Essay代写：Environmental justice in the United States

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Environmental justice in the United States，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的环境正义。环境正义兴起于20世纪80年代，当时美国的黑人因为垃圾倾倒问题而提出抗争，引发美国社会公众与学者的声援，进而提出了环境正义这个新的伦理概念。环境正义给环境政策博弈中的每个参与主体带来了很大的变化，揭示了环境利益通常表现为强势群体的利益。恰当的环境正义理论有着极大的实践和指导意义，为有效解决生态危机提供了一种崭新的方法。

The study of environmental justice emerged in the 1980s, when the black people in the United States raised a protest over the garbage dump, which triggered the solidarity of the American public and scholars, and then put forward the new ethical concept of environmental justice. This paper mainly focuses on the concept of "environmental justice" in the United States and the environmental justice movement in the United States, and evaluates the content and application of environmental justice in the United States. Environmental justice brings changes to every participant in the game of environmental policy. Environmental justice pays more attention to and emphasizes the phenomenon and correction of the injustice of the dominant group to the disadvantaged group in the distribution of environmental benefits. Environmental justice reveals that environmental interests are usually manifested as the interests of powerful groups. Environmental justice is concerned with the environmental coercion faced by groups in different economic and cultural contexts and its solutions; Environmental justice applies the principle of equality in addressing environmental rights and obligations. Proper environmental justice theory is of great practical and guiding significance, which provides a new method for effectively solving the ecological crisis and has direct guiding and practical significance for the construction of China's environmental justice theory and environment-friendly society.

The issue of justice is a universal issue in today's society. Every specific field of contemporary society involves the issue of justice, such as economy, politics, law, international relations, education and culture. To pay special attention to "environmental justice" is nothing more than the following two points: first, the limited nature of environmental problems highlights the importance of fairness and justice. Because environmental problems mainly consist of resource exhaustion and environmental pollution. The finiteness of the earth cannot be changed without controlling population and economic development. And whose freedom and development is restricted is a matter of justice. The limitation of environmental resources highlights the justice of distribution. Second, environmental problems are public. The solution of environmental problems requires the common action of mankind, and fairness is the premise of unified action. The issue of environmental justice not only further expands the new pattern of the development and change of the relationship between man and nature, but also marks the deepening of the understanding or reflection on the causes of the ecological crisis and the solutions.

At first, the term "environmental justice" was considered to contain the connotation of "interracial justice". For example, in his book named "environmental justice", Peter Wenz included "the principle of justice between man and nature" into the scope of environmental justice research. In the study of environmental justice in China, some researchers also call environmental justice "human justice", which means "human beings treat nature fairly in the process of realizing and satisfying their own interests". It was not until the "environmental justice" movement broke out in the United States that the term "environmental justice" was increasingly used to refer to "social injustice caused by environmental factors".

At present, the definition of environmental justice in the academic circle refers to the efforts made to realize the environmental fairness of various groups in the society. Robert d. Bullard divided environmental justice into three types: procedural justice, geographic justice and social justice. Procedural justice refers to the issue of fairness, that is, the extent to which the laws, regulations, evaluation standards and enforcement activities of social management are implemented in a non-discriminatory manner. Geographic justice refers to the choice of hazardous waste disposal sites in communities of color and the poor. Social justice is about how social factors such as race, ethnicity, class and political power affect and reflect environmental decisions.

As a hot topic of public policy in the United States today, environmental justice is committed to addressing the needs and environmental problems of all communities. The us environmental protection agency defines environmental justice as follows: "environmental justice" means that all citizens, regardless of race, color, nationality and property status, should be treated fairly and participate effectively in environmental decision-making in the formulation, application and implementation of environmental laws, regulations and policies. "Fair treatment" means that no group, regardless of racial, ethical, and socioeconomic differences, should unreasonably bear the negative environmental consequences of industrial, municipal, and commercial activities, as well as federal, state, and local environmental programs and policies. "Effective participation" means that every community that may be affected has an appropriate opportunity to participate in decisions that will affect their environment or health; Public opinion can influence the decision-making of the legislative branch; The opinions of all participants should be taken into account in the decision-making process; Decision makers facilitate the participation of potential affected persons. The EPA is particularly concerned about the harmful effects of the environment on the health of certain communities. These communities are overburdened and exposed to inappropriate environmental hazards and risks compared to the rest of the United States. These communities, whether urban or rural, are mostly communities of minorities and low-income people, and are also places of environmental injustice, thanks to the continuing influence of historical causes such as overt discrimination, negative race-neutral licensing and regulatory action.

