共通テスト英語はセンター試験英語と比較して大幅に量が増えたものの、読解力と聴解力があれば確実に点が取れる試験です。そのためには、語彙と語順を身につけることが欠かせません。
センター試験の過去問から共通テスト英語攻略のための整序＆英英挟み撃ち問題をお届けします。整序問題は文意が通じるように並べて、英英挟み撃ち問題は青字の英英定義を参照して単語を文脈に合う形に完成させてください。青字の英英定義はすべて大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語に収録されたものです。
高校生が英英辞典に親しみ大学受験期には英英辞典を自由自在に使いこなすようになれば、日本人の英語力は劇的に改善されます。
1994-(5)改題
□A current topic of debate is the amount of support and services we are willing to ①pro---- 【to give something to someone or make it available to them】 for handicapped people. Many people believe that society has become more caring over the ages. However, if we look back in time, this may not ②(be / to / true / prove). A good example can be found by ③(remains / at / looking / some) of a prehistoric culture.
□Several skeletons were found in the Shanidar Cave in Iraq. It was the home of a ④tri---- 【a group of people of the same race, and with the same language, customs, and beliefs, especially in a developing country】 of Neanderthal who existed more than 40,000 years ago. One of these skeletons was of a man of about 40 years, an old age for that period. He ⑤(to / thought / have / is) been killed by a falling stone. Careful study of the bones has shown that the man's right arm had never fully developed and had been cut off below the elbow. The condition of the teeth was also unlike that of other Neanderthal men's. They showed ⑥(of / signs / use / excessive), as if they had been employed to make up for the lack of a right arm.
□How could someone so handicapped from his earliest years have ⑦sur---- 【to continue to live in spite of difficult circumstances】 to become an adult, and even live on to old age? Societies in such early times faced severe conditions. People who could hunt for meat were few. A handicapped person must have needed to keep close to the cave and been provided with meat. This seems to ⑧ind---- 【to show that something exists】 a far greater degree of concern for the individual than previously assumed.
□In fact, the level ⑨(shown / care / toward / of) this tribesman is not always seen in preset-day societies. Such concern indicates a sense of unity and cooperation that made possible the future achievements of humanity. With this in mind, are ⑩(doing / for / we / enough) the handicapped? Rather than being too proud of the efforts that modern society has made, it would be ⑪(we / to consider / wise / if) even equal the efforts of “precivilized” societies.
解答)①provide②(prove to be true)③(looking at some remains)④tribe⑤(is thought to have)⑥(signs of excessive use)⑦survived⑧indicate⑨(of care shown toward)⑩(we doing enough for)⑪(wise to consider if we)
【全訳】
□現在の議論のトピックは、われわれがどれだけの支援とサービスを障害者に提供するつもりがあるかである。多くの人々は、社会は時代とともにより思いやりのあるものになっていると信じている。しかし、歴史を振り返ると、これは真実ではないかもしれない。先史時代の文化のいくつかの遺跡を見ると良い例が見つかる。
□イラクのシャニダール洞窟でいくつかの骸骨が発見された。それは40,000年以上前に存在したネアンデルタールの部族が住んでいた場所だった。これらの骸骨のひとつは、その時代では高齢である約40歳の男性のものだった。彼は落石によって事故死したと考えられている。骨を注意深く調べたところ、男性の右腕は完全には発達しておらず、肘の下で切断されていたことがわかった。歯の状態も他のネアンデルタール人の男性とは異なっていた。まるで右腕の欠如を補うために使われたかのように、過度の使用の兆候を示した。
□幼い頃からこんなに障害のある人が、どうして生き残って大人になり高齢まで生きていけるのだろうか。そのような大昔の社会は厳しい状況に直面していた。肉を探すことができる人は少なかった。障害者は洞窟の近くにいて肉を提供される必要があったに違いない。これは、以前に想定されていたよりもはるかに個人に対する懸念の度合いが大きいことを示しているようだ。
□実際、この部族民に対して示される気遣いのレベルは、現在の社会においてさえ常に見られるわけではない。このような気遣いは、人類の将来の成果を可能にした一体感と協力を示している。これを念頭に置いて、私たちは障害者のために十分なことをしているだろうか？われわれがいわゆる「文明以前の」社会が行っていた努力に匹敵するところにも達していないのではないかと考えてみるのも、あるいは賢明なことかもしれない。
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語は上記長文中の語彙を以下のように網羅的にカバーしています。
□A current topic of debate is the amount of support and services we are willing to provide for handicapped people. Many people believe that society has become more caring over the ages. However, if we look back in time, this may not prove to be true. A good example can be found by looking at some remains of a prehistoric culture.
□Several skeletons were found in the Shanidar Cave in Iraq. It was the home of a tribe of Neanderthal who existed more than 40,000 years ago. One of these skeletons was of a man of about 40 years, an old age for that period. He is thought to have been killed by a falling stone. Careful study of the bones has shown that the man's right arm had never fully developed and had been cut off below the elbow. The condition of the teeth was also unlike that of other Neanderthal men's. They showed signs of excessive use, as if they had been employed to make up for the lack of a right arm.
□How could someone so handicapped from his earliest years have survived to become an adult, and even live on to old age? Societies in such early times faced severe conditions. People who could hunt for meat were few. A handicapped person must have needed to keep close to the cave and been provided with meat. This seems to indicate a far greater degree of concern for the individual than previously assumed.
□In fact, the level of care shown toward this tribesman is not always seen in preset-day societies. Such concern indicates a sense of unity and cooperation that made possible the future achievements of humanity. With this in mind, are we doing enough for the handicapped? Rather than being too proud of the efforts that modern society has made, it would be wise to consider if we even equal the efforts of “precivilized” societies.
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語は、８００の例文と大学受験生向けに新作した８００の英英定義文の中に２０００語以上の共通テストのキーワードになる英単語・熟語を網羅的に組み込み、以下のような四択問題２００問と英英挟み撃ち問題８００問からなる練習問題にしました。
まずは、以下のような英英定義選択問題２００問に取り組みます。
①trade【tréid】(Ex:Japan does a lot of *trade with China.)
