北美作业代写：How to build official media

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- How to build official media，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了如何打造官方自媒体。自媒体作为一种互联网时代的新媒体传播形式，它的出现有其合理性，作为传统媒体的从业者应当主动了解和分析这种传播形式，在新的媒体发展环境下有力发声，推进媒体融合，打造官方自媒体，占据互联网宣传的主阵地。打造官方自媒体必须多平台联动造势，积极发声，将权威主流的声音同各类新兴的传播渠道相融合，形成新媒体矩阵。

Since the rise of the media is closely related to the development of network technology, it is impossible to appear in the media without the platform.

First of all, Internet technology enables the decentralization of communication and gives everyone an equal voice. Once upon a time the mode of transmission information relative to a single, central type and is transmitted, limited transmission of media in fixed time fixed content, only a few people can speak through the mass media, in order to gain the attention of people. But the Internet has given everyone a microphone, and all people can make their voices heard on the Internet platform and get people's attention.

Second, the vast amount of information on the Internet gives the media the opportunity to find a niche audience. We can see that now many media are developing audience in a specific vertical layers, such as finance, news, travel, food, cosmetic, games, sports and so on, this is from the perspective of the propagation mode of past hard, especially small, all the spheres of the number of less difficult to form scale effect. But in the Internet age, the emergence of massive users, solved the problem, as long as it can hold a small part of the population segment, the media will be able to form a large audience via the Internet, to form scale effect.

Although the Internet gives everyone the opportunity to voice, but that doesn't mean success, every since the media has a numerous followers from media regardless of the content and form have to hold the audience's needs.

First, personalize expression, become opinion leader. In the age of information explosion, it is not easy to gain a foothold in cyberspace. Successful since the media is often in a particular spheres of high-value, provide accurate content for specific target groups, and enhance their own personalized expression, in this way become a particular spheres of opinion leaders, so as to accumulate a large number of followers.

Secondly, fragmentation propagation, filling the scattered time. Mobile Internet era, people can get information by mobile terminal anytime and anywhere, but time will not be too long, the high frequency of use, filling fragmentation time gap to the media. They tend to fill people's fragmented time with short, concise content.

Undoubtedly, the massive influx of capital has provided a powerful impetus for the rapid development of the media, and it has pushed the media to the investment outlets, bringing the rapid improvement and development of the industry.

First of all, capital promotes mature media IP. Accumulated under the intervention of capital, some early popularity since the media quickly IP transition, formed a personal brand, behind this is team planning, packaging,, interactive operation, business development and so on. The injection of capital has led to a more professional and systematic development of the media.

Secondly, some early grow up since the media has begun to act as the role of investors, such as xiao-bo wu and Luo Zhenyu, they rise in new support their favourite brand of the media, forming the new media alliance.

Xi jinping in February 2014, the general secretary in chaired a meeting of the central leading group for network security and information when first meeting pointed out: "to do a good job of online public opinion is a long-term task, to innovate to improve online publicity, using the network dissemination rule, to carry forward the melody and stimulate positive energy, greatly cultivate and practice the socialist core values, a good grasp of online public opinion guide, degree and effect, make network space clear." Traditional media actively use the Internet platform, will need to spread the content from the official from the media channels transmitted to a wider audience, this is the need of new era public opinion propaganda work, is also facing the spread of the Internet era of positive response.

Credibility is the biggest advantage of traditional media. Nowadays, with the rapid development of Internet, people's access to information is no longer completely dependent on traditional media, but the demand for authoritative information still relies on traditional media. In layman's terms, information in the media doesn't make one hundred percent of the trust, the credibility of traditional media is cannot be replaced by new media, a lot of nasty, some major public opinion events, the public most want to see is still hear the authority of the traditional media news.

So in the cacophony of the online world, traditional media must use their own advantages, to build since the official media, dissemination of authoritative information, not grandstanding for the sake of publicity at the same time, in order to rob limitation and without verification.

To create a new media matrix, the official media must be promoted in a multi-platform way, with a positive voice, integrating authoritative mainstream voice with all kinds of emerging communication channels.

The most basic configuration is the "two micro end", which is the official WeChat, official weibo and mobile client. This is now almost standard for all traditional media. "Two micro end" in realizing the function of information release at the same time, more interactive and presents the way more diverse, it also can be achieved through the analysis of large data to customize and push function.

Outside the basic configuration, the traditional media should also actively promote its reporter, editor, name of the host to operate on new media platform, through the media platform to create related, such as weibo, micro letter is social media platforms, litchi, Himalayan is an audio platform, Chinese prickly ash, reflected the guest is live platform, the racquet, trill is video content sharing platform, multiple combination using these transmission platform, can be as much as possible in the middle of the multi-platform linkage to expand influence and propagation force. These media, related to personal than official "two micro end", will be more character display space, take the opportunity of subdivided the crowd is more, and more innovation, they can be around the official "two micro end", jointly build the traditional media, new media matrix, forming a powerful influence.

