Essay代写：American interest group system

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- American interest group system，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的利益集团制度。利益集团是美国共和政体的创始人所说的派系。利益集团制度是在美国政治实践中形成并发展的一种政治活动制度，该制度演进到目前已经成为美国政治制度的基本构成之一。利益集团目前已经与政党、政府共同成为美国政治的三大支柱，成为现实中美国政治运作不可或缺的部分。一旦利益集团的运作出现偏差，那么对整个美国社会或特定群体的利益会造成较大的危害。

Interest groups are what the founders of the American republic called factions. Interest group system is a kind of political activity system formed and developed in American political practice, which has become one of the basic components of American political system. Understanding this system is crucial to a better understanding of the American political system.

Interest groups are what the founders of the American republic called factions. Faction is a term used by the founders of the United States to refer to political parties and specific interest groups or interest groups. What matters to the framers is how to establish a stable and orderly constitutional system that respects the liberties of citizens while preventing the tyranny of the majority or of a dominant interest group. James Madison offers a diagnosis, analysis, and solution in the federalist tenth. "The underlying reason for factions is human nature," he says. Recognizing that Americans live in a labyrinth of interest groups, Madison went on to say that "the most pervasive and enduring root causes of factional existence are diversification and inequality in the distribution of property." Under the protection of the American constitution, especially the first amendment, interest groups can exist and develop fully. Interest groups influence laws and policies by lobbying government officials, evaluating lawmakers, campaigning and influencing campaigns, filing and participating in lawsuits, and creating public pressure.

Interest groups are mainly divided into the following categories: economic interest groups, including industrial and commercial organizations and labor organizations, such as the famous "afl-cio", the American bar association; Ideological or single-issue interest groups, such as those associated with guns, abortion, and prohibition; Public interest interest groups; Foreign policy interest groups; Government interest groups. These different types of interest groups are not mutually exclusive. The diversity of interest groups means that there is competition among open and diversified interest groups, which helps to maintain democratic values and limits the dependence of power on any one group. Interest groups were once attacked as saboteurs of the democratic process and later were widely regarded as the essence of democratic pluralism. Political theorists such as bentley and Truman believed that interest groups were the cornerstone of the political process and the change of political system could be regarded as the result of group pressure. Interest groups were no longer seen as a threat to the democratic process, since it was believed that all individuals were free to organize interest groups, and that when groups with specific views on a political issue arose, groups with opposing views could also be created, thereby striking a balance. It can be seen that interest groups are actually the continuation and development of the classical social contract theory.

Tocqueville said: "the United States is the most convenient country in the world to organize parties and to use this powerful tool for a variety of purposes... From an early age, Americans knew they had to overcome life's difficulties on their own. They cast a distrustful and skeptical eye on the authority of society and only turn to it when they have to. Interest groups are the reflection of multiple interests, individual autonomy and social autonomy. The formation and operation of interest groups are conducive to the combination of legal subjectivity and publicity. "The construction of a harmonious interest order in a law-based society depends on a benign interest integration mechanism and interest regulation mechanism."

Full and open interest group system enables the interests of all social strata to be fed back into the government's behavior, which is conducive to the maximization of social interests. This system satisfies the precondition of promoting the publicity of law. Realize the organization of the main body; It is equal among members of a single interest group. Among multiple interest groups, even groups with conflicts of interest, groups are equal due to coexistence, competition and compromise. The formation of tolerance and compromise mechanism. In terms of the reality of our country, cultivating people's tolerance spirit of compromise, the meaning is: "the weak body has the spirit is more likely to be within the scope of the law and order to allow put forward claims, without destroying everything", can effectively relieve people's hatred of mentality, "if the whole society is set up this kind of spirit, is more likely to be different stakeholders through the way of negotiation, compromise, through the path of peaceful, progressive solve the interests conflict with each other, method of publicity can self-realization".

The interest group system can effectively integrate the resources of vulnerable individuals, and some professionals engaged in political activities can express their interest demands. From the perspective of norms, if various social groups are given ways to express their interests, then these social groups will fully recognize the resulting laws and policies, thus forming the "autonomous legislation" in habermas' theory.