②view【vjúː】(Ex:This hotel offers a great *view of Mt Fuji.)
③courage【kə'ːridʒ】(Ex:I admire your *courage.)
④pastime【pǽstàim】(Ex: What's your favorite *pastime?)
(A)something you can see from a particular place
(B)the activity of buying and selling goods, usually between countries
(C)the quality to do something dangerous or difficult without showing fear
(D)something that you do for pleasure in your free time
和訳と解答は以下のようになります。
①trade【貿易】(Ex:日本は中国とたくさんの貿易をする)
②view【眺め】(Ex:このホテルは富士山の素晴らしい眺めを提供する)
③courage【勇気】(Ex:私はあなたの勇気を称賛する)
④pastime【娯楽】(Ex: あなたのお気に入りの娯楽は何ですか)
(A)人が特定の場所から見ることができるもの
(B)通常は国々の間で商品を売買する活動
(C)恐怖を示すことなく危険あるいは難しいことをする資質
(D)自由時間に楽しみのためにすること
解答)①B②A③C④D
次に以下のような英英挟み撃ち問題８００問に取り組みます。
①Japan does a lot of tra------- with China.
【the activity of buying and selling goods, usually between countries】
②This hotel offers a great vie------- of Mt Fuji.
【something you can see from a particular place】
③I admire your cou------- .
【the quality to do something dangerous or difficult without showing fear】
④What's your favorite pas------- ?
【something that you do for pleasure in your free time】
解答）①trade ②view ③courage ④pastime
予備校の授業で採用したところ、共通テスト試行 調査問題の正解率が5割以下だった受験生が半年弱で8~9割正解できるまでの 成果が出ています。
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語に準拠した共通テストキーワード８００語を定義→単語→例文の順で英語字幕を見ながら書き取る穴埋め式ディクテーション用紙は無料提供しています。
毎日２０～３０分×５０日で、A４表裏５０枚の穴埋めを完成させて
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語で意味を確認すると英語力は飛躍的に向上します。
以下は英語字幕を表示できる無料画像と穴埋め式ディクテーション用紙のサンプルです。穴埋め式ディクテーション用紙をプリントアウトしてスマホでQRコードをなぞると画像が表示され、数秒で消える英語字幕を速読する訓練を通して読解力も養成できます。
ー視聴するだけでみるみる語彙力が伸びるー大学入学共通テスト 英英直読英単語・熟語(753)～(768)
(753)the ( ) that is ( ) to someone or something by newspapers, magazines, television, etc. ＝( )
She received a lot of ( ) after her ( ) in the film.
(754)a ( ) of natural ( ) that is ( ) to look at＝( )
Using the beautiful ( ) of our town in more ( ) ways would encourage people to come and live here.
(755)the people or animals ( )( )( ) a particular place＝( )
Antarctica is the only continent on Earth without ( ) human ( ).
(756)a ( ) of something that is a ( ) of the ( )＝( )
The ( ) of Americans who do not tip in restaurants is ( ) to be less than 2 percent.
(757)able to ( ) good judgements ( )( )( ) rather than ( )＝( )
It would have been more ( ) to save) money than to spend it all on clothes.
(758)very good, beautiful, or ( )＝( )
The mountains of North Carolina ( )( ) views.
(759)able to be ( ) or ( )＝( )
( ) websites are the ones that are updated regularly and do not have any ( ) information.
(760)important and very ( )＝( )
Two ( ) sources of noise ( ) are construction and transportation.
(761)to ( ) loudly with a lot of ( ), often ( ) damage or injury＝( )
A bomb has ( ) outside the Greek parliament in Athens.
(762)to ( )( ) the most important facts or ( ) of something
＝( )
Is ( ) books a copyright ( )?
(763)to ( )( )( ) something＝( )
Emotional and physical hunger are both ( ) of emptiness which you try to ( ) with food.
(764)to ( ) someone to lose ( ) to do something＝( )
Further ( ) in the price of gasoline would ( )
him from driving his car.
(765)to ( ) something＝( )
The need to ( ) and ( ) employee productivity is a reality no business can ( ).
(766)to be the most ( ) or ( ) part of something＝( )
Occupations in which women workers ( ) tend to ( ) lower in ( ) of earnings.
(767)to ( ) an ( )( ) someone or something after thinking about them carefully
＝( )
It is necessary that teachers ( ) a student's ability from ( ) aspects.
(768)to ( ) the examinations that are ( ) to do a particular profession＝( )
I am studying hard to ( ) as a ( ) public accountant.
ー視聴するだけでみるみる語彙力が伸びるー大学入学共通テスト 英英直読英単語・熟語(769)～(784)
(769)a ( ) of people of the same ( ), and with the same language, customs, and ( ),
especially in a ( ) country＝( )
How does deforestation affect ( )( ) in the Amazon rainforest?
(770)the ( ) that ( ) someone or something different from others ＝( )
It has long been thought that one of the ( ) which ( ) humans from other animals is the ability to ( ).
(771)the most important thing that you have to ( )( )＝( )
People with serious illness have other ( )( ) simply ( ) their lives.
(772)an angry ( ) or ( ) between two or more people＝( )
( ) after a ( ) is not always easy.
(773)money ( ) from someone who is ( ) for doing something ( )
＝( )
If the train you are travelling on is delayed, you are ( ) to ( ).
(774)the ( ) of ( ) from one ( ) to another＝( )
The ( ) to an industrial society started in the 18th century, largely ( ) by ( ) in science and technology.
(775)a ( ) good way of ( )＝( )
God will certainly reward ( ) and punish ( ).
(776)a ( ) of being very ( )＝( )
Muscle ( ) is a normal ( )( ) of exercise.
(777) ( ) or ( ) in large quantities＝( )
Japan used to be famous for its ( ) supplies of clean, fresh water.
(778) ( ) or unreasonable＝( )
He says he was taken by aliens, but no one believes such a ( ) story.
(779)able to ( )( ) new and ( ) ideas＝( )
Our coach is ( ) and often ( )( )( ) new plans.