Building official media must be targeted. If the past do "instead of" mass communication, the Internet will do "small but beautiful" spread, through the Internet looking for niche crowd demand, for the spread of content, specific areas such as politics, sports, food, tourism, entertainment and other content, realize accurate delivery, which is beneficial to improve the user viscosity, grasp certain people. And a specific group of people, eventually can converge into a large audience group.

To build official self-media, we must have product awareness and IP awareness. Product or IP must have its distinctive style tags, on the basis of the content is king, is seeking to conform to the personalized expression of the audience to accept habit, only in this way can entirely new, leave a mark in the billions of Internet information. At the same time, we should be good at using our advantages to extend or interpret all kinds of hot events on the Internet, and operate our own IP image.

Building an official self-media is not one that can be accomplished by one person, and it requires coordination and coordination.

Must first have the right content providers, at this point, the traditional media have first-mover advantage, the accumulation of years make many journalists, editors, famous host, to fully arouse the enthusiasm of their investment into the construction of new media platforms. After getting used to the language and expression habits of new media, they are expected to gain a foothold in the media operation.

Second, must have a team, the formation of an IP is not fight alone, you can do, and a front and behind, there must be a team responsible for planning, packaging, IP operation, interaction and product development, and so on.

Finally, there is a need for innovation in institutional safeguards. How to break the barrier of resource integration, how to open the channel of talent use, how to design relevant incentive policies, how to provide the training and learning mechanism, are the problems that need to be solved.

To sum up, we can find that there is rationality in the emergence of the media, and they have grasped the transmission law and audience demand in the development environment of new media. From the point of view of traditional media, for the media should have a correct understanding, turbidity Yang qing, take its essence, our advantage, now is the time to should promote the journalists, editors, host to the new media platform to operate, and tries to build up the official media, occupy the main position of Internet propaganda.

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税法assignment写作分析

在商科专业中，选择经济学专业的留学生非常多。而在经济学的课程中，相关税法的课程是必学的。在这门课程中，留学生唯一的难点就是税法assignment了，大部分留学生都写不好税法assignment。下面就税法assignment的写作来给同学们分析一下。

1. Idea：论文里到底有没有值得写的东西？有没有真正的创新点和贡献点？——这方面的困难可能表现为：

不知道写什么题目；

Research question不够具体，只有一个朦胧的大想法

并不是真的有话要讲；

没想好这篇论文的真正“贡献”是什么；

不明白写一篇assignment的写作目的（除了交作业）；

对自己选的assignment题目不care；

......

2. Organization：文章的整体结构是否合理、符合学术规范、有逻辑、有连贯性？——这方面的困难可能表现为：

不清楚为什么要写文章中的某一部分（比如文献综述、研究假设、数据收集方法…）

不清楚文章各部分之间的内在逻辑关系是什么；

不清楚如何组织文章里部分与部分、段落与段落之间的关系才能做到有逻辑、有调条理；

不清楚应该先说什么、后说什么；

不清楚什么需要说、什么不需要说；

......

3. Mechanics：遣词造句、语法结构、书写规范、标点符号、段落格式、引用格式等是否符合规范？——这方面的困难可能表现在：

不知道怎样让一句话语法通畅、语义明确；

不知如何使用学术化语言和语气来写assignment；

在两个或多个词语之间犹豫不定；

在两个或多个句式之间犹豫不定

不确定如何使用正确的引用格式；

不知道如何表达才能更严谨、更符合文献中的用词规范；

......

以上就是关于税法assignment的写作分析，当然，完成一篇税法assignment的难点其实远不止这些，所以需要同学们努力去钻研。

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Paper代写：The Importance of Information Security Management

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The Importance of Information Security Management，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了信息安全管理的重要性。信息安全管理的政策应该在组织内部的不同部门实施，以确保政策的整体有效性。从人力资源部门的角度来看，推进信息安全管理政策是非常重要的。人力资本往往是企业的最大资源，员工的安全意识和员工的专业素质对企业尤为重要。除了人力资源，它对法律部门同样重要。对于组织来说，信息安全政策和法规应该是合理合法的。信息安全管理部门有必要与法律部门合作，沟通事件处理问题。

ABSTRACT

In the global integrated business environment, enterprises are becoming more and more dependence on the information devices and information systems. Information system in business and government organizations got really a wide range of applications. Based on the growing dependence on the information systems adding to the operation risk, benefits and opportunities of the business, the information security management becomes more and more critical to the enterprise management. Senior management needs to ensure that information technology is adaptable to enterprise strategy.

But in the real world, any system is a series of complex link. Security measures must be penetrated into all parts of the system, some of which even the system designers, implementers and users do not know. It is widely believed that information security is a problem that government and enterprises must jointly face because more and more cyber attack and network issues have happened in recent years. In addition, the government departments and enterprises in the awareness of the information system security benefits at the same time, they should protect themselves in order to avoid the inherent risk when using information systems.

