健康に配慮した飲酒に関するガイドライン／参考文献

若者（20 歳以上も含む）
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１０． Lees B, Meredith LR, Kirkland AE, Bryant BE, Squeglia LM: Effect of
alcohol use on the adolescent brain and behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav.
2020; 192: 172906.（若者の飲酒の脳への影響）
１１． Nakanishi N, Makino K, Nishina K, Suzuki K, Tatara K: Relationship of
light to moderate alcohol consumption and risk of hypertension in Japanese
male office workers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002; 26(7): 988-994.（若者の飲
酒で健康問題が出現）
9
女性
１２． Bradley KA, Badrinath S, Bush K, Boyd-Wickizer J, Anawalt B: Medical risks
for women who drink alcohol. J Gen Intern Med. 1998 Sep;13(9):627-39.（女
性は体液量が少ない等、女性飲酒の医学的リスク）
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differences in hepatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes and
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は男性よりも肝臓のアルコール脱水素酵素活性が低い）
１４． Teschke R, Wannagat FJ, Löwendorf F, Strohmeyer G:
Hepatic alcohol metabolizing enzymes after prolonged administration of sex
hormones and alcohol in female rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 1986 Feb 1; 35(3):
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the Endocrine System. Alcohol Res. 2017; 38(2): 255-276. （アルコール乱用
とホルモン）
１６． Osna NA, Donohue TM Jr, Kharbanda KK:
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Current Management. Alcohol Res.
2017; 38(2): 147-161. （エストロゲンはアルコール関連肝疾患の補助因子であろ
う）
１７． Kezer CA, Simonetto DA, Shah VH: Sex Differences in Alcohol Consumption
and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Apr; 96(4):
1006-1016.（性差とアルコール関連肝硬変）
１８． Roerecke M, Vafaei A, Hasan OSM, Chrystoja BR, Cruz M, Lee R, Neuman MG,
Rehm J: Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Oct; 114(10): 1574-
1586.（飲酒量と肝硬変）
１９． Ikehara S, Iso H, Toyoshima H, Date C, Yamamoto A, Kikuchi S, et al.
Alcohol consumption and mortality from stroke and coronary heart disease
among Japanese men and women: Japan collaborative cohort study. Stroke.
2008 Nov; 39(11): 2936-2942.（アルコール消費と男女の脳卒中と虚血性心疾患の
死亡率）
２０． Ikehara S, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Kokubo Y, Saito I, Yatsuya H, Inoue M,
Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group. Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke and
coronary heart disease among Japanese women: the Japan Public Health
Center-based prospective study. Prev Med. 2013; 57(5): 505-510. （アルコー
ル消費と女性の脳卒中と虚血性心疾患）
体質
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Alcohol. 1993; 28: 11-13. （日本人のお酒に弱い酵素の遺伝子）
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Response: An Unrecognized Risk Factor for Esophageal Cancer from Alcohol
10
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M, Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group: Impact of alcohol drinking on cancer risk
with consideration of flushing response: The Japan Public Health Centerbased Prospective Study Cohort (JPHC study). Prev Med. 2020 Feb
11; 133: 106026.（フラッシングと癌のリスク）
その他（疾病と依存症、飲酒の影響他）
２５． World Health Organization: Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of
alcohol. (https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241599931)
（世界戦略）
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control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020
(https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/94384/9789241506236_eng.pdf?s
equence=1)（アクションプラン）
２７． World Health Organization: Global status report on alcohol and health
2018. （https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565639） （飲酒の世
界統計）
２８． Canada's Guidance on Alcohol and Health: Final Report (ccsa.ca) .
（https://ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2023-
01/CCSA_Canadas_Guidance_on_Alcohol_and_Health_Final_Report_en.pdf）
（カナダのガイドライン）
２９． GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborator: Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries
and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of
Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2018; 392: 1015-1035.（アルコール使用と全世界
の疾患）
３０． Nakashita Y, Nakamura M, Kitamura A, Kiyama M, Ishikawa Y, Mikami H:
Relationships of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption to metabolic
syndrome in Japanese men. J Epidemiol 2010; 20:391–397.（飲酒と高血圧）
３１． Inoue M, Nagata C, Tsuji I, Sugawara Y, Wakai K, Tamakoshi A, Matsuo
K, Mizoue T, Tanaka K, Sasazuki S, Tsugane S; Research Group for the
Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan:
Impact of alcohol intake on total mortality and mortality from major
causes in Japan: a pooled analysis of six large-scale cohort studies.