(780)behaving in a ( ) and ( ) way＝( )
I believe we're ( ) enough to use a computer appropriately.
(781)to ( ) that something will ( )＝( )
( ) the demand for the products and services that your business offers ( ) many factors.
(782)to officially ( ) your marriage ( ) your ( )＝( )
What ( ) the couples who choose to ( ) married from those
who choose to ( )?
(783)to ( ) something ( ) in order to ( ) it ＝( )
Genetically ( ) food is food produced from plants or animals whose DNA has been ( ) through genetic engineering.
(784)to ( ) something＝( )
I could not ( ) meeting him ( )( ).
ー視聴するだけでみるみる語彙力が伸びるー大学入学共通テスト 英英直読英単語・熟語(785)～(800)
(785)to ( ) that something is ( ) true＝( )
Freud ( ) that laughter releases ( ) and ( ) mental frustration.
(786)to ( ) someone ( ) doing something ( ),
especially something that is not very ( )＝( )
Some have ( ) that lying can never be ( ) under any circumstances.
(787)to ( ) that you have been ( ) and will ( ) fighting＝( )
The robber finally ( ) and ( ) his hostage.
(788)to ( ) an action or a process ( ) or more ( ) to happen＝( )
The role of the interpreter is to ( )( ) communication between people who use different languages.
(789)actions or opinions that ( ) your strong ( ) with a plan or ( )
＝( )
( ) to United States ( ) in the Vietnam War began with demonstrations in 1964.
(790)one half of the ( ) or ( )＝( )
People in mild climates in the northern ( ) sometimes experience periods of very hot and ( ) weather.
(791)a ( ) service or other ( ) that is always performed in the same way
＝( )
Shinto festivals generally ( )( )( ) with joyful celebration.
(792)a ( )( )( ) you look at something＝( )
Whether it's a still shot or a movie, camera ( )( ) the look, feel and mood of that story.
(793)an idea which ( ) to ( ) something
but has yet to be ( ) to be ( )＝( )
Conducting an experiment without a ( ) is like starting a road trip just ( ) the ( ) of driving.
(794)the ( ) made by many people ( ) their hands to ( ) their ( ) or enjoyment＝( )
It was such an ( ) movie that the director received thunderous ( ) from the audience.
(795)the ( ) that something will happen＝( )
No matter how security ( ) you are, the ( ) of thieves ( )( ) your home is always a worrying possibility.
(796)a situation that is strange, funny, or sad because things ( ) in the ( )( ) to what you would expect＝( )
The White House Press Secretary described the ( ) of people buying guns after shooting attacks as a“( )( ).”
(797) ( ) of doing something in an ( ) or ( ) way＝( )
Candidates whose faces look ( ) enjoy an electoral advantage.
(798)not ( ) to ( ) your ideas＝( )
When your elderly parents need help but become ( ), it can be a difficult situation.
(799) ( ) but able to be ( )＝( )
The room is spacious and comfortable, ( ) the air-conditioning is a bit noisy but is ( ).
(800) ( ) or ( ) to a particular situation or person＝( )
Students must be able to select ( ) information from a lecture or text.
※以下は穴埋め式ディクテーション用紙の末尾に示された大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語の最終章で全体の１/５０です。全部解けばどれだけ力がつくかご想像頂けると思います。
左頁
単語にあった定義を選んでください。
(197)
①assert【əsə'ːrt】(Ex:Freud *asserted that laughter *releases *tension and *liberates *mental *frustration.)(785)
②excuse【ekskjúːz】(Ex:Some have *argued that *lying can never be *excused under any *circumstances.)(786)
③surrender【səréndər】(Ex:The *robber *finally *surrendered and *released his *hostage.)(787)
④facilitate【fəsílətèit】(Ex:The *role of the *interpreter is to *facilitate *accurate *communication between people who use different *languages.)(788)
(A)to *admit that you have been *defeated and will stop fighting
(B)to *forgive someone for doing something wrong, especially something that is not very *serious
(C)to make an *action or a *process easier or more likely to happen
(D)to *state that something is *certainly true
(198)
①opposition【ɑ`pəzíʃən】(Ex:*Opposition to United States *involvement in the Vietnam War began with *demonstrations in 1964.)(789)
②hemisphere【hémisfìər】(Ex:People in mild *climates in the northern *hemisphere sometimes experience *periods of very hot and *humid *weather.)(790)
③ritual【rítʃuəl】(Ex:Shinto festivals *generally *combine *solemn *rituals with joyful *celebration.)(791)
④angle【ǽŋgl】(Ex:Whether it's a still shot or a movie, camera *angles *influence the look, feel and mood of that story.)(792)
(A)a *position from which you look at something
(B)one half of the *globe or *brain
(C)*actions or opinions that show your strong *disagreement with a plan or *policy
(D)a *religious service or other *ceremony that is always *performed in the same way
右頁
(197)
①assert:断言する(Ex:フロイトは、笑いは緊張を発散し精神的欲求不満を解放すると断言した。)(2010センター追試)
②excuse:許す(Ex:どんな状況においても嘘は決して許されないと主張する人々もいた。)(1999センター)
③surrender:降服する(Ex:.強盗はついに降服し、人質を解放した。)
④facilitate:容易にする(Ex:通訳の役割は、異なる言語を使用する人々の間の正確な意思疎通を容易にすることである。)
(A)負けたことを認めて戦うのをやめると言うこと
(B)何か悪いこと、特にそれほど深刻ではないことをした誰かを許すこと
(C)行為または過程をより簡単に、またはより起こりやすくすること
(D)何かが確かに真実であると述べること
①(D)②(B)③(A)④(C)
(198)
①opposition:反対(Ex:米国のベトナム戦争への関与に対する反対は、1964年のデモで始まった。)
②hemisphere:半球(Ex:北半球の穏やかな気候の人々は時には非常に暑くて高湿の天候の時期を経験することがある。)(2003センター)
③ritual:儀式(Ex:神道の祭は一般的に、厳粛な儀式と楽しい祝典を結びつける。)