Of course, the system of interest groups has its own defects, and its criticism is not uncommon. For example, "interest groups are divided into 'ingroup' and 'outgroup' groups. 'incircle' groups can consult with the government regularly and play an active role in the formulation and implementation of policies. 'outside groups' are often considered illegal by the government and fight for a place in political affairs. People's attention more and more focused on that give some interest groups' public status and some group excluded 'filtering mechanism, which found that interests are no longer to attract a wide range of different opinions to the democratic process of mechanism, the privileged interests, is the exercise of the relatively far away from the democratic supervision of the public power."

Some interest groups have the tendency to transform into vested interests. For example, habermas holds that the strict restriction of administrative activities by deliberative legislative model and legal guidance is threatened by the bureaucracy that tends to form its own body, and is also threatened by the privilege of private social power to the same extent. But in America, the real problem is thought to be... The influence of interest groups that pursue their private objectives through government agencies at the expense of the general good." Hayek, a libertarian, argued that modern democracy "in the course of this century has also produced a vast and extremely wasteful quasi-governmental apparatus of guilds, trade unions, and professional organizations; To a large extent, all of these institutions are designed to achieve the objective of securing the best possible preferential treatment from the government to the pockets of their respective members. However, it was really only established in response to the tendency of an all-powerful majority government to rely increasingly on buying the support of certain small groups to maintain its majority. In these situations, political factions have in fact degenerated into alliances of organized interest groups whose actions are determined by the internal logic of their respective mechanisms and not by any general principles or ideals to which they subscribe."

Interest groups, together with political parties and governments, have become the three pillars of American politics and an indispensable part of American political operation in reality. If there is deviation in the operation of interest groups, it will do great harm to the interests of the whole American society or specific groups. But unfortunately, this bias has been repeated. The main performance is as follows:

Due to the interests of the majority of the members may not engage in activities in the influence of government, at the same time, group of a few core holds the overwhelming advantage of various social resources, often only a few key players can actually influence on government, the majority of members of the core members of the supervisory mechanism is very fragile, at this point a few key person's behavior to maintain the interest groups on the surface, in essence is to safeguard its own interests.

There are also big differences between different interest groups. For example, in the United States, since the labor union has a huge influence on the hired workers, the workers mean a large number of votes for politicians, so some politicians' legislation and policy draft often consciously favor the domestic hired workers, which is a major blow to immigrants.

In order to pass their own proposals, different political parties seek the support of other political parties, support each other's proposals, or attach favorable contents to their own proposals to make their proposals easier to pass in the parliament, which is a common strategy in western party politics. Just here main body by the party into interest groups, but the laws of the United States for political activities much more regulation than interest group activity regulation strictly, and basic is close between the two parties in the United States, with interests on the other hand, because of some interest groups have no conditions for allied with other interest groups, such as compared to the economic interests, political purposes, interests, public welfare purposes is lack of attract other interest group the advantage of the Allies.

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Assignment代写：The American system of local finance

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The American system of local finance，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的地方财政体制。美国的地方财政体制受其政治体制的影响，无论是支出责任还是税权在地方政府间的配置都有其特点，具备一定的效率优势。自从20世纪80年代中叶以后，当地方政府减少了对上级政府转移和财产税的依赖以后，各州地方政府的收入结构中，收费比重呈上升趋势。

The local financial system of the United States is influenced by its political system. The allocation of expenditure responsibility and tax power among local governments has its own characteristics and certain efficiency advantages. This paper analyzes the local financial system of the United States, clarifies the concept of China's tax and fee reform, and constructs a mature tax and fee system, so as to contribute to the reform and improvement of China's local financial system.

Government activities in the United States take place at the federal, state and local levels. Therefore, the financial relationship between governments involves the relationship between the federal and state, state and local, federal and local, state and state, and local and local. This paper mainly studies the local governments below the state level and their financial relations with the states.

Local government refers to the administrative units below the state level. It is a division of the state. It is created by legislation or charter of the state council and established with the approval of the state. Therefore, local government is a tool created by the state and belongs to the state. Local governments can only exercise the powers granted by the state constitution and legislated by the state assembly. All powers are vested in the state government. Local governments can only exercise their powers as agents of the state or by special authorization of the state assembly. Local governments vary greatly from state to state in size, structure, power, functions and interrelationships, and there is no unified national system.