This report will put attention on the importance of information security management by addressing the importance of several factors, including policy, risk analysis, disaster/incident response and business continuity planning.

1.0 Introduction

With the increasingly developed network technology and information technology, the cyber environment becomes more and more unsafe. In recent years, a large number of hackers enter into the personal computer to obtain the information from enterprises and selling the information to some illegal organization to obtain the interests. Currently, more and more enterprises are depending on the information technology and information systems to obtain the competitive advantage (Boyle & Panko 2014, p.2).The protection of the IT infrastructure and information systems is very important to achieve the information security management. Information security management refers to protecting the information assets through maintaining the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information, which is a series of activities and processes to guide information security management. Information security management includes the management of the information security risk, information security, facility safety and running security. This report will discuss the importance of information security management through analyzing the importance of these factors such as planning and policy, risk management and incident and disaster response within corporations.

2.0 Planning and Policy

2.1 The importance of compliance laws and regulations

According to the Boyle and Panko (2014, p.65), the compliance laws and regulations are the most important driving factors to ensure the security for enterprises. In particular, the enterprises’ information security management measures and documentations need to follow with the laws and regulations policy relative to the information security such as Sarbanes-oxley. Sarbanes-oxley act was founded in 2002 and the aim of the act is to eliminate corporate fraud and abuse (Zhang 2007, p.78). The act takes the security as the core and requires the corporate to own the appropriate internal control system to maintain the financial and auditing security because financial security is critical to the listed companies (Boyle & Panko 2004, p.65). The act pointed out that if there is no proper safety control function, the senior management can not actually sign the financial statements (Linck & Yang 2009). When managers follow with the act, it substantially practices the security management within organizations because it must have a detailed examination of its financial processes (Koehn & Del Vecchio 2004). Once checking the processes, some financial weaknesses and security issues may be exposed and corporate will be forced to enhance the security measures. Therefore, in compliance with laws and regulations is very important for organizations to implement the information security management.

2.2 The importance of information security management within organizations

The policy of information security management should be implemented in different departments within organizations so as to ensure the whole effectiveness of the policy. In view of the human resource department, it is very important to promote the information security management policy. Human capital is often the most resource for an organization, so the employees’ security awareness and professional quality of employees are especially important for enterprises (Williams 2011). According to the Compliance with ISO 17799, the human resource security is prior to employment. This means that security training should be carried out before employment so as to reduce the risk of information theft and misuse of devices, such as job responsibility description and facilities operation manual (Boyle & Panko 2014, p.75). In addition to the human resource, it is equally important to the legal department. For organizations, information security policy and regulations should be reasonable and legal. It is necessary for the information security management department to cooperate with the legal department to communicate the incident address issues (Boyle & Panko 2014, p.75). For auditing departments, it is also especially important to communicate with the security management departments because auditors need to check the organizational units and financial processes so as to achieve the effectiveness and enough control of the organization.

2.3 The importance of risk analysis

In terms of the information security management, the most important management focuses on the risk control. For organizations, there are many risks they need to take into consideration such as political risk, economic risk, internal risk, business operation risk and so on (Kasperson 1988). The risk analysis of information security means the comparison of the possible losses with the potential costs resulted from the information security management and risk control (Boyle & Panko 2014, p.81). This indicates that it will be not meaningful to spend several million dollars to protect a worthy of &5,000 computers. Therefore, risk analysis is quite important because enterprises need to balance the benefits and costs when implementing the information security protection. Although most of enterprises have had some professional experts to deal with the risk, not all risks can be completely avoided and eliminated (Boyle & Panko 2014, p.81). For example, the IT experts within organizations are responsible to eliminate the network hackers’ attacking risk and protect the information security. However, enterprises also face other risks such as business operation failure, policy risk and so on. These risks are difficult to predict and eliminate for enterprises’ managers. Therefore, the goal of the organizations is to manage the risk and make the risk reasonable. The reasonable risk means that enterprises can not absolutely guarantee the information’s availability, security and confidentiality because of the existence of the robbery (Boyle & Panko 2014, p.81). At the same time, no society and organizations can completely eliminate these robberies. Therefore, organization should attach more importance to the reasonable risk when carrying out the risk analysis. In addition, too much protection and security also means lower efficiency and business operation within organizations. An obvious example is that when employees set a long and complex password to enter its computer and open the important documents, the time cost will be spent and work efficiency is obviously lower. At the same time, employees’ mind and feeling will be affected and unpleasant feelings will be produced. Last but not least, security protection also spends huge costs for enterprises because purchasing securer devices and systems may be more expensive and the labors to operate these devices are also not cheap (Boyle & Panko 2014, p.82). In view of these factors, the goal of the risk analysis is to make the reasonable risk.

