Reading week该如何计划

可能对于很多留学生而言，reading week可能是一个休闲娱乐的假期，但reading week之后，也是有assignment要交的，所以同学们还是不能掉以轻心，最起码也要在reading week期间花一半的时间去充充电。下面就给大家一点建议，让大家知道在reading week期间应该做些什么。

Reading week计划分享

1.阅读！

Reading week目的就是让同学们阅读！有些教授或许会布置一些阅读书目或资料，但是即使教授没布置，可之后还有考试和作业两座大山，所以也不能完全放飞自我哦。

此外，光阅读也会比较容易忘记读过的内容。建议阅读的同时有章法地做一些笔记，当然啦我们的读者都是久经考验的学霸，这一点一定没有问题的啦。

2.合理制定时间表

Reading week也需要留学生回顾和调整学习计划。离开学已经过了几周，你已经对自己这学期的学习任务和校外生活有了更清晰的了解，那么不妨趁reading week的空闲时间来制定或调整一下自己的目标和计划时间表吧。

当然计划赶不上变化，制定好的时间表很多情况下也并不能完全按照剧本上演。不过呢，有一个计划和大致的时间安排能帮你更合理地分配时间、规划生活哦。

3.提前计划essay进度

开学后你应该就知道了本学期所有要交的论文的截止日期。作为读书期间的一大重点任务，按时交essay可不能马虎，那么，利用reading week来好好安排一下本学期接下来的几周里跟essay有关的进度吧。比如：

第7周

- Preliminary research for essay 1

- Write up results for essay 2

第8周

- Write literature review for essay 1

- Write analysis for essay 2

第9周

- Start planning dissertation proposal

- Write conclusion of essay 2

- Write analysis for essay 1

把这些安排贴在墙上，便于及时自我检查，掌握进度。

4.温故知新

之前可能因为各种原因，比如忙于课程或者实习，根本没有时间好好整理已经学过的内容和笔记。现在有了reading week，这也是个温故知新的好时机哦。准备一些新文具，翻翻专业课的讲义和笔记，说不定dissertation的主题灵感就来啦！

以上就是关于reading week的建议，如果老师有布置阅读书目和作业，那么大家就要下点功夫了。

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Paper代写：Construction of corporate culture

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Construction of corporate culture，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了企业文化的建设。企业文化是一种企业长期培植，员工共同创造形成的企业独有的特质和风格。优秀的企业文化，可以向社会公众展示企业成功的精神风貌、价值观念、管理风格和良好的经营状况。企业文化决定企业的形象，实施科学的企业形象管理，需要企业文化的支持。另外，企业文化的建设，有助于增强企业凝聚力和树立良好的企业形象。

Corporate culture is a kind of spiritual wealth and material form with its own characteristics gradually formed and developed in the long-term production, operation and management activities of enterprises. It includes value concept, enterprise spirit, cultural concept, moral code, code of conduct, historical tradition, enterprise system, cultural environment and so on.

Corporate culture has a strong cohesion and appeal. It can weld all aspects and all levels of people around the enterprise culture, to create a cohesive force, let them doing a good job at the same time, still can feel the change to the effects of them on the spirit, the pursuit of the individual and corporate pursuit tightly linked together, make every employee have the strong sense of belonging, sense of honor.

The enterprise spirit and the enterprise image have the extremely encouraging function to the enterprise worker. In the people-oriented enterprise culture atmosphere, the leaders and the workers, the workers and the workers care about each other, support each other, especially the leaders care about the workers, the workers will feel respected, will naturally inspire the spirit of hard work. With the success of corporate culture construction, the staff union will have a strong sense of honor and pride, and they will redouble their efforts to protect the honor and image of the enterprise with their own practical actions.

Corporate culture also has constraint function. The rules and regulations and responsibility system of an enterprise directly require employees to do and forbid them to do, which is a kind of hard constraint. On the other hand, the soft constraint formed by enterprise ethics, professional ethics, public opinion and interpersonal relationship can make up for the deficiency of rules and regulations. It often enlightens people's mind and improves their realm, and more directly reflects the connotation of the constraint function of enterprise culture.