Local government units include counties, cities, towns, townships, villages, school districts and other special zones. Local governments can be divided into those with comprehensive functions and those with single functions. The former refers to local governments exercising general administrative functions within their respective administrative regions for general purposes, such as counties, cities, towns, townships and villages. The latter only manages one aspect of the district's affairs, such as school districts, fire zones and water supply zones. The legal status of local government in the state is different from that of the state in the federal system.

When a certain number of residents wish to form an autonomous city, they may apply to the state legislature. If the conditions are met, the city is established by a referendum in which the state council issues a charter. Between county and city are juxtaposed, do not have authority to belong to a relation.

Townships and towns are smaller administrative units set up by the states. Although they have the same name, their standards, legal status and administrative functions vary from state to state. Towns, as smaller divide-and-conquer units of the state, were created by the state, and although they are within the territory of a county or city, it does not mean that they are under the jurisdiction of that county or city. At the same time, it is also an independent local government with comprehensive functions, which are responsible for maintaining public security, roads and welfare. As the population of the townships increases, some will merge into cities or form new municipal autonomy. A town is generally a small town, a municipal self-governing body formed by local residents in accordance with state legal procedures.

The district is a single function of local government, a variety of types, such as school district, irrigation area, fire area, park, water management area, soil conservation area, cemetery management area, health area, medical area, road improvement area, sewage pipe area, etc., distributed in all states except Alaska and the district of Columbia. The number of local government units with comprehensive functions has been greatly exceeded. There are historical and social reasons for its development: technically, it is to adapt to the specific needs of specific regions and deal with special problems beyond the boundaries of counties, cities and townships; Or to circumvent state constitutions and laws, as well as charter limits on taxes and debt, and to set up special zones to raise money for local businesses; Or it may be that dealing with special problems requires expertise and the formation of a special government to be managed by professionals. The special economic zone is a kind of local autonomous body, enjoying the rights of legal person; As a local government unit, the hksar also enjoys the legal status of the government, the power to borrow, tax and spend money in the name and on credit of the hksar, and the power to make and enforce laws. Its officials are elected or appointed by the state government.

The procedures and organizational structure of the establishment of the special zone are regulated by the laws of the states. Generally, there are three steps. First, the initiator drafts the petition and has a specified number of resident's signatures and property owner's guarantee. Second, the petition was sent to the county board; Finally, with the consent of the county committee, a referendum shall normally be held on the issue. If approved, the special administrative region shall be established. Different districts have different sources of revenue: school districts rely heavily on property taxes and state grants; Water and sanitation zones rely mainly on assessed fees and service charges; Soil reserves rely heavily on donations. Most d.c. The district's ability to tax and borrow is severely limited by the state constitution and laws. Generally, the county collects taxes for the special zones within the county. There is a great deal of financial independence and administrative independence between the government units of the special administrative region and the government units of general purpose.

General revenue collected by local governments in 2008 totaled $1.4 trillion. Of that, nearly 37.4 percent came from transfers from federal and state governments, with the rest coming from local taxes, fees and miscellaneous income. Specifically, in 2008, local governments received about $0.525 trillion in inter-governmental transfer revenue. Property taxes constitute the largest source of local governments' own revenue, totaling $0.397 trillion, or 28.3 percent of local general income. Fees and miscellaneous income accounted for 23.4 percent of local government revenue, or about $0.328 trillion. Sales and gross income taxes, personal income taxes and other taxes made up the remaining 10.8 percent of local general income, generating about $0.152 trillion in revenue.

Transfer income from federal and state governments followed a downward trajectory until the 1980s, then remained stable and declined slightly in the early 2000s. Property tax revenues declined until 1980 but have remained stable since then, becoming the main source of revenue for local governments. It is worth noting that from 1977 to 1983, fees and miscellaneous income increased sharply, and then maintained a steady upward trend, becoming an important source of income for local governments. Sales and total revenue tax in the general fiscal revenue of local governments is not high, has remained stable.

Georgia is the largest state in the southeast of the United States, the leading economic development in the southeast of the United States, the capital of Atlanta is known as the economic engine of the southeast of the United States.

Georgia has two types of general purpose local government: counties and municipalities. Georgia's constitution limits the number of counties to 159. The state constitution requires that changes in county boundaries be approved by voters in the county concerned. Municipalities can change size through consolidation. Municipality consolidation is a way to reduce the duplication of labor among service providers and the cost of service delivery. Counties and municipalities are the political branches of the state, and their powers and responsibilities are mainly regulated by the state constitution and state laws. These are important background materials for understanding the relationships between local governments within the state. The legal authority that local governments have determines their ability to respond to their constituents.