3.0 The Importance of Incident and disaster response

3.1 Importance of business continuity planning

Business continuity planning is defined to be a series of business measures and operation processes that can be used to help the organization make a rapid response to some incidents and disasters (Von Solms 2014). The business continuity is defined as the ability of companies to maintain its daily business operation normally and the business operation is not irrupted when facing the risk and incidents (Tipton & Nozaki 2012). Providing business continuity for important enterprise applications and processes should include the following three aspects. First of all, the high availability should be met for the business continuity planning. High availability refers to the ability to continue accessing the application in case of a local failure whether it is a business process, physical facility or IT hardware and software failure (Tipton & Nozaki 2012). Second, continuous operation characteristic is important part of business continuity planning, which is defined that organization has the ability to keep its business operated continuously when all devices are not failing (Von Solms 2014). Users do not need to stop using just because of normal backup or maintenance. Third, business continuity planning should include the disaster recovery, which means the ability to recover data at different sites and locations when disaster destroys production centers such as fire disaster.

After setting up the business continuity plan, the specific plan should not be put aside. In order to make sure the plan is realistic, managers need to turn it into an active document. If the enterprise’s business model has changed, or the business process has redesigned, the old plans will need to be updated in a timely manner. When there is a change, every employee should ask how the change will affect the part of the business continuity plan.

The current society’s dependence on the network is increasingly deepening. The traditional backup recovery type safety plan has been unable to guarantee the continuous operation of the enterprise business. Business continuity planning is born because of this and it is based on business processes rather than the technology for making, which is conducive to building more abilities of security management system as a whole. According to Saint-Germain (2005), if the large data centers and information infrastructure of the enterprise stop running more than 10 days, then more than thirty percent of the companies within a quarter collapse and close to 90 percent of the businesses will fail within a year. According to the TRAVELERS (2016), the natural disasters are becoming more and more common and the recovery cost is increasingly higher. The Travelers study result shows that 90 percent of 10 world natural disasters had happened in US in 2012 and the losses reached almost $80 billion and the insured losses from natural disasters in 2014 arrived at $100 billion. Another positive example is Walmart’s business continuity planning. Walmart has been committed to establishing the disaster response departments to ensure its business’s continuity when disaster occurs. When the Hurricane Katriba disaster happened in 2005, Walmart successfully ensured its business operation continuously by the perfect business continuity planning, which makes its losses minimized during the disasters period (Boyle & Panko 2014). So it is necessary for corporations spend a lot of money in business continuity planning to ensure business continuity.

3.2 Importance of detection, analysis and escalation according to plan

The timely and effective detection of the incident and disasters is very important to the organization. Without the detection of the potential incidents and disasters, enterprises will lose the objective to make the targeted and detailed business continuity plan. In general, different incidents and disasters require different emergency treatment and means to rapidly recover the business operation. For example, the small incidents may require fewer resources including the financial resources and labor resources and involve less departments and personnel compared to the disaster. This means that the resources required on business continuity plan can be distributed fewer than the natural disasters.

In order to create an effective and realistic business continuity plan, the analysis of the business process is very important. An organization’s continuous and integrate operation is not separate from the major processes such as productions and sales processes as well as marketing and accounting processes (Boyle & Panko 2014). For the organization, it is necessary for the managers to first identify the most important departments and business processes. At the same time, the relationships between different business operations processes should be well understood by employees. Once the incident and disaster occurs, the organization should make a rapid response to the business processes and ensure quick recovery according to the business continuity plan. In addition to the identification of the key business departments and business processes, enterprises need to analyze and evaluate its resources abilities to distribute to each process. In view of the limited resources scale for an organization, it is necessary for organizations to distribute the key resources to the important business processes to ensure the rapid recovery from the disasters. Last but not least, precise actions and sequences based on the business continuity plan should be achieved. The successful implementation of the plan mainly depends on the detailed action steps and action sequences (Boyle & Panko 2014). For example, Walmart made detailed actions steps in the Hurricane disaster such as the getting cleanup supplies distributing personnel to individual stores to ensure the security. Based on the ordered action to deal with the natural disasters, Walmart ensured its business continuity operation during the disaster period. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the specified actions and sequences when addressing the incidents and disasters.

In addition to the analysis of the business processes, enterprises also should continuously test and update the business continuity plan. First of all, the test of the plan is important. Without the effective test for the plan, the business continuity plan is very likely to be inefficient when facing the natural disasters. The test can be implemented through communicating with various departments and learning the lessons from other external businesses. In fact, the test may be more difficult for the natural disaster than the incidents because natural disasters have larger impact on the organization. Enterprises’ managers also need to continuously update and escalate its business continuity plan. This is because of that business environment and structure may change frequently (Boyle & Panko 2014). When the new business activities and projects are produced within organizations or new business departments are set up, the managers need to determine whether the new business continuity should be listed in the plans or not. If the new businesses are critical to the overall business and organizations, managers should update its business continuity plan to add the new businesses addresses.

