Essay代写：The leader

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The leader，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了领导者。领导者必须掌握尽可能多的领导概念，以便以后在工作中使用它们。对于追随者来说，他们也可以用这些领导理念来武装自己，以便有一天当他们被提升为领导者时可以使用这些理念。与此同时，领导者最好根据情境找出最合适的领导风格，这样所有的任务和目标最终都能很好地实现。

Reflective Journal

Introduction

It is known to us that leadership competency is a necessity for one to be a good leader so that one can effectively lead his/her subordinates. It is obvious that a leader has to learn from other skilled leaders so that he/she can improve his/her leadership in the long run. In the meantime, it will be better for the leaders to use plenty of concepts concerning leadership in order that they can later implement the leadership theory into practice all the time. Nevertheless, what cannot be neglected is that different leaders are with different leadership styles and each and every one of them have to nurture a leadership style that fits themselves the best. Therefore this reflective journal aims to analyze three learning events together with one ethics learning event, which hopes to give some insightful suggestions as for how to become a better leader in the workplace or other situations.

Learning Event One

First and foremost, the leadership moment that comes to my mind is one exists in a clothing design company. The more detailed condition is that a young designer has designed her work for the clothing and all the members in the design department support the design without conflict. However, what is unexpected is that the leader of the design department directly negates the design when he sees the design of that young designer and he accordingly proposes his own view as for how the design can be better regardless of the original meaning of why that young designer would like to design in her own way. What’s worse, this leader orders the young designer to redesign based on his given suggestions without giving any chance for this young designer to explain her own reason for designing in that way. Consequently, the young designer had no choice but to obey the order of the leader.

As far as I am concerned, the aforementioned event associated with the leader- centered and follower-centered perspective on leadership. Taking the leader- and follower-centered perspective on leadership into consideration, there is no doubt that there is the division between the leader-centered perspective and the follower-centered perspective (Abert John, R. 2000). On the one hand, the leader-centered leadership means that what the leaders decide will be the orders and the subordinates have to do as required. According to this, there is no doubt that this leadership type appears to be somewhat autocratic and dictatorial. To put it more specifically, the leader-centered leadership achieves organizational success via the self-projection and self-realizaton of the leader and they are mainly applied in the organizations that play high emphasis on authority, specific directions and strict deadlines for success (Lena Maslennikova. 2007). Generally speaking, the companies that employ the leader-centered styles are primarily the ones that are obvious in its organizational structure and they tend to develop as the leaders have envisioned. It is apparent that the subordinates are expected to follow the orders of their leaders and completer their own tasks. As a matter of fact, the leader-centered styles can be further segmented into the authoritarian leadership, charismatic leadership and transactional leadership (Lena Maslennikova. 2007).

On the other hand, the follower-centered leadership surrounds the followers and they are welcome to express their own ideas at ease. The usual condition is that the ideas of the followers will be seriously considered, which can help motivate their initiative in doing things. Based on this, it is apparent that this leadership style is democratic to some extent. As a matter of fact, the follower-centered styles are successful because they take full advantage of the development, growth and realization of the employees and these styles are applied in organizations that deem the employees as the most valuable assets in the organizations so that the organizations are willing to invest available resources on them (Lewin, K., LIippit, R., & White, R. K. 1939). The companies that would like to choose the follower-centered styles are those that do not have a top-down structure and the employees and the leaders are treated equally. In the follower-centered leadership styles, the employees always have a voice and they can greatly influence the decision-making of the organization. Besides, the follower-centered styles consist of participative leadership, servant leadership as well as transformational leadership (Lena Maslennikova. 2007).

From the above event, I learned that it is important for both the leaders and the employees to put themselves into the shoes of one another in order that they can both understand each other. Better understanding between the leaders and the employees is supposed to bring better cooperation between them, leading to the better implementation of the tasks in the due time. But what is a pity to say is that I originally deem that the follower-centered leadership style is better than the leader-centered perspective leadership style while it is not that way in the reality. Through this event, I obtained that whether the follower-centered leadership style or the leader-centered leadership style works better depends on the situation when a certain leadership style is called for.

Having thought about the leader-centered and follower-centered perspective on leadership, I would like to persuade all the leaders to figure out their leadership style so that they can be aware of the weaknesses of their own leadership style. Afterwards, they can change their own behaviors in one way or another in order to make up for the weaknesses that appear in their leadership style. The same case as well goes to the followers as well because the followers should also know clearly about the style of their leaders in order that they can later know how they can better meet the requirements of their leaders and they won’t disappoint their leaders in the reality.

Learning Event Two

Secondly, the leadership moment that comes into my mind is the one that I have undergone when I was a senior high school student. At that time, I was the group member of my classmate Mike, who was my group leader. I have to praise him that he had shaped rather outstanding team work ability and he never evaded the problems but instead he timely corrected the problems as long as he found them. Most activities of our courses then were implemented in groups so that it could also train our team work ability. However, there was once our group could not keep tactic cooperation among team members and we were unable to finish tasks on time. What he did was to face the problem and talked with the teacher about our problems to apply for a new deadline. And he had in the meantime voluntarily taken more responsibilities to urge other team members to complete the task, leading to the smooth fulfillment of the tasks in the end.

What this event associates with the concept about leadership is the relationship between leadership and power. Power is potentially connected to authority and it reflects the ability to shape others’ behavior through formal and informal means. And the sources of power include the economic, legal and social status and it is unequally distributed in society. The more detailed condition is that power is axiomatic leadership and leadership is the use of power to influence through discourse. As a matter of fact, it is right power that allows leadership to work because the followers are afraid of the power of the leaders so that they have no choice but to follow the orders of the leaders. The leaders can influence the lives of others for the better, live with healthier and more positive attitudes, think bigger and bolder thoughts, and lead with excellence (John C. Maxwell. 2001). As a result, the followers can be shaped to be excellent at last.

