from the house of lords to the house of Commons after a long struggle. The power of British parliament mainly includes four aspects, which are legislative power, financial supervision power, administrative supervision power and judicial power. The house of lords has the exclusive jurisdiction to hear the cases of the aristocracy and the impeachment of the house of Commons. By law, the legislative and supervisory powers of government finance and administration are vested in the house of Commons. The act of parliament of 1911 affirmed the political predominance of the house of Commons, as a rule the prime minister must come from the house of Commons, and cabinet members are rarely held by aristocrats.
No draft law in Britain is officially published until it is passed by the upper and lower houses and approved by the king. Britain has different legislative processes for different bills.
Government bills. After full investigation and study, it is drafted by the government ministers and approved by the cabinet, and submitted by the government to the house of Commons for the initiative. The house of Commons is read first, second and third, and finally approved by the king as an authoritative law. The draft bill, which has been considered by the house of Commons, will also be submitted to the house of lords through the same process of first reading, second reading and third reading.
It was proposed by backbenchers who did not serve in the government and also went through three readings. Private lawmakers' bills are difficult to pass, and its deliberations are complex. There are usually three ways to propose a bill: draw lots, do not draw lots, and the ten-minute rule. While private MPS 'bills are hard to get through parliament, there are successful cases, such as the 1965 murder case, the 1967 abortion law and the 1969 divorce law.
A bill that involves private, community and local interests and is sponsored by private individuals. Its deliberations are the same as those of government bills, which played an important role in Britain at a particular time in history, but are now rarely legislated on private bills.
The first is the approval of public spending, which includes both annual legislative and "uniform funding". The latter includes annual royal salaries, interest on government bonds, the salary of the speaker of the house of Commons and the leader of the opposition. Second, approve the tax plan and determine the tax plan according to the country's actual economic situation. Britain's watchdog, which has a public accounts committee, the auditor-general and the Treasury, closely monitors Britain's finances.
The British monarchy has undergone a long process of evolution, some brilliant, some declining, once abolished, and once restored and transformed. In this long process of development, the British political system has its unique characteristics.
Traditional monarchy and democracy have different meanings. Monarchy usually refers to the rule of the monarch, while democracy refers to the rule of the majority. In theory, there is no state that can be ruled by both the monarch and the general public. In the British political system, although the king is retained, in the actual politics, the monarch is only a symbolic head with no actual power. The role of the king is reflected in the government's policies and laws to be enacted through the king before they can be implemented, and the implementation of policies and laws should also be under the supervision of the king. For example, the two countries signed a treaty, declared the beginning and end of the war and appointed prime ministers.
On the other hand, these policies are not decided and enacted by the king alone, but by the parliament or the cabinet. The lower house of parliament is elected by the people and the cabinet is elected by the people. The cabinet is responsible to the parliament and is the representative of the people. Therefore, the British constitutional political system is a perfect combination of monarchy and democracy.
The form of the British parliament is composed of the upper house of the aristocracy and the house of Commons, elected by the people. Both houses represent the interests of the broad masses of the people. As the reform of British bourgeoisie appeared earlier, it was influenced by some thinkers at that time, including Locke, montesquieu and so on. Their ideas made the British people have a deep understanding of the sovereignty of the people.
In Britain, the leading body of the central government is actually the cabinet headed by the prime minister of the United Kingdom. As the highest national executive body, the composition and transition of the cabinet follow certain principles. The prime minister is the leader of a party or coalition that wins a majority in the house of Commons in a general election.
The two main parties, the conservative party and the Labour party, are the dominant parties in British politics. There are a few small parties besides these two, but they are hard to make a difference in British politics today for political and historical reasons. The British parliament and cabinet can be said to be the party's parliament and cabinet. Whichever party wins the general election, the party can control the parliament and cabinet. Cultural analysis of the British political system
Britain was the first country to implement capitalism in the world. After a long period of development, it was called the empire of the sun never set. Although there was no written law in politics, its history-tested constitutional monarchy gave Britain a relatively stable political situation, and the political system was not too volatile. The reason for this unique phenomenon should be closely related to Britain's unique traditional culture.