The academic and official definitions are very close, which indicates that the American society has reached a consensus on the concept of environmental justice.

Many environmental justice activists also give the connotation of environmental justice is very broad, think environmental justice refers to all people, regardless of age, race, culture, gender, or economic, social status, have a safe, healthy, energetic, the sustainable development of environment rights, it includes biological, physical, social, political, aesthetic, and economic environment. Environmental justice requires that these rights be freely exercised through self-practice and the empowerment of individuals and communities, whereby the identity, needs and dignity of individuals and groups are preserved, realized and respected.

The environmental justice movement was founded in 1982 by Warren County Protest. For the first time, warren's protest drew a strong social reaction by linking race, poverty and the environmental consequences of industrial waste. Many professionals and non-professionals concerned with the problems of minority communities have begun to conduct further investigations and disclosed many relevant materials and facts that were little known in the past. The event kicked off the environmental justice movement.

In October 1991, the first naacp environmental leadership summit was held in Washington. After much debate, the delegates agreed to adopt 17 "principles of environmental justice" as the purpose of their action, and formally declared the different positions of "environmental justice" activists and mainstream environmentalists. The famous environmental activist Diana alston said, "for us, the environment... It cannot be explained narrowly. The environment in our eyes is interwoven with social, racial and economic justice as a whole. In our opinion, environment is where we live, work and play. The environment provides us with a forum to comment on the issues of our time: issues of military and defence policy, religious freedom, cultural survival, sustainable energy development, the future of our cities, transport, housing, land and sovereignty, the right to self-determination, employment... We can go on and on and on." Obviously, this is a completely different view of the environment from the mainstream environmentalism. It not only links environmental problems with social problems, but also makes it interwoven with social politics.

The "environmental justice" movement reflects the immediate needs of the American underclass, especially communities of color, but it also reflects the different perceptions of the environment among ethnic groups in different cultural contexts. From a certain perspective, the environmental justice movement can be said to be an extension of the civil rights movement, and the problem it requires to solve is fundamentally a social justice problem. However, from another perspective, when environmental justice activists put such a social issue into the perspective of environmental protection, it has a deeper connotation. On the other hand, environmental crisis is a crisis closely related to social crisis, fundamentally speaking, they are a crisis.

In the late 1990s, environmental justice became an emerging theme in environmental policy discussions. In the 21st century, this issue has become the most important part of environmental policy, and special compensation measures have even been developed or started to be implemented. Sociologists, especially political sociologists, have suggested a range of theories to explain the formation of just policies.

Many would argue that the question of how justice is possible is more of an academic question than a practical one. Any substantive concept of environmental justice must answer the question: who is the "recipient" of environmental justice? What exactly is allocated? How?

Some domestic researchers believe that the essence of environmental justice is the issue of distributive justice, and the key of distributive justice is how to allocate resources. On the whole, however, these views lack strong support for the theory of distributive justice. In contrast, foreign researchers have begun to study environmental justice from the perspective of distributive justice theory and have made new progress. In contemporary western countries, rawls reaffirms the basic theory of liberalism on the basis of the principle of justice. His "justice as equity" contains a strong egalitarian connotation, which provides an important theoretical reference for solving the problem of benefit and responsibility sharing in environmental problems.

Rawls's theory of justice is mainly composed of two principles of justice: "the first principle is that everyone should have an equal right to a similar system of freedom compatible with the broadest system of basic freedoms possessed by others. Second principle: social and economic inequalities should be arranged in such a way as to suit the best interests of the fewest beneficiaries, consistent with the principle of store of justice; It depends on the opening of positions and positions to all under conditions of equal opportunity and equity." The first is the principle of freedom and equality. The second includes the "principle of difference", which is suitable for the best interests of the least beneficiaries, and the "principle of equal opportunity", whose position and position are open to all. Rawls also arranges the priority of these principles, that is, the first principle takes precedence over the second principle, while the "equal opportunity principle" takes precedence over the "difference principle". From this, we can see the two basic points of rawls's justice theory: first, everyone has equal freedom and rights, must be treated fairly, and all opportunities should be open to every member of society; Second, justice must be "in the best interests of the least favored". In other words, all policies must benefit those at the most disadvantaged in society so that the most vulnerable in society benefit most from the social distribution process. From the second point of view, rawls changed the general view of justice from "justice in line with everyone" to "justice in line with the best interests of the least benefited", and regarded the meeting of the interests of vulnerable groups as the standard to measure whether a society is just, which is rare in the past liberal theories.