Furthermore, there is the division of the co-leadership, the shared leadership and the distributed leadership and all these three kinds of leadership have different types of power when they are used (Christianity Today, Inc. 1980.). Once a specific type of leadership can take effect, it can be seen as a successful one. In leaderless teams, the authority and responsibility usually invested in leader’s position is turned over to team members. Much to my surprise, although the team is ‘leaderless’, there is still a lot of leadership taking place. According to this, a fair knowledge can be obtained that the concertive control can inhibit innovation and go in opposite direction of what ‘leadership’ should do (Collinson, David L. 2011). Thus leaderless teams have been built in an increasing number nowadays and it is predicted that the leaderless teams will be the development trend in the future.

What I have learned the most from this event is that leaders have to pay attention to their own behaviors and discourse because their behaviors and discourse will influence their employees to a large extent. At the same time, the large number of followers determine that the influence of the leaders’ behaviors and discourse toward the employees will be too serious to be controlled. Thus the leaders must spare no efforts to set good examples for the employees if they would like the followers to reach some kind of criterion. Only when the leaders themselves have realized the requirements of the criteria can they have the power to require their followers to match those requirements, otherwise they may have no power to require the followers at all. It can be assumed in this way that if the leaders cannot make themselves an example, then it will be difficult or even impossible for them to turn their followers into the example people.

Reflecting on this event, my deepest impression is the idea of the leaderless teams. In the leaderless teams, leadership can still take effect in the teams even though they are ‘leaderless’. Personally speaking, I always hold that teams with leaders are bound to perform better than teams without leaders. However, the fact may not always turn out in that way because leaderless teams can develop harmony within themselves and all the team members can control and manage themselves. As a result, the leaderless teams can still perform well and they may even perform better than the teams with leaders if the leaders’ leadership may not work well. Leaderless teams can save more human power, which is bound to win the support of humans in the future.

Learning Event Three

The leadership moment that I would like to share in this part is the one that happens in a foreign trade company, which I had encountered when I served as an intern within it in the summer vacation. The more detailed condition is that the leader of the company pays high emphasis on recruiting foreigners from various countries in order to add color to the company’s cultural diversity because its clients are actually from all over the world. In this way, its employees can improve their competency in flexibly communicating with various clients in the globe, leading to a greater revenue of the company in the end. At the same time, all the employees take the initiative to talk with the foreign clients just as they communicate to their foreign colleagues, which can make their clients more at ease. As a result, all the clients are willing to do business with this company at last.

What this event associates with the concept about leadership is the cultural diversity in recruiting its employees. In so doing, the employees can form the awareness of cultural diversity and they can get familiar with how to communicate with people from various countries (Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. 1985). In the meantime, the employees are able to promote their English competency as well, which is bound to help the company to develop to be a globalized one sooner or later. There is no doubt that such development is beneficial for the long-term development of the company. Besides, the cultural diversity in leadership also indicates that it is necessary for the leaders to learn from other leaders that are from a different cultural background, leading to their understanding the cultural differences between leaders from different countries. In this way, the leaders can make up the limitations of their own leadership styles by drawing lessons from others so as to better lead in the due time.

Apart from cultural diversity, what is a must to mention is the ethnic diversity because it can help reduce discrimination toward people from any ethnic in one way or another (Hackman, Michale Z. 2009). The employees are better to be taught that people of all ethnics are the same and they can all teach you something in the reality. According to this, it is apparent that the employees are with a bigger possibility of developing business relationships with people from all ethnics in the future. As a result, the company can make higher profits and more ethnics can feel happy to carry out business with the company (Kevin Cashman. 2017).

What I have learned the most from this event is that I have to form cultural diversity as well in order that I can better adjust myself to the globalized world in the future. After all, the trend of globalization in approaching days is bound to come and there is no doubt that my globalized mind can enable me to become more competent when compared with those that don’t have the awareness of cultural diversity to a certain degree. I have to admit that I didn’t have such awareness in the past because I mostly dealt with the Asians and it was quite rare for me to contact others from a different country. So a fair knowledge can be obtained that I really value this opportunity to become culturally identified. And I have determined that I would like to develop my own ability in communicating with foreigners and grab each and every opportunity to communicate with them as long as the chance comes. Only in this way can I improve my own English competency to the utmost.

Reflecting on this event, my deepest impression is that the leadership of people from different cultural backgrounds will absolutely vary more or less from one another. The education and environment the leaders from different cultural backgrounds are different so that they may choose to lead in different ways out of the education they have received and their past experiences. And the disadvantages of education of a certain cultural background will lead to the failure of leadership of the leaders of that country to a certain degree, which is right why it is necessary for the leaders from a certain country to learn from leaders from another different country. In addition, I deeply feel that cultural diversity occurs in various aspects of our life and it even exerts impacts on leadership as well, which is out of my expectation all the time. According to this, it is not hard to find that leadership styles have to be modified in order to better lead the subordinates and different countries can communicate with one another in order to make both of their leadership styles better in the end. It is bound to be a win-win situation once both countries can cooperate well with one another.

Ethics Learning Event

At last, the ethics leadership moment that I would like to introduce is the one that I have ever heard from my mother in order that I can quit drinking pigment beverage. The leader of a pigment beverage company sells its beverage products by using the ingredients that will damage the customers’ health. And the rationale why the pigment beverage company choose the harmful ingredients lies in that those ingredients are really cheap in price so that the company can make higher profits in the due time. In the meanwhile, those ingredients can make the pigment beverage tastes more delicious and the customers are bound to be addicted to them after their drinking it for once. Consequently, the company is sued and the health of a vast majority of its customers suffers. And the company has no choice but go bankruptcy in the end and its leader is sentenced to prison for taking his responsibility.