Research Group for the Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention
Strategies in Japan. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012 May; 66(5): 448-
456.（飲酒と死亡率）
３２． Richards DK, Matthew R. Pearson MR, Witkiewitz k: Understanding alcohol
harm reduction behaviors from the perspective of self-determination
theory: A research agenda. Addict Res Theory. 2021; 29(5):392–397.
（自己決定理論での飲酒行動の改善）
３３． Grant BF, Dawson DA: Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with
DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: results from the National Longitudinal
11
Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. J Subst Abuse. 1997; 9: 103-110.（若年者と依
存）
３４． De Bellis MD, Clark DB, Beers SR, Soloff PH, Boring AM, Hall J, Kersh A,
Keshavan MS: Hippocampal volume in adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders.
Am J Psychiatry. 2000 May; 157(5): 737-744.（思春期発症のアルコール使用障
害における海馬容積）
３５． Hingson RW, Heeren T, Winter MR: Age at drinking onset and alcohol
dependence: age at onset, duration, and severity.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.
2006 Jul; 160(7): 739-746.（飲酒開始年齢と依存症、発症年齢、期間、および重
症度）
３６． Horst PG, Madjunkov M, Chaudry S: Alcohol: A Pharmaceutical and
Pharmacological Point of View During Lactation. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol.
2016; 23(2): e145-150.（授乳期の飲酒）
３７． Mizoi Y, Ijiri I, Tatsuno Y, Kijima T, Fujiwara S, Adachi J, Hishida S:
Relationship between facial flushing and blood acetaldehyde levels after
alcohol intake. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1979 Feb; 10(2): 303-311.（飲酒と
フラッシング反応）
３８． Anker JJ, Kushner MG: Co-Occurring Alcohol Use Disorder and Anxiety:
Bridging Psychiatric, Psychological, and Neurobiological Perspectives.
Alcohol Res. 2019 Dec 30; 40(1): arcr.v40.1.03.（不安障害の不安解消の飲酒
が依存症の原因になることがある）
３９． Chakravorty S, Chaudhary NS, Brower KJ: Alcohol Dependence and its
Relationship with Insomnia and Other Sleep Disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp
Res. 2016; 40(11): 2271–2282.（睡眠に対する飲酒の悪影響）
４０． Szabo G, Saha B: Alcohol's Effect on Host Defense. Alcohol Res. 2015;
37(2): 159-170. （過度な飲酒による免疫力の低下）
４１． 梅田悦生: アルコールと医薬品の相互作用. 2002. 中外医学社. 東京（お酒と薬の
飲み合わせの解説）
４２． Roine R, Luurila OJ, Suokas A, Heikkonen E, Koskinen P, Ylikahri R,
Toivonen L, Härkönen M, Salaspuro M: Alcohol and sauna bathing: effects
on cardiac rhythm, blood pressure, and serum electrolyte and cortisol
concentrations. J Intern Med. 1992 Apr; 231(4): 333-338. （飲酒時の入浴で
血圧低下）
４３． 沢田芳男: 酒と身体運動. 日本釀造協會雜誌. 1976; 71(4): 208-211. （飲酒後の
運動）
12
＜表１の参考文献＞
脳卒中
A) Ikehara S, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Kokubo Y, Saito I, Yatsuya H, Inoue M,
Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group: Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke and
coronary heart disease among Japanese women: the Japan Public Health Centerbased prospective study. Prev Med. 2013; 57(5): 505-510.
B) Iso H, Baba S, Mannami T, Sasaki S, Okada K, Konishi M, Tsugane S; JPHC
Study Group: Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke among middle-aged men:
the JPHC Study Cohort I. Stroke. 2004; 35(5): 1124-1129.
C) Ikehara S, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Yamamoto S, Inoue M, Tsugane S; JPHC Study
Group: Alcohol consumption, social support, and risk of stroke and coronary
heart disease among Japanese men: the JPHC Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res.
2009; 33(6): 1025-1032.
出血性脳卒中
A) Ikehara S, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Kokubo Y, Saito I, Yatsuya H, Inoue M,
Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group: Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke and
coronary heart disease among Japanese women: the Japan Public Health Centerbased prospective study. Prev Med. 2013 ;57(5): 505-510.
B) Iso H, Baba S, Mannami T, Sasaki S, Okada K, Konishi M, Tsugane S; JPHC
Study Group: Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke among middle-aged men:
the JPHC Study Cohort I. Stroke. 2004; 35(5): 1124-1129.