According to rawls's theory, all decisions on international environmental issues should favor developing countries as the weak, and resources should be distributed according to the principle of meeting the interests of the poor. Drawing on rawls's theory of justice, we can establish the ethical principle of justice within the generation as follows: first, the principle of survival first. Due to the serious inequality between the rich and the poor in the world as well as the inequality in the distribution of interests and victimization, the implementation of environmental policies should give priority to survival and give developing countries space and resources for development. When it comes to international relations, environmental interests should be tilted in favor of developing countries. Developed countries should help developing countries eradicate poverty and provide corresponding funds and technologies. Second, the principle of fairness. That is to ask all countries in the world to shoulder their environmental responsibilities fairly. However, this fairness does not require every country and individual to shoulder the same responsibility. Although environmental protection is the common responsibility of mankind, it should be treated differently in the responsibility sharing. Developed countries should shoulder more responsibilities. Rawls's theory of justice provides necessary theoretical basis for environmental justice theory.

In 1991, the People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was held in Washington, dc, and the issue of Environmental justice was formally raised. Its basic programme contains 17 principles. Its main contents include the following six points: environmental justice guarantees the sanctity of the earth mother, the unity of the ecosystem, the interdependence of all species and the right to be free from ecological damage; Environmental justice requires that public policy be based on respect for and justice for all people, without any form of discrimination or prejudice; Environmental justice calls for the protection of people from nuclear tests, toxic or hazardous wastes and poisons, and from nuclear tests that threaten their fundamental rights to clean air, land, water and food; Environmental justice ensures the fundamental right of all people to political, economic, cultural and environmental self-determination; Environmental justice calls for the cessation of the production of toxic substances, hazardous wastes and radioactive substances. Environmental justice requires that all people have the right to participate as equal partners in decision-making at all levels, including needs and assessments.

In fact, the principle of environmental justice further reveals that environmental justice is a problem of social justice, which involves rights, needs, distribution, national system, policy making and many other fields. To sum up the above principles of environmental justice, I think the following aspects have the following connotations:

Social development should be "people-oriented". In modern society, the meaning of sharing and benefiting universally means that every member of society should share the fruits of social development, the basic needs of every member of society should be continuously satisfied, and their living standards should be correspondingly improved. Limit the development of production to the extent that it can meet the needs of all, and end the condition of satisfying others at the expense of some. All share in the benefits created by all, and through urban and rural integration, all members of society are developed in an all-round way.

People have dignity after they break away from the animal kingdom and become self-conscious. Human dignity is gradually strengthened with the gradual evolution of society. In the process of China's modernization, such dignity should be possessed by every individual, especially when the dignity of a social group is trampled upon, resulting in the loss of basic human dignity. It can be seen that maintaining the dignity of every member of society is the basic function of justice in the modern sense. Obviously, respect, equality and freedom have become the most basic concepts and important contents of justice in the modern sense.

Opportunity refers to the possibility space for social members to survive and develop. Equality of opportunity refers to the principle that social members should follow when solving the problem of how to own opportunities as a resource: equal ones should be treated equally, and unequal ones should be treated unequally. Equality of opportunity has two meanings: one is the equality of the starting point of survival and development; Second, equality of opportunity realization process itself. As an important value orientation, the principle of equality of opportunity provides broad choice and effective development space for social members, thus stimulating the vitality of modern society and improving the quality of social progress.

The rational allocation of existing social resources most directly reflects the principle of justice. In the process of the formation of social wealth and other resources, the quantity, quality and production factors of labor input by each social member are different, and their specific contributions to society are different. Differential distribution according to the specific contribution of each member of society reflects the concept of equality and freedom, and fully respects and recognizes the individual's different contributions to society.

