Essay代写：Marine Internet

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Marine Internet，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了海洋互联网。海洋互联网的初衷是将陆地互联网尽量无缝地延伸到海洋环境中，为在海洋环境中的用户提供互联网服务，其重要性和意义不言而喻。另外，在海洋这个特殊的环境中，海洋互联网还有许多潜在的应用。

Simply put, the Marine Internet is an extension of the terrestrial Internet in the Marine environment. It was proposed by the author in an invited report of a conference in 2012 and published in 2013. With the deepening of research, the connotation and application of Marine Internet and its influence on terrestrial Internet have been expanded and deepened. Especially in the aspect of application, the ocean from the Internet at the beginning as an extension of the land of the Internet, gradually developed into the existing maritime communication system and information collaboration platform in Marine environment, Marine conservation and the auxiliary defense communication system, and even Marine interconnection network concept can be applied to land in the Internet, to build national preparedness network.

Marine Internet tries to extend the terrestrial Internet to the ocean as seamlessly as possible, covering the underwater, water surface and air, so as to realize the integrated communication system of air, sky and sea. However, the ocean is so wide, deep and complex that there are huge differences between land and sea in terms of geographical environment, climatic conditions and user distribution characteristics. Therefore, at present, it is impossible to find a single communication mode that can adapt to the Marine environment and meet various communication requirements, and there is no single network technology that can meet the requirements of the connectivity of different users in the ocean.

Aiming at these problems, proposed the ocean of the Internet in the study of early implementation approach, it is using all available communications network resources in networking, but does not depend on any one kind of specific network resource and operation, and in the process of operation, according to need to adjust the network real time, to maximize meet the requirements of application. Mature communication network technologies currently available include land mobile communication network and maritime radio communication system, which can be used to build shore-based networks and provide seamless Marine Internet services for users in coastal waters. Meanwhile, various dynamic topological wireless networks are used to extend the coverage of shore-based networks. Using various opportunity networks to provide opportunistic network services; Adopt high-altitude communication platform to meet the temporary requirements of specific occasions; Satellites are a last resort when satellite services are not cost-effective and other networks are available, but when terrestrial services cannot be seamlessly extended to offshore waters, satellite communications are the only way to serve those waters. Wireless self-organizing network is used underwater and interconnection is realized through various networks on the surface of water and submarine observation network.

This section briefly discusses the prospects of Marine Internet applications from typical applications in Marine environments that rely on data transmission. Different applications have different requirements on the cost performance of data transmission and the robustness and destruction resistance of the transmission system. According to these requirements, the application prospect of Marine Internet is roughly divided into four parts, that is, the extension of terrestrial Internet, the improvement of maritime communication system, the platform of Marine informatization application and national defense application.

It will seamlessly expand the existing land connectivity services to the offshore environment, providing cost-effective Internet services for Marine Internet users in the waters, such as seafarers, fishermen, users of offshore operating platforms, scientists engaged in Marine research and exploration, and even the military and civilians guarding the islands. The reason why the price performance ratio is highlighted here is that the current cost performance ratio of Internet services provided by satellites is not affordable for ordinary Internet users. China is developing "tiantong no. 1" is trying to change this situation, put forward to be called "cabbage price" service; But the new smartphones used in the service will retail for as little as 10, 000 yuan, and the cost of communications will start at 1 yuan per minute, about a tenth of what is currently paid by international mobile satellite companies.

With a long history of development, maritime communication system is an important communication platform for maritime transport and rescue, and plays a key role in ensuring te safety and efficiency of maritime transport operations. The existing maritime communication system mainly consists of shore-based maritime radio system and maritime satellite system. For the same reason, the price of inmarsat services remains high, raising the cost of maritime transport. Although shore-based maritime radio has been very mature, it cannot meet the increasing communication needs of current maritime transport due to the limitation of bandwidth. For example, the popularization and application of AIS system cannot support the new development needs of intelligent shipping marked by unmanned. According to statistics, more than 70% of the world's logistics are completed by shipping, so the development of smart shipping will greatly improve the efficiency and safety of maritime transport, reduce the cost of maritime logistics, and further play a positive role in reducing the overall logistics cost.

