The origin of American Thanksgiving and how to celebrate i

加拿大留学生Essay代写范文:“The origin of American Thanksgiving and how to celebrate it”，这篇论感恩节是美国和加拿大许多人庆祝的节日。在美国，圣诞节在11月的第四个星期四举行，标志着圣诞节的开始 文主要描述的是在美国留学的我们，怎么可以错过一年一度的美国感恩节呢？本文主要为各位详细的介绍了美国感恩节的由来，以及在美国人们是如何庆祝感恩节这个盛大的节日。

Thanksgiving is a holiday celebrated by many people in the United States and Canada. In the United States it is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November and marks the start of the Christmas season. Some people celebrate Thanksgiving to remember the first harvest of the pilgrims and Puritans, groups of people from England who immigrated to North America in the 1600s. Some people recreate the first Thanksgiving and dress up as pilgrims, puritans, and the Native Americans who are said to have helped the new arrivals find food to survive their first winter.
Most people, however, see Thanksgiving as one day a year to reflect upon what they are thankful for. Some families will sit together and take turns saying aloud what they are thankful for. An important part of Thanksgiving is families coming together. Extended family members often travel long distances to share the day with their loved ones. In the United States Thanksgiving is the busiest travel day of the year. People travel in planes, trains, buses, and cars to share a very special meal - Thanksgiving dinner.
What most Thanksgiving celebrations have in common is the food. On Thanksgiving many families prepare large, elaborate dinners to share with friends and loved ones. Many of these dinners use ingredients associated with the fall harvest, like cranberries, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, and cranberries. Roast turkey is the traditional meat served. It is so common that some people call Thanksgiving Day "Turkey Day". The turkey is usually served with gravy and stuffing. Pies are usually served for dessert. The most common pies served are sweet potato, apple, pecan, and pumpkin.
Thanksgiving is not just celebrated in the privacy of people's homes. Every year the President of the United States pardons a turkey, saving it from becoming someone's meal. In New York City, Macy's, a department store, holds a large parade with huge balloons of various cartoon characters floating down the street.

The role of the school structure is to promote integration

哈喽，大家好，今天给大家带来一篇优秀的论文 - The role of the school structure is to promote integration，这篇论文主要描述的是维多利亚州政府认为所有的学校都应该具有包容性，特别是为有残疾或额外学习需要的学生提供更多的学习机会，这种所倡导的包容性教育旨在为所有学生提供高质量的教育服务，满足学生们的学习需要，因此学校应该定制和倡导形成包容性的文化，形成良好的教学氛围。一起来看看吧

Abstract
In the paper “Inclusive Schools Are Effective Schools” (ED, 2007), the Victorian Government believes that all government school students, including those with disabilities and additional learning needs, are entitled to an excellent education that provides them with a genuine opportunity to succeed. In response to this vision, mainstream and special schools in Victoria are adopting policies and practices that are driven by the desire to be the providers of high quality educational service to all students regardless of their learning needs. The paper shows both characteristics of inclusive schools and effective schools as well as giving the six areas that are needed to be approached strategically. Then drive to the conclusion that inclusive schools are effective schools. 
The key of the inclusive education is the high quality education services to everyone. Not simply include the special educational needs students, but also satisfy everyone’s learning needs.  Problems are mainly laid in two aspects: people have a weak consciousness on inclusive education and the structure and the operation of inclusive schools are difficult to manage. In order to solve the problems, the school should develop inclusive culture, structure and operation to achieve the high quality educational services.
In order to become more inclusive, the school should develop an inclusive culture.          
An inclusive culture, according to Mukhopadhyay and  Prakash  (2004,  p.17) is a culture that
acknowledges that children with disabilities are everyone’s responsibility and hence it follows that there should be a zero reject policy in school admissions. Character Education Partnership, CEP, (2010), put out a position paper on its website called, If We Want Good Schools, We Must Assess Culture/Climate. CEP Defines School Culture as all aspect of school life, including a safe and caring environment, a powerful pedagogy and curriculum, student motivation and engagement, professional faculty culture and relationship trust, parent partnerships, and community collaboration. School culture reflects the value and behavior of individual member of the school environment and also the overall orientation of the society in which the school has been established. 