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Assignment代写：American educational philosophy

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- American educational philosophy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的教育理念。美国中学生没有固定的班级概念，大家各自按照自己所选修的课程去上课。另外，美国中小学课堂教学的密度虽然很小，但是课堂活动往往丰富多彩。在传授知识的过程中，老师们更关注学生对知识的感受和内心体验，所有的课堂活动都尽可能让学生参与其中，动手又动脑，其中不乏孩子们喜闻乐见的游戏形式。

Of all the American schools I have visited, no place is more comfortable than a library. The library has carpets, sofas and even cute cartoon cushions scattered around. When the student reads a book can sit can lie, follow one's inclinations. Here, we have seen the teachers and students read the warm scene, also have seen the pillow with books to sleep students. In the libraries of junior and primary schools, the height of the shelves must match the height of the students, and all the books are within reach. Compared with the library, the classroom layout is much more simple, the teaching equipment is at most a common projector, even in a famous school. Each teacher has his or her own classroom, and the teacher is free to decorate the classroom in a way that he or she believes is conducive to teaching, so as to demonstrate individuality. A math classroom at Washington's sidwell school has blackboards on three sides, and students can stand at any time to perform calculations on the nearest board.

American high school students do not have a fixed concept of class, everyone according to their own elective courses to attend classes. During the break, the students rushed from classroom to classroom, there is no time to chase and play in the classroom and corridor. At the end of the class, the teacher stood inside the door and let the students go first. In the corridor, the teacher sidled to make way for the students. However, I found that the students would not turn a blind eye to this, but would quietly acknowledge it and open the door for the passing teachers. We were surprised and moved by how polite the students were still at the less well-attended schools. Respect for students is shown in the classroom, but also in the recognition of students' achievements and abilities. In many schools, the corridor, where can be used, displays students' works or records students' honors.

We had the privilege of walking into the classrooms of elementary and middle schools and attending classes with American students. As I listened, I kept comparing the similarities and differences between classroom teaching in China and the United States. Compared with our classroom teaching, the classroom teaching in American primary and secondary schools is much less dense, but the classroom activities are often colorful. In the process of imparting knowledge, teachers pay more attention to students' feelings and inner experience of knowledge. For example, when talking about the cause and effect of a certain historical event, the teacher will try to create a similar situation, so that the students can imagine and experience their own reaction in a specific situation, and then understand the situation when the historical event happened. In addition, all classroom activities are as far as possible for students to participate in it, hands-on and brain, including many children's favorite form of play. This feature is also fully reflected in the activity Settings of social educational institutions such as children's museum. The children's museum in Boston has hands-on activities and games for children of all ages.

Strict teaching management, which seems to be inconsistent with our past impression of Americans' free style. But after visiting many schools in America, I have to come to the conclusion that a good school = good teachers + good students + strict management. In order to ensure that students go to relevant classrooms, there are teachers playing the role of "sentry" in the corridor of pulimaoji community junior high school. To keep her students in line, the young woman who teaches at Boston's mountain city high school keeps gesturing and making eye contact with the restless students. Oklahoma high school of mathematics and science, in order to ensure the outstanding performance of graduates, will arrange six exams every semester, students as long as there are three C will be discouraged; To ensure quality, Oklahoma law limits teachers to 140 students per day. All of this seems to me to have found something in common between Chinese and American education in another sense.

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Paper写作中容易出现哪些问题

Paper写作一直是中国留学生的心头刺，尤其是对于专业性强的学科而言，每个科学术语都有其特定的内涵，尤其要注意使用的精准性。中国留学生在最初进行paper写作时，由于经验缺乏，或多或少都会出现一些问题，大致可划分为以下几类：

1.结构混乱。论文缺乏清晰结构是大部分中国留学生最大的问题，一篇好的文章应该像一棵树，作为树干的论文主题应在每段中得以体现；文章标题就像树枝与主题密切联系；作为树叶的理论观点主要用来支持文章论述，然而许多留学生并没有结构这一概念，往往是有感而发。

2.语法不通。这里的语法并非时态语态，而是指语法逻辑，许多留学生在写作中要么是没有任何逻辑连词的长句，要么是完全独立的单一语句，这很容易造成文章表意不明。

3.格式不清。国外高校十分重视学术论文的reference和引用问题，这是学术论文与一般文章的最大区别。作为学术论文，需要有理论和学术的支持，但许多留学生对比并不注意。

不难发现，中国留学生在论文写作中会遇到用词、逻辑、格式等各种问题，这对于许多初次接触paper的留学生而言无疑是一大难题。但对于专业的代写人员而言，丰富的写作经历使他们对于论文写作的规范早已烂熟于心，因此，留学生在今后的paper写作中，可以选择专业代写机构以解决众多问题。