It is obvious that the aforementioned event is highly connected to business ethics. The more detailed condition is that ethics is fundamentally about a relationship between people and it is the moral principles that govern a person’s behavior. In fact, ethics is founded on fairness together with generally-accepted and coherent principles, implying that it is not easy to be ethical. When ethics goes to the business environment, it is identified as business ethics. Business ethics can be further divided into the following ones: affirmative action, basic employee rights, deceptive advertising, drug testing, job discrimination, insider trading, moral status of corporate entities, social responsibilities of capitalist business practices, whistle blowing, etc (Burns, James MacGergor. 2010). In this sense, a fair knowledge can be obtained that it is quite easy to violate any kind of business ethics as those kinds are too many.

Moreover, acting lawfully is not the same as acting ethically and it can be understood in this way that acting lawfully and acting ethically are given different standards. In fact, ethical leadership is a higher form of leadership and there are three primary facets of ethical leadership (Association of California School Administration. 2000) and they can be segmented into what a leader does, how a leader does them and why a leader does things. However, moral dilemma always occurs because no matter what the leaders do, they will violate a certain kind of ethical standard and they will feel regretful all the time. So it is obvious that an ethical and effective leader should do the right thing, do it in the right way and do it for the right reason, which suggests the difficulty in becoming an ethical and effective leader. Besides, various positive outcomes can be brought by the ethical leadership, which is right why ethical leadership is highly promoted in various organizations. Outcomes of ethical leadership are that ethical leadership can bring credibility and respect both for the leader and the organization; build employee commitment, loyalty, pride, satisfaction, and so on; build trust; create a good climate within the organization; increase follower’s willingness to report problems; increase OCB and decrease CWB; lead to collaboration; model ethical behavior to the community and the organization, etc. All of these positive outcomes can work effectively in persuading the leaders to become one ethical and effective leader in the end.

From this event, what I learned is why ethics is highly emphasized in leadership. For one part, the ethics are fundamentally about a relationship between people. For another, leadership uses power to influence. Also, we can find that morality magnified in leadership. According to this, a fair knowledge can be obtained that morality is a significant part to be done if one would like to become an ethical and effective leader. At the same time, what has to be pointed out is that context matters in business ethics and the standards for business ethics are different when different contexts are considered.

Thinking about this event, it is a shame for me to say that I always take it for granted that act lawfully is the same as acting ethically. As a matter of fact, acting lawfully is not the same as acting ethically, which is much to my surprise. As far as I am concerned, act lawfully is the same as acting ethically and we are ethical as long as we always obey the law. Nevertheless, I am completely wrong because act lawfully is not the same as acting ethically and sometimes acting lawfully is not ethical at all. Based on this, it is obvious that I cannot take something for granted in approaching days and it is better for me to research about one thing before I make my own assumption.

Conclusion

To sum up, a reasonable conclusion can be drawn that leaders have to master as many leadership concepts as possible in order that they can later use them in the workplace. As for the followers, they can also equip themselves with those leadership concepts in order that they may use them when they are promoted to be leaders one day. At the same time, the leaders are better to figure out the most proper leadership style based on the contexts so that all the tasks and goals can be achieved wonderfully in the end. However, what is a pity to say is that the analysis of the above learning events or the ethics learning event may be somewhat subjective because of my lacking of experience, which requires your precious suggestions and comments. Only in this way can the value of this paper be played to the full in the end.

References

Abert John, R. 2000. Followership: Leadership styles. ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.

Association of California School Administration. 2000. Leadership. Association of California School Administration.

Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.

Burns, James MacGergor. 2010. Leadership. HarperPerennial.

Christianity Today, Inc. 1980. Leadership. Christianity Today, Inc.

Collinson, David L. 2011. Leadership. SAGE.

Hackman, Michale Z. 2009. Leadership: a communication perspective. Waveland Press.

John C. Maxwell. January 20, 2001. The Power of Leadership. David C. Cook.

Lena Maslennikova. 2007. Leader-Centered Versus Follower-Centered Leadership Styles. Retrieved online from: https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/lao/issue_11/maslennikova.htm.

Lewin, K., LIippit, R., & White, R. K. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology, 10,271-301.

Kevin Cashman. November 9, 2017. 8 Principles of Purpose-Driven Leadership. Retrieved online from: https://www.success.com/8-principles-of-purpose-driven-leadership/.

Maxwell, J. (2006). The best ways to please your boss. Audio lecture retrieved August 2, 2007.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创essay代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的essay代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多essay代写范文 提供代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Assignment代写：Descartes and the Cartesian Circle

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Descartes and the Cartesian Circle，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了笛卡尔和笛卡尔圆。笛卡尔圆，指的是笛卡尔通过证明上帝的存在来论证真理规律。笛卡尔圆基于两个命题。笛卡尔认为一个人之所以能感知事物的真相，是因为他确信上帝的存在。认识到上帝的存在，人们就不应该再怀疑自己清晰而鲜明的感知。仁慈全能的上帝不可能赋予人类容易被欺骗的本性。因此，正是上帝创造的人性产生了清晰而鲜明的感知。人们不应该对清晰而鲜明的观念有任何怀疑。

The aim of this paper is to discuss the way Descartes proposes to escape the radical scepticism and whether the attempt is successful based on his philosophical work Meditations. This paper argues that Descartes tries to escape the radical scepticism through the belief in the existence of a benevolent and omnipotent God. His attempt does not fall into circularity and succeed in defeating the radical scepticism. This paper will first give an explanation of Descartes’s radical scepticism as well as the Cartesian Circle. Then, there will be a discussion about contradictory nature of the Cartesian Circle and the reasons for Descartes falling into the Cartesian Circle that leads to the failure.