People lack the consciousness that every child has the equal chance to receive the high quality education, and those with disabilities and special needs are included, too. The importance and necessity of inclusive education should be realized and appreciated by the whole society. To be able to better understand the inclusive culture, it is helpful to look at its opposite - exclusion. The following statements describe ways in which a person may be excluded(ED, 2011).  "You can't join our group!" "You're not my friend. I won't play with anybody like you." We may see it or hear it before. Some people may probably have similar experience.  Sometimes those who are different from others are excluded and unaccepted by people. The fact is that everyone is different. People have different learning disabilities, physical features, social statuses or anything else.  It is incorrect to judge people by their disabilities. The attitudes toward these people are the results of the environment (ED, 2011). The children normally react and behave as they see what in modeled by teachers, parents and their peers. Everyone in the inclusive learning community is encouraged to stand in the shoes of others or think about their own experience of exclusion. The inclusive value should be verbally communicated in the learning community and also be written in the school mission which is not only displayed promptly but also imbibed by one and all. They will have better understanding of an inclusive value and attitude towards the differences among people. The school, teachers and parents should collaborate to deal with all exclusion cases. They also must have a clear understanding of school culture as well as of inclusive school culture. Building the inclusive school culture requires support from all social powers in the long run. It requires patience and a lot of planning. The inclusive culture applies to everyone at school and the high quality education service should be equally delivered to all.
The role of school structure is to foster inclusion. The leadership is able to understand the value of inclusive education and then followed by written. In order to deliver quality education services, the leadership skills and their attitudes play an important role. The benefits of inclusion for every child should be seen. Implementation of inclusive education strategies should be supported. The cooperation between school and the parents should be developed (ED, 2011). Inclusive schools require managers and leaders to be professional and experienced. (Espin, 1998) Therefore, policy and decision on manager’s selection is necessary. As an educational leader, the manager should promote the students by facilitating the development, articulation, implementation and stewardship of a vision of learning that is shared and supported by the school community. When appointing someone to be the leader of an inclusive school, deep understanding and exams are necessary. At the same time, flexible education system, well trained teachers, strong multi-skilled personnel and good student participation are not only needed but also are a must for a successful inclusive structure. The teachers and administrators who believe in and have the skills to support the mission should be hired. 
Physical inclusion does not mean real inclusion. In the real inclusion, children accepted and participated equally by their learning environment. The children are not just physical included in the classroom (Mcleskey & Nancy, 2008). 
Since there are fewer children of new generation, the special school was included to the elementary school. The new school provides inclusive education. Therefore, both special needs students and students from elementary school shared the learning resources. The new management team decided to put Mrs. Fialova, a teacher from the special school, in the regular class as assistant because of her special education qualification. Mrs. Fialova had her special needs students at the back of the classroom. At the same time, Mrs. Drobna, the main teacher, taught her students in front of the classroom. During the class, neither two teachers nor the students have any communication with each other.  Only when Mrs Fialova left, the children started to work with the rest of the class. The management of the school just combines the schools but it does not make changes in the school culture and structure. The teacher with special education qualification is not effectively used. The teacher from the elementary school is not trained to collaborate with the specialists. The school structure is not developed and the education quality is not assessed by the leadership after the inclusive decision was made.
The education quality should be addressed in the inclusive school daily operation. The quality of lesson is often a concern in an inclusive educational system. According to the paper (Van den Bos, 2007), inclusive school stresses students’ learning needs rather than their disability. They think that by communicating with different multi-skilled personnel such as teachers, specialists, clinicians, volunteers are available to support students with their progress. 
Some people think children with special needs should study at special schools because the special schools provide qualified special education teachers and the suitable learning resources. The special schools even have small numbers of the students in one class(ED, 2011). In some people’ opinions, the students with special education learning needs get too much attention from the teachers, and the rest of the class cannot get enough learning assistance from teacher.  The above premises are against the results of the studies. When individualized and differentiated teaching techniques such as inclusive education methods are used, the quality of education will be increased. American researchers Paul J. Jordan and Anne Stanovish. found that teaching strategies taking into account the diversity of students' individual needs lead to greater involvement of students in education, better results and also to their creating a better self-image, which is true both for children with special educational needs and children without them. It can be inferred that if proper teaching methods are used in the inclusive education, the whole inclusive class can make great improvement in their learning. The individual learning plans should be documented. Every student has learning portfolio. The professional training for teaching staffs will also be scheduled in order to maintain the quality of education at the inclusive school. Assessment is essential for providing curriculum to all learners according to their needs and potential. Assessment is NOT for picking up what learners do not know but it is for providing the framework for the activities in which learners can show their understanding of the knowledge they have reconstructed (Sai, 2003).              