4.0 Conclusion

In conclusion, this report discusses the importance of information security management through addressing the importance of the compliance laws and regulations and incident and disaster response. Compliance laws and regulations require which security must be responded for corporate. Sarbanes-Oxley act requires that organization must examine its financial reporting processes to clear the weaknesses so as to adopt the security measures. There are close relationships for security management departments to cooperate with other departments such as auditing department, human resource department and legal departments. For organizations, risk analysis is also important. It is impossible to eliminate all risks. The goal of the organization is to make reasonable risk. In terms of the incident and disaster respond, it is equally important for organizations. Rapid respond system to incident and disaster can ensure the business continuity. Therefore, the business continuity planning is very important. According to the plan, the organization should timely detect, analyze and update the plans to ensure the business continuity plans not out of date.

References

Boyle, R. J., & Panko, R. R. (2014). Corporate computer security. Prentice Hall Press.

Koehn, J. L., & Del Vecchio, S. C. (2004). Ripple Effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The CPA Journal, 74(2), 36.

Kasperson, R. E. (1988). The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework.Risk analysis, 8(2), 177-187.

Linck, J. S. & Yang, T. (2009). The effects and unintended consequences of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the supply and demand for directors. Review of Financial Studies, 22(8), 3287-3328.

Saint-Germain, R. (2005). Information security management best practice based on ISO/IEC 17799. Information Management, 39(4), 60.

Tipton, H. F., & Nozaki, M. K. (2012). Information Security Management Handbook, Volume 6. Auerbach Publications.

Von Solms, B., & Von Solms, R. (2014). The 10 deadly sins of information security management. Computers & Security, 23(5), 371-376.

Williams, P. (2011). Information security governance. Information security technical report, 6(3), 60-70.

Zhang, I. X. (2007). Economic consequences of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 44(1), 74-115.

Travelers 2016, Why is Business Continuity Important?, viewed on June 14, 2017, .

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Paper代写：The Franco-Russian Alliance

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The Franco-Russian Alliance，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了法俄同盟。1882年，德国、奥匈帝国和意大利签署了三国同盟，导致欧洲国家之间的关系越来越紧张。基于三国同盟的威胁，法国和俄国成为了秘密军事同盟。欧洲两大军事集团开始对峙的标志，并促成了20世纪初协约国的出现，导致了第一次世界大战的爆发。尽管法俄联盟没有持续太久，但它成为欧洲两极分化和暂时稳定的一个重要因素。

After the industrial revolution, Germany’s industrial growth was increasing fast, and it was dissatisfied with the traditional power. Germany determined to become a superpower by crippling France and Russia in what it hoped would be a brief and decisive war, like the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. In 1882, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy signed a Triple Alliance. The tensions between the European countries had never been higher. The enemy of an enemy is a friend. Thus, a Franco-Russian alliance was formed. The World War was imminent. The motivations of such an alliance are the rise and threat of Germany, the security of France, as well as the strategic and financial benefits for Russia. Although the Franco-Russian alliance did not last long, it has made a significant impact as a factor of polarization and temporary stabilization in Europe over two decades.

The rise of the German Empire is the process of iron and blood. However, the process of unification should not be simplified as the process of war, as there were multiple factors that determined it. The forces in the early 19th century that hindered the unification was not only from the feudal lords, but also the foreign powers that did not want the emergence of a powerful Germany (Craig, 173). These countries include France, Denmark, Australia and Russia. Therefore, Bismarck realized that only by taking advantage of the conflicts between European powers could Germany stand a chance to rise. Such a strategy was successful with the initial support of Britain in fear of France. Germany then broke the predicament into smaller problems, defeating Denmark, Australia and France one by one. These victories had effectively silenced the voices of opposition domestically, creating promising potentials for further development. the victories of Germany were then consolidated with economic reforms. A unified system was established within the country, enabling different territorial states to collaborate and benefit from each other economically. The economic alliance in Germany started to make commercial agreements with Netherlands, Greece, Turkey, Britain and Belgium, and was soon recognized regionally. These efforts have both promoted unification and raised the international status of Germany as an emerging power.

By the end of the 19th century, the economic, military and technology power of Germany had become the top of Europe and number two in the world. The traditional European powers, such as French and Britain, was then left behind by Germany (Kennan, 39). However, the political status of Germany was not equally developed as its economic and military aspects. Due to its geographic location, Germany was surrounded by France, Britain and Russia. There was little perspective in colonization, either, as Germany was a relative late starter. Therefore, Germany was anxious in establishing a new political order in Europe and be able to challenge France and Britain. Meanwhile, Austria-Hungary and Italy were having conflicting with Russia and France respectively. Therefore, little persuasion was needed for the two threatened countries to join the Triple Alliance. The singing of the agreement in 1882 symbolizes the final formation of it (Langer, 96). In order to respond to this dramatic disturbance to the regional political and military balance, Franco-Russian Alliance was formed between 1892 and 1917. Although Russia did not like France much in history, its relationship with Germany was going much worse. Germany had become the common enemy of the two countries. With the further expansion of German powers due to the Triple Alliance, the formation of Franco-Russian Alliance was more than necessary.