Descartes argues that people should be skeptical about everything and be careful about believing what they perceive. People’s judgement about the outside world can be wrong because the deceiving nature of their senses. The basic principle of Descartes’s radical scepticism is to be skeptical about the truth of beliefs in order to determine which beliefs are true and which are not. He thinks that people’s senses and knowledge are unreliable, and he even doubts the process of reasoning. There are three propositions of doubt providing the foundation for Descartes’s radical point of scepticism. He first becomes skeptical about what he believes he already knows. Everything include a potential item of doubt should be rejected. After he identifies his false beliefs, he finds the foundations that support these beliefs and get rid of them. At last, he reach the complete scepticism by no long trusting anything that has deceived him. Descartes proposes the technique for doubting. First, people should only accept information that is true. They should break down the truths into smaller parts. Then, they solve the simple problems first and deal with more complex problems afterwards. Through this process, people can identify the most genuine truth and regard it as the foundation for knowledge. However, it should be noted that by doubting the truth of belief, the ultimate goal of Descartes’s radical scepticism is to establish a belief system of only genuinely true beliefs and provides a undoubtable foundation for the sciences. The way Descartes attempts to build a belief system that can escape the radical scepticism is through the existence of a benevolent and omnipotent God.

The Cartesian Circle refers to the Descartes’s reasoning towards the truth rule by proving the existence of God. The fundamental basis of the Cartesian Circle is the existence of a benevolent and omnipotent God. Cartesian Circle is based on two propositions. First, Descartes thinks the reason for an individuals to perceive the truth in things is that he is certain that God exists and is not a deceiver. He believes that it is impossible for a benevolent God to deceive people into believing things that are not true. As God is a perfect being and creates all the properties of human beings, whatever people clearly and distinctly conceive is true. Knowing the existence of God, people should no longer have a doubt about their clear and distinct perceptions. God is very powerful in making sure people are not deceived by things that are not true. Therefore, the existence of God is the basis of people’s clear and distinct perceptions toward things in the world. Descartes attributes the truth of things to the existence of God. The second proposition is that clear and distinct perceptions ensure that what people believe is the truth. It is not possible for a benevolent and omnipotent God to give humans a nature that is easily deceivable. Therefore, it is the human nature created by God that generates clear and distinct perceptions. People should not have a doubt towards clear and distinct perceptions.

The contradictory part of the Cartesian Circle lies in that people cannot be certain about the existence of a benevolent God unless they have clear and distinct perceptions. In trying to prove the existence of God, people have to depend on what they can clearly and distinctly perceive. This is contradict to the first proposition that people can only gain clear and distinct perceptions due to the existence of a benevolent and omnipotent God. However, this paper believes that the Cartesian Circle is not a circular argument. As God is the basis for Descartes’ the Cartesian Circle, Descartes’s perceptions about God should be discussed. In the Second Meditation, Descartes reveals a universal truth that the individual exists as a thinking thing. This emphasizes the thinking activities as an intuition of one's own existence as well as prove the genuine truth that people can be certain about their own existence. Based on the this, Descartes expand his theories to explore other indubitable knowledge. He tries to prove the existence of God by relating to the imperfection of human beings. Descartes believes that the individual is an imperfect being who has to accept something more formal and real than himself. The existence of human beings as imperfect individuals is because something perfect has created them, which leads to the conclusion that there is a perfect being existing formally. Descartes thinks God as the only perfect being who is able to use his power of create the ideas of human beings. After proving the existence of God, Descartes tries to identify the nature of God, that is, whether there exists a benevolent God or a deceiving God. Descartes states that he “must examine whether there is a God, and, if there is, whether he can be a deceiver” (CSM II 25).

Taking into consideration of the possibility of a deceiving God can be regarded as the most comprehensive doubts of one’s beliefs as people are taught to trust in God without doubt. The belief in God is the most fundamental component of people’s trust in the world. If God is a truly omnipotent deceiver, then God has the ability to render every perception of human beings false by changing the reality of the world. This leads to the result that it is impossible for people to find the truth in anything because there is no truth that can be perceived by people due to God’s will. However, since the senses of human beings can be very deceiving, Descartes believes that God has no reason to deceive human beings. On the other hand, to believe in a deceiving God will lead to any attempt in building a belief system in vain. At this point, Descartes succeeds in escaping the radical scepticism as he has overcome the great skeptical challenge-the scepticism against the creator of all the substances. Therefore, Descartes choose to believe the existence of a benevolent God as the foundation of his further exploration.

When Descartes proposes the truth rule that “whatever I perceive very clearly and distinctly is true” (CSM II 24), the existence of a perfectly good God is used as the necessary condition for the clear and distinct perception. It is should be noted that the existence of a benevolent God does not justify the truth of clear and distinct perceptions, but the accuracy of human beings’ memories. What God guarantees is what previously has been clearly and distinct perceived remains true now. Therefore, in regards to the Cartesian Circle, Descartes’s proposition that individuals perceive the truth in things because that he is certain of the existence of a good God actually means that a good God will not alter human beings’ perceptions to deceive them. This is contrary to a deceiving God that renders every human beings’ perception false and prevents them from the truth of things. The second proposition of the Cartesian Circle is that people have to depend on what they can clearly and distinctly perceive to prove the existence of God. Descartes thinks that the existence of God has been proved the existence of imperfect beings – humans themselves. God endows humans with a nature that can recognize the truth in things with their clear and distinct perceptions. Human beings’ awareness of a good God is also attributed to the nature of human beings as well as the benevolence of God.