④angle:角度(Ex:静止画であろうと映画であろうと、カメラの角度はそのストーリーの外見、感覚、雰囲気に影響する。)
(A)何かを見る位置
(B)地球あるいは脳の半分
(C)計画または方針に対する強い不同意を示す行動または意見
(D)常に同じ方法で行われる宗教的勤めやその他の儀式
①(C)②(B)③(D)④(A)
左頁
単語にあった定義を選んでください。
(199)
①hypothesis【haipɑ'θəsis】(Ex:*Conducting an *experiment without a *hypothesis is like starting a road trip just for the sake of driving.)(793)
②applause【əplɔ'ːz】(Ex:It was such an *excellent movie that the director received thunderous *applause from the *audience.)(794)
③prospect【prɑ'spekt】(Ex:No matter how *security *conscious you are, the *prospect of *thieves breaking into your home is always a *worrying *possibility.(795)
④irony【áiərəni】(Ex:White House Press Secretary *described the *phenomenon of people buying guns after shooting *attacks as a“*tragic *irony.”)(796)
(A)the *possibility that something will happen
(B)an idea which *attempts to *explain something but has yet to be *proved to be *correct
(C)a *situation that is strange, funny, or sad because things happen in the *opposite way to what you would *expect
(D)the sound made by many people hitting their hands to show their *approval or enjoyment
(200)
①competent【kɑ'mpətənt】(Ex:*Candidates whose faces look *competent enjoy an *electoral *advantage. )(797)
②stubborn【stʌ'bərn】(Ex:When your elderly parents need help but become *stubborn, it can be a difficult situation.)(798)
③tolerable【tɑ'lərəbl】(Ex:The room is *spacious and *comfortable, though the air-conditioning is a bit *noisy but is *tolerable.)(799)
④relevant【réləvənt】(Ex:Students must be able to *select *relevant information from a *lecture or text.)(800)
(A)*unpleasant but able to be *accepted
(B)important or *necessary to a *particular situation or person
(C)not willing to change your ideas
(D)*capable of doing something in an *efficient or *effective way
右頁
(199)
①hypothesis:仮説(Ex:仮説なしで実験を行うのは、運転のためだけに道路旅行を始めるようなものだ。)
②applause:喝采(Ex:素晴らしい映画だったため監督は観衆から雷鳴のような喝采を受けた。)(2015共立女子大)
③prospect:見込み(Ex:どれほど防犯意識が高くても、家に泥棒が侵入する見込みはいつでも心配な可能性である。)
④irony:皮肉(Ex:記者会見でホワイトハウスの報道官は、銃撃の後で人々が銃を購入する現象を「悲劇的な皮肉」と描写した。)
(A)何かが起こるであろう可能性
(B)何かを説明しようと試みるが、まだ正しいと証明されてはいない考え
(C)物事が期待するのとは逆のあり方で起こる奇妙な、面白い、または悲しい状況
(D)多くの人が手をたたいて承認や楽しさを示すための音
①(B)②(D)③(A)④(C)
(200)
①competent:有能な(Ex:有能そうに見える顔の候補者は選挙での優位を享受する。)
②stubborn:頑固な(Ex:高齢の両親が助けを必要とするが頑固であると、それは難しい状況になり得る。)
③tolerable:耐えられる(Ex:部屋は広く快適で、エアコンがややうるさかったが耐えられた。)
④relevant:関連のある(Ex:生徒は講義や教科書から関連ある情報を選択できなければならない。)
(A)不快だが受け入れられる
(B)特定の状況や人に重要あるいは必要な
(C)自分の考えを変えようとしない
(D)効率的または効果的な方法で何かを行うことができる
①(D)②(C)③(A)④(B)
左頁
※英英定義を読んで例文を完成させてください。
(785)Freud ass------ that laughter releases tension and liberates mental frustration.
【to state that something is certainly true】
(786)Some have argued that lying can never be exc------ under any circumstances.
【to forgive someone for doing something wrong, especially something that is not very serious】
(787)The robber finally sur------ and released his hostage.
【to admit that you have been defeated and will stop fighting】
(788)The role of the interpreter is to fac------ accurate communication between people who use different languages.
【to make an action or a process easier or more likely to happen】
(789)Opp------ to United States involvement in the Vietnam War began with demonstrations in 1964.
【actions or opinions that show your strong disagreement with a plan or policy】
(790)People in mild climates in the northern hem------ sometimes experience periods of very hot and humid weather.【one half of the globe or brain】
(791)Shinto festivals generally combine solemn rit------ with joyful celebration.
【a religious service or other ceremony that is always performed in the same way】
(792)Whether it's a still shot or a movie, camera ang------ influence the look, feel and mood of that story.
【a position from which you look at something】
(785)asserted(786)excused(787)surrendered(788)facilitate
(789)Opposition(790)hemisphere(791)rituals(792)angles
右頁
※英英定義を読んで例文を完成させてください。
(793)Conducting an experiment without a hyp------ is like starting a road trip just for the sake of driving.
【an idea which attempts to explain something but has yet to be proved to be correct】
(794)It was such an excellent movie that the director received thunderous app------ from the audience.
【the sound made by many people hitting their hands to show their approval or enjoyment】
(795)No matter how security conscious you are, the pro------ of thieves breaking into your home is always a worrying possibility.
【the possibility that something will happen】
(796)White House Press Secretary described the phenomenon of people buying guns after shooting attacks as a“tragic iro------ .”
【a situation that is strange, funny, or sad because things happen in the opposite way to what you would expect】
(797)Candidates whose faces look com------ enjoy an electoral advantage.
【capable of doing something in an efficient or effective way】
(798)When your elderly parents need help but become stu------ , it can be a difficult situation.
【not willing to change your ideas】
(799)The room is spacious and comfortable, though the air-conditioning is a bit noisy but is tol------ .
【unpleasant but able to be accepted】
(800)Students must be able to select rel------ information from a lecture or text.