One of the major motivations for Russia to join the alliance was the need for foreign financial aids. Russia was once seeking help from Germany due to the domestic famine. However, the request was turned down by Wilhelm II. Feeling both insulted and financially embarrassed, Russia was in desperate need of help with its economic situation (Langer, 86). However, this financial dependence in the Franco-Russian Alliance had diminished the status of Russia from an equal of France to a more subordinate role. With the increasing failures of getting loans from the capital market in both Berlin and London, Russia turned to Paris as its final resort. However, financial aid often came with obligations, as French officials clearly specified the priority of political agreement over finances (Spring, 568). In a negotiation for a loan from France, the French demanded the construction of a railway that benefited it strategically, which the Russian side was in no position to refuse. Another loan from France in 1904 came with the promise of Russians to choose French factories for military and naval orders. In addition, specifications were made on where the loans would be spent on, usually projects that hold strategic value for France. Despite all the unpleasant obstacles, Russians did get solid help from France, which became the premise of the alliance formation.

As a force of such both size and strength, Russia was aware from the beginning that it would be dragged into an armed conflict. The rise of Germany was simply too influential to ignore, and a war between Russia and Germany was more likely than even due to the ambition of the latter (Spring, 567). As a result, acceptance of the financial aid from France was not only driven by need, but also a strategic move on the Russian side. Over one billion of rubles flew into Russia from 1892 to 1903, greatly alleviating the debt pressure and prompting the industrialization of the country (Spring, 570). By the 1880s, Russia was still a typical agricultural country despite the completion of the industrial revolution in the country. Realizing the importance of economic growth to the political and military powers for a country, the investment from France became the biggest opportunity for Russia. Foreign capital, from France primarily, was being used in the metallurgical, engineering, coal, oil and other heavy industries. Looking at the benefits that Russia was getting from the alliance, it is natural to find out what France was getting from it. Most of the benefits obtained by France was in terms of military relations (Spring, 576). From the very beginning, the Russians were feeling the “suffocating influence” from the alliance with France. Although France had been generous in helping Russia to build an army and supplying it with weapons, the military convention of Russia had been completely changed by French initiatives. Germany was to be regarded as the main enemy of the alliance, and an offensive nature of animosity was established against it. Backed by the financial aids, French was the alliance member that made constant requests, while Russia was doing its best to fulfill them. Through the Franco-Russia alliance, the force of Triple Alliance in Europe was successfully balanced, which led to temporary re-stabilization in Europe.

In response to the Franco-Russia Alliance, Germany felt threatened immediately as the two powers on its east and west side joined forces against it. The tension in Europe was approaching to a limit. The Schlieffen Plan is considered the representation of the German Anxiety. It is a plan of combat that aimed to defeat both French and Russian forces in the wars to come. After a deep analysis of the French and Russian forces, the military chief of staff of Germany, Schlieffen, came up with the idea of the plan. France remained the strongest enemy of Germany, even with the defeat in the Prussian-France wars (O’Neil, 29). On the contrary, Russia was lagging behind in military strategy even with over six million troops. Moreover, the vastness of Russia and lack of developed railway networks limited its ability to assemble a force quickly in response to offense. Therefore, Schlieffen came up with an idea taking advantage of the speed of German troops: by taking an initiative in defeating France in the western front, and turning east quickly to have a concentrated force against the Russians.

Schlieffen estimated that it needed more than six weeks for the Russian army to be assembled, giving Germany the adequate gap of time. In the basic arrangement of the Schlieffen Plan, the proportion of western and eastern fronts forces is about 8:1. The west wing on the western front is where the most elite German forces were allocated, which was the key to winning the wars for it (Zuber, 172). Although the plan sounded executable, Schlieffen had failed to consider the factors in reality: it is impossible for the German troops to stay in their best condition after the long ranges of traveling. Overlooking the British forces is another fatal mistake of the Schlieffen plan, as British intervention should almost definitely be expected once Germany made the first move. After the outbreak of WWI, the Franco-Russia Alliance was still acting its part against Germany, until the revolution in Russia started in 1917 and the Czar government was overthrown. This marks the termination of the short-lived Franco-Russia Alliance.

In conclusion, rise of Germany, security considerations from France, and the strategic and financial needs of Russia have been the major contributors to the Franco-Russian alliance. The rapid rise of Germany in the late 19th century is the result of the wake of the German nationalism. Through smart diplomacy and development in military strength, Germany quickly emerged as a regional power. However, its ambitions to extend such powers resulted in the concerns of its neighbors. The Franco-Russia Alliance was thus established in response to the threat. Through this alliance, Russia not only avoided immediate and direct conflict with Germany, but also gained essential amounts of financial support from France. In exchange for the benefits, Russia had to put up with the interference of France, as all the money came with demanding terms. Although the alliance was only sustained by the financial support of France for Russia and Russia’s relative “obedience” in letting France determine the political and military convention of the alliance, it created a balance in the European nations and a short period of stability. Although the Franco-Russia Alliance is short-lived itself, it has acted as a crucial force that increased the antagonism of Germany, which may have indirectly contributed to WWI.