Operations in an inclusive school require several additional resources, such as additional staffing, facilities and materials, compared to the mainstream schools.  Inclusive schools have to provide special education training program for their teachers regally. It requires support from leadership and money. In order to maintain the stable financial support, schools should have own special educational fund. The yearly income from the school finance for the special education funds should be written in the school policy. Schools can also work with local government and non government organizations for extra funds for additional staffing, facilities and materials.  The other local schools are welcomed corporate with inclusive schools by sharing staffing, facilities and materials.
CONCLUSION
In order to develop inclusive school, the inclusive school culture is essential. It is the first step to make inclusive school culture widely known within the school and accepted by the local community. The school culture has direct influence on the structure of the school, as how school operates influences how the school is structured. The inclusive culture, structure and operation should be well conducted in order to meet every student academic, social and personal learning needs. The inclusive schools with high quality education services are effective schools.

Business application personal statement

留学生essay代写范文:“Business application personal statement”，这篇论文主要描述的是商科留学personal statement（个人陈述）要怎么写，或许在看完了这篇范文后能够找到你想要的答案，作者先写出了自己本身是一个平凡的人，但是在通过自己的不懈努力后，凭借着自己的毅力在不断的超越和挑战自己，并表明了自己在金融方面有着特殊的禀赋。话不多说 一起看看吧

Through beads of sweat I can finally see the finish line. Propelled forward by my loaded legs, my heart pumping loud inside, along the  racing track am I struggling to make a last dashing effort. The 10,000-meter race is exhausting. Other contestants are right behind me;   they are looking for chances to overtake me. I cannot afford to let off,  not even a slightest bit because I have been preparing for this moment  for years. “Beat them! You Must!” a voice deep inside me keeps shouting  to me. In a match, there is just one aim—to win and to get the upper  hand of your opponents. To do so, it is even necessary to go beyond   one’s ultimate limit. Then the crucial moment comes, the moment of fulfilling one’s prescribed objective.
I am by no means the smartest student in my class. But my perseverance, my pursuit of excellence, and my readiness to challenge my ultimate limit have enabled me to achieve self-transcendence time and again in my  past education. Whether in winning prizes during major academic aptitudes contests through my middle school days or in entering the Mathematics Department of XX University (arguably the best place to study mathematics in China) waived of the otherwise required entrance examinations, I have achieved every success through strong willpower and  persistence. I believe that life is a long journey and my present application for XX University, arguably the best university in the  world, is my new attempt to scale new heights.
In the summer of 2002, several major universities in China, including XX  University and XX University, offered to enroll me free of entrance examinations due to my winning the first prize in the XXX that year. I eventually chose XX University. In its Mathematics Department are gathered the most outstanding talents of the country. In this  competitive environment, my aptitudes not only in mathematics but also in physics and computer have improved rapidly. I realized that I had to compete in order to excel.
I achieved all-round academic development at XX University. Apart from receiving effective and systematic training in mathematics, I have had ample opportunities to exchange with the first-rate professors and fellow students. Under the influence of the University’s overall academic atmosphere, I have attained increasing mental maturity by developing my team spirit, personal responsibility, and other persona qualities. For the first time in my life I gained the understanding that a true elite is born out of a group of elites. Although I do not pretend to be the best student in my department, every major progress that I  have achieved in this unique university has repeatedly convinced me  that, as long as I persevere academically the way that I persevere athletically, I will ultimately develop myself into a person of  outstanding excellence of my generation.
My choice of switching to an undergraduate program in Finance at XX  University originates from my ideal of receiving the world’s first-rate undergraduate education and of exposing myself to the influence of an elitist academic culture. Just as XX University has attracted to it the  best students in China, XX University has attracted to it the best  students in the world. I identify myself strongly with your university motto which admonishes your students to be with the greatest masters of  the academia and, most importantly, to be with the truth. At such a world prestigious university as XX University, it will be possible for        me to listen to the instructions of the world ‘s best teachers, to exchange with and to compete against the best students in the world.  Those two factors will give me lifelong benefits. I believe that only by plunging myself into this highly competitive environment will it be  possible for me to bring my important potential into the fullest play, and to further develop my courage to face challenges, enhance my endurance, and improve my analytical thinking.