In order to achieve the above objectives, maritime communication systems with better performance and higher cost performance need to be developed. Since Marine Internet can make the best use of various communication network resources, it can be used to improve or even change the pattern of existing maritime communication system. For example, the reference paper proposes to integrate the shore-based system of Marine interconnection with the shore-based system of maritime radio, not only sharing the infrastructure, but also allowing the maritime radio system to share the rich communication bandwidth of the mobile communication system to solve the development bottleneck. This will not only improve the performance and cost performance of existing maritime communication systems, but also give birth to new maritime communication systems and form a new maritime communication equipment industry. This is especially important for China's related industries, as most of the current maritime communication system equipment is imported.

Like land Internet, sea Internet can provide a unified development platform for different information applications, enabling users of these applications to achieve connectivity. These applications mainly include the following aspects: backbone network of Marine Internet of things, optimization of resource allocation of Marine communication network, collaborative platform of Marine operations and development path of intelligent ocean.

The terrestrial Internet of things consists of wireless sensor networks and terrestrial Internet. The former is a means to connect objects with cyberspace, and the latter is a platform to connect wireless sensor networks distributed in different areas across space and time, so as to realize the interconnection of all things. Similarly, the ocean Internet of things requires the ocean Internet to connect sensor networks in different areas of water and underwater.

The ocean Internet of things is roughly divided into two parts: the sea surface and the underwater Internet of things. The Internet of things on the sea surface is mainly composed of sensors installed on surface ships, buoys and various platforms, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed/direction, rainfall, positioning and other sensors. Unmanned ships also need to be equipped with other sensors to collect data on the impact of navigation inside and outside the vessel. Although a self-organizing network can be formed between ships, it cannot meet the needs of large-scale data collection and transmission.

The underwater Internet of things consists of various underwater sensor networks, which are used in environmental monitoring, underwater detection, disaster prediction, port security and national defense. Typical sensors include water temperature, salinity, velocity, sonar, and various biological and chemical sensors. However, due to the limitation of physical properties, underwater sensors are mainly connected by underwater acoustic network. And some characteristics of underwater acoustic communication, such as not long distance high-speed transmission, slow speed and quality of the channel is not stable, etc., makes the individual underwater acoustic sensor networks cannot cover large area underwater high-speed, therefore, need to use the Internet ocean will be distributed in different sea area of wireless sensor network (WSN), and to form a wide range of effective coverage.

At present, the data transmission problems encountered by users in the Marine environment can be divided into two aspects: the internal data transmission problem of the network, that is, the data transmission between the nodes in the network of users themselves. Network external data transmission problem, that is, users need to transfer data to external nodes, such as land servers. At present, most users can only buy third-party services, such as mobile services near the coast and satellite services far from the coast.

Currently, users generally purchase the above services alone, and the purchased services cannot be Shared to share the cost. As mentioned above, compared with mobile communication services, the current cost performance of satellite services is still very low; Therefore, when a mobile user is near the coast, it is better to use mobile communication service, and then use satellite service if necessary. Satellite service packages generally offer pre-paid and post-paid services, with the former paying a certain amount of data at a time and the latter paying according to actual consumption. The former tends to be relatively cheap, but once used up, it's wasted.

Ocean Internet can provide a sharing platform of communication network resources, and adjust the allocation of communication network resources in real time according to the user's location and application requirements, so as to reduce the communication cost of users. The main operating points are as follows: A shall purchase A certain number of mobile communication services and satellite services, and try to make use of some other network resources, such as ship ad-hoc network; Users purchase services from A rather than directly from the communication service provider; According to the application requirements and location changes of users, A selects better cost-effective service for A in real time, so as to reduce the communication cost of users.

There are a number of human activities in the sea, in addition to the familiar activities such as fishing, shipping, tourism, and oil and gas production, along with a variety of Marine environment investigation, detection, disaster early warning and the scientific research and other activities, such as Marine climate, tidal and observation of red tides and hydrological data collection, earthquake, tsunami, etc natural disaster early warning, Marine resources exploration, mining and transportation, Marine atmosphere, biology, physics, chemistry and geographical aspects of scientific research, etc. But at present these activities are almost all carried out alone, lack of communication between each other, more unable to cooperate, the "Kowloon water control" situation.

Activities in the ocean cost a lot, and the companies involved want to work together to reduce costs. However, currently, there is no unified, convenient and cost-effective communication network platform to share information and coordinate activities, nor can it connect devices deployed in the ocean to achieve effective remote control and sharing, mainly due to the lack of cost-effective Marine Internet of things. The role of the Marine Internet in building the Marine Internet of things and supporting information sharing has been discussed above, so it can also play a positive role in building collaborative platforms for Marine operations.