【important or necessary to a particular situation or person】
(793)hypothesis(794)applause(795)prospect(796)irony
(797)competent(798)stubborn(799)tolerable(800)relevant
センター試験の過去問から共通テスト英語攻略のための整序＆英英挟み撃ち問題をお届けします。整序問題は文意が通じるように並べて、英英挟み撃ち問題は青字の英英定義を参照して単語を文脈に合う形に完成させてください。青字の英英定義はすべて大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語に収録されたものです。
高校生が英英辞典に親しみ大学受験期には英英辞典を自由自在に使いこなすようになれば、日本人の英語力は劇的に改善されます。
1994-(5)改題
□A current topic of debate is the amount of support and services we are willing to ①pro---- 【to give something to someone or make it available to them】 for handicapped people. Many people believe that society has become more caring over the ages. However, if we look back in time, this may not ②(be / to / true / prove). A good example can be found by ③(remains / at / looking / some) of a prehistoric culture.
□Several skeletons were found in the Shanidar Cave in Iraq. It was the home of a ④tri---- 【a group of people of the same race, and with the same language, customs, and beliefs, especially in a developing country】 of Neanderthal who existed more than 40,000 years ago. One of these skeletons was of a man of about 40 years, an old age for that period. He ⑤(to / thought / have / is) been killed by a falling stone. Careful study of the bones has shown that the man's right arm had never fully developed and had been cut off below the elbow. The condition of the teeth was also unlike that of other Neanderthal men's. They showed ⑥(of / signs / use / excessive), as if they had been employed to make up for the lack of a right arm.
□How could someone so handicapped from his earliest years have ⑦sur---- 【to continue to live in spite of difficult circumstances】 to become an adult, and even live on to old age? Societies in such early times faced severe conditions. People who could hunt for meat were few. A handicapped person must have needed to keep close to the cave and been provided with meat. This seems to ⑧ind---- 【to show that something exists】 a far greater degree of concern for the individual than previously assumed.
□In fact, the level ⑨(shown / care / toward / of) this tribesman is not always seen in preset-day societies. Such concern indicates a sense of unity and cooperation that made possible the future achievements of humanity. With this in mind, are ⑩(doing / for / we / enough) the handicapped? Rather than being too proud of the efforts that modern society has made, it would be ⑪(we / to consider / wise / if) even equal the efforts of “precivilized” societies.
解答)①provide②(prove to be true)③(looking at some remains)④tribe⑤(is thought to have)⑥(signs of excessive use)⑦survived⑧indicate⑨(of care shown toward)⑩(we doing enough for)⑪(wise to consider if we)
【全訳】
□現在の議論のトピックは、われわれがどれだけの支援とサービスを障害者に提供するつもりがあるかである。多くの人々は、社会は時代とともにより思いやりのあるものになっていると信じている。しかし、歴史を振り返ると、これは真実ではないかもしれない。先史時代の文化のいくつかの遺跡を見ると良い例が見つかる。
□イラクのシャニダール洞窟でいくつかの骸骨が発見された。それは40,000年以上前に存在したネアンデルタールの部族が住んでいた場所だった。これらの骸骨のひとつは、その時代では高齢である約40歳の男性のものだった。彼は落石によって事故死したと考えられている。骨を注意深く調べたところ、男性の右腕は完全には発達しておらず、肘の下で切断されていたことがわかった。歯の状態も他のネアンデルタール人の男性とは異なっていた。まるで右腕の欠如を補うために使われたかのように、過度の使用の兆候を示した。
□幼い頃からこんなに障害のある人が、どうして生き残って大人になり高齢まで生きていけるのだろうか。そのような大昔の社会は厳しい状況に直面していた。肉を探すことができる人は少なかった。障害者は洞窟の近くにいて肉を提供される必要があったに違いない。これは、以前に想定されていたよりもはるかに個人に対する懸念の度合いが大きいことを示しているようだ。
□実際、この部族民に対して示される気遣いのレベルは、現在の社会においてさえ常に見られるわけではない。このような気遣いは、人類の将来の成果を可能にした一体感と協力を示している。これを念頭に置いて、私たちは障害者のために十分なことをしているだろうか？われわれがいわゆる「文明以前の」社会が行っていた努力に匹敵するところにも達していないのではないかと考えてみるのも、あるいは賢明なことかもしれない。
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語は上記長文中の語彙を以下のように網羅的にカバーしています。
□A current topic of debate is the amount of support and services we are willing to provide for handicapped people. Many people believe that society has become more caring over the ages. However, if we look back in time, this may not prove to be true. A good example can be found by looking at some remains of a prehistoric culture.
□Several skeletons were found in the Shanidar Cave in Iraq. It was the home of a tribe of Neanderthal who existed more than 40,000 years ago. One of these skeletons was of a man of about 40 years, an old age for that period. He is thought to have been killed by a falling stone. Careful study of the bones has shown that the man's right arm had never fully developed and had been cut off below the elbow. The condition of the teeth was also unlike that of other Neanderthal men's. They showed signs of excessive use, as if they had been employed to make up for the lack of a right arm.
□How could someone so handicapped from his earliest years have survived to become an adult, and even live on to old age? Societies in such early times faced severe conditions. People who could hunt for meat were few. A handicapped person must have needed to keep close to the cave and been provided with meat. This seems to indicate a far greater degree of concern for the individual than previously assumed.
□In fact, the level of care shown toward this tribesman is not always seen in preset-day societies. Such concern indicates a sense of unity and cooperation that made possible the future achievements of humanity. With this in mind, are we doing enough for the handicapped? Rather than being too proud of the efforts that modern society has made, it would be wise to consider if we even equal the efforts of “precivilized” societies.
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語は、８００の例文と大学受験生向けに新作した８００の英英定義文の中に２０００語以上の共通テストのキーワードになる英単語・熟語を網羅的に組み込み、以下のような四択問題２００問と英英挟み撃ち問題８００問からなる練習問題にしました。
まずは、以下のような英英定義選択問題２００問に取り組みます。
①trade【tréid】(Ex:Japan does a lot of *trade with China.)
②view【vjúː】(Ex:This hotel offers a great *view of Mt Fuji.)