The motivation behind my decision to specialize in finance lies in my determination to apply my special aptitudes in mathematics to the study of social science. China is currently experiencing an unprecedented economic development in history. As a student that has grown up in pace  with China’s implementation of market economy, I have the strong wish to        learn the most advanced knowledge and skills in the world and to contribute my efforts to the further development of China’s economy.
Like many other elitist students of XX University, I find my middle school education filled with accolades won through hard efforts and toils. From junior middle school to senior middle school (XX Middle School, the key middle school of XX Province), I maintained a top 1% academic performance in my grade (consisting of 400 students) and was given, among various awards, the Outstanding Student honor every year. I received approximately 20 awards in national and provincial contests of  mathematics, physics, English and chemistry (please refer to my Resume for more detailed information). Among those awards, some of the most important ones include the first prize in the XX, the gold medal in the“Hope Cup” XX, the third prize in the XX, and the first prize in the XX City’s XX. I have strong interest and special aptitudes in mathematics and physics. By studying those two subjects, I have not only improved my scholastic level and rigorous logical reasoning but also developed my ability to solve problems independently. Although my future career will not necessarily be in the field of mathematics, I firmly believe that mathematics is the most fundamental science through which human beings gain knowledge about this world. The knowledge and the way of thinking that I have developed through my study of mathematics, together with the strong willpower that I have evolved in the process, will be my lifelong assets. 
Nevertheless, I have never allowed myself to be a bookworm. Instead, Ihave always sought for comprehensive personal development in management skills, interpersonal communication, and in athletic contests. During my senior middle school days, I was a student official in the Students Union and was responsible for organizing many important campus events such as the choral festival, cultural festival, debate contests, and exchanges with other schools in the city. I was the editor of the student publication”Footprint”. Although my coursework at XX University is very heavy, I have been working as a key student official of the departmental Students Union. While enriching my extracurricular life, my work at the Students Union has shown me the importance of teamwork and has taught me important skills of sound interpersonal relations. The development of organizational and management skills will also become an   important legacy for my future financial study and practice. 
For a dedicated runner, he has only one focus — to dash to the finish  line ahead of his adversaries. It is a test of his stamina and he must prove his sportsmanship. For me, the sole reason for pursuing a more advanced education is that I have come to the moment of facing a new        challenge and I need to conquer it. The height of life is reached through repeated self-transcendences—this is what I understand about the meaning of life. I have done so in the past and I will continue to do so in the future. What I am doing at present is one of those        self-transcendences—to apply for admission into a university of true world prestige.
For many years, I have been practicing 10,000-meter long-distance running everyday. In so doing, I have not only developed my strong  physique but also won a spate of prizes at sports meetings. The most important thing is that I have improved my character and strengthened my willpower. In every 10,000-meter event, I clench my teeth, try to go beyond my ultimate limit and beat my competitors, until I dash to the finish ahead of others. Each experience is an experience of setting andfulfilling an objective.
First draft-ending
For a brave mountain climber, the sole reason for his mountain climbing is that the high mountain is there and he must surmount it. For me, the sole reason for pursuing a more advanced education is that I have come to the moment of facing a new challenge and I need to conquer it. The height of life is reached through repeated self-transcendences—this is        what I understand about the meaning of life. I have done so in the past and I will continue to do so in the future. What I am doing at present is one of those self-transcendences—to apply for admission into a university of true world prestige.

Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the development of multinational companies

加拿大留学生Essay代写范文:“Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the development of multinational companies”，这篇论文主要描述的是随着社会经济的发展与进步，一种全新的组织形式也开始出现，跨国公司 跨国公司（TNC）可以称为跨国公司（MNC），它是一家有权控制一个以上国家的生产和提供服务等业务的公司/企业，甚至不拥有它（Peter Dicken，2007）。国贸中心在许多不同的发展中国家设有许多办事处和工厂，其总部将设在发达国家。它具有地理上的灵活性，能够在生产要素上把工厂设在不同的国家。一起来看看吧

Transnational Corporation (TNC) can be known as Multinational Corporation (MNC) which is a corporation/ enterprise that have power to control operations such as productions and deliver services in more than one country at a time even does not own it (Peter Dicken, 2007). ITNC have many offices and factories in many different developing countries while their headquarters will be located in developed countries. It is geographical flexible and ability to take advantage by locate its factories in different countries in the factors of productions. Besides that, TNC will bring in foreign direct investment (FDI), has a great influence in local economy and global economy as it can provide work opportunity, increase productivity, enhance in exportation and generates economic development in less developed countries or developing countries as well. an example of TNC is Sony. Global economy means an integrated world economy with free movement of goods, services and capital across countries. While 'footloose' means companies free to do everything, free to explore to everywhere without any restrictions and even enter or exit market as they like.