Chapter 2 of article 6 of the Georgia constitution provides for the autonomy of the counties: the counties shall have the legislative power to adopt reasonable laws and may amend their own laws. The Georgia constitution provides for the powers of the county in the form of negative enumeration: no power to influence the electoral office and the electoral process; No power to define criminal conduct or punishment; Taxation cannot be carried out beyond the constitutional or legal authority; Can not affect the implementation of the right of eminent domain; Has no power to interfere with the court system and the public school system; Has no authority to interfere with the regulated activities reserved for the Georgia public service commission. Georgia's constitution makes it clear that the powers of the county board are limited to those granted by the constitution. The local autonomy of a municipality is provided for not by a state constitution but by state legislation. The state constitution clearly states that the state assembly has the power to determine the autonomy of the municipality. The intent of the constitution was to allow the assembly to take the form of legislation, permitting municipalities to deal with local issues without the assembly. The powers of self-government of a municipality are, therefore, permitted by general law and the charter of the municipality, subject to ratification by the general assembly and written into the code of Georgia. Obviously, the autonomous city government's constitutional status is inferior to the county. The administrative powers of the municipal government include the establishment of offices, the regulation of civil service employment, the signing of service contracts, the granting of privileges, the construction of water and sewerage systems and the issuance of debts. The Georgia code defines the powers of the municipality in the form of negative enumeration. (ii) inability to change the procedures for electing autonomous bodies; Having no right to define the confirmed criminal act; There can be no trial for a crime beyond six months or $1, 000; No taxation without authorization; It shall not affect the implementation of the right of eminent domain; Does not affect the court system and the independent public school system; No extension of the regulated activities reserved for the Georgia public service commission; A municipality may not grant itself new powers, but may only accept or retain powers granted by the general assembly.

The county government is responsible for filing records, public health, welfare, the courts, and enforcing state laws. The municipal government is responsible for other services needed by the citizens, such as parks, police, water and sewerage systems, zoning, garbage disposal, etc. The state constitution empowers the borough to take responsibility for such things as garbage collection, parks, or recreational services. 19 edition adopted an amendment to the constitution in 1972, Georgia, to the county for the county government in autonomous city outside the region to provide a service at exactly the same with autonomy: fire, litter and soil disposal, public health, animal control, streets and roads, parks and recreation, sewage treatment, public housing management, public transportation, libraries, parking lot, compiled code, air quality control, such as the welfare of the local government employees. In 1997, the Georgia general assembly adopted the service delivery strategy act, which resolved the problem of overlapping and overlapping service supply between counties and municipalities. The bill was the result of a consultation between the Georgia county board and the Georgia home rule association. The aim is to promote local cooperation in the provision of services, making counties and municipalities accountable to the states for funding and providing services in a reasonable manner. According to the state constitution, primary and secondary schools are the responsibility of the state government, but local school districts also have the responsibility to provide education, mainly providing basic education. The powers and responsibilities of the local school system are spelled out in the "high quality basic education act". Purpose-specific dc authorities such as the Atlanta metro and hospital authority mainly provide special services such as metro and medical services.

Georgia's allocation of expenditure responsibility is different from other states in the United States for the following three reasons: first, historical reasons. The allocation of these expenditure responsibilities can be understood as the result of early budget allocation and preferences. The second is political. The allocation of these spending responsibilities can be understood as the result of local legislators' efforts to win over voters. Third, there are economic reasons. It is the spillover effect of some expenditure in Georgia that determines the allocation of expenditure responsibility.

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Argument Essay要怎么开头

相信在国外留学的同学们对Argument Essay一定不会陌生，但不知道同学们写出来的Argument Essay有没有让老师满意呢。其实想要写好Argument Essay，那么就要写好开头。中规中矩的开头其实作用不大，会让你的论文显得没有新意。那么Argument Essay要怎么开头呢？下面就给大家讲解一下。

看看下面这个例子：

After a hard day of work, I sat in my corner office, thinking of the data I just analyzed.