C) Ikehara S, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Yamamoto S, Inoue M, Tsugane S; JPHC Study
Group: Alcohol consumption, social support, and risk of stroke and coronary
heart disease among Japanese men: the JPHC Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res.
2009; 33(6): 1025-1032.
D) Sankai T, Iso H, Shimamoto T, Kitamura A, Naito Y, Sato S, Okamura T, Imano
H, Iida M, Komachi Y: Prospective study on alcohol intake and risk of
subarachnoid hemorrhage among Japanese men and women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res.
2000; 24(3): 386-389.
脳梗塞
A) Ikehara S, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Kokubo Y, Saito I, Yatsuya H, Inoue M,
Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group: Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke and
coronary heart disease among Japanese women: the Japan Public Health Centerbased prospective study. Prev Med. 2013; 57(5): 505-510.
B) Iso H, Baba S, Mannami T, Sasaki S, Okada K, Konishi M, Tsugane S; JPHC
Study Group: Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke among middle-aged men:
the JPHC Study Cohort I. Stroke. 2004; 35(5): 1124-1129.
C) Ikehara S, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Yamamoto S, Inoue M, Tsugane S; JPHC Study
Group: Alcohol consumption, social support, and risk of stroke and coronary
heart disease among Japanese men: the JPHC Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res.
2009; 33(6): 1025-1032.
13
虚血性心疾患
A) Ikehara S, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Kokubo Y, Saito I, Yatsuya H, Inoue M,
Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group: Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke and
coronary heart disease among Japanese women: the Japan Public Health Centerbased prospective study. Prev Med. 2013; 57(5): 505-510.
B) Ikehara S, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Yamamoto S, Inoue M, Tsugane S; JPHC Study
Group: Alcohol consumption, social support, and risk of stroke and coronary
heart disease among Japanese men: the JPHC Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res.
2009; 33(6): 1025-1032.
C) Makita S, Onoda T, Ohsawa M, Tanaka F, Segawa T, Takahashi T, Satoh K, Itai
K, Tanno K, Sakata K, Omama S, Yoshida Y, Ishibashi Y, Koyama T, Kuribayashi
T, Ogasawara K, Ogawa A, Okayama A, Nakamura M: Influence of mild-tomoderate alcohol consumption on cardiovascular diseases in men from the
general population. Atherosclerosis. 2012; 224(1): 222-227.
D) Nakamura Y, Kita Y, Iso H, Ueshima H, Okada K, Konishi M, Inoue M, Tsugane
S; JPHC Study Group: Alcohol consumption, alcohol-induced flushing and
incidence of acute myocardial infarction among middle-aged men in Japan—
Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Atherosclerosis. 2007;
194(2): 512-516.
胃がん
A) Li Y, Eshak ES, Shirai K, Liu K, Dong JY, Iso H, Tamakoshi A; JACC Study
Group: Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Gastric Cancer: The Japan
Collaborative Cohort Study. J Epidemiol. 2021; 31(1): 30-36.
B) Tamura T, Wada K, Tsuji M, Konishi K, Kawachi T, Hori A, Tanabashi S,
Matsushita S, Tokimitsu N, Nagata C: Association of alcohol consumption with
the risk of stomach cancer in a Japanese population: a prospective cohort
study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2018; 27(1): 27-32.
C) Tamura T, Wakai K, Lin Y, Tamakoshi A, Utada M, Ozasa K, Sugawara Y, Tsuji
I, Ono A, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Ito H, Nagata C, Kitamura T, Naito M, Tanaka
K, Shimazu T, Mizoue T, Matsuo K, Inoue M; Research Group for the
Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan: Alcohol
intake and stomach cancer risk in Japan: A pooled analysis of six cohort
studies. Cancer Sci. 2022; 113(1): 261-276.
D) Nakaya N, Tsubono Y, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A, Shimazu T, Kurashima K, Fukudo S,
Shibuya D, Tsuji I: Alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer in Japanese
men: the Miyagi cohort study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2005; 14(2): 169-174.
肺がん
A) Shimazu T, Inoue M, Sasazuki S, Iwasaki M, Kurahashi N, Yamaji T, Tsugane S;
Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group: Alcohol and risk
of lung cancer among Japanese men: data from a large-scale population-based
cohort study, the JPHC study. Cancer Causes Control. 2008; 19(10): 1095-
1102.