ADVANTAGES/ STRENGTHS OF TNC TOWARD HOST COUNTRIES
Based on the research found by Economist Newspaper Group, Incorporate, TNCs are big, rich and have a larger budget than nation's GDP. Hence, it has power influence on global economy by enrich a country economy. It can be shown by the example of how the ownership of American manufacturing plants affects their chances of closing.
2.1 Economic impact
According to the research found by Andrew Bernard of Dartmouth College's Tuck School of Business and Bradford Jensen of the Institute for International Economics, they found that between 1987 and 1997 American factories owned by multinationals not only less likely to close down but last longer than local firms. It because TNC richer, larger size and have greater production which assist them achieve greater economic of scale and much more efficient in access cheaper finance. Possess with these strengths, exporters are able to survive within global economy compare to factories which only produce for domestic market, while multinational firms are able to stand apart from their competitors from low wage countries.
2.2 Increase employment rate
The benefits of multinational provided are much more than local firms. As a multinational firm enters into a developing country or low wage country, it can provide job opportunities to local workers. For example, Nike enters into low wage countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia in order to seek low labor cost which indirect increase the employment rate of the countries. In addition, the multinational firm's labors are better beneficial than local firms' labors with higher paid and compensation from losing jobs. This may create workers' loyalty toward company and contribute more to the firm.
2.3 Technology contribution
TNC play an important role in developing countries in terms of technology contribution. For example, development of deep-water oil extraction may require mature technical skills and capabilities. For those in West Asia tend to remain State-owned oil companies in hand may require high technology and skillful technical from TNC which are not locally available like knowledge of long-distance horizontal drilling expertise used to exploit huge oil. Not only that, for certain countries which with sufficient expertise sometimes may cooperate with TNC in the development of oilfield like Kuwait. By relying on TNC's advance technology and managerial expertise, it can assist them expand globally.
2.4 Enhancement of export
One of the advantages that TNC provided is enhancement of export. This could be seen through mineral industry that TNC helped to boost its exportation by expand it production facilities, value added to minerals and use of transfer pricing within global market. According to the world investment report, involvement of TNC in trading has led the exportation of country increase especially in the field of mineral industry and resulted mineral become main export sources in most of the developing countries such as in Chile, percentage of the exportation of copper in total exports goods rose from 38% to 61% in the period of 2003- 2006.
Another industry that has been affected by the Involvement of TNC in trading is oil and gas field. Participant of TNC helps increase production and exportation of some countries like Argentina, Indonesia, Ecuador and etc. In Ecuador, TNC help increase their exportation of crude oil by adding transport capacity for 400.000 barrels per day (ECLAC,2004).
2.5 Generation revenue to developing countries
Participant of TNC in trading not only increase the exportation of countries but also help to generate revenue. Firms from developing countries may gain a lot from TNC in terms of learn their experience in export market which skill may not found available in local and skills in add value to the raw material before export. Increasing revenue from exportation of countries may help them have the ability to import inputs they needed from foreign countries and the foreign countries may also generate revenue from it.
2.6 Generation of government revenue
A tax system has been designed by government in order to generate revenue from companies by encourage firms finance their investment through intra-company loan. Through this way, government can generate revenue from firms when firms make installment for the loan in which the repayment may reduce firms' revenue for several years (sources from UNRISD, 2005). As mention in the case of Peru (sources: World Investment Report 2007), the net profit has rose from $4billion to $67 billion between 2002 and 2006 due to the growth of exportation. At the same time, tax income the firm paid has been increase as well from $2 billion to $27 billion and it may increase government revenue.
2.7 infrastructure development
Involvement of TNC may increase the infrastructure development in the countries due to the activities of TNC may require public utilities such as water supply, electricity supply, transportation infrastructures like road, railway, and airports for them transfer and export the goods. As an example, involvement of TNC inthe development of Lake Victoria Goldfields in United Republic of Tanzania contributed to development of infrastructure like roads, hotels and airport facilities which affected to an increase in tourism in the countries. Following by this may increase income of people in local country, increase economic growth and government revenue as well.