这个开头营造的画面错在哪里了呢？我们在写一篇Essay的开始需要检查一下的一些内容：

1）这是不是带给人足够的惊喜，并且足够聪明从而能够抓住读者的注意？

2）这有没有为下面的Essay的内容提供线索，并且使得读者能够想要继续往下读？

3）这有没有为申请者想要讲的故事做好铺垫呢？

通过上面的3个check points，在修改了一些问题之后，下面这个修改过的开头是这样的：

75 stories above the ground in my corner office, I realized my decisions would change the world. The feeling was indescribable: we rarely think of data analysis as glamorous but looking around I thought that from the planes in the sky to the roads on the ground, everything relied on data.

以上的例子，看起来更好吧？为什么呢？我们一起来分析下吧：

1）这个开头描述了Essay的写作背景和作者的感受，简单地给出了故事的剧情。“33 stories above the ground”，我们要记住这个画面，接着他的“Realization that his decision would change the world”让我们想要继续读下去，从而找到原因。

2）然后他通过介绍这个场景（坐在城市的最顶端）和他做的事情（数据分析）之间的联系将它联系在一起。通过简单的改变，这个开头从一个行不通的方案变成了一个很好的介绍候选人的Goal的方法。

通过这个简单的例子，我想大家已经知道了一个好的Essay的开头的原则了吧：

1）抓住读者注意力

2）关于内容的线索将会让读者想要继续看下去

3）为申请者的故事做出铺垫

以上就是一些Argument Essay开头的实例，同学们可以参考一下，写出一个好的开头，让Argument Essay拿到一个好分数。

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Paper代写：Law and morality

本篇paper代写- Law and morality讨论了法律与道德。法律源于道德，道德是对法律的补充和完善。法律是最基本的道德，道德是最高的法律。只有充分认识道德与法律之间的关系，让法律始终渗透着道德的理念。这样法律才能不那么程序化、结构化，让它也体现出人文色彩。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Law and morality have always been attached importance to by people, which have different social functions and social benefits. Law is the embodiment of the will of the state and an important means to serve the ruling class. At present, China is a socialist democratic dictatorship, which represents the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. The enactment of laws is based on the consideration of serving the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people and can ensure that the people's rights and interests are protected to the greatest extent. At the same time, the law is mandatory, when the rights of citizens are injured, can use legal means to protect their own interests. Morality is the accepted social norm and code of conduct in the social group. It has no clear written provisions and constraints. It is a kind of value in the heart of citizens. Morality is to achieve its binding effect through public opinion of social groups. There is no mandatory measure, which requires every citizen to consciously abide by and maintain, and form a default code of conduct. Both law and morality have something in common and have their own characteristics. They are integrated and promote each other, and play their respective roles in social norms. There are also differences. As a result, there is a conflict between law and morality. Different results are shown for the same kind of behavior in their respective fields, which leads to a game between law and morality. They need to supplement and improve their own codes of conduct. In the game between morality and law, we need to balance the relationship between them. The conflict between morality and law should be resolved actively and the two should be skillfully integrated to promote the development of society in a better direction.

Law is the constraint condition of the social crowd's code of conduct, which regulates the scientific and reasonable social activities and ensures the healthy operation of the society. There have always been laws, such as shang Yang's legislation and wang anshi's reform in ancient times. From the very beginning, the law takes fairness and justice as its starting point and goal. It aims to keep the society in a more stable state of operation and promote the healthy and orderly development of the society. Law can be divided into two connotations: broad sense law and narrow sense law. The broad sense of law in our country contains a variety of laws. The constitution, the civil law, the commercial law, the national security law, and so on, are all enacted and promulgated by the National People's Congress. At the same time, various regions and administrative organs may, in light of their local conditions and development needs, formulate laws in various regions to promote more scientific and reasonable regional management. However, in the process of making regional laws, they must be made on the basis of national laws such as the constitution, without any contradiction or disagreement with national laws. If there is any difference with national laws, it will lose its legal benefits. National laws and local regulations constitute the whole law. They promote and coordinate each other to serve the overall development of society. In its narrow sense, the law is enacted by the National People's Congress and its standing committee.

Legal norms are abstract generalizations of social activities and social codes of conduct, whose subject of behavior is all citizens of the society and has universal applicability. The criterion for the law to play its role requires: firstly, the law should be implemented by the state on the basis of national coercive force. Law plays a role in maintaining social stability and needs to be complied with and implemented by citizens under coercive authority. The law has a clear division of rights and obligations for every citizen, so that citizens do not undermine the rights of others, and restrict their behavior within the scope of the law. The law stipulates in express terms that every citizen can restrain his behavior and promote the healthy and orderly development of society. Law is the minimum moral, is the tool and magic weapon for citizens to safeguard their rights, and ensures that citizens can seek assistance in the law.