51due留学教育引领海外留学的风向标，打造最好的教育品牌，提供专业的代写服务，我们为自己的品牌代言，不负留学生的期待。

Paper代写：Subtext in Death of a Salesman

本篇paper代写- Subtext in Death of a Salesman讨论了《推销员之死》中的潜台词。作为阿瑟·米勒的代表作，《推销员之死》描写了家庭成员之间令人心碎的冲突，以及对美国梦的盲目信仰所付出的沉重代价。在剧中，潜台词得到了广泛的运用。与平实直接的语言不同，潜台词的运用对于塑造人物性格、戏剧化人物内心的挣扎、传达重要的信息、吸引观众都很重要。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

As the representative work of Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman depicts the heart-breaking conflicts between family members, and the heavy price paid for the blind belief in the American Dream. When the play was first rehearsed, it was titled The Inside of His Head. This title perfectly captures its heavy emphasis on psychological activities. In the play, an extensive use of subtext has been observed. Different from plain and direct language, the use of subtext is important for character construction, dramatizing the characters’ inner struggles, conveying overarching messages, and engaging the audience.

In Death of a Salesman, subtext acts as an important tool for character construction. The key to the drama to intrigue empathetic and emotional responses from the audience is the identity of Willy Loman as an ordinary folk. From the very beginning of the play, such an impression of Willy is formed, with him carrying two heavy suitcases of sample products, like a weight-bearing mule on stage. When Willy says the simple sentence: “I’m tired to the death, I couldn’t make it, I just couldn’t make it, Linda (Miller 5),” the tragic tone of the entire play has been set. This sentence is like a prophecy for the final fate of Willy. “I couldn’t make it” here for Linda means that Willy is not able to be successful in his job anymore. However, there are hidden messages in it, indicating Willy’s tiredness and inability to steer his entire life. The cruelty of life has pushed down so hard at him, that Willy is already speaking with a sense of death and failure. Although the subtext of death is obvious to the audience, the fact that Linda is not aware of it shows that Willy has carried the burden all by himself for a very long time already. This inability to share genuine feelings may be the main reason for his death.

Subtext is also effective in demonstrating the inner struggles of the characters, as a diversified alternative to language. One instance of such an application is when Willy planted seed for several times at the middle of the night in their small garden. The small garden where once filled with lilac, wisteria, peonies, and wisteria (Miller 9), until the sunlight was blocked by the growing skyscrapers around the place. This symbolizes the invasion of modernity and the American dream into ordinary households like Willy’s. This further makes the action of planting more than just an ordinary action anymore. Planting seeds into the garden is like trying to restore the garden to its old times. Although the rest of his life cannot be restored so easily, the garden serves as a psychological comfort for Willy. This also explains why he was working in the garden in the middle of the night. It also explains the “anxious (Miller 90)” tone he used when he wanted to get some seed “right away.” It doesn’t really matter what seeds Willy is planting, what matters for him is that “Nothing’s planted. I don’t have a thing in the ground (Miller 90).” Clearly, this refers to Willy’s sense of frustration and failure over work. He wants to be something substantial, he desires to product something useful and of worth, but he fails to do so professionally. In addition, his two sons, of whom he has very high expectations, are not achieving much in life, either. These are all motivations for Willy to “plant” something. However, the lack of sunlight has determined the outcome of failure already, which again aligns with Willy’s life.

From the audience’s perspective, the subtext in Death of a Salesman also serves as a tool of engagement and a thought provoker. A play is to be performed on stage in a theater, where all senses of the audience need to be engaged in the plot. Apart from language, the actions, facial expressions and environment are all elements to construct a subtext for audience to interpret and comprehend on their own. When Linda offers Willy American instead of Swiss cheese, he responds with: “I want Swiss cheese. Why am I always being contradicted? (Miller 8)” Linda then resolves the potential conflict with “a covering laugh” and “infinite patience.” These responses instantly provide the audience with a hint of the marriage status of the two and they mode of interaction. Subtext can also be constructed with symbols. As discussed above, planting seed in the garden symbolizes Willy’s sense of failure in life. The stockings, which appears multiple times in the play, is another symbol. On the one hand, it reinforces the positive image of Linda as a good wife. On the other hand, it also represents Willy’s sense of guilt for cheating on Linda. The fact that his son was completely beaten down due to his affairs further increases such guilt. The broken stockings of Linda are like Willy’s conscience and guilt for the family. This also becomes the subtext when Willy becomes so angry at Linda when he sees her mending her stockings (Miller 26).