2.8 Environmental impact
Government has been worked hard to minimize negative impact on environment which resulting by firms' activities especially extractive activities. Types of mineral extracted, technology the firm used to extract and scale of extraction may impose an impact on environment. According to the World Investment Report 2007, it stated that domestic firms were unable to minimize the impact on environment when undertake extractive activities due to they were lack of standard environmentally management, advance technology and resources as TNC possess. With the involvement of TNC in metal mining industry may help to reduce the impact on environment with their environment-friendly production technique, advance technique extraction, and standard environmentally management ability.
DISADVANTAGES OF TNC
Participant of TNC in trading not only provide advantages but disadvantages as well.
3.1 Labour exploitation
One of the disadvantage that TNC involve in trading include exploiting cheap labour . Most of the TNC decided to move production into low wage countries or developing countries intend to exploit cheap labour as well as Nike. In order to enter low wage countries, Nike makes agreement with local producers like India and Vietnam to manufacture their products because of the low labour cost and low production cost.. Through the low paid to labour force with few dollars a day and this may reduce their production cost as well, the firm can generate high profit and have a large budget to promote their brand.
3.2 Removal of capital
TNC can bring jobs, technology and inject capital to low wage countries easily as well as it could be leave easily. All capital of TNC does not stay in host country for a long time but it can be removed anytime by TNC. This can be seen through the example of Sony Corporation left West Java, Indonesia due to the poor business climate. When there is an opportunity for TNC injects capital in this low wage country, it could allocate their factory and office in this country as they like at any time. On the contrary, Sony could remove all their capital away from this country when they faced unfavorable climate like making lose.
3.3 Economic recession
Emergence of TNC could increase economic growth or contrary. As mention above, involvement of high technology and skillful technical from TNC which are not locally available like knowledge of long-distance horizontal drilling expertise may assist in extend exportation and increase economic growth. On the other hand, when TNC taking all their capital injected to the countries away may result economic recession as well due to most of the local workers lost their income and has no expend ability. Hence, they may reduce their expenses and save all their money. Finally, it resulted economic recession.
3.4 Outflow of wealth
Outflow of wealth is another disadvantage of involving TNC in trading. Most of the TNC allocate their manufacturing plant is low weight countries like Indonesia, Vietnam and Cambodia because of the low wage of local labour and cheaper land to set up factories. Hence, the production cost may reduce and much more profit the firm can generate. Most of the profits generated are returned to shareholders and most of them will export it to their home country and will not stay in the host countries. Hence, the developing countries are not get wealth even there have participant of TNC in trading.
3.5 Outside decision making
Even there have participant of TNC in developing countries, but there is no authority for the countries to make any decision and the decisions are made by headquarter of the TNC. In addition, all decision will be made based on the benefit on their home country not the host countries itself. If they found they dislike the economic condition they will leave the countries and take all the capital they injected away while the profit they generated will not stay long within host countries also but will be exported to their home countries as well.
3.6 Widening gap between developed and developing countries
Due to most of the profit generated within developing countries may not stay for a long and will be exported to their home countries for development. Most of the TNC allocate their factories in developing countries because of the low wage of labour force and cheaper land for set up factories which may help to reduce production cost and generate higher profit. The profit they gain will be exported to their home country for development purpose. The more profit they gain the more development they can conduct toward their home country and it may widen the gap between developed and developing countries. For example, Nike makes agreement with local producers who from developing countries like India and Vietnam to manufacture their products because of the low labour cost and low production cost. The profit generated will not be used for investment in developing countries but export to their home country for development like innovate high technology products, foster more skillful technical and so on. This outflow of wealth is widening the gap between developed and developing countries.
WHY DRIVE TO MNC/ TNC
As we know that TNC is a type of profit-generated organization and powerful in dominant of global economic. Why firms transnationalize? There are some driving forces affecting firms' transnationalize but the most consequence is generating profits.
4.1 Avoid trade barriers
One of the reasons for the growth of TNC is avoid trade barrier by different governments such as quota restriction on import goods, taxes, government's policies and so on. Due to TNCs are able to coordinate and control operations of activities in different countries, hence, they allocate some of their offices and factories in developing countries and take this advantage to distribute their production around the countries. Through this way, TNCs are able to control terms to be traded, product distribution and avoid trade barriers which set by governments.