Based on the improvement of the Marine information collection and transmission system, smart ocean systematically integrates the equipment and activities in the three fields of Marine rights and interests, control and development, so as to realize the sharing of Marine resources and coordination of Marine activities. At present, intelligent ocean is not only a hot topic concerned by relevant industries, but also an integral part of China's strategy of developing a maritime power. Although the specific connotation of intelligent ocean still needs to be improved, several elements of realizing intelligent ocean are clear. First of all, there is a large amount of raw, multi-dimensional, multi-granularity and time-space data to be collected, and at the same time, these massive data need to be processed, integrated and Shared effectively. These operations are inseparable from the Marine Internet. Similarly, various instruments and equipment distributed in the ocean need to be controlled remotely, and different sea-related units need to cooperate effectively. These practical activities are inseparable from the effective transmission of data and need the support of the ocean Internet.

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Assignment代写：Student-based education

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Student-based education，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了生本教育。生本教育的核心涵义是在教育中必须一切为了学生，高度尊重学生，全面依靠学生。生本教育在中小学教育领域中已有一定的运用。而在大学教育领域，本是以已具备独立思考能力、独立学习能力的大学生为教育对象，但仍是以教师为主体，至今并未完全被生本教育的理念所覆盖。

Student-oriented education was first proposed by professor guo sile from guangdong institute of educational sciences, whose core meaning is "in education, we must do everything for students, respect them highly and rely on them comprehensively". Its feature is to restore the original position of teachers and students in education, and strive to adhere to student-oriented, life-oriented, reflecting the real nature and law of education, so that students can learn happily and grow happily.

On the contrary, the traditional education mode in China can be regarded as a kind of "teacher-based education", which takes teachers as the main body and ignores the individual development of students. Its classroom teaching mode is mainly lecture-based teaching and takes achievement as the most direct and important evaluation basis, which distorts the essence of education and thus tends to produce various educational problems.

The student-centered education breaks the traditional education mode, and emphasizes that the center of the classroom should be students rather than teachers, who are the helper of students in the learning process, as well as the guidance of the formation and development of their values, world outlook and outlook on life. Therefore, students can really change from receptive learning to autonomous learning. On this basis, student-based education can develop students' various abilities and improve their comprehensive quality, which is conducive to cultivating lifelong learning talents and meeting the requirements of social development.

Guided by this concept, researchers have conducted experiments in more than 100 primary and secondary schools, vocational secondary schools and kindergartens in China, Hong Kong, Macao and other places since 1999, and achieved remarkable results. In particular, the student-based education system in primary and junior middle schools has taken shape to a certain extent. Now the idea of student orientation is creeping into high school education. College education must also be based on students. However, research and practice in this area are still lacking.

College education has not been completely covered by the concept of student-based education, but the college classroom itself is a place in great need of the concept of student-based education. College students are a group of people with independent thinking ability, independent learning ability, and in the near future will enter the society to live and work independently. These characteristics of college students determine the necessity of implementing the concept of student-oriented education in college education. Its role and significance are as follows:

The "student-oriented" educational thought can guide the teaching work of psychology and help teachers to reflect on the existing curriculum content, so as to further design the classroom teaching content in line with students' interests and current level.

Let psychology students in the "life-oriented" classroom atmosphere more use of their own basic psychological knowledge, play the initiative, stimulate their thirst for knowledge, improve learning ability.

In the philosophy of student-centered education, providing students with problem situations stimulates them to think. If the questions asked are close to the real situation, they can help psychology students to understand more deeply the connection between the knowledge in the book and the real situation. Thinking about real problems can exercise their ability to solve problems.

Having students present their ideas several times will help them improve their ability of organization, communication, operation, oral expression and logical thinking.

This research aims at undergraduates of psychology. In this group of students, it tries to combine the concept of student-based education to carry out theoretical exploration supplemented by preliminary practice. The existing application scope of the concept of student-oriented education proposed by professor guo sile is limited to primary and secondary schools and has not been applied in universities. So in college students, especially undergraduates in psychology, is the concept of student-based education applicable? If so, what is the rationale?

Jaspers once said, "education is the education of the human soul, not the accumulation of irrational knowledge." This tells us that the so-called education is not only to teach students how much knowledge, but to change students' inner ability. As Einstein said, "when you have forgotten all your education, what remains is education." When we forget theoretical knowledge, we are left with only spiritual things, which guide our future life and work, and guide our life.

Therefore, how to apply the concept of student-based education in college education is a big problem in itself. We can explore the possibility of combining college education with the concept of student-based education from two basic aspects.