In conclusion, this assignment have discussed the way Descartes proposes to escape the radical scepticism and the success of his attempt in achieving this goal. Descartes propose the basic principle in the Mediation as the scepticism against what people perceive. He also identifies techniques of being doubtful about the truth in things. However, he is able to identifies several truth rules in order to build a belief systems that can escape radical scepticism. The Cartesian Circle is an important way for escaping radical scepticism as it believes in the existence of a benevolent and omnipotent God. The Cartesian Circle does not fall into circularity because of two reasons. Fist, the existence of a benevolent God is contrary to the deceiving God who keeps truth from human beings. The existence of a benevolent God is predominant factor for humans to recognize truths. Second, the clear and distinct perceptions is the ability given by God to recognize the truth in things. Human beings’ perception of a good God is attributed to the nature of human beings as well as the benevolence of God.

Reference:

Cottingham, J., Stoothoff, R. & Murdoch, D. (1984). eds. and trans. Meidation on First Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创assignment代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的assignment代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多assignment代写范文 提供北美作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

如何克服论文写作的情绪障碍

不知道留学生是否遇到过这种情况，就是在写作论文之前，心情非常烦躁，所以就不想去碰论文了。其实这是很正常的情况，毕竟作为普通人，我们也有心情不好的时候，不过这种时候拖着论文也不行，所以我们要做的就是克服这种情绪障碍，然后写好论文。

1.研究生或博士阶段应该尽早修完所有课程并完成相应的考试

这不仅让你因此清除了准备学位论文前的障碍，而且在成功完成这些任务后，也可以提高我们的自信，相信自己能够完成一篇出色的学位论文。

2.给自己留一点私密空间，创造写论文的仪式感

仪式感是生活中必不可少的部分，法国童话《小王子》里说：仪式感，就是使某一天与其他日子不同，使某一刻与其他时刻不同。

即使是写论文，我们也可以让它变得精致庄重起来。

工作越有仪式感，就可以越快速地进入心理学家米哈里提出的“心流”状态。这种状态，就好像是在玩游戏时，一路升级的那种兴奋和忘我的状态，不想被打扰，简直停不下来。

在家里或者办公室辟一小块空间专门用于做和论文有关的事，这个空间必须要神圣化。

有时候，买点喜欢的墙纸或者壁画贴在书桌前面，即使打印出来一些自己喜欢的图片挂在眼前，也能让心情大好，提高效率。

别的活动比如吃三明治午饭、接电话，都要离开这个地方在别处进行。实际上，这一招是用环境的刺激来影响执行力。

3.灵光一现的时候，立刻把想法记下来

可以用手机的备忘录或者随身带一个小笔记本。但别把想法毫无章法地堆在一起，要分门别类地写下来。

这是我经常携带的小本子，牛皮本是用来当日记本，记录一些心中的小灵感。另外是一本2019年的日程本，用来规划每天和即将要做的事情。

4.把你的想法多和别人讨论

有的学生在和别人讨论的时候最能激发他们的头脑风暴，而有些性格内向的人，则更喜欢独处，倾听自己内心的想法。其实不管是哪一种，多和别人讨论都能给我们一个全新的视角，有时候我自己就是这样突破瓶颈期的。

但是要注意，直接在口头交流心中的想法的效率其实很低，别人不可能在短短时间内明白你的意思。而且心中的想法非常琐碎，缺少条理。只有细心整理的文档才应该被传阅后获得别人建设性的意见。

5.每次和导师交流的时候，不仅要沟通研究思路，也可以大方地袒露自己的担心和疑虑

对于导师来说，他们的工作不仅是学术指导，情绪梳理也是工作的重要一部分。所以尽情的寻求他们的帮助吧！

通过导师们的交流，大部分导师都怕学生害羞，回避老师，因为不知道学生的心中所想。而学生也更多的是在心中猜测老师，或者花费大量的时间和周围的朋友讨论老师的行为。但是彼此猜测是一件非常消耗却无用的事情。

6.做好日计划、周计划

论文，尤其是学位论文，几乎是我们求学生涯首屈一指的大挑战。

我们应该把它分割成许多块容易管理的小工作，一次处理一个—Research Proposal，Literature Review、，Methods、Results、Discussion and Conclusion…如果把任务搅和在一起不分主次，最后的论文也会变成一坨浆糊。

还有最重要的是，保存和备份！

每周安排出定量的时间留给论文，一份好的计划能让你远离偷懒和拖延症。

完成学术周期的时间跨度很长，这是一项孤独的工作，有时候强迫自己一下很有必要，咬紧牙关做完它！

7.享受生活，以退为进

读书，健身，听音乐，逛街都是放松的好方法。不要以为这是浪费时间，小小的“走神儿”一下，回来带着些许“愧疚感”和“愉悦感”的心情工作和学习，会让你效率提高很多哦。

要是实在忍不住了，也可以偶尔放松一下远离工作。以高标准要求自己的同时，也要学会原谅自己。

以上就是关于克服论文写作情绪障碍的一些方法，如果同学们在心情不好的时候还有论文作业的话，可以尝试一下这些方法。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：English tea culture and English literature

本篇paper代写- English tea culture and English literature讨论了英国茶文化与英国文学。英国茶文化是英国文化的标志性特征之一，具有高贵优雅的气质，并深刻地影响了人们的生活方式和意识形态。英国虽然只有短短几百年的饮茶历史，但英国文学家却对茶叶有着深厚的感情。茶在英国经过百余年的发展，逐渐融入英国文化，之后与英国文学有机结合，成为许多文学作品中不可或缺的组成部分。茶叶带给英国文学家一种全新且丰富的创作主体。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

The east India company in 1848, the royal botanic garden greenhouse director Robert? fortune came to China, he put tea tree seed in a made of special glass in the portable incubator, sneaking on the ship from China to India, so must more than tea sapling germinate in India, and then formed a large-scale tea garden. After tea was introduced into Europe, it was not so popular as coffee and cocoa, until it entered the British Isles far away from the European mainland, which miraculously set off the fashion of tea drinking, and thus produced a wonderful flower of the world tea culture -- British tea culture.