③courage【kə'ːridʒ】(Ex:I admire your *courage.)
④pastime【pǽstàim】(Ex: What's your favorite *pastime?)
(A)something you can see from a particular place
(B)the activity of buying and selling goods, usually between countries
(C)the quality to do something dangerous or difficult without showing fear
(D)something that you do for pleasure in your free time
和訳と解答は以下のようになります。
①trade【貿易】(Ex:日本は中国とたくさんの貿易をする)
②view【眺め】(Ex:このホテルは富士山の素晴らしい眺めを提供する)
③courage【勇気】(Ex:私はあなたの勇気を称賛する)
④pastime【娯楽】(Ex: あなたのお気に入りの娯楽は何ですか)
(A)人が特定の場所から見ることができるもの
(B)通常は国々の間で商品を売買する活動
(C)恐怖を示すことなく危険あるいは難しいことをする資質
(D)自由時間に楽しみのためにすること
解答)①B②A③C④D
次に以下のような英英挟み撃ち問題８００問に取り組みます。
①Japan does a lot of tra------- with China.
【the activity of buying and selling goods, usually between countries】
②This hotel offers a great vie------- of Mt Fuji.
【something you can see from a particular place】
③I admire your cou------- .
【the quality to do something dangerous or difficult without showing fear】
④What's your favorite pas------- ?
【something that you do for pleasure in your free time】
解答）①trade ②view ③courage ④pastime
予備校の授業で採用したところ、共通テスト試行 調査問題の正解率が5割以下だった受験生が半年弱で8~9割正解できるまでの 成果が出ています。
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語に準拠した共通テストキーワード８００語を定義→単語→例文の順で英語字幕を見ながら書き取る穴埋め式ディクテーション用紙は無料提供しています。
毎日２０～３０分×５０日で、A４表裏５０枚の穴埋めを完成させて
大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語で意味を確認すると英語力は飛躍的に向上します。
以下は英語字幕を表示できる無料画像と穴埋め式ディクテーション用紙のサンプルです。穴埋め式ディクテーション用紙をプリントアウトしてスマホでQRコードをなぞると画像が表示され、数秒で消える英語字幕を速読する訓練を通して読解力も養成できます。
ー視聴するだけでみるみる語彙力が伸びるー大学入学共通テスト 英英直読英単語・熟語(753)～(768)
(753)the ( ) that is ( ) to someone or something by newspapers, magazines, television, etc. ＝( )
She received a lot of ( ) after her ( ) in the film.
(754)a ( ) of natural ( ) that is ( ) to look at＝( )
Using the beautiful ( ) of our town in more ( ) ways would encourage people to come and live here.
(755)the people or animals ( )( )( ) a particular place＝( )
Antarctica is the only continent on Earth without ( ) human ( ).
(756)a ( ) of something that is a ( ) of the ( )＝( )
The ( ) of Americans who do not tip in restaurants is ( ) to be less than 2 percent.
(757)able to ( ) good judgements ( )( )( ) rather than ( )＝( )
It would have been more ( ) to save) money than to spend it all on clothes.
(758)very good, beautiful, or ( )＝( )
The mountains of North Carolina ( )( ) views.
(759)able to be ( ) or ( )＝( )
( ) websites are the ones that are updated regularly and do not have any ( ) information.
(760)important and very ( )＝( )
Two ( ) sources of noise ( ) are construction and transportation.
(761)to ( ) loudly with a lot of ( ), often ( ) damage or injury＝( )
A bomb has ( ) outside the Greek parliament in Athens.
(762)to ( )( ) the most important facts or ( ) of something
＝( )
Is ( ) books a copyright ( )?
(763)to ( )( )( ) something＝( )
Emotional and physical hunger are both ( ) of emptiness which you try to ( ) with food.
(764)to ( ) someone to lose ( ) to do something＝( )
Further ( ) in the price of gasoline would ( )
him from driving his car.
(765)to ( ) something＝( )
The need to ( ) and ( ) employee productivity is a reality no business can ( ).
(766)to be the most ( ) or ( ) part of something＝( )
Occupations in which women workers ( ) tend to ( ) lower in ( ) of earnings.
(767)to ( ) an ( )( ) someone or something after thinking about them carefully
＝( )
It is necessary that teachers ( ) a student's ability from ( ) aspects.
(768)to ( ) the examinations that are ( ) to do a particular profession＝( )
I am studying hard to ( ) as a ( ) public accountant.
ー視聴するだけでみるみる語彙力が伸びるー大学入学共通テスト 英英直読英単語・熟語(769)～(784)
(769)a ( ) of people of the same ( ), and with the same language, customs, and ( ),
especially in a ( ) country＝( )
How does deforestation affect ( )( ) in the Amazon rainforest?
(770)the ( ) that ( ) someone or something different from others ＝( )
It has long been thought that one of the ( ) which ( ) humans from other animals is the ability to ( ).
(771)the most important thing that you have to ( )( )＝( )
People with serious illness have other ( )( ) simply ( ) their lives.
(772)an angry ( ) or ( ) between two or more people＝( )
( ) after a ( ) is not always easy.
(773)money ( ) from someone who is ( ) for doing something ( )
＝( )
If the train you are travelling on is delayed, you are ( ) to ( ).
(774)the ( ) of ( ) from one ( ) to another＝( )
The ( ) to an industrial society started in the 18th century, largely ( ) by ( ) in science and technology.
(775)a ( ) good way of ( )＝( )
God will certainly reward ( ) and punish ( ).
(776)a ( ) of being very ( )＝( )
Muscle ( ) is a normal ( )( ) of exercise.
(777) ( ) or ( ) in large quantities＝( )
Japan used to be famous for its ( ) supplies of clean, fresh water.
(778) ( ) or unreasonable＝( )
He says he was taken by aliens, but no one believes such a ( ) story.
(779)able to ( )( ) new and ( ) ideas＝( )
Our coach is ( ) and often ( )( )( ) new plans.
(780)behaving in a ( ) and ( ) way＝( )
I believe we're ( ) enough to use a computer appropriately.