Corporate culture has a guiding function. The guiding function of corporate culture is mainly reflected in the guidance of business philosophy and values. Business philosophy determines the way of thinking and the way of dealing with problems in business operation, and guides employees to engage in production and operation activities in a scientific way. The common values of enterprises define the value orientation of enterprises, which enables employees to reach a consensus on the evaluation of things and share a common value goal. The leaders and employees of enterprises act according to the value goal they have identified.

Corporate culture has radiation function. Enterprise culture through every contact with the outside world, is to show the public outside the enterprise's management style, operating state, spiritual outlook, constantly to the enterprise outside the enterprise play a radiation function. On the one hand for the enterprise to shape a good overall image, establish credibility, expand influence. On the other hand to the business community and the entire social and political progress, economic development, cultural exchanges, civilization building, reform and opening up and many other aspects of the impact and impetus.

Strengthening the construction of corporate culture is conducive to enhancing the cohesion of enterprises. Sense of belonging and honor are the core elements of enterprise cohesion. The sense of being needed and respected by the enterprise will constantly stimulate the innovation consciousness of employees. When the enterprise has operational difficulties, employees with a sense of belonging will be more able to stick with it and tide over difficulties together. Once employees have a "sense of belonging" to the enterprise, there will be a huge centripetal force and cohesion, sharing weal and woe with the enterprise. If employees do not trust the enterprise and lack a sense of belonging to the team, their enthusiasm and strength for work will not be fully aroused. They will only work for the sake of "work" and only "finish" rather than "complete" the work.

Strengthening the construction of corporate culture is conducive to establishing a good corporate image. Corporate image is the overall impression and evaluation of people on the enterprise. A good corporate image is an intangible asset of the enterprise. Enterprise culture is a kind of enterprise long-term cultivation, employees jointly create the formation of the enterprise's unique characteristics and style. An excellent corporate culture can show the public the spirit, values, management style and good operating conditions of a successful enterprise. Corporate culture determines the corporate image, and the implementation of scientific corporate image management needs the support of corporate culture.

Enterprise culture construction must adhere to the people-oriented as the core content. The essence of corporate culture is "people's culture". People are the most active factor in the productive forces, the foundation of enterprises and the main body of enterprises. To retain talent, use the talent, the talent of human resource, care and trust must be respected, makes every effort to do it, owning people do its use, based on the effective incentives to give full play to human's subjective initiative, enthusiasm and creativity, excavate the potential of people to the greatest extent, to better achieve personal target and organizational target, make the enterprise full of vitality and vigor and hope.

Enterprise culture construction must give full play to the key role of the leader. Business leaders on the formation and development of enterprise culture has an irreplaceable demonstration effect, leaders should always control the development direction of enterprise culture, timely discover and correct the problems existing in the culture construction, guarantee the formation and healthy development of the concept of the mainstream culture, to physically, precept to employees, and in the concept of corporate culture, management philosophy and style of work as an example, on the enterprise internal form a kind of culture, a kind of cohesion, the pursuit of the worker and the enterprise tightly together, so that each worker produce a sense of belonging and sense of honor, faster and better achieve the business indicators of the enterprise.

Enterprise culture construction must play the basic role of employees. To wholeheartedly rely on the staff in the construction of enterprise culture, improve employees' political quality and professional skills, attention to mobilize employees' creative spirit, make every employee has the right to participate in decision-making, management, and business operation activities of the enterprise, make the employees to realize their importance in the enterprise, can help the enterprise goals into the staff's direction and conscious behavior orientation, make employees create a sense of belonging and a sense of pride, on own initiative and enterprise, the advocacy.

The construction of enterprise culture must keep pace with The Times and take innovation as motive force. Enterprise culture is always developing with the development of enterprise and social culture. With the adjustment of enterprise business, the change of competitive strategy and the change of external market environment, it is necessary to actively seek change and make bold innovation. On the one hand, the management should be a strong promoter and forerunner of innovation, have the courage to explore and practice, and respect the innovation spirit of the majority of employees.