4.2 Cost advantage
Requirement of low wage labour cost would be another factor affect firms to transnationalise. Firms intend to seek for low wage labour cost in order to decrease their production cost and generate higher profit. Their ability in allocate factories and offices in different countries especially in low wage countries may help them achieve this objective. For example, Nike makes agreement with local producers who from developing countries like India and Vietnam to manufacture their products because of the low labour cost and low production cost. The profit generated will not be used for investment in developing countries but export to their home country for development.
On the other hand, increasing international transportation cost as an indicator induce firm intend to transnationalise in low wage countrie because it may help to meet cost advantage in terms of transportation and distribution cost as well. Their geographical flexibility and ability shift the production in different countries especially developing countries provide an opportunity for them to take advantage to reduce transportation fees and distribution cost.
Another cost advantage induce transnationlise is the cheaper land for set up factories and office in developing countries compare to developed countries. Even they have office in developing countries, but the authority of decision making is outside the countries and profit generated is on the shareholders' hands.
4.4 Secure supplies of raw materials
Supply of raw material would be another factor affect firm transnationalise in some countries. Even TNC is an organization which has power influence on global economy, huge financial resources, possess high technology and capabilities that not available in developing countries but it has weakness like lack of raw material supply such as mineral, gold and so on. In order to secure supplies of raw material to their home countries, TNC make agreements with the supply countries that they will inject capital in their countries as an exchange transaction and it may benefit both side.
FACTOR AFFECT TNC FOOTLOSE WITHIN GLOBAL ECONOMY
5.1Huge financial
There have some factor agree that TNCs are footloose within global economy. One of the factors would be their huge financial. Available of huge financial for TNC to develop more high technology product that not available in other countries and flexibility in allocate their resources and factories in different countries. Possess with the strong financial, TNCs have the choice to enter any countries they favor and exit as well. Most of the developing countries may need TNC inject their capital into their countries where lack of the huge financial for developing and explore. For example, Coca Cola is one of the manufacturer soft drink in the world and it has a strong financial ability. There have many developing countries encourage Coca cola inject capital and allocate their factories in their country which may help to increase their employment rate and economic condition. In order to attract TNC enter into their country, India's government offer incentives to Coca Cola to boost them enter into their country. According to this case, TNCs have a strong bargaining power with government and flexible in allocate their factories in worldwide due to they have a strong financial support.
5.2 Access to IT
There are many countries lack of skillful technical and up to date machinery so they encourage TNCs enters into their countries. TNC has the ability to access IT which not all the countries can access because they rich with skillful technical and engineering who are able to monitor the skillful technique inoperate high technology machine. Most of the TNCs are rich and possess a huge financial ability hence they can invest more in generate high production machinery and provide skillful technical training to employees. For example, knowledge of long-distance horizontal drilling expertise of TNC is useful for exploit huge oil. For those in West Asia tend to remain State-owned oil companies in hand may require this technology so they are welcome TNC enter into their country. In the aspect of TNC, they have the choice to choose countries they favor due to they have high technology machine and skillful technical which not available in other.
5.3 Brand name
TNSc can be view as footloose within global economy because of their brand name. In current market, most of the consumers will buy one product because of the brand name. They believe that all branded product can guarantee them the quality of products. For example, Microsoft is one of the TNCs. Consumers famous with its brand name because of their excellent operating system and web browser. Posses with the famous brand name, Microsoft can be view as footloose within global economy. It has the ability to enter and exit one country at any time.
FACTOR AFFECT TNC NOT FOOTLOSE WITHIN GLOBAL ECONOMY
There only one and the most important factor that against TNCs footloose within global economy which is government regulations. Even though TNCs possess a lot of strengths and bring in a lot positive impacts, but there still arise of government regulations restrict it. The negative impacts as mention above after Involvement of TNCs in trading induce government set some rules to restrict it from enter into their countries to exploit profits. Most of the TNCs are rich, own a strong financial ability, geographical flexibility and available with high technology machine which assist them have the ability to enter or exit countries at any time to exploit benefits. For example, even though Microsoft is famous with their brand name and technology which may enable them enter into countries easily but government come out some regulations to restrict it enter into countries because Microsoft abuse its monopoly power on the pc market by forcing computer makers to include its internet browser as a part of installation of windows software.