(781)to ( ) that something will ( )＝( )
( ) the demand for the products and services that your business offers ( ) many factors.
(782)to officially ( ) your marriage ( ) your ( )＝( )
What ( ) the couples who choose to ( ) married from those
who choose to ( )?
(783)to ( ) something ( ) in order to ( ) it ＝( )
Genetically ( ) food is food produced from plants or animals whose DNA has been ( ) through genetic engineering.
(784)to ( ) something＝( )
I could not ( ) meeting him ( )( ).
ー視聴するだけでみるみる語彙力が伸びるー大学入学共通テスト 英英直読英単語・熟語(785)～(800)
(785)to ( ) that something is ( ) true＝( )
Freud ( ) that laughter releases ( ) and ( ) mental frustration.
(786)to ( ) someone ( ) doing something ( ),
especially something that is not very ( )＝( )
Some have ( ) that lying can never be ( ) under any circumstances.
(787)to ( ) that you have been ( ) and will ( ) fighting＝( )
The robber finally ( ) and ( ) his hostage.
(788)to ( ) an action or a process ( ) or more ( ) to happen＝( )
The role of the interpreter is to ( )( ) communication between people who use different languages.
(789)actions or opinions that ( ) your strong ( ) with a plan or ( )
＝( )
( ) to United States ( ) in the Vietnam War began with demonstrations in 1964.
(790)one half of the ( ) or ( )＝( )
People in mild climates in the northern ( ) sometimes experience periods of very hot and ( ) weather.
(791)a ( ) service or other ( ) that is always performed in the same way
＝( )
Shinto festivals generally ( )( )( ) with joyful celebration.
(792)a ( )( )( ) you look at something＝( )
Whether it's a still shot or a movie, camera ( )( ) the look, feel and mood of that story.
(793)an idea which ( ) to ( ) something
but has yet to be ( ) to be ( )＝( )
Conducting an experiment without a ( ) is like starting a road trip just ( ) the ( ) of driving.
(794)the ( ) made by many people ( ) their hands to ( ) their ( ) or enjoyment＝( )
It was such an ( ) movie that the director received thunderous ( ) from the audience.
(795)the ( ) that something will happen＝( )
No matter how security ( ) you are, the ( ) of thieves ( )( ) your home is always a worrying possibility.
(796)a situation that is strange, funny, or sad because things ( ) in the ( )( ) to what you would expect＝( )
The White House Press Secretary described the ( ) of people buying guns after shooting attacks as a“( )( ).”
(797) ( ) of doing something in an ( ) or ( ) way＝( )
Candidates whose faces look ( ) enjoy an electoral advantage.
(798)not ( ) to ( ) your ideas＝( )
When your elderly parents need help but become ( ), it can be a difficult situation.
(799) ( ) but able to be ( )＝( )
The room is spacious and comfortable, ( ) the air-conditioning is a bit noisy but is ( ).
(800) ( ) or ( ) to a particular situation or person＝( )
Students must be able to select ( ) information from a lecture or text.
※以下は穴埋め式ディクテーション用紙の末尾に示された大学入学共通テスト 時間内で解ける力がつく英英直読英単語・熟語の最終章で全体の１/５０です。全部解けばどれだけ力がつくかご想像頂けると思います。
左頁
単語にあった定義を選んでください。
(197)
①assert【əsə'ːrt】(Ex:Freud *asserted that laughter *releases *tension and *liberates *mental *frustration.)(785)
②excuse【ekskjúːz】(Ex:Some have *argued that *lying can never be *excused under any *circumstances.)(786)
③surrender【səréndər】(Ex:The *robber *finally *surrendered and *released his *hostage.)(787)
④facilitate【fəsílətèit】(Ex:The *role of the *interpreter is to *facilitate *accurate *communication between people who use different *languages.)(788)
(A)to *admit that you have been *defeated and will stop fighting
(B)to *forgive someone for doing something wrong, especially something that is not very *serious
(C)to make an *action or a *process easier or more likely to happen
(D)to *state that something is *certainly true
(198)
①opposition【ɑ`pəzíʃən】(Ex:*Opposition to United States *involvement in the Vietnam War began with *demonstrations in 1964.)(789)
②hemisphere【hémisfìər】(Ex:People in mild *climates in the northern *hemisphere sometimes experience *periods of very hot and *humid *weather.)(790)
③ritual【rítʃuəl】(Ex:Shinto festivals *generally *combine *solemn *rituals with joyful *celebration.)(791)
④angle【ǽŋgl】(Ex:Whether it's a still shot or a movie, camera *angles *influence the look, feel and mood of that story.)(792)
(A)a *position from which you look at something
(B)one half of the *globe or *brain
(C)*actions or opinions that show your strong *disagreement with a plan or *policy
(D)a *religious service or other *ceremony that is always *performed in the same way
右頁
(197)
①assert:断言する(Ex:フロイトは、笑いは緊張を発散し精神的欲求不満を解放すると断言した。)(2010センター追試)
②excuse:許す(Ex:どんな状況においても嘘は決して許されないと主張する人々もいた。)(1999センター)
③surrender:降服する(Ex:.強盗はついに降服し、人質を解放した。)
④facilitate:容易にする(Ex:通訳の役割は、異なる言語を使用する人々の間の正確な意思疎通を容易にすることである。)
(A)負けたことを認めて戦うのをやめると言うこと
(B)何か悪いこと、特にそれほど深刻ではないことをした誰かを許すこと
(C)行為または過程をより簡単に、またはより起こりやすくすること
(D)何かが確かに真実であると述べること
①(D)②(B)③(A)④(C)
(198)
①opposition:反対(Ex:米国のベトナム戦争への関与に対する反対は、1964年のデモで始まった。)
②hemisphere:半球(Ex:北半球の穏やかな気候の人々は時には非常に暑くて高湿の天候の時期を経験することがある。)(2003センター)
③ritual:儀式(Ex:神道の祭は一般的に、厳粛な儀式と楽しい祝典を結びつける。)
④angle:角度(Ex:静止画であろうと映画であろうと、カメラの角度はそのストーリーの外見、感覚、雰囲気に影響する。)
(A)何かを見る位置
(B)地球あるいは脳の半分
(C)計画または方針に対する強い不同意を示す行動または意見
(D)常に同じ方法で行われる宗教的勤めやその他の儀式
①(C)②(B)③(D)④(A)
左頁
単語にあった定義を選んでください。
(199)