In a word, enterprise culture is a kind of invisible productivity. To strengthen the construction of enterprise culture is not only the need of building advanced socialist culture, but also the need of enterprise development. As long as each of our enterprises can combine their own reality and characteristics, actively explore, bold practice, the construction of excellent corporate culture as a major business development to grasp, will certainly promote the long-term, efficient, rapid and comprehensive development of enterprises.

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essay写作常用的连接词

想必留学生在写作essay的时候，有时会感觉有点别扭，读起来不太通顺，其实这都是大家没用连接词的原因。一篇流畅的essay少不了连接词的使用，但同学们在使用连接词的时候，一定要注意使用方法，不然的话只能起到反作用。那么essay写作常用的连接词有哪些呢？下面就给大家分享一下。

Essay写作基本陈述及解释

1. In order to

使用：“in order to”可以被用来介绍一个解释用作辩论的一部分

例如：In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.

2. In other words

使用：“in other words”当你想要以不同的方式（通常更简单的话语）来表达和解释某个概念和东西时，使用这个“换句话说”，使其更容易理解，或强调或扩展某一个观点。

例如：Toads are amphibians. In other words, they live on the land and in the water.

3. That is to say

使用：当你需要添加细节来补充你的解释，或者希望更精准时，可以使用“that is to say”。

例如：Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.

添加补充信息来支持你的essay论点

1. Moreover

使用：在句子的开头使用，来添加额外信息以支持你正在表述的观点。

例如：Moreover, there is a recent research that provides data regarding the…

近义词：Furthermore, what’s more

2. Similarly

使用：用于某个观点或事情与你目前的观点一致或非常接近

例如：Scholar A believes X. Similarly, scholar B argues and provides evidence in favor, of this point of view.

近义词：Likewise

3. As well as

使用：可以常与文章中的“and”和“also”交换使用，使得用词更丰富

4. Firstly, secondly, thirdly…

使用：在一段较长，需要结构来一一表述观点时，使用这些词汇来提供共同证明同一观点的证据。

5. Coupled with

使用：在使用和考虑超过一个论证的时候使用

例如：Coupled with the qualitative evidence from interviews, quantitative data from questionnaire shows that…

6. Not to mention

使用：“更不用提”这一用法，通常用来进一步添加同一论点下的信息。

例如：The war caused suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on the economy.

近义词：To say nothing of

7. Not only…but also

使用：“不仅…如此…”通常用于添加额外信息，通常后者要比前者更佳令人惊讶或者意外。

例如：Not only did A have the honour of being in the project X, but she was also appointed as the leader.

8. Another key thing/fact/point to remember

使用：用来介绍更多的事实，避免重复单一使用“also”

对比类essay写作常用词汇

1. However

使用：使用“however”来介绍一个不同意你之前所陈述的新观点

例如：Scholar A thinks this. However, scholar B reaches a different conclusion.

近义词：On the other hand, but, having said that，需要注意的是，这些词都是引入对同一论证的对比解释。

2. By contrast/ in comparison

使用：当你需要对比和比较不同论据的时候

用法与however近似，通常在句首出现。

添加附带条件或者表达观点的局限性

1. Despite this

使用：使用“尽管如此”当你想要勾勒出一个证据虽然略显不足，但依然重要能站住脚的观点时。

例如：The sample of this study was relatively small, but the results were important despite this.

近义词：In spite of this/ nonetheless/Nevertheless

2. In light of

使用：用于某些之间的论据或者研究已经为你在讨论的话题提供了一定依据

例如：In light of the evidence from Scholar A’s study, we have a better understanding of…

近义词：In view of

以上就是关于essay写作的连接词使用，希望大家可以在写作中灵活运用，来提升论文的质量。

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Paper代写：How Did the Economic and Political Environment in the 1930s Lead to the Great Depression

本篇paper代写- How Did the Economic and Political Environment in the 1930s Lead to the Great Depression讨论了美国的经济大萧条。20世纪30年代，美国被大萧条席卷，与其他同时遭受大萧条的国家相比，大萧条对美国的影响是巨大的。十九世纪中叶以来，自由主义经济思想不断发展，美国经济处于一种虚假的繁荣状态。美国经济在20世纪30年代迅速发展到空前的繁荣，在世界上起了决定性的作用。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Introduction

During the 1930s, the United States was being swept by great depression, which was a huge impact to the United States compared with the other countries that suffered from it simultaneously (Peter Temin). Since the middle of the nineteen century, the liberal economic thought has been developing continuously and the economy of the United States was in a false prosperity. The economy of the United States developed rapidly into unprecedented prosperity in the 1930s, placing a decisive role in the world (Alford B.W.)