Combine the original knowledge with the actual situation and needs in class. College students need to learn a strong skill to really benefit in the future job market. To achieve this, it is not enough to rely only on learning and memorizing knowledge points in textbooks. However, the knowledge points in these textbooks are derived from the theoretical exploration and practical experience of predecessors, so these things must have their value. So, the key question is how to restore the essence of these books to their original form, which is probably something that we should think about as teachers. This requires teachers to be very familiar with the courses taught, but also to timely grasp the application of the subject update, follow up the pace of social development, to find its best combination with classroom teaching.

Try to adopt a more flexible teaching mode, combining teacher's teaching with students' discussion and lecture. Changes in teaching content will lead to changes in teaching methods. If this part of knowledge into practice is added in the classroom, it will strengthen students' motivation to apply what they have learned and improve their thinking enthusiasm. Teachers should provide students with more opportunities for discussion and presentation, display their thoughts and ideas, promote exchanges and interactions among students, and make the classroom atmosphere close to a brainstorming meeting. During the discussion, the teacher should remain planning, guiding and managing.

The goal of undergraduate education in applied psychology is to cultivate applied and compound psychological talents who can meet the practical needs of market economy, have the ability to use psychological knowledge to solve practical problems, and be competent for professional work in the fields of education, consultation, research and management. The realization of this goal depends on the practical effect of teaching. Application-oriented talents must constantly analyze and solve problems in the process of education, so as to exercise practical ability. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the undergraduate teaching of applied psychology according to the concept of student-based education, and focus on solving the following problems:

How to add some teaching contents that are combined with practice and in line with students' interests, but also focus on the course content is the most important thing. After teaching relevant theoretical knowledge to students in class, teachers need to turn their attention to guide students to conduct further analysis and transformation of these theoretical knowledge, combine them with their own experience, and deepen students' understanding. Furthermore, they need to be provided with some problem situations, in which students analyze and discuss practical problems through thinking, combining with some knowledge content learned before or even before, so as to promote their in-depth understanding of knowledge and cultivate their habit of positive thinking. The grasp of this part of the content depends on teachers in teaching work constantly summarize experience and lessons, actively communicate with other teachers, and good at using various resources to constantly collect new information to improve these methods.

Since the content of teaching has been strengthened, in order to better mobilize students' learning enthusiasm, it is necessary to give corresponding feedback to students' performance in this part of the content when evaluating students. In the past, students were assessed in the form of final examination plus ordinary scores. In most cases, the final examination is closely around the textbook content, and students should mainly rely on memory to recite the exam. However, most of the daily scores are mainly based on attendance, homework and other items. Although there will be extra points for classroom performance, it only plays a role of icing on the cake and does not account for a large proportion. However, if we take the idea of student-oriented education, students' performance in class should be a very important evaluation content in the process of their cultivation. Students' performance in class discussion and lecture can fully show their real thinking ability, expression ability, organization ability and even cooperation consciousness. Evaluating these aspects allows students to gradually learn how to adjust their behavior and where to direct their efforts. Therefore, teachers need to consider how to adjust the evaluation method appropriately and increase the corresponding scores of students' classroom performance.

It is necessary for teachers to create an equal and harmonious classroom atmosphere for students to participate in the discussion and lecture. Most students used to listen to the teacher, they may remain silent, only a few students are more active. Adding students to the discussion and presentation section means that students have to participate in the discussion, and how to encourage them to complete this class task is a difficult problem. First of all, this part should be given a certain amount of time, so that they have the opportunity to have a full discussion, learn to observe the performance of others, let the students gradually into the role, and prepare their own speech, and then it can be fully displayed. This can give every student something to learn and understand. What needs to be paid special attention to is that teachers should treat every student equally, can not discriminate against the underachievers, can not favor the top students, so as to allow students to express their views, learn from the strengths of all, common progress.

In addition to completing the existing course content, students should also put some energy into the preparation and summary of the course content. Today, with the highly developed information, college students are not satisfied with knowing the content of textbooks, they originally hope to expand their knowledge and broaden their horizon, and they have enough ability to collect relevant information. Therefore, if you want to arouse the enthusiasm of them, the teacher may will be related to the class discussion and presentation link content as assignments to students before class, let them to more fully prepared, and after the discussion, students are required to review and summary to the whole process, in addition to the content on the level of knowledge, more want to reflect on their own ability level, supervise the students self-management, self-improvement.