Morality belongs to the category of social ideology. Morality is reflected in the analects of Confucius, mencius and the book of songs. Morality, like law, has two basic meanings. In a broad sense, morality refers to an individual's moral level and behavior pattern, which is an important reflection of a person's comprehensive level. For example, loud talking, spitting, littering and other behaviors in public places are all manifestations of low personal moral standards. At the same time, morality is an important bridge to coordinate the relationship between individuals and others, between individuals and society. Morality requires every citizen to conscientiously implement it. It is their own constraints on their own behavior, there is no national law enforcement measures and legal provisions, the need to consciously abide by, is a kind of "careful" thinking reflected. The violation of social morality by citizens has negative effects, which will bring negative effects to both individuals and the society.

Morality and law have different social meanings, and their subjects are different. First of all, the subject of the law is the national compulsory force, which is defined by laws and regulations whether the behavior is reasonable and legal. But the moral subject is the broad masses, does not have the national will - power participation, does not have a written stipulation and the standard to define. Secondly, the law is based on the individual behavior to judge whether the legal, but specific behavior to act in accordance with the rules and regulations. Morality, on the other hand, takes personal thoughts and thoughts of the time into consideration, judges the inner world of the individual, and makes the character not only conform to moral requirements in external behavior, but also form a better moral concept. Moreover, the most obvious difference between law and morality lies in the fact that law can be enforced by the national coercive force. For those who violate the laws and regulations of the state, the state power department can impose punishment on them according to law, so that the majority of citizens are in awe of the law. Morality is a hidden decision-making tool, which mainly enables people to set up what should be done to meet the current moral requirements. Finally, law and morality show differences in implementation time. The law needs to be implemented in accordance with certain steps and provisions, with a certain delay. It is necessary for the actor to have a clear consideration of the corresponding laws before implementation, which is an afterthought and relatively passive. Morality, on the other hand, requires action to be carried out through inner game. Meanwhile, after the action is carried out, public opinion will judge and comment on the event according to social values and public opinions, so as to make timely and effective judgments on relevant events. At the same time, moral constraints occur in people's hearts. Through moral intervention, some people can wake up and change their behavior in time.

The conflict between morality and law focuses on different views on an event. Law is to act in accordance with the rules and regulations formulated by the state. It is judged by law according to the result of this event, which lacks a certain degree of humanistic color. Morality, on the other hand, takes into account the inner thoughts and environment of the characters at that time and has a clear humanistic concern.

Law originates from morality, which is the supplement and perfection of law. We can't completely separate the two, because there's a part of you and a part of me. Law is the most basic morality, and morality is the highest law. We need to fully understand the relationship between morality and law, so that the law is always permeated with the concept of morality. In this way, the law is no longer so procedural, structured, it also reflects the humanistic color. The National People's Congress and the Chinese people's political consultative conference (CPPCC) are convened annually to not only formulate plans for the country's economic development, but also to supplement and improve relevant laws in light of actual conditions. We will make the law better reflect the will of the overwhelming majority of the people and remove negative emotions from society. At the same time, morality is the supplement and perfection of law. It enables the people to form a good social atmosphere, create a good social environment, imperceptibly educate the masses, and promote the harmonious development of society.

Morality and law play their respective roles in different fields and deeply affect people's lives. Law and morality have different jurisdiction space, law has mandatory, it USES coercive means to regulate the people's code of conduct. Morality, on the other hand, emphasizes the indoctrination of the mind and achieves the indoctrination through flexible thinking. In order to effectively regulate people's social activities, maintain social stability and promote social harmonious development, it is necessary to improve the complementary mechanism of law and morality, so that both of them can be organically combined in terms of adjustment scope and means, and supplement and strengthen in content and effect. Only between the two to establish a good interactive relationship, so that our moral more social benefits, at the same time our law also has humanistic care, better for the construction of a harmonious socialist society to play their respective effects.