According to Chen, "British conservatism is a stable force. It is not so much against progress as steadfastly against the process and degree of change. When the existing system can be maintained and continued, it firmly holds its ground and refuses to change. But when an existing system fails to meet the needs of reality, it allows for some degree of change and, on the basis of this new change, holds its ground and becomes a force against new change. Therefore, the conservative nature of British conservatism is not absolute conservatism. It is more reflected in the protection of tradition and a cautious attitude towards reform.
Such conservatism in Britain can be seen from the attitude towards reform in the "glorious revolution". Burke believed that although the glorious revolution in Britain broke the conservative stereotype, it was not a real change, because it was not a change, it was a protection for the tradition, it was a steady change for the sake of the tradition. British people to protect their traditional, efforts to do historical heritage, so in the met need to change, conservatives are hesitant, because they don't know what will be the outcome of the change, but the countries must reform, so conservative steps and process of reform is a very stable attitude, conservative want change cannot too intense. So British conservatism is not bigoted, nor is their attitude to the new. Their attitude towards the political system is reflected in the "old bottle and new wine", adding new changes on the original basis, but the original basic structure remains unchanged. This kind of reserved change, the existence of British Kings and aristocrats is the best evidence.
Therefore, the British people do not reject the aristocracy, but want to integrate into it, which is a self-value affirmation. When all the people in the whole society follow an elite class with a positive attitude, then the whole British society is full of noble spirit and elite class, and everyone in the whole society has a gentlemanly demeanor. With the development of democratization, although the special existence of aristocracy is incompatible with democracy, the British people accept its existence, so that they become the symbol of Britain, no longer give them political power, but become the spiritual pursuit of the whole British people.
The United Kingdom is a typical island country, whose territory is made up of Great Britain island, northeastern Ireland and more than 5,500 small islands. The British people's unique cultural psychology is also determined by the geographical location. This unique cultural psychology is reflected in the inheritance of tradition. As it is surrounded by the sea, all Britain has a superior geographical position to avoid war, which leads to the British people's great attention to the inheritance of history. In politics, the British value tradition and are content with the status quo. Instead of pursuing big reforms, they are more willing to follow the tradition. The British people pay attention to maintaining their own characteristics, do not drift with the current, self-established, have their own characteristics.
The cultural psychology of Britain is mainly shown in politics, especially in political system. It is mainly manifested as: first, British constitutional monarchy. As the British did not want to make great reforms, they did not overthrow the feudal monarch, but adopted a new way to adopt the monarchy. The king became a hypocritical head with only symbolic power. In this way, the reform of the bourgeoisie without breaking the tradition was carried out. Second, the presence of the house of lords in parliament, representing the aristocracy, fully reflects a feature of the British political system that the house of lords does not have substantial power. But the British allowed it to exist as a political institution in the UK. Third, the British constitution is an unwritten constitution, which is exactly the manifestation of the island nation's psychological culture. British people pay attention to tradition, and some things of the present need to find solutions from the past experience. This leads the British to rely on precedents, customs and experience to take the place of some laws. The characteristics of this political system are determined by the particularity of British island culture and psychology.
The essence of liberalism is that the power of the state comes from the people, and the purpose of the government is to protect the welfare of the people. Therefore, the power of the government is not absolute, but subject to restriction, not only by the people's supervision, but also by various organs within the government.
Britain was the first country to start the bourgeois revolution. After the bourgeois revolution, through the glorious revolution, the power of the king of England was limited, and the group representing the emerging bourgeoisie gradually became the real power executors. Locke in his book "the theory of government," wrote kingship should be limited, at the same time Locke also believes that granted the power of government comes from the people, according to their own power to sign a contract by the people's government, which mainly emphasizes the sovereignty in people, and the government is just in order to protect people's private property and personal safety. In the exercise of the king's power, Locke pointed out that the king's power should be limited to diplomacy and administration. The power of the king should be limited by the parliament, and the people have the right to overthrow the king if he commits tyranny regardless of the interests of the people. After Locke, mill developed Locke's thought and put forward the concept of "limited government", which more embodied people's idea of loving freedom and restricting government.
The British liberal tradition allows the people to enjoy the sovereignty of the country while the power of the monarch is limited by law. Although the British Kings and aristocrats have no substantial power, they have become the unique characteristics of world politics with their own unique charm. The tradition of British liberalism also created a distinctive political system.
要想成绩好，英国论文得写好，51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯，专业辅导，还为你提供专业英国essay代写，paper代写，report代写，需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ：800020041或者Wechat：Abby0900吧。
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