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Dissertation怎么写

Dissertation是留学生们最后一次写作的论文，当然，这次的Dissertation会比以前写作的论文要难很大，单单是字数，就是几十倍的差距。那么这么多字的Dissertation该怎么写呢？下面就给大家讲解一下。

Dissertation写作具体步骤

1、选定一个适合自己的题目

选择题目，无非是选择自己熟悉的或是导师熟悉的这两个最常见的选项，选择导师熟悉的比较方便导师指导。

大家可以去官网查看一下自己的导师的研究方向是什么，近期发表的论文以及自己的专业内容，然后选择一个自己最熟悉或者最感兴趣的方向。

阅读至少十篇相关文献，并根据这些文献简单地写一个Proposal（主要研究目的，确定模型和使用的变量），让老师帮忙考量一下。

两个人探讨一下这个题目有没有研究的意义，是否值得去写，如果选择这个题目那么难易程度如何，最终得到一个双方都满意的结果，并得出一个真正可行的研究内容。

我们自己的导师同时也是毕业论文最后打分的评审官之一，如果从选题开始就和导师保持良好的沟通，自然成绩就有可能会略高一下啦！

2、根据Proposal，搜集、整理数据，并完成计量回归

有些同学可能会问了：

“为什么不先写Literature review以及Methodology部分”

这是因为计量结果或者说整个计量部分，是整个Dissertation的根基，其他的所有部分都是在为计量结果服务。

所以说，写出的论文能够得到什么样的成绩，得出多少分，大部分是由这个部分所导致的结果。

①搜集，整理数据

为了给同学们的研究提供便利，英国的每个大学都会购买数据库，方便同学们进行查询，其中，DataStream是最常见的，大家通过这个数据库基本上就可以搜索到80%的国际数据，并且能够直接导出到Excel。一个数据库基本上就可以满足大家的需求了。

当然大家可能不止会用到英国的数据，比如用到中国的数据的时候应该怎么办呢？这个时候最常用的以及最权威的就是国泰安数据库啦！

这里要注意：

国泰安数据库在国内高校是完全可以自由免费下载的，但是对于英国地区的IP来说就不是很友好了，就价格来讲就已经很高昂了。那么这个时候万能的VPN就要派上用场啦！连接VPN之后同学们就可以免费下载国内各种数据啦！

然后，根据之前确定的模型变量，去数据库中搜索所需要的数据，并整理成能被计量软件（Eviews、Stata etc...）识别的模式。

大家在选择模型时，应当尽可能的选择Panel data，并且在合适的区间内，选择尽可能多的年份，这样的研究成果，会显得比简单的Time series更准确、更有说服力，自然成绩也会刚高一些。

②估计模型前的工作

大家在阅读文献的时候应该会发现，在进行模型估计前，通常都需要先对自己所收集整理的变量数据进行描述性统计（Describe Statistics）、单位根检测（Unit-root test）、相关性分析（Correlation analysis）。

这样做为了提前检测数据，防止因Unit-root等原因导致的虚假回归（Spurious regression），使研究结果不准确，不可信，进一步保证研究结果的准确性。

其中值得注意的是，Eviews中有四种单位根检测方法（Unit-root test），通过其中任何一种（As long as）检测，我们的数据就都是可以用的，然后就可以进行下一步操作了。

在进行完相关检测后，面板数据（Panel Data）还需要进行豪斯曼检测（Hausman Test），来选择合适的估计模型的方法。通常来讲，面板数据部分数据缺失的，豪斯曼检测结果会显示使用Random Effect model，但这并不是绝对的。所以最终还是要根据不同的结果选择不同的估计方式。

③估计模型，得出结果

回归结果整理图（举例）

在这之后，我们需要对模型进行估计。一般按照Dissertation的逻辑，我们在得到这些结果后，还要整理数据。

最后，分析估计结果，并根据Independent系数的显著程度对我们的研究成果进行详细的阐述分析。

④修正结果，稳定性检验

进行到这里，我们终于得出了满意的显著结果，接下来我们就要对结果进行检验了，使用时间序列模型（Time-series data）的同学可以运用多多重共线性问题，异方差等进行稳定性检测。利用面板数据（Panel data）的同学与这个有些差别，可以用变量替代的方式，重新估计模型，然后进行稳定性检测。

终于，一篇Dissertation中最重要，同时也是最难的部分就结束了。然后我们可以根据得到的结果，对Results和Methodology进行完善，一般来说，金融学相关的同学们和经济学的同学，对这些人来讲Dissertation总字数要求一万四千字左右（可能会相差不到10%），Results和Methodology所占比例比较大，大概要六七千字。