14
B) Nakaya N, Tsubono Y, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A, Shimazu T, Kurashima K, Fukudo S,
Shibuya D, Tsuji I: Alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer in Japanese
men: the Miyagi cohort study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2005; 14(2): 169-174.
大腸がん
A) Ma E, Sasazuki S, Iwasaki M, Sawada N, Inoue M, Tsugane S; Japan Public
Health Center-based Prospective Study Group: 10-Year risk of colorectal
cancer: development and validation of a prediction model in middle-aged
Japanese men. Cancer Epidemiol. 2010; 34(5): 534-541.
B) Akhter M, Kuriyama S, Nakaya N, Shimazu T, Ohmori K, Nishino Y, Tsubono Y,
Fukao A, Tsuji I: Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk
of distal colon and rectal cancer in Japanese men: the Miyagi Cohort Study.
Eur J Cancer. 2007;43(2): 383-390.
C) Otani T, Iwasaki M, Yamamoto S, Sobue T, Hanaoka T, Inoue M, Tsugane S;
Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group: Alcohol
consumption, smoking, and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer in middleaged and elderly Japanese men and women: Japan Public Health Center-based
prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003; 12(12): 1492-
1500.
D) Wakai K, Kojima M, Tamakoshi K, Watanabe Y, Hayakawa N, Suzuki K, Hashimoto
S, Kawado M, Tokudome S, Suzuki S, Ozasa K, Toyoshima H, Ito Y, Tamakoshi A;
JACC Study Group: Alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer risk: findings
from the JACC Study. J Epidemiol. 2005; 15 Suppl 2(Suppl II): S173-S179.
E) Shimizu N, Nagata C, Shimizu H, Kametani M, Takeyama N, Ohnuma T, Matsushita
S: Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of
colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study. Br J Cancer. 2003; 88(7):
1038-1043.
F) Nakaya N, Tsubono Y, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A, Shimazu T, Kurashima K, Fukudo S,
Shibuya D, Tsuji I: Alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer in Japanese
men: the Miyagi cohort study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2005; 14(2): 169-174.
G) Mizoue T, Inoue M, Wakai K, Nagata C, Shimazu T, Tsuji I, Otani T, Tanaka
K,Matsuo K, Tamakoshi A, Sasazuki S, Tsugane S; Research Group for
Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan: Alcohol
drinking and colorectal cancer in Japanese: a pooled analysis of results
from five cohort studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2008; 167(12): 1397-1406.
食道がん
A) Ishikawa A, Kuriyama S, Tsubono Y, Fukao A, Takahashi H, Tachiya H, Tsuji I:
Smoking, alcohol drinking, green tea consumption and the risk of esophageal
cancer in Japanese men. J Epidemiol. 2006; 16(5): 185-192.
B) Ishiguro S, Sasazuki S, Inoue M, Kurahashi N, Iwasaki M, Tsugane S; JPHC
Study Group: Effect of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and flushing
response on esophageal cancer risk: a population-based cohort study (JPHC
study). Cancer Lett. 2009; 275(2): 240-246.
15
C) Nakaya N, Tsubono Y, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A, Shimazu T, Kurashima K, Fukudo S,
Shibuya D, Tsuji I: Alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer in Japanese
men: the Miyagi cohort study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2005; 14(2): 169-174.
乳がん
A) Kawai M, Minami Y, Kakizaki M, Kakugawa Y, Nishino Y, Fukao A, Tsuji I,
Ohuchi N: Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in Japanese women: the
Miyagi Cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011; 128(3): 817-825.
B) Suzuki R, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Sasazuki S, Sawada N, Yamaji T, Shimazu T,
Tsugane S; Japan Public Health Center Based Prospective Study Group: Alcohol
consumption-associated breast cancer incidence and potential effect
modifiers: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Int J
Cancer. 2010; 127(3): 685-695.
C) Lin Y, Kikuchi S, Tamakoshi K, Wakai K, Kondo T, Niwa Y, Yatsuya H, Nishio
K, Suzuki S, Tokudome S, Yamamoto A, Toyoshima H, Tamakoshi A: Prospective
study of alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in Japanese women. Int J
Cancer. 2005; 116(5): 779-783.
D) Iwase M, Matsuo K, Koyanagi YNY, Ito H, Tamakoshi A, Wang C, Utada M, Ozasa
K, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I, Sawada N, Tanaka S, Nagata C, Kitamura Y, Shimazu T,
Mizoue T, Naito M, Tanaka K, Inoue M: Alcohol consumption and breast cancer
risk in Japan: A pooled analysis of eight population-based cohort studies.