In English, the word Teatime refers to the amount of time spent drinking tea, which accounts for one in three British lives. English black tea is famous for its variety and rich contents. The main contents include:

British people in the morning to drink "morning Tea", also known as "eye Tea", namely Earlymorning Tea, sometimes before the morning Tea will also have "bedside Tea", that is, the morning when you wake up against the bed can enjoy the Tea. Morning tea is mainly black tea as the main drink, is one of the important contents of the British signature tea, it is rich and fresh in one, color and taste are quite outstanding. Legitimate morning tea to select Assam, Ceylon, Kenya and other places of black tea modulation, so the taste of breakfast tea from Ceylon, concentration from Assam, color from Kenya, it can be seen that the British morning tea is quite exquisite, the most suitable for drinking after getting up in the morning.

This is the least known British tea drinking habit, also known as "sabbatical", which lasts about 20 minutes. At 1l in the morning, British people, whether aristocrats enjoying life at home or busy working group, all take a short rest and drink a cup of tea at this time. They call it elevens, namely, light meal at 11 o 'clock in the morning, so morning tea can be regarded as a good way to relieve British people from work. Generally speaking, morning tea is the simplest part of English tea because it cannot be very complicated due to the constraint of objective conditions.

English name is Afternoon Tea, which is actually the carrier of British Tea culture in the true sense. British Tea enjoys a worldwide reputation by virtue of its rich connotation and elegant form of "British Afternoon Tea" -- black Tea culture, and "British Afternoon Tea" has become a symbol of British people's elegant life. The special tea sources for afternoon tea are pure tea with traditional flavor, such as darjeeling tea, earl grey tea, gunpowder green tea or Ceylon tea. If you choose milk tea, you need to pour milk before putting tea water.

The etiquette of proper English afternoon tea is very particular. First of all, the time for tea should be four o 'clock in the afternoon; Second, in the Victorian era, men had to wear tuxedos and women gowns; The 3rd, in tea party it is to wear formal dress to serve for the guest personally normally by goodwife, must just let maidservant assist, with respect to the guest thereby. Finally, there are afternoon tea snacks, usually served on three layers of dessert porcelain, with sandwiches on the first, scones on the second and cakes and fruit tarts on the third, always from the bottom up.

When tea arrived in Britain, its selling point was its medicinal properties. As a result, Chinese tea, then sold in Britain, was a magical, cure-all medicine. In 1699, a clergyman named orrington wrote a whole paper on nature and the quality of tea. In the article, he fully affirmed the good effects of tea in the treatment of diabetes, gallstones, urinary stones, kidney stones, edema, weak vision and other areas, and repeatedly recommended that everyone should drink tea instead of wine. He believed that tea can keep people awake and feel happy, and it is a kind of enjoyable drink.

When "black tea queen" -- after the catharine princess of Portugal marries British king Charlie 2 in 1662, tea and tea ceremony begin to be popularized in England, Chinese tea is changed gradually by the plant that has medicinal property for fashionable life is indicative, British high society evolves its to have a kind of exotic emotional appeal and the lifestyle of luxurious sex. "Tea" began to be active as a kind of drink. Even though the high price makes many people stop, there is still a fixed market and consumer group.

During the reign of queen Victoria, with the expansion of British colonial trade, overseas tea sources continued to increase, and the British import tariff also decreased year by year. Tea finally entered the life of ordinary people from the position of luxury. With the decline of the consumption class, great changes have taken place in the way the British people consume tea. The British are very creative in adding sugar, milk and honey to their red tea soup, and sometimes even more bizarre things like whisky, butter and eggs. The addition of other substances to tea was a revolution in tea consumption, making tea more practical. However, the British reform of Chinese tea also completed the localization of tea after the introduction, so tea drinking is more common. Around 1750, tea had become a staple of the English middle class's buttered toast breakfast.

For more than a century, tea became almost the national drink of Britain. From the beginning of medicine in the 17th century, it became a national consumer product in the 18th century. The prosperity of the consumer society, in turn, improved the taste of tea. In the 18th century, tea gardens specializing in the consumption of tea drinks appeared in the British society, necessary costumes and utensils for drinking tea appeared, and even art forms such as tea dance were born.

The real tea culture of Britain was born in the Victorian era of the 19th century. The invention of afternoon tea meant that tea drinking got rid of the status of simple food culture and gradually became a synonym of elegant life. As a leisure culture, tea drinking in turn promotes a new round of changes in the consumption pattern and social values of British society.

English afternoon tea is the most gorgeous, delicate and luxurious way to eat. In the afternoon tea activities in Britain, the requirements on the environment are extremely strict, which must reflect the close combination between the British high culture and the natural life. At the same time, the choice of afternoon tea must be high-grade tea, tea sets and meals have clear specifications. This systematic requirement represents the generation of a higher cultural form -- not a simple means to solve the problem of food and clothing, but a life style that integrates aesthetic value and practical value, and has become one of the important means of social entertainment.

British tea art is the external manifestation of British tea culture, and British tea ceremony is the spirit carried out in the process of tea art, which can be combined with the philosophy of life. The combination of tea art and tea ceremony is the result of highly unified material and spirit. What can truly reflect the essence of British tea ceremony is exactly the British people's requirements for tea sets and basic etiquette.