3、完成文献综述

文献综述对于一篇文章来说也非常重要。大概要写四千字，占整个Dissertation的25%左右，也同样不可忽略。

①选择文献

如果你想要用心写一篇比较好的文献综述，那么首先就要学会选择合适的文章来阅读。

商科的同学首选Journal of Finance、Journal of Economic等这种级别的文献，然后随着不断阅读，可以不断补充。

②阅读，整理文献

大家在阅读文献的时候，重要的是对文章进行梳理，首先看introduction和result中的内容，提炼文献的研究结论，做好批注。对于和研究紧密相关的部分，可以进行精读，还可以借鉴。

③书写自己的文献综述

文献综述并不是让你不走心的乱编，反而十分需要逻辑。而且，我们还需要有一定的辩证思维。所以我们就要在整理文献的时候准备好。推荐阅读：文献综述是什么?怎么写文献综述?

而利用辩证思维的同时，我们同时一定要注重逻辑。比如，研究结果的时间线一定要搞清楚，整理好，由远到近。对研究范围进行整理，不同的地区，可能会得到不一样的成果，也会有不一样的进步。

这些都做好后，分析不同结果有什么区别，这样文献综述基本就可以成型了。同时也要注意尽量减少使用从长难句。因为，导师倾向于在阅读Dissertation时可以快速理清文章的逻辑，而不会一字一句地阅读。因此，准确无误，逻辑清晰的表述对于文献综述来说是非常重要的。

4、完成Conclusion和Introduction

还是这句话，Conclusion和Introduction永远最后写。因为Conclusions是为了总结整个研究结果，并对研究的先进之处进行分析或者是思考哪里有不足，对之后的研究方向提出建议。同样，Introduction也是取决于全文的内容如何，1500字的写作空间内需要将题目的由来讲清楚，Dissertation的整体结构和相关变量进行简单的介绍。Conclusions和Introduction都是为文章的主题而服务的，分别作用为引入和总结。

5、撰写Abstract，完成初稿

文章开头部分的Abstract，一般要写200字左右。这里就需要更简介的表述研究问题的背景，研究内容，结构，以及自己的Dissertation所得到的结果。

以上就是关于Dissertation的写作讲解，希望大家看完之后，都能写好Dissertation，顺利毕业。

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Paper代写：Subrogation right

本篇paper代写- Subrogation right讨论了代位权。如今，代位权是一个重要的法定权利，它根本性的目的是进行债的保全。由于社会主义市场经济的持久发展，在社会实践中，错综复杂的关系逐渐增加。在债务强制执行上，由于法律规定措施不足，为了加大债权的保障力度，所以我们对代位权进行了完善和发展。债权人合理行使代理权，能保证自己的合法权益，保障责任财产的增加，督促债务人采取积极作为的方式履行债务。代位权的前提，是享有的债权有合法性，这不仅要求债权人和债务人之间的债务关系合法，还需要债权人享有的债权的内容合法。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

As one of the contents of debt preservation, the idea that revocation right originated from Roman law has been widely accepted, while many scholars hold different opinions on the origin of subrogation right. Nowadays subrogation right is an important legal right in our country. Its fundamental purpose is to preserve the debt. As a result of the lasting development of socialist market economy, in social practice, the relationship of intricate "triangular debt" increases gradually. In terms of debt enforcement, due to insufficient measures stipulated by law, we have improved and developed subrogation rights in order to strengthen the protection of creditor's rights. The creditor's reasonable exercise of the agency right can guarantee his legitimate rights and interests, protect the increase of liability property, and urge the debtor to take an active way to perform the debt.

The premise of subrogation is that the creditor's right enjoys legitimacy, which requires not only the legal debt relationship between the creditor and the debtor, but also the legal content of the creditor's right. The condition of subrogation is to cause substantial loss to the creditor. Only in this way can it be necessary to bring subrogation suit. The key of subrogation right is that the obligor has expired or exceeded the performance period of the creditor's right against the third party and has acted passively and been negligent in exercising the creditor's right. This reflects the subrogation system in the creditor can be involved in the contract between the debtor and a third party in the provisions of the contract to give full play to the positive significance of the preservation of creditor's rights.