Bibliography:

Primary source:

Langer, William Leonard. The Franco-Russian Alliance. II. The Conclusion of the Military Convention. London, 1925.

Secondary source:

Craig, Gordon A., and American Council of Learned Societies. Germany, 1866-1945. Clarendon Press, Oxford;New York;, 1999.

Kennan, George, F. The fateful Alliance: France, Russia, and the Coming of the First World War. New York, 1984.

O’Neil, William D. The Plan that Broke the World: The "Schlieffen Plan" and World War I. Nebraska: William D. O’Neil, 2014.

Spring, D. W. "Russia and the Franco-Russian Alliance, 1905-14: Dependence or Interdependence?" The Slavonic and East European Review, vol. 66, no. 4, 1988, pp. 564-592.

Zuber, Terence. Inventing the Schlieffen Plan: German War Planning, 1871-1914. Oxford University Press, Oxford;New York;, 2002.

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Essay代写：Public opinion guide

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Public opinion guide，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了舆论引导。如今，网络言论的开放随意和各种不良思潮的传播，使我们的主流意识形态面临着严峻挑战。新时代如何做好舆论引导工作，成为新闻工作者必须深入思考的课题。很多人认为当前最重要的是强化政治意识，坚定理想信念，坚持发展创新，使我们的主流媒体发出时代的强音。而坚持弘扬时代主旋律、大力传播社会正能量和媒体融合创新，就是实现以上要求的三个重要环节。

The main melody is meant to be the main tune of a piece of music. In ideology, the main melody reflects the basic view of a period, the main spirit of an era, and the fundamental belief of a political party. If the media lacks mainstream consciousness, it cannot lead the public to establish a firm position and belief. If we do not carry forward the main melody, we will make a country missing the main tune, which is bound to lead to a lack of people and social imbalance.

The special status of mainstream media is given by the party and government. However, it is difficult to accomplish the guiding task by this right, which involves the understanding of the essential meaning of "mouthpiece". The "mouthpiece" is a propaganda organ or a person who makes a speech, which means the spokesman. The explanation is that the mainstream media can only communicate the spirit of the party and government by playing the role of the "mouthpiece", and firmly believe in the public, and turn the public opinion into the kinetic energy of the public's conscious action.

The function of "mouthpiece" depends on communication. Marx pointed out: "the thought of ruling class is the dominant ideology in every era. "Visible, the mainstream media political consciousness, make the party and the government advocated by the mainstream consciousness of its dominant position, become the guide of the masses of the people, can truly become the party and the government" mouthpiece ". Therefore, the "mouthpiece" function of our media is realized by promoting the main melody.

The mainstream media insists on the correct opinion orientation and insists on carrying forward the main melody, and our cause will be successful, otherwise, it will be blocked. The two historical events of the Chinese truth standard and the collapse of the Soviet union are good examples.

These two events are worth our media to ponder: in 1977, the mainstream media to launch "practice is the sole criterion for testing truth", at the national level led to a debate on the criterion for judging truth successfully unified the thoughts of the party and the people of the whole country, for the implementation of reform and opening up to remove obstacles. The other was the collapse of the Soviet union. During the gorbachev period, the mass media seceded from the party principle and instilled in people the western culture and values, rejecting the traditional culture of the country. In fact, this is the complete loss of the party's "mouthpiece" function, the disintegration of the public opinion ultimately caused the great power tragedy.

It can be seen that media public opinion guidance is a powerful ideological weapon that promotes history and changes history. The "political energy" of public opinion, so that we must firmly "party management media" at any time, raise the banner of the main melody. The lesson of history tells us that from singing the spring story to telling the good Chinese story, it is the calling of the main melody that keeps the people constantly creating miracles of great power.

The people and things of light, justice, beauty and progress have a call, inspiration and demonstration effect. The media promotes this, so that the public can feel what behavior is the standard of behavior advocated by the society, which is to spread positive energy. If the main melody is the main melody, then the transmission of positive energy is around the main tune.

Positive energy is a spiritual force of the mind, and this spiritual power is achieved through the wide spread of speech in the whole society. As we model the spirit of lei feng and serve the people whole-heartedly, root country 36 years is the most beautiful teacher in English, with a selfless humanity beauty inspires people, it has close ties with the media publicity. These role models do extraordinary things in ordinary positions, and if we don't sing, how can we be a household name for the advanced characters who are dedicated to them? On the other hand, to spread their songs and sobs to the public, and this kind of acura, will become the spirit of people's enterprising spirit.