Moral and legal contradictions and conflicts are reflected in their different positions. We need to make an analysis according to the current development of The Times and explore the root causes of moral and legal contradictions and conflicts. In this way, we can handle the conflict between the two flexibly. Injecting moral ideas into the law and spreading legal norms through morality can not only make the law more characteristic of The Times, but also make legal norms be established in the whole society. Let the broad masses establish the concept of "respecting the law, respecting the law, loving the law and using the law", fully realize that legal construction and moral construction go hand in hand, and fully lay a solid foundation for the realization of a harmonious society.

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Essay代写：The shelly

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The shelly，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了电影《谢利》。影片《谢利》的成功不仅以社会妓女的敏感话题有无真情为其电影的抒情基点，还以印象主义绘画那些美的特质为其依托，将观众的审美视野放在法国浪情的调子上来展示。在光影朦胧、色泽炫目的画面中，人的情志和思想完全被震慑，被征服。该电影属于法国经典的印象派手法，追求形式的美比表现内容显得更为主要。

Telling the story in the context of painting is one of the most successful elements of the British film Shirley. Stephen frese, the British director, is famous again for his masterful use of language and impressionistic flickering images, following the queen, which he directed. The success of the film "Shirley" not only depends on whether the sensitive topic of social prostitutes has true feelings or not as the basis of its lyrical film, but also relies on the aesthetic characteristics of impressionistic painting to display the audience's aesthetic vision in the tune of French wave. In the hazy, blinding picture of color, people's feelings and thoughts are completely shocked and conquered.

The artistic charm of film art generally follows two principles. First, the story is full of ups and downs, which is very touching. First, the picture is exquisite, wonderful. Following the winning rules of this film, the British films such as Tess, Jane eyre, wuthering heights and Elizabeth all achieved success. In the past art blockbusters in the UK, the two main lines of parallel scenes and plots have never changed, but the film composition is slightly classical and solemn, lacking vivid color blocks and flowing perspective of the picture. Stephen frese's 2009 film "Shirley" breaks away from the long-standing tone, and places the characters and the plot of the story in a kind of staggered color, dim light and shadow, colorful picture and muddy impression, which gives people excellent aesthetic effect. The film vocabulary expressed in the film "Shirley" is romantic and has the aesthetic characteristics of impressionistic art. In this film, beautiful scenes and pictures are elegantly connected with characters. The film's composition was taken to an unprecedented level by the director. Film belongs to the French classic impressionism, the pursuit of beauty in the form is more important than the performance of the content. According to current film critic Louis janetti, "formalist films are basically the works of directors, and the personal marks of the author are usually very obvious.

Film of French impressionism in the explorer is not only Stephen Fraser, one person at home, French director gonzalo, wheels, DiLvKe "fever" drucker's "Spanish festival" and so on, are all in the name of impressionism, and at that time, the French original film classic beauty system by unprecedented challenges, in a dizzy chaotic light for its development under the new camp sadly arisen.

To understand the picture language of director Stephen frese, we need to apply light ink to the principles of French impressionist painting. Impressionism is a kind of international art language, which creates a little-known painting vocabulary on the basis of pursuing "outdoor sketching" and opposing the inherent color in the painting circle. Rally in under the flag of impressionist art not only has a beginning, manet, monet, van gogh, gauguin and others, and music of Debussy, ravel, photography in the "soft tone photography technique, Paul Paul verlaine hazy literature in literature context, Japan's" art of float world draw ", etc., they are both controlled by the impressionism of aesthetic theory. The rise of impressionism in the movie in the 1920 s, the French film and stronger momentum and German film American film, exhaustion, to Abraham, okada, zhe min, drucker, and a new generation of its representative of innovation sent, trying not to beat, set foot on the French impressionist painting in rotating between light and shadow, looking for a new film language. Thus, monet et al. 's efforts to capture the vague and fleeting artistic feeling in painting became a new breakthrough in the French film industry. At the same time, Debussy on the music in the harmonic vocabulary he created, that kind of sway sway feeling also came into being. Impressionist aesthetic standards is not clear at first, the depressed block against Louis xvi of France since the official group of painting style, began in 1874, recognized monet exhibition "impression, sunrise", some strange strange light, colour and lustre turbidity paintings are the Louvre kicked off the door, the young people unwilling fall after they work in the Paris avenue to say, passers-by, to set more and more public security police finally use hoses to disperse the crowd. In any case, at the beginning of impressionism, there was little deviation from the inherent French painting style, and the enterprising spirit of breaking away from it brought these French young people to a new height, a beauty that had not been achieved before. Film "xie li" what aim at, it is impressionism such aesthetic line. Film after Lea to visit her former prostitute industry competition, the old rival Charlotte, sat a British car, through the ancient country road, fast car with fields and crops vegetation formation are dim shadow on the road, look look, a color flashing - golden, green, dark purple, light pink colour superimposed together, such as bouncing color, formed under the sun under the irradiation of light, people will see eye to set up their own colour into the audience. The director Stephen frese is familiar with the theoretical principle of impressionistic painting. He places the perspective of the audience in the nature, thus producing a shot similar to the aesthetic feeling of impressionistic painting.