Behind the prosperity of the economy, latent crisis were found in the growth of the economy. The dramatic impact of the great depression could not be ignored and the impact of the great depression was far more profound than any recession in history.

The phenomenon of the great depression is a valuable research issue. The research paper will analyze the reason why the great depression would happen in the United States concerning the economic environment and illustrate the impact and phenomenon of the great depression both economically and politically.

The Causes of the Great Depression

This recession is based on agricultural products prices fell as the starting point: the first occurs in the wood price (1928), which is mainly due to Soviet wood competition; but the greater disaster is coming in 1929, excessive production of Canadian wheat, the United States forced down all the places of origin of agricultural products the price of grain. Whether it is basic in Europe, America or Australia, agricultural recession due to financial collapse and further deterioration, especially in the United States, a speculative boom led to a lot of money back from Europe, then crashed in October 1929 the frightening Wall Street stock market. The effects of the great depression than any history of a recession are much more far-reaching.

The United States seems to be really in prosperity in the summer of 1929-- the overall stock market rapidly rose and all the people seemed to gain benefits and earn money from it (Studs Terkel, 2001). It boosted the economy of the America and the money gained from the stock market was being consumed in the American economy. With the development of economic liberalism, the economy of the United States was in a false prosperity in 1920s, the stock market was over inflated, and the social contradiction was very sharp. The economy of the United States was in a prosperous situation, gradually mastering the world's economic hegemony, which made New York the world's financial center due to innovation of domestic technology and laissez-faire policy carried out by the government. The stimulation of the First World War and the relatively stable political and economic situation after the war also provided good conditions for its development. There were, however, potential problems hidden in the prosperity, impeding the future economic growth under such environment. Behind the prosperity of the economy, the United States has long fallen into a situation of blind investment that led to imbalance of the economy, agricultural recession and increasing unemployment rate. The expansion of the supply greatly exceeded the ability to pay at home and abroad and the overproduction capacity problem was more and more serious.

First and foremost, the unequal income between the rich and poor was a serious problem. The consumption capacity of individuals has not risen significantly, because the average wage of workers in the 10 years since 1920s has remained unchanged (Cristina D. Romer, 1993). Only 10% of American invested in the stock market, leading to a widening gap between the rich and the poor. Data has been shown that about people who own the highest earnings than others amounted for approximately five percent at the period of depression, and their income occupied a third of the personal income among the society (Galbraith& John Kenneth 2009). An economy with a large gap between the rich and the poor largely depend on two aspects. On the one hand, the only way for the rich to get more money is to invest in existing companies, new industries, etc. During this period, income of the individuals has increased, while the income level of the upper class was higher than those who were in lower class and the increasing rate was higher. With the implementation of s high income of upper class, there was also a tendency for the rich to accumulate more and more money for an investment. The United States in 1920s was in an era of prosperity, and the consumer demand was strong, which stimulated investment, so it was popular for people to invest and promote the products. The growth of advertising promotion and payment by installments were tremendous, which allowed consumers to spend their future money. Payment by installments and the promotions led to the strong demand of consumers that would stimulate the rapid growth of investment. It was a risk, because it stimulated and raised the scale of the capital investment and whether consumers could pay their bill at the end was unknown. If individuals could not pay the money, the investment would not be able to get a reasonable compensation, and the huge investment scale was likely to cause a serious economic crisis. When the consumer demand decreased, the market would inevitably fallen into crisis. On the other hand, there was no need for the rich to buy extra ordinary commodities instead of the luxury products that met their needs (Galbraith, John Kenneth, 1954). High levels of investment as well as the commodities with high prices that being bought could stimulate the economy, while difficult it may be for those who could not easily reach this goal, because it was prohibitively costly for some individuals. Such controversy indicates that it was too difficult to depend on the rich to boost the economy. Unreasonable investment without satisfying the need of the consumption capacity does not make sense, which also led to the reality that the actual economic growth in the United States is slow.