Int J Cancer. 2021 Jun 1; 148(11): 2736-2747.
E) Sinnadurai S, Okabayashi S, Kawamura T, Mori M, Bhoo-Pathy N, Taib NA, Ukawa
S, Tamakoshi A, The JACC Study Group: Intake of Common Alcoholic and NonAlcoholic Beverages and Breast Cancer Risk among Japanese Women: Findings
from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2020;
21(6): 1701-1707.
F) Nitta J, Nojima M, Ohnishi H, Mori M, Wakai K, Suzuki S, Fujino Y,Lin Y,
Tamakoshi K, Tamakoshi A: Weight Gain and Alcohol Drinking Associations with
Breast Cancer Risk in Japanese Postmenopausal Women -Results from the Japan
Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016; 17(3):
1437-1443.
肝がん
A) Shimazu T, Sasazuki S, Wakai K, Tamakoshi A, Tsuji I, Sugawara Y, Matsuo K,
Nagata C, Mizoue T, Tanaka K, Inoue M, Tsugane S; Research Group for the
Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan: Alcohol
drinking and primary liver cancer: a pooled analysis of four Japanese cohort
studies. Int J Cancer. 2012; 130(11): 2645-2653
B) Nakaya N, Tsubono Y, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A, Shimazu T, Kurashima K, Fukudo S,
Shibuya D, Tsuji I: Alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer in Japanese
men: the Miyagi cohort study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2005; 14(2): 169-174.
前立腺がん
A) Sawada N, Inoue M, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Yamaji T, Shimazu T, Tsugane S.
Alcohol and smoking and subsequent risk of prostate cancer in Japanese men:
16
the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Int J Cancer. 2014;
134(4): 971-978.
高血圧
A) Nakanishi N, Nakamura K, Ichikawa S, Suzuki K, Kawashimo H, Tatara K. Risk
factors for the development of hypertension: a 6-year longitudinal study of
middle-aged Japanese men. J Hypertens. 1998; 16(6): 753-759.
B) Nakanishi N, Kawashimo H, Nakamura K, Suzuki K, Yoshida H, Uzura S, Tatara
K: Association of alcohol consumption with increase in aortic stiffness: a
9-year longitudinal study in middle-aged Japanese men. Ind Health. 2001;
39(1): 24-28.
C) Nakanishi N, Makino K, Nishina K, Suzuki K, Tatara K: Relationship of light
to moderate alcohol consumption and risk of hypertension in Japanese male
office workers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002; 26(7): 988-994.
D) Okubo Y, Sairenchi T, Irie F, Yamagishi K, Iso H, Watanabe H, Muto T, Tanaka
K, Ota H: Association of alcohol consumption with incident hypertension
among middle-aged and older Japanese population: the Ibarakai Prefectural
Health Study (IPHS). Hypertension. 2014 Jan; 63(1): 41-47.
17
＜表２の参考情報＞
A) アイルランド：https://www2.hse.ie/wellbeing/alcohol/improve-yourhealth/weekly-low-risk-alcohol-guidelines.html
B) アメリカ：https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
12/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf
C) イギリス：
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/a
ttachment_data/file/489795/summary.pdf
D) イタリア：
https://www.epicentro.iss.it/alcol/apd2018/locandina%20con%20figure%202018.p
df
E) オーストラリア：https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/alcohol/aboutalcohol/standard-drinks-guide
F) オーストリア：https://www.dialogwoche-alkohol.at/wpcontent/uploads/2019/05/Factsheet-Dialogwoche-Alkohol-2019-1.pdf
G) カナダ：Canada's Guidance on Alcohol and Health: Final Report (ccsa.ca) .
（https://ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2023-
01/CCSA_Canadas_Guidance_on_Alcohol_and_Health_Final_Report_en.pdf）
H) 韓国：https://www.khealth.or.kr/board/view?linkId=24811&menuId=MENU00645
I) シンガポール：https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/920/alcohol-and-healthset-your-drinking-limits
J) スウェーデン：https://www.livsmedelsverket.se/matvanor-halsa--miljo/kostrad/rad-ombra-mat-hitta-ditt-satt/alkohol---rad
K) ニュージーランド：https://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/healthyliving/addictions/alcohol-and-drug-abuse/alcohol
L) ロシア：https://gnicpm.ru/articles/speczialistam-articles/profilaktikaupotrebleniya-alkogolya-narkotikov.html

 

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