From the perspective of specific content, first of all, subrogation must be exercised in the way of litigation, which indicates that both parties shall not choose any way other than litigation to solve the dispute. It is helpful to prevent creditors from abusing subrogation right to regulate by means of litigation. Secondly, in the court of jurisdiction, only the court of the defendant's domicile has the right to hear subrogation. This is beneficial to clarify the complex legal relationship, improve the efficiency of litigation, avoid repeated litigation, and protect the rights of creditors. At the same time, when determining the two parties, the secondary debtor shall be the defendant, and the court may add the debtor as the third party, or it may not add the debtor when the facts of the case are clear and the legal relationship is clear. Finally, the creditor's subrogation exercise is limited, can not exceed the limits of their own claims, the secondary debtor to put forward additional claims.

In the suit of subrogation, the relation of suit is very complicated. Therefore, in judicial practice, the frequency of subrogation is not too high. On the one hand, the creditor bears the burden of proof, which makes it difficult to prove the exercise requirements of the right of subrogation. For example, in the classic case of subrogation lawsuit, bank of China shantou branch filed a subrogation lawsuit with shaoguan branch of guangdong securities co., LTD., requesting the court to order shaoguan branch of guangdong securities co., ltd. to return the land purchase money, which was used to pay off the debts owed to bank of China shantou branch by enron. After the trial, the court of first instance did not support the plaintiff's claim at that time, and finally passed the second trial of the higher people's court and the retrial of the supreme people's court, and finally decided the shantou branch of bank of China won the lawsuit. This case has also become a hotspot of scholars because of its complicated legal relations, complicated facts and many characteristics of subrogation.

On the effect of creditors, after creditors win the case, they have the right to directly take possession of the property of the secondary debtor, that is, the rules of warehousing. The entry rules reflect the concept of equality of debt relations, and fully balance the relationship among creditors, debtors and secondary debtors after combining with China's specific national conditions. On the one hand, according to the economic principle of litigation, the secondary debtor pays directly to the creditor and reduces the intermediate links, which can effectively prevent the right creditor's interests from being damaged. On the other hand, it is in line with the purpose of legislation and can implement subrogation through litigation.

The effect on the debtor is limited by the debtor's action. From the moment the court accepted the subrogation action, the debtor's rights were subrogated by the creditor, and the debtor's action began to be limited. After the lawsuit is filed, the debtor shall not have any behavior that hindering the creditor's right of subrogation, that is, it shall not abandon its creditor's right, extend its creditor's right, or accept its creditor's right, which is equivalent to being in a "frozen" state. And in the litigation, no matter whether the debtor attends or not, the court's judgment on subrogation has effect on the debtor, and the res judgees need to expand to the debtor.

As to the effect of the secondary debtor, the secondary debtor may defend against the creditor. When exercising the right of defense against the creditor, the reason of defense may be increased with the reason of defense against the debtor, so as to fully protect the secondary debtor's right of defense. The secondary debtor cannot counterclaim after the subrogation proceeding. The reason is that, on the one hand, the purpose of the creditor's right of subrogation is to protect his creditor's right. After the secondary debtor files a counterclaim, it runs counter to the purpose of the creditor's lawsuit, loses its practical significance and violates the original intention of the subrogation system. On the other hand, the secondary debtor needs to file a counterclaim to the debtor, but the debtor is not a subrogation litigant, but appears in the lawsuit as a third party, which is logically inconsistent with the requirements for the realization of counterclaim.

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Essay代写：Design of enterprise network security firewall

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Design of enterprise network security firewall，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了企业网络安全的防火墙设计。防火墙，即是防止网络外部的一些不安全因素的入侵和干扰，防火墙工作于终端用户与互联网之间，是服务器的中转站。企业网络外部的用户终端对企业内部主机的非授权登入和对主机资源的非授权使用称之为入侵，入侵对于企业内部数据信息安全存在着十分大的隐患，也会给企业的网络造成很大的安全漏洞。因此在防火墙的设计和部署过程中，必须重视入侵检测系统的配置，能够有效地抵挡入侵脚本、自动命令等的入侵攻击，及时并高效的检测到各类入侵行为，抵挡各类恶意的活动，对可能发生的安全隐患做好防护应对措施。

With the continuous popularization of information, each large and medium-sized enterprises have their own network architecture, enterprises also pay more and more attention to the security of the network, in the process of network maintenance, the firewall bearing the responsibility to ensure the security of the whole network. Firewall is the first line of defense for enterprise internal network information security, so according to the actual situation of the enterprise to set up the most appropriate network architecture, configure the optimal information screening strategy, can make enterprise network security effectively guaranteed.