Secondly, production department workers out of employment which will make consumer goods sales decreased, also resulting in workers unemployed of the sales department. And sales of consumer goods decreased in turn to make the investment to further reduce, the two major categories of intensified interaction driven production increasingly decline, rising unemployment even as low taxes and high. Profits and other favorable factors may also contribute to the crisis since the outbreak. A boom in 20s, mainly due to the abundant natural resources, industrial and agricultural production growth, technological progress, labor productivity, consumption and expand foreign trade and prosperity. However, many Americans in poverty situation and exist some weak links of the national economy, caused the Great Depression broke out. However, until the end of 20s, most Americans still blind optimistic prosperity will continue.

In addition, there was neglected or ignored some is not conducive to the economic development trend in 20s. And agriculture has not fully recovered from the recession, the farmers in this period always poor. Besides, the industrial sector wage level is high, many of them are false. For example, in 1920s, the total industrial output value increased by almost 50%, while the number of industrial workers did not increase, transportation workers actually decreased. In the low wage service industry workers increased most, which undoubtedly also includes a lot of unemployment due to technological progress and technical workers. So those statistics digital wages increased slightly, it seems not reflected reality. Because of the workers and peasants who are the basic consumer, these two types of people encountered economic difficulties will affect some of the consumer to goods market.

Furthermore, Galbraith and John Kenneth have pointed out in their articles that productions were exceeding the consumption demand during this period. The widening gap between the rich and the poor in the capitalist society will inevitably lead to the contradiction between social production and consumption, which was not conducive to the healthy development of social economy. Production and consumption of the society must be balanced, and in this way can the social economy run smoothly. National income expenditure could be divided into two respects. One is used to invest in production and the other is for consumption. In the industrial society, the consumption of industrial products accounts for a large proportion of the total social consumption, but the number of consumption volume for each people was limited. The government was likely to made some wrong decisions or predictions towards the need of the market and individuals. In 1929, the over-confident of government caused the so-called inventory recession (Cristina D. Romer, 1993).

Besides, economic growth was too dependent on the stock market. Compared to the investment in technological innovation, many companies were more willing to put money into the lending market, so the capitals would flow into the stock market at the end. Money faded away from the real economy, flowing into the stock market, which laid the basis for future American corporate failures and the great depression (Galbraith, John Kenneth, 1954). Most of the consumptions were from the profits of the stock market, and most of the investments were gathered in the stock market. Once the stock market crashes under such condition, the recession is unavoidable.

What is more, the structures of many banks and companies were unreasonable. In the discussion of the events that occurred during the depression, we are inclined to put a series of bank failures in a very important position. Relevant data shows that approximately 9755 banks went bankrupt due to financial difficulties in just 4 years, accounting for 1/3 of the number of banks in America (Scott B. Sumner, 2015). Coupled with the active liquidation, mergers and acquisitions, the number of commercial banks has been reduced by over a third. The first banking crisis since the end of 1930 was marked by a wave of bank failures probably due to poor lending and investment. The banking system tried to satisfy the demand of depositors as a whole only through the multiplier contraction effect of the deposit. In this case, regardless of the quality of assets held by banks, a bank run, which is a phenomenon that many customers of bank withdraw their cashes from the bank due to the financial crisis or relevant influences about the panic simultaneously, caused by any reasons to a certain extent was not unreasonable(Studs Terkel, 2001). Banks had to resort to certain measures such as selling assets in the market, which will inevitably result in the decrease in the market value of these assets as well as the devaluation of other assets held by banks. It was the decline of the value of the assets held by banks that has become the most important cause of capital damage, especially the decline in the market value of the bond portfolio, rather than the default of a particular loan or bond, which led to the occurrence of the bank failure. The banks were so vulnerable that they could not able to confront with the depression and it would be likely to bring a family to ruin when bank failure occurs (T.H. Watkins, 1998). The new structures adopted by the companies such as the holding companies or the investment trusts, showing that external reasons like bankruptcy or default on the bonds would have great impact on such companies, which makes it very risky to survive.