At the same time, in addition to strict tea drinking standards, British tea culture also has certain requirements on the environment for drinking tea. What British people advocate is the elegant life of aristocrats. The afternoon tea party is a social occasion for people to judge their personal culture, and it is also the best way to study social etiquette and show the elegant demeanor of gentlemen and ladies. Men are dressed formally and appropriately, and tea sets are handled gently to ensure the quietness of the tea room. Women speak with grace and poise, and when people pass by, they move politely and smile. In a formal afternoon tea party you can fully feel the impact of English literary temperament and personal cultivation.

Therefore, in addition to the content of tea art and tea ceremony, British tea ceremony is also reflected in British culture, which is the reason why a country really has "tea ceremony". Peculiar to the British afternoon tea culture is a reflection of the national spirit, the British landmark elegant, noble entirely concentrated in the nation is elegant and luxuriant tea ceremony, even brilliant history already not, but the cohesion in the pursuit of quality of life in the tea culture and the traditional remembrance, also one of the British people blood, can not erase.

Compared with China and Japan, Britain has only a few hundred years of tea drinking history, but British writers have a deep affection for tea. After more than a hundred years of development in Britain, tea gradually integrated into British culture, and then organically combined with English literature, became an indispensable part of many literary works. Tea has brought British writers a new and rich creative subject.

Keats wrote of lovers waiting for their tea, nibbling at their toast and waiting for it to cool with a sigh. Byron called tea "the tears of China." he was "moved by the tears of China -- the goddess of green tea. According to the biography of byron, he kept his tea habit even when he went to Greece to fight in the armed forces: "as soon as he got up in the morning, he went to work. Then have a cup of tea and ride out on business. When you come back, eat some cheese and fruit. Read by night." Of course, black tea is not his only choice. When referring to Chinese tea, he often mentions two types: black tea and green tea:

I actually

Sadly, blame the Chinese green tea,

The fairy of tears! She's better than Cassandra the witch

Much more effective, because as long as I drink it

Three cups of pure juice shall make my heart glad,

So they had to turn to wuyi's black tea;

It's a pity that drinking is bad for you.

And drinking tea and coffee makes people take themselves too seriously.

In a long poem written in 1820 by Shelley, a famous poet of the same period, Letter to Maria Gisbome reads:

The medicine man complained about the drink, and I

Will drink in spite of counsel, when death comes

We will flip a coin to decide who will die first for tea.

Tea is holy, prose is beautiful, so what will be the combination of tea and prose? English prose leaves us with the pleasant, leisurely, wonderful memory of drinking tea. "The four seasons of essays", formerly known as The Private cca shut of Henry Ryecroft is George? gissing prose masterpiece, narrative is a hermit Henry ? lake loft indulged in The books, The natural scenery and memories of The past life, The author recorded The time of afternoon tea and tea, character, The etiquette, etc, expressing his feelings for tea tea and family atmosphere and touches.

"One of the bright moments of my day is when I come back from my afternoon walk a little tired, and take off my boots and put on my slippers, and hang up my outdoor coat, and put on my comfortable, family coat, and sit in my deep soft armchair, and wait for the tea tray, or at tea time, these are the most pleasant and restful feelings I have. With the appearance of the teapot, the rich fragrance wafted into my study, how wonderful. What comfort the first cup brought to my heart, and how leisurely I drank it afterwards; What warmth it brings after a walk in the cold rain! Looking at my books and pictures at the same time, enjoying the happiness of having them. I look at my pipe; Or, with an air that seemed thoughtful, I prepared to pack tobacco. As a matter of fact, the leaf is no longer after tea -- it is itself a mild and sensible thing -- so soothing, so suggestive of human thought."

After tea arrived in England, it was not only a "friend of MUSES", "nectar of gods" or a source of inspiration for poets, but also sought after by many novelists. It is said that "tea drinking covers almost all English novels". This is an exaggeration, but the fact is enough to prove that English novels are full of tea fragrance and tea culture.

The Pickwick Papers, by Charles Dickens, a famous Victorian novelist, has been used 86 times, far more than other works. Dickens's account of a monthly meeting of the brick street chapter of the church temperance union is so impressive that Mr Weller, the hero, is transfixed when he sees that they can drink so much tea. The description not only expresses people's enthusiasm for the temperance movement at that time, but also affirms the special role of tea in the temperance movement in Britain.

Tea is not only a kind of drink and food, but also a kind of art work. It is also a history of culture, medicine and literature. Through tea, we can see a country's art, culture, literature and so on. Tea from the east to the west, from China to Britain, experienced a rocky road, like the growth process of life, and eventually mature. In Britain, tea was first a "medicine", then a luxury for the aristocracy, and finally a necessity for the national drink, which has evolved into the popular black tea culture in the world today. This process is long but adds to the beauty of Britain's history, culture and society.

要想成绩好，英国论文得写好，51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯，专业辅导，还为你提供专业英国essay代写，paper代写，report代写，需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ：800020041或者Wechat：Abby0900吧。

Essay代写：The cynicism

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The cynicism，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了犬儒主义。古希腊的犬儒主义主张简单的物质生活，崇尚自由的人生。犬儒主义精神对后世的西方艺术产生的深远的影响。犬儒主义尊重自由的意志，直接影响了表现主义艺术。犬儒主义倾向于返璞归真的人生态度，对印象派绘画也产生了显著的影响。犬儒主义反对权威主义，具有强烈的叛逆精神，成为了现代派艺术革新的依据。

Cynicism is a famous school of philosophy in ancient Greece. There are different accounts of the origins of cynicism. One was a student of Socrates, antistus, who "taught at the stadium of the white dog outside Athens and became known as the cynic." Is worth pondering, Cynicism modern English noun to Cynicism, it is another meaning of Cynicism and sarcasm. This meaning is in keeping with the actions and ideas of the cynics. Another is a cynical thinker who pursues a free-spirited, dog-like lifestyle, thus gaining the title of "cynicism."