As the storage of enterprise information resource is more and more big, the network data security is becoming more and more enterprises will be taken seriously, the configuration of the firewall to the enterprise internal network data security set up the first line of defense, the following through the analysis of the principle of a firewall design and detailed design and implementation, overall analysis to implement in the enterprise network firewall.

In the deployment of an enterprise network security firewall, should follow some fixed principles, on the basis of ensuring network security, so as to avoid unnecessary maintenance. Comprehensive principle: that is, the enterprise network security design should consider the overall comprehensive situation of the enterprise, from the actual point of view, taking into account all kinds of circumstances, weighing the network security problems may occur, so as to develop effective protection measures to ensure enterprise network security. The principle of simplicity and flexibility: the design of network security should not be too complex, also need to have a certain flexibility, on the basis of ensuring the function, try to make it easy to operate, easy to maintain and upgrade in the future. High efficiency and scalability principle: the enterprise network security must be efficient, namely firewall Settings must be conform to the enterprise network security requirements and high efficient operation and ensure the security of network, at the same time, the enterprise's network can't be fixed, therefore in the design of enterprise network security firewall must can be expanded, in the network structure is changed, or if you need to upgrade to the corresponding expansion of operations.

As its name implies, the firewall is to prevent the intrusion and interference of some unsafe factors outside the network, the firewall works between the end user and the Internet, is the transfer station of the server. On the one hand, it receives the data request from the client and responds to the connection in time; on the other hand, the signal sent to the server is transmitted to the client, so as to realize the data transmission between the client and the server.

The user terminal outside the enterprise network to the enterprise internal host unauthorized login and unauthorized use of host resources is called intrusion, intrusion on the enterprise internal data and information security has a very big hidden danger, but also to the enterprise network caused a big security hole. Therefore, in the design and deployment of the firewall, we must pay attention to the configuration of intrusion detection system, can effectively withstand the intrusion of scripts, automatic commands and other attacks, timely and efficient detection of all kinds of intrusion behavior, to resist all kinds of malicious activities, the potential security risks to do a good job to protect and deal with measures.

Firewall encryption technology mainly has two kinds, one is data encryption, the other is hardware and software encryption. Data encryption is mainly carried out by means of asymmetric secret key and symmetric secret key. Some confidential data are encrypted and transmitted to ensure the security of internal data. Hardware and software encryption, as the name implies, is the firewall and other hardware encryption processing, prevent external system login, relatively high security coefficient, software encryption and hardware encryption cost is lower, at the same time simplicity and flexibility is also relatively high, in the enterprise network architecture is widely used.

Firewall can be through certain rules to authenticate and identify user identity information, ensure the legitimacy of users, prevent illegal users to log in, in order to protect the host network security. Authentication is mainly aimed at the identification of the authorized person, binding the content of evidence with the identity of the entity user to ensure the identity of the entity is consistent with the system evidence, so that the user, program, host, process and other entities get safe information maintenance.

Any data entering or leaving the enterprise network is transmitted in the form of packets, while the firewall strictly filters the packets, reads the corresponding packets for detailed information data analysis, and detects the security of the packets. If the packet cannot be filtered and detected, the packets cannot enter the network. Packet filtering data detection is a design with low cost and high utilization rate. It can be said that the screening of information data is watertight. The drawback is that this detection cannot restrict the entry of programs, emails and other virus types into the network.

Firewall state detection is mainly for external access behavior, belongs to a kind of control technology, the purpose is to stop the illegal access to access network resources, the access control technology, generally divided into two types, one type is the access control system, the other is a network access control, network access control is used to limit the external terminal and internal host and terminal access to each other, based on specific user access control is a special permission to give, to the host for some special operation.

Firewall in the application process of enterprise network security, must require enterprises to strengthen network security management, and network security needs for a detailed analysis, formulate the specific implementation strategy of network security. Enterprise network management personnel for the actual existence of enterprise network security problems to summarize and plan, in the weak link to take the corresponding security measures, the security risk vulnerability prediction analysis and make security strategy. Fact is, the security of the network behavior is a process has been change, enterprises need to real-time demand for network analysis, dynamic analysis of network security status, so as to timely protective security measures of the system for testing and updates, regular maintenance of hardware and software system of security problems, summarize to develop a suitable for enterprise development the improvement of the network security protection measures.

In the context of the information age, network security is of vital importance to enterprises. Only when the data of information resources are secured can enterprises run smoothly and participate in enterprise competition. Enterprise network needs to strengthen the construction of firewall security system, build a stable and secure network environment, maintain enterprise information and data security, improve the market competitiveness of enterprises.

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