Next, social security system is the "stabilizer" of social stability and it could reduce social unrest and panic, while it was not until 1935 that the United States began to establish a social security system to guarantee the right of the American people. Before 1935, Neither Americans had no pension insurance, medical insurance, nor unemployment insurance. In 1920s the Americans even once regarded the rise of the stock market as the American economic security, which indicated speculation and madness of the stock market. Once the stock market crashed, and the economic crisis caused by the great depression occurred, the city unemployment increased and there was no social security for people of the United States. When the people of the United States who lived in cities became unemployed without social security, their living conditions would be worsen than the rural people who at lease owned a lowest living guarantee by farming.

Last but not least, laissez-faire doctrine and relevant economic policies adopted by the United States for a long time were one of the integral parts that contributed to the great depression (Scott B. Sumner, 2015). Laissez-faire policy is the traditional economic thought of capitalism since the industrial revolution, having a profound influence on the development of capitalism. Those who hold the belief of Laissez-faire policy tend to perceive that the market mechanism is an "invisible hand", which automatically regulates economic activities, thus inefficiency and waste would occur under the government interferences. Before the economic crisis, the U.S. government has regarded laissez-faire policy as the mainstream ideology of economic development to adjust economic activities, and take relevant economic policies. For instance, the government strictly controlled currency issuing amount, adhered to the principle of maintaining a basic fiscal balance between revenue and expenditures (Scott B. Sumner, 2015). Faced with the crisis of failing and broke, banks and companies were void of practical measures from the government and so does the people who were unemployed (T.H. Watkins, 1998). This kind of liberalism economic thought contributed to the crisis of economy step by step, triggering the great depression to certain extent. In response to the economic crisis, the United States President Hoover still adhered to the traditional laissez-faire doctrine, opposing government intervention.

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Essay代写：Restrictions on begging in early modern Britain

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Restrictions on begging in early modern Britain，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了近代早期英国对乞讨的限制。近代早期英国政府对乞讨的限制有一个逐步完善的过程。首先，英国政府让乞讨者回到自己的教区去，颁发乞讨执照与徽章。然后主张给予真正穷者以救济，给身强力壮的乞丐以改造坊工作。最后，则将部分乞丐安置于慈善院给以院内救济，对流民乞丐以严惩。

In the middle ages, based on Christian theories of "the interdependence of rich and poor" and "the sanctity of poverty", the poor were seen as god's "children" and beggars were seen as "angels" in disguise. Beggars therefore have legitimate grounds for existence, and even the Franciscans have encouraged priests to beg - as mendicants. Begging is also tolerated by the government and society. After the black death, Labour was scarce and many farmers were no longer willing to accept harsh exploitation from their landowners. At the same time, the abundance of social material production provided favorable conditions for beggars to make a living. As a result, there were quite a few wandering beggars in British cities and countryside. In 1349, the British government to protect the interests of manor has issued the first limit begging statute, Ordinance of Labourers. In addition to making it mandatory for workers to accept government-capped wages, it also prohibits people from giving handouts to beggars.

Although some devout Christians have proposed restrictions on begging in the middle ages, such as nassar in verona in the 10th century, in the late middle ages, both the government and the people did not strictly enforce the laws restricting begging, and beggars were still tolerated by the society. Because the British working people's life is relatively good due to the long-term stagnation of population and the relaxation of the relationship between people and land. However, when Britain entered the early modern times, with the influence of social factors such as population growth, enclosure movement and the dissolution of monasteries, poverty had become an important issue of concern to the whole society, especially the government. Therefore, begging has increasingly become a social issue of common concern.