The representative of the cynics was Diogenes, who was born a little later than Plato and was a student of antistus, the founder of the cynics. Diogenes was born with a silver spoon in his mouth, but he voluntarily gave up a rich life. He is said to live in a bucket, dressed in rags, and eats roadside junk like a dog. Cynics despise social etiquette. The cynics Diogenes, crates, and hipparchia had sex in public and in public, as if they were back in primitive and animal times. Cynics believe that nature and instinct are normal and natural, and they advocate abandoning those hypocritical social norms and getting rid of the infatuation with luxury, so as to achieve a real free life. Once Alexander the great visited Diogenes and asked him what gifts he needed. He said, "I wish you would get out of my way." Alexander the great later said, "If I were not Alexander, I would be Diogenes." The Bohemian Diogenes was deeply respected by the most powerful men of his time. At the time, Alexander and Diogenes were probably the freest men in the world, for one was the supreme ruler of the empire and the other was a self-indulgent cynic.

Cynicism advocates simple material life and opposes people's pursuit of material and spiritual enjoyment other than meeting the basic needs of survival. The core idea of cynicism is to oppose all authority and hypocritical ethics. Cynicism is not only against the rulers of the world, but also against the gods of religion, so it has positive significance to the progressive thinkers in the Renaissance and enlightenment. In thought and action, cynics usually display a distinct personality.

Cynicism is a unique phenomenon in the history of western culture. Their influence may not compare with that of Plato or Aristotle, but it is always there. From today's perspective, the way of life of the cynics is like a piece of performance art. During the Renaissance, the famous painter Raphael created the famous fresco "the college of Athens". Athens college is one of the representative works of Raphael with the theme of famous thinkers and artists of ancient Greece. It can be seen that ancient Greek culture has a high position in the minds of artists during the Renaissance. Above the steps in the center are Plato and his student Aristotle. They are having a heated argument. Plato held timaeus in his left hand and pointed to heaven with his right hand, as if to say, "the reason is beyond." Aristotle held the ethics in his left hand, stretched out his right hand and pressed it down, as if to say, "the reason is in the thing itself." In addition, there are Pythagoras, Socrates, Epicurus and other famous figures. It is noteworthy that in the middle of the steps lies a man in rags, the cynic Diogenes. In the painting, his personality is very prominent. Except for his clothes and posture, other people are clustered together, but he lies alone in the center of the painting. Presumably in Raphael's mind, Diogenes was personal and important. As we know, the Renaissance period was an important period of personality liberation in the west, and the cynicism of praising and supporting individuality undoubtedly exerted a positive influence on Renaissance art.

Cynicism respects the free will, except for not doing anything against the law, the believers of the cynics are arbitrary and do not follow the norms. This tendency of reflecting free will has already appeared in romantic art, and it is more obvious in modern art like expressionism and abstraction. For example, kandinsky's abstract painting completely broke away from the traditional concept of imitation, doodling and venting at will, just like the way of the cynics.

Expressionist art completely abandons the "imitation theory" concept which had long been dominant in the west before the 19th century, and advocates self-expression. That is to say, artistic creation is no longer the process of imitating the objective world and objects, but the free expression of subjective feelings, images and fantasies. Cynicism also advocates that everyone should not be tempted by external material temptation, and completely allow the freedom of the heart. In this sense, the artistic spirit of expressionism is very compatible with the spirit of cynicism.

Cynicism actively confronts the alienation of human civilization and tends to the attitude of returning to its original simplicity. Both Christian civilization and industrial civilization have obvious alienation of human nature. Under the shackles of civilization, human nature has been suppressed. In Freud's view, these repressed natures become unconscious. Cynics, on the other hand, pull the unconscious out of the depths of the mind, or never form it, and blatantly act out what "civilized people" would call madness.

The behavior of some later western artists is just like that of the cynics. Paul gauguin, the French impressionist painter, quit his job in the bank and gave up his luxurious life in France to live with the original inhabitants of the remote Pacific island of Tahiti. He created a series of famous paintings based on Tahiti and founded the so-called "savage art school". Gauguin once said, "the primitive, instinctive, suggestive art comes out of the spirit and USES nature." His painting "where did we come from? Who are we? Where are we going? As if it were a modern response to a cynical ideal. Matisse, the brutalist French painter, often painted primitive figures that were wild, unclothed, and without a trace of obscenity or affectation.

Cynicism opposes all authority and idols, which happens to coincide with western modernist art. Western modernist art is mostly opposed to the traditional concept of art. The most famous is duchamp, a modern artist. He once bought a man's urinal and named it quan. This work completely subverts people's understanding of the concept of art. To give the dirty urinal a "spring" name is undoubtedly a mockery of the classical artistic concept of beauty and harmony.

Examples of extreme iconoclasia also exist in the history of modern music. John cage is an American musician of the 20th century and a representative of "accidental music". He created a lot of unique music works. "Schoenberg's remark that John cage was' more an inventor than a composer 'is an exaggeration. But there is something in it." John cage's most personal work is entitled "four minutes and thirty-three seconds". During the performance of this work, the player sits at the piano, opens the cover, but does not play, sits quietly for four minutes and 33 seconds, and then closes the cover. The whole process does not appear any music sound, just open and close the piano cover at the specified time to indicate the beginning and end of music. It's not like people don't hear anything during the whole process. For example, people can hear the cough of the audience and the sound of their own breathing. Just like duchamp's spring changed people's fundamental concept of art. John cage's four minutes and thirty-three seconds turned music on its head. This spirit of rebellion and cynicism in a similar way.

想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里，51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务，为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有；未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象，51Due保留一切法律追诉权。