The tragic of Willy does not lie in the moment of his death alone, but throughout his entire burdened life. The cruelty of reality and the suppression against human nature is a message conveyed by subtext from the play. Such messages are difficult to be communicated directly through the actions and dialogues of characters, since they go beyond single characters. This makes subtext one of the most effective ways to deliver such messages. For example, when talking with Howard, Willy says, “I put thirty-four years into this firm, Howard, and now I can’t pay my insurance! You can’t eat the orange and throw the peel away — a man is not a piece of fruit! (Miller 58).” This line is an epitome of the commodity economy in the US society, which humans and human labor are commodified as well. As willy grows old and no longer able to product value for the company, he is tossed away like “orange peel.” This line extends beyond Willy to countless employers in the society, who prioritize profit and do not care about their employees’ wellbeing after being laid off. The idea of commodifying humans is so deeply installed in Willy that he considers money to be the most important thing in life. Although this distorted mentality to perceive the American dream is not directly expressed through lines, the mental state of Willy is adequate proof for it. When money and material success become everything in Willy’s life, he cannot live with his failures anymore. Beyond the sadness and tragedy of a single person as Willy, the subtext of the tragic elevate and expands the message, pointing at the countless Americans who suffer in the same way.

As demonstrated by the analysis above, subtext carries unique functions that are not easily replaced by other forms of expressions. Through dialogues, actions, emotions, facial expressions, and symbols, subtext has effectively conveyed messages of the play and helped outline the characters in a subtle way. In some cases, subtext is used to reveal the inner aspect of Willy to the audience, which is hidden to the other characters in the play. In the construction of subtext through symbols, a more profound level of meaning is created. Audience engagement is also an important function of subtext. The diverse functions of subtext in Death of a Salesman has contributed to both the play’s depth of thinking, and its dramatic effects.

Reference

Arthur, Miller. Death of a Salesman.

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Essay代写：How Social Media Has Impacted Photography

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- How Social Media Has Impacted Photography，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了社交媒体对摄影的影响。如今，社交媒体已经在很大程度上改变了摄影。然而，关于它如何影响摄影的观点却大相径庭。一些人认为它摧毁了摄影艺术，而另一些人则认为它促进了摄影的进步和民主化。

We are living in an age of social media—Facebook, Tumblr, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, you name it. The signature of the social media era is that our lives are inundated with images taken, edited and posted by users. Billions of photographs are created and shared across social networks each year. In fact, we are so obsessed with taking photos and sharing them on social media that if there’s no picture, it didn’t happen.

Needless to say, social media has changed photography in a significant way. However, opinions on how it has impacted photography differ wildly. Some argue that it has destroyed the art of photography, while others contend that it has advanced and democratized photography.

As Bevan points out in her article, social media can devalue the art form of photography. In the olden days, a good photograph was something to treasure because of its scarcity. Nowadays, people no longer buy photo albums to house the relics of special moments of their lives since their digital devices are overflowing with images. Real photography requires time and effort to understand the technicalities and art of lighting, composition, and coloring. But, on Instagram for instance, by clicking a filter, a photography layperson can change the look and style of an image within a second. However, contrary to what Bevan argues, that Instagram and other picture sharing and editing platforms on the Internet degrade photography and make photographs look the same with a selection of filters, I believe that most social media users know the difference between an art work of photography and a snap a friend posted on Instagram of her and her cat using the Claredon filter. Amongst the billions of photos posted on social media, the best works of photography still rise to the top.

Instead of shattering the careers of professional photographers, social media has helped create massive interlinked platforms that enable serious photographers to present their works to the world. For example, many photojournalists are using Instagram to build large groups of followers, develop client base, and find inspiration for their own work by following other photographers and artists on social networks. In the early days of the Internet, people were warned off putting their photographs on the Internet because it could get stolen. As pointed out by Troemel, as opposed to “create art to have an audience”, artists nowadays “need an audience to create art”. The “humor, intellectualism, and camaraderie” of an artist permeating social media is just as important, if not more than, as the “distinct projects” that the artist creates. Another example is Pinterest, where users can browse through tens of thousands of picture boards of virtually every object and theme, making it one of the best places for anyone, including professional photographers, to find inspiration.

Social media has made image-making accessible to everyone with a smartphone—it has become a marketing tool for photographers and a learning platform for anyone interested in exploring and studying photography as tutorials, tips and tricks are shared on social media by photography professionals and enthusiasts alike. Photography is a living art and it’s changing with us.

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