In modern Europe, Christian humanists were the first to put forward the idea of eliminating beggars, and their ideas had a profound impact on social elites and the royal government. Erasmus, a famous Dutch Christian humanist writer, once said: "a strong beggar needs a job, not a handout. His ideas were widely welcomed in Britain. Britain's elite are ahead of their time in curbing begging, and some of their proposals have been adopted by the government. In 1531 the humanist William Marshall wrote legislation to eliminate the "pernicious evil" of begging, and in 1531 he suggested that in every parish poor supervisors should be appointed, and that poor children should be sent to apprenticeships and employed at reasonable wages.

Members of the church of England also advocated restrictions on beggars. They used their status and ideas to influence the secular government. For example, the senior priest levy once told king Edward vi about beggars. He said: "to be a man of honor, a man of veneration, an honest rich man, especially a mayor, a mayor, a city official, a mayor, a policeman, or any such official, to see beggars on the streets, often begging, is the greatest disgrace in the world, the complete destruction of god. There ought not to be such people here, because they lack the kind charity of the poor, or the correction of his faults. Puritanism also gave high attention to begging. At the end of the 16th century, William perkins, an important Puritan thinker in Britain, advocated different treatment of beggars. To the truly deserving beggars, William perkins once said, "the will of god is that the poor have a right to share in every man's goods, and therefore it is a disgrace to god that they should not be helped if they do not wander, beg, and cry." But to the able-bodied beggars, he said, "because these bold and noisy beggars take all handouts from others, the distribution of relief is neither wise nor equal" and therefore cannot be given to them.

By the end of the seventeenth century, poverty in England had not yet been completely solved, and beggars still wandered about from time to time. Daniel Defoe, a social reformer dedicated to dalby Thomas in 1689, put forward a more definite opinion on the elimination of beggars in his book the plan. First of all, he was full of sympathy for the beggars, and said, "I do not believe that any man is so humble as to be entirely willing to beg. Therefore, I am sure that any beggar should be given relief or punishment, or both. Although he thought that out of greed beggars should be punished like a dog. But he argued for a different approach to begging, saying, "if he begs because he is poor, which may be due to idleness or accident; If it is the latter, he should be relieved; if it is the former, he should be punished; but, at the same time, he should be relieved, for no matter what a man has done, he should not be allowed to starve to death. In order to eliminate beggars, he advocated the establishment of an annuity bureau, allowing people to pay a certain annuity when they are young and in good health, so that they can receive an annuity or be admitted to a workhouse in case of accidental disability or illness. If everyone did so and the money was honestly managed, begging and poverty would be eliminated forever. In the 16th and 17th centuries, both church members and social elites made timely Suggestions on how to limit begging, which also pushed the government to constantly improve its poverty relief policies. At the same time, only the government's laws can really restrict begging completely, because the government's restriction measures are both direct and powerful.

In early modern times, the British government's restriction on begging was a process of gradual improvement. It consists of three stages: in the early stages, returning beggars to their parishes, granting them begging licences and badges. In the middle period, advocates to give relief to the truly poor, to the strong beggars to transform the workshop work. In the later period, some beggars were placed in charity institutions for relief, and vagrant beggars were severely punished. The reason why the government imposed restrictions on begging was reflected in the law on the punishment of beggars and vagrants issued by Henry viii in 1531. According to the decree, beggars and vagrants "are the mother and root of all kinds of crimes, which can bring about constant thieves, murderers or other vicious crimes and major atrocities every day, which will make god angry, and the subjects restless and damaged, which is also a great infringement on the public welfare of the kingdom". One of the first ACTS of the Tudor government to restrict begging was the law against vagrants and beggars of 1495. It said that various beggars who were unable to work returned within six weeks of the decree to stay in the hundred families where they had last lived, were most familiar to them or had been born. Begging will not be allowed while staying in this area. The offending beggar will wear a cangue for three days and will be given only bread and water. By 1531, the law on the punishment of beggars and vagrants was enacted. Here, the government decree allows beggars who can't work to beg, but there are three restrictions. First, begging must be limited to a certain area, or be punished by wearing the cangue. Second, beggars will register their names and issue begging certificates. Third, giving only food handouts. If they break these rules, they will be punished. If there is no begging license, the offender will be fined. Beggars who beg in different areas are licensed with different signs. Students from Oxford and Cambridge universities without licenses and sailors from shipwrecks abroad cannot beg, or they will be punished as vagrants. Friars of the order of Francis should only beg in his birthplace.