Of course, moderate criticism is also about spreading positive energy. In recent years such as social phenomenon similar to help the old man was correct, our mainstream media is given priority to with channel to carry out public criticism, "the old man should fall upon the" "the old man gone bad or bad person getting old" moral opinion such as the confrontation eventually get argue is bright, the 2014 CCTV Spring Festival gala sketch in "help not helps" "hearts down, can not help," the words become social hot word, form of justice. Many bad phenomena, without the suppression and guidance of correct public opinion, will bring about the breeding of unhealthy tendencies. On the other hand, it helps to dispel the evil and turn the criticism into positive energy, and the bad phenomena are suppressed. Our criticism is based on objectivity, with the best positive publicity effect as a guideline for positive guidance.

The positive publicity basically follows the party's basic policy of journalism. To inspire the public to love the party, patriotism and the people with the right public opinion. At the same time, by means of public criticism, advocates fairness and justice, set up time and make the society has the vigor and vitality, is conducive to the implementation of the party and the government's decision to get better, is advantageous to the national revitalization coagulation hearts meet force.

The value of media communication is moving. Recently, hunan satellite TV news feature "absolute loyalty", the report quietly adheres to the most difficult place in the motherland, dedicated to the research career of 11 Chinese scientists. The reporter breaks the traditional way, does not take the microphone to interview the statement, only tracks and hides the shooting, also only records what they are doing, how to do. After the program was broadcast, it aroused strong resonance among the audience. The interactive community read more than 100 million times, and the page was viewed more than 20 million times. Many viewers have said that the news can be so beautiful and emotional. This kind of record "does" the behavior process, the real feeling of the scene is obviously more easily to touch the soul, the sentiment. The TV news feature "absolute loyalty" is a valuable exploration.

"To do" is essentially to implement the party's mass line. Only deep living, feeling the objective reality, the truth of life, can excavate, and the original value of "do" the real process. Go deep among the masses, therefore, is not only the advanced mining typical news source, is also an effective method to express the objective truth maintenance events, but also to shape a thinking, temperature, and also an important way of excellent works.

Every undertaking is inseparable from the ideal belief and professional spirit. Yuan longping studied hybrid rice to keep people away from hunger. We often call this spirit a sense of responsibility and a common ideal as a mission.

The responsibility of our journalists is to fulfill their duties faithfully and continuously improve their propaganda level. Mission sense lets us aim high, pursue career excellence, and strive for the realization of the party's mission. The value and significance of the survival and development of the news media make this sense of responsibility and mission become the foundation of the news enterprise, which gives us the power to pursue the ideal.

Xi jinping, general secretary of the proposed "banner, leading the guidance, around the center, the service general situation, the unity of the people, morale, as weathering, coagulation hearts meet force, clarify fallacies, distinguish between right and wrong, connecting Chinese and foreign, communicate the world", with 48 word brilliantly summarized the new era party's news public opinion work duties, journalists put forward higher request to us.

At present, the development of Internet has entered the age of intelligence from the media era, and the emerging media is constantly emerging. Among them, domestic website conversion rate is high "today's headline", only in a few years has developed to have 600 million users, advertising revenue over 10 billion platform. In contrast, some of our media convergence is highlighted by the lack of overall breakthrough, and the marginalization trend is obvious. Therefore, we can solve the problem of fusion by absorbing the advanced ideas of the new media.

The communication force determines the influence, and the right of speech decides the initiative. The author thinks that media convergence should pay attention to the application of new technology. The social role of new media technologies is reflected in the high propagation efficiency. The success of some new media follows the principle of satisfying the needs of the audience. If you use smart technology, collect the content of each person's click to calculate the demand habit. Reaching the headlines in each user's hands is a matter of tailoring. The author's research of the anhui radio and television APP "da ears", is a sound element, let the user hear what they like. Shortly after its launch, the client has nearly 600,000 users and has attracted the attention of the industry. It has been awarded the "brand media organization of the four places on both sides of the Taiwan straits in 2016-2017". Therefore, media convergence and innovation should also be based on content, and develop new media products to meet individual needs by improving "supply side" thinking.

Behind the success lies the wisdom of man. Such as in the way of the new media of tencent company, every time meet the bottleneck, a team will fight to change the pattern of the entire company, good mechanism of choose and employ persons make tencent, the current market value has broken 4 trillion. It can be seen that talent is the key to winning media convergence. Xi jinping has pointed out that to solve the problem of "ability to panic", he has become an expert in the use of modern media and new methods. The efficient communication mechanism of media convergence is built and innovated by real experts, which can change the pattern of media convergence by relying on talents.

The guiding ability of public opinion in the mainstream media is always in the leading position, which is the political requirement of the party's propaganda work, and it is actually the concrete embodiment of the journalist's politics. Finish the task, to understand in the thoughts of integration innovation, business people-oriented, implement the strategy of talent new planning, stimulate workers sense of responsibility and mission, media management, establishment and management of the information form and content, media platform and technology such as full synchronization. Integrating with innovative media mechanism, with efficient communication platform, we can better carry forward the theme, positive energy, to guide the public coagulation hearts meet force, struggling for the realization of new era grand goal.

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