①hypothesis【haipɑ'θəsis】(Ex:*Conducting an *experiment without a *hypothesis is like starting a road trip just for the sake of driving.)(793)
②applause【əplɔ'ːz】(Ex:It was such an *excellent movie that the director received thunderous *applause from the *audience.)(794)
③prospect【prɑ'spekt】(Ex:No matter how *security *conscious you are, the *prospect of *thieves breaking into your home is always a *worrying *possibility.(795)
④irony【áiərəni】(Ex:White House Press Secretary *described the *phenomenon of people buying guns after shooting *attacks as a“*tragic *irony.”)(796)
(A)the *possibility that something will happen
(B)an idea which *attempts to *explain something but has yet to be *proved to be *correct
(C)a *situation that is strange, funny, or sad because things happen in the *opposite way to what you would *expect
(D)the sound made by many people hitting their hands to show their *approval or enjoyment
(200)
①competent【kɑ'mpətənt】(Ex:*Candidates whose faces look *competent enjoy an *electoral *advantage. )(797)
②stubborn【stʌ'bərn】(Ex:When your elderly parents need help but become *stubborn, it can be a difficult situation.)(798)
③tolerable【tɑ'lərəbl】(Ex:The room is *spacious and *comfortable, though the air-conditioning is a bit *noisy but is *tolerable.)(799)
④relevant【réləvənt】(Ex:Students must be able to *select *relevant information from a *lecture or text.)(800)
(A)*unpleasant but able to be *accepted
(B)important or *necessary to a *particular situation or person
(C)not willing to change your ideas
(D)*capable of doing something in an *efficient or *effective way
右頁
(199)
①hypothesis:仮説(Ex:仮説なしで実験を行うのは、運転のためだけに道路旅行を始めるようなものだ。)
②applause:喝采(Ex:素晴らしい映画だったため監督は観衆から雷鳴のような喝采を受けた。)(2015共立女子大)
③prospect:見込み(Ex:どれほど防犯意識が高くても、家に泥棒が侵入する見込みはいつでも心配な可能性である。)
④irony:皮肉(Ex:記者会見でホワイトハウスの報道官は、銃撃の後で人々が銃を購入する現象を「悲劇的な皮肉」と描写した。)
(A)何かが起こるであろう可能性
(B)何かを説明しようと試みるが、まだ正しいと証明されてはいない考え
(C)物事が期待するのとは逆のあり方で起こる奇妙な、面白い、または悲しい状況
(D)多くの人が手をたたいて承認や楽しさを示すための音
①(B)②(D)③(A)④(C)
(200)
①competent:有能な(Ex:有能そうに見える顔の候補者は選挙での優位を享受する。)
②stubborn:頑固な(Ex:高齢の両親が助けを必要とするが頑固であると、それは難しい状況になり得る。)
③tolerable:耐えられる(Ex:部屋は広く快適で、エアコンがややうるさかったが耐えられた。)
④relevant:関連のある(Ex:生徒は講義や教科書から関連ある情報を選択できなければならない。)
(A)不快だが受け入れられる
(B)特定の状況や人に重要あるいは必要な
(C)自分の考えを変えようとしない
(D)効率的または効果的な方法で何かを行うことができる
①(D)②(C)③(A)④(B)
左頁
※英英定義を読んで例文を完成させてください。
(785)Freud ass------ that laughter releases tension and liberates mental frustration.
【to state that something is certainly true】
(786)Some have argued that lying can never be exc------ under any circumstances.
【to forgive someone for doing something wrong, especially something that is not very serious】
(787)The robber finally sur------ and released his hostage.
【to admit that you have been defeated and will stop fighting】
(788)The role of the interpreter is to fac------ accurate communication between people who use different languages.
【to make an action or a process easier or more likely to happen】
(789)Opp------ to United States involvement in the Vietnam War began with demonstrations in 1964.
【actions or opinions that show your strong disagreement with a plan or policy】
(790)People in mild climates in the northern hem------ sometimes experience periods of very hot and humid weather.【one half of the globe or brain】
(791)Shinto festivals generally combine solemn rit------ with joyful celebration.
【a religious service or other ceremony that is always performed in the same way】
(792)Whether it's a still shot or a movie, camera ang------ influence the look, feel and mood of that story.
【a position from which you look at something】
(785)asserted(786)excused(787)surrendered(788)facilitate
(789)Opposition(790)hemisphere(791)rituals(792)angles
右頁
※英英定義を読んで例文を完成させてください。
(793)Conducting an experiment without a hyp------ is like starting a road trip just for the sake of driving.
【an idea which attempts to explain something but has yet to be proved to be correct】
(794)It was such an excellent movie that the director received thunderous app------ from the audience.
【the sound made by many people hitting their hands to show their approval or enjoyment】
(795)No matter how security conscious you are, the pro------ of thieves breaking into your home is always a worrying possibility.
【the possibility that something will happen】
(796)White House Press Secretary described the phenomenon of people buying guns after shooting attacks as a“tragic iro------ .”
【a situation that is strange, funny, or sad because things happen in the opposite way to what you would expect】
(797)Candidates whose faces look com------ enjoy an electoral advantage.
【capable of doing something in an efficient or effective way】
(798)When your elderly parents need help but become stu------ , it can be a difficult situation.
【not willing to change your ideas】
(799)The room is spacious and comfortable, though the air-conditioning is a bit noisy but is tol------ .
【unpleasant but able to be accepted】
(800)Students must be able to select rel------ information from a lecture or text.
【important or necessary to a particular situation or person】
(793)hypothesis(794)applause(795)prospect(796)irony
(797)competent(798)stubborn(799)tolerable(800)relevant
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