In 1536, the British government enacted the law on the punishment of able-bodied vagrants and beggars. It rules, each city, county and town all the managers and members should not only be obtained for the poor, voluntary and kindness charity to help find and management, and "on their rigorous and smart way to find help, so that none of them in the city, county, town and parish lazy and openly wandering and begging alms, and make all villains and each vagabonds and strong beggar was arranged continuously work". The feature of this bill is to help beggars and provide them with jobs. Under the relief for the poor act of 1555, beggars who left their parish or town were given a licence with a seal and a badge. Here, "they must wear a badge on the largest cloth, visible on their chests and backs, and this conspicuous badge is given to him by the mayor of the city and by the head of the city council or parish." Exceeding the limit will be punished like the beggar. This practice effectively stigmatizes beggars in order to enable those whose lives are truly threatened by hunger to beg.

By the late 16th century, a new breed of able-bodied but jobless poor was emerging in Britain, and the number of able-bodied beggars began to increase. Between 1569 and 1572, the British government took more severe measures against beggars and even flogged some of them. Therefore, A Whipping Campaign was launched to ban beggars. In the poor law of 1572, in addition to imposing a poor tax to subsidize poor families and arrange work, the beggar child is also limited. "If the child leaves the master or mistress, or is taken away, the master may under the Labour act make the child a servant." Here, in fact, they turn the beggar boy into a working man, and prevent him from begging and wandering around.

After the urban government and local government survey of the poor, the government found that there are many strong poor people who are willing to work but have no job. Therefore, in 1576, the royal government's "work for the poor and avoid laziness act" required all towns to provide means of production for the poor, and put the lazy into the transformation of labor, at the same time, the excessive employment of handicraft production made the government give some recognition to beggars. A decree issued by the government in 1593 also provided for demobilized soldiers. It required the local administrator to provide the demobilized soldiers with an annuity, which would be completely deprived if they begged on the road. The government's relief for the poor act of 1598 placed a further restriction on the granting of almsgiving to beggars, stipulating that they could only receive food from beggars, and that they must obtain the consent of the parish wardens and councillors.

By the early seventeenth century, the government imposed strict restrictions on able-bodied beggars. In 1610, the government of James I issued an edict against scoundrels, vagabonds, and beggars. The edict requires every county to establish rehabilitation workshops, "for scoundrels, vagabonds, beggars, and other lazy and disorderly persons... Both have to provide jobs to transform." The early stuarts, so to speak, punished beggars more than they helped them. By 1646, many judges simply flogged and punished wandering beggars without providing them with houses or jobs. Therefore, beggars have not been eliminated completely in the whole society.

During the restoration period, in order to limit the vagrancy of beggars, the government issued the better relief law for the poor in the kingdom in 1662. It corrects the police and tithes for their failure to arrest tramps and able-bodied beggars. It states that magistrates have the power to order the police and tithes to award two shillings to those who arrest vagrants and able-bodied beggars whom they themselves have not arrested, and that the police and tithes who refuse or fail to pay the reward will be criticized by magistrates. If he arrested vagabonds and stout beggars who should have been arrested in that county by the police and tithes, he received two shillings from the police and tithes, which in effect encouraged the magistrates to set strict limits on the strong beggars. By the end of the 17th century, able-bodied beggars were severely restricted and most of them were sent to workhouses and reform workshops.

By the early 18th century, government restrictions on beggars in Britain remained strict. In 1714, the government ordered beggars who affected social order to be flogged or put into rehabilitation workshops. The person that partial does not have labor ability is sent to learn art place, undertake the labor that can do one's best, able-bodied person is put into transform square compulsory labor. In 1744 the government amended and strengthened the law on miffians and vagabonds by increasing the reward for arresting beggars from two shillings to five shillings and, in particular, ten shillings. Since then, the government has imposed severe punishment on the beggars. Those who do not want to be rescued from his parish are put into the training institute. Here, workers should be forced to work in factories or schools, and those who cannot work will be rescued by the government.

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