Online Shopping Research Report

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Online Shopping Research Report，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了网上购物。随着经济的发展，越来越多的顾客选择了网上购物这一并非不可治愈的方式。客户可以直接到网站上搜索一些信息，购买电子商务的基本产品或任何服务。此外，消费者的购买大多是基于产品如何表现出来的信息，如产品图片、质量信息、交货时间和价格等。由于网上购物不难或闻不到商品的味道，因此网站和卖家的信誉是非常重要的，可能会影响消费者的购买决策

With economics development, more and more customers are shopping online which is not incurable way. The customers can directly go to web site and search some information and purchase products or any services which is basic for e-commerce. Moreover, consumer-purchases are mostly based on information of product how it shows out, such as pictures of product, quality information, delivery time and price etc ( Park & Kim 2003, Kolesar and Galbraith 2000). As shopping online cannot tough or smell the products, therefore the web site and sellers' reputation are very important which might be affected the consumers purchase making decision (Park & Kim 2003, pp.16).
As internet has already linked to all of countries, it effectively advances the business development and there is no limited for them. Internet is not only advanced telecommunications, but also appearance of e-commerce has helped advance the environment which promotes the globalisation of markets throughout the world (Aljifri, et al 2003, pp.130). Moreover, e-commerce shows that lots of benefits, for example, expend the information area, development and innovation the new technologies, do some promotion for product sales and other services, and also cooperation between those in a supply chain (Aljifri, et al 2003, pp.130 & OECD, 1997). However, as it has grown and become an important tool for some, the most of people are still reluctant in indulging in this recent fact.
It is not argued that consumers are not browsing through e-commerce sites altogether, it shows that is increasing however the number of people that actually purchase from these e-commerce sites is low. According to Croner (2000), the biggest barrier to e-commerce growth is nor technology, but people's attitude towards it. Some consumers are still feeling online shopping is difficult to trust. According to Moseley (2000) e-commerce to be towards a viable market place and people should trust the internet. In the future, e-commerce will be dependant and also develop relationships between website and customers which can increase the creditable from website and more confidence from customers.
In a recent survey by Commerce Net, (2000), the top business to consumer barriers identified fro growth of e-commerce worldwide were security and encryption, trust and risk, user authentication and lack of public key infrastructure, and legal issues.
Global e-commerce, in its current embryonic state, cannot be overly regulated in order to promote innovation and growth. Yet measures need to be taken to implant trust between all parties in e-commerce. Atif (2002) recently proposed a system that utilizes a network based intermediaries designed to eliminate some of the transactional risks in conducting e-commerce transactions. He proposed the introduction of trust service providers (TSP) to act on behalf of all the parties involved in these transactions. Implementations of such systems will help to promote security within e-commerce transactions. Stories of criminal behavior in the e-commerce arena have created a stereotype for e-commerce that portrays the internet as an area of little governance and no true security. This stereotype has generated the lack of trust in electronic transactions and establishing trust highly depends on user perceptions.
The concept of trust in e-commerce has influenced many scholars from many different academic areas, which are elaborated later in the study. Previous research has concentrated on the adoption of e-commerce (Yaholm et al., 1993; Thomas., 1994; Cheskin Research, 1999; Beale, 1999; Periera, 1999; Siyal, 2000) all reveal consumers do not trust the existing security technologies and the general e-commerce set up. Studies also displayed that customers are worried about the delivery of their products ordered via the internet and about fraudulent e-merchants (Cheskin Research, 1999;Beale, 1999). At the same time consumers are becoming more mature, sophisticated and intelligent, are demanding higher levels of product information before making purchasing decisions (Periera, 1999).
Further research by Beale (1999) on e-commerce trust revealed that consumers are concerned about the privacy and protection of their personal information (including their credit card numbers, social insurance or security numbers and buying pattern history) when shopping online.
Previous research in to e-commerce trust aimed to identify trust, loyalty and likelihood of online purchase as the focal points of the investigation (Swaminathan et al, 1999; Jarvenpaa & Tractinsky, 1999; Jungwon et al, 1999). This study will also look into to these issues however at the same time it will attempt to provide further insight in to the factors that influence consumer trust online. This will involve examining the already proposed trust element of online vendors, from a consumer perspective, particularly focusing on the difference in purchasing demands between different ethnic origins.
To acquire the perceptions and attitudes of consumers towards the concept of online trust the research used structured questionnaires. This was achieved through a street survey taking place in Sheffield. The theoretical framework created to investigate the factors and the selected methods of investigation, (i.e. questionnaire design and sampling method) are explained in great depth in chapter three. Chapter two has concentrated on the theoretical background associated to the research subject, looking in to the concept of trust, online trust and factors that influence trust. This chapter also highlights in greater detail the security and privacy issues related to consumers.