Based on a novel by French writer Colette, the film "Shirley" is a simple story about a young rich man who falls in love with his mother's friend, a prostitute in her late twenties in Paris. Shelley's mother forced her son to give up the six-year relationship. After marrying another woman, shelly still couldn't forget the man who taught her how to "love", and finally chose to flee to a fantasy world and end her young life with a gun. Movie opening are arranged in the back garden of the family reunion Xie Ligu, characters completely wrapped by lush vegetation, there are French phoenix tree, the aloe, Japan cloves, asparagus, China director of trying to build a kind of tonal symphony, like manet was that colour "grass" riches and honour, blackish green, deep green, and flowers white color contrast with people, let the viewer in shadow when people talk about those boring homely, visual won't feel tired. Paying attention to visual aesthetic experience is one of the most prominent features of contemporary European films. For example, becoming Jane Austen, beautiful angel, road to the red world and brokeback mountain are all pleasing to people with their images, which is also one of the key points for many Oscar winners. Mark rothko, an American art philosopher, said in an exploration of art beauty, "the decorative nature of art is spiritual and philosophical, and it insists on and displays its basic principles. We want a happy signpost, not an ugly presence. However, at present, many directors do not care about the feelings of the audience, they put the dialogue of the characters casually in a simple place, the aesthetic pleasure of the picture of the thoughts in the film often gives way to the tedious word games, the audience does not buy it, failure is inevitable. Shelley, the hero in the movie, is a rare handsome man with deep-set eyes, dark eyebrows and a high nose. His whole face looks like the sculpture beauty of an ancient Greek god. In addition, his clothes also is to have cultured, maroon suit foil by white underwear, slender figure and then put on a black trousers, a hand holding a cup of red wine, talking to lean body, the eyes contain deep lasting appeal when watching leia, wan ku is a woman will be his deputy and charmed by a little provocative look. From the character selection of the leading actor to the clothing selection, all show the film director's superb aesthetic perception and interest, which is combined with the director Stephen frese to express the impressionist painter's aesthetic thinking of one standard. Beauty, as the main narrative of the film "Shirley", has a collision with the aesthetic appreciation of the audience. Along the film refers to the art road signs, we came to the birth of impressionism in the French high society, feeling the extraordinary years of rouge powder. Since the fall of German thought, Paris has been a rallying point for the world's cultural heavyweights. In the mid-19th century, Chopin of Poland came to France by boat from the nieper river to join liszt of Hungary. He met Hugo and George sang in the French salon. Chopin is music on the talent, has been regarded as the apple of the eye of the French high society of female celebrities. His association with George sang, who was six years his senior, was bound to raise eyebrows. Forced by embarrassment, two people avoid the vision of the Paris media, fled to the outskirts of a called mallorca island to survive in the wild, the wave of this kind of love has been France's upper class hot speculation. Critics have suggested that the aunt and nephew's romance in "Shirley" was also learned from Joe and shaw. Paris is not only a place of emotional vortex, but also a cradle of world-class artistic talent. Hugo, merimee, Balzac, dumas, dumas, delacroix, van gogh, gauguin, Sartre, maupassant, voltaire, Berlioz, Debussy these art and ideological heavyweights are from Paris. Many viewers will ask, why does this land have so many music masters, painting leaders, giants of thought, literary giants? It's all about love and romance in Paris, about the fact that this land can produce artistic genius and also allow dirt. "Xie li" is also a shot to the society's most dirty abortion prostitutes, let her moral collapse and his poor generation boy xie li mix, after a period of passion, the human nature of the conscience was awakened, resolutely and resolutely break up with him, just cause xie li shot suicide human tragedy. Impressionism was born out of the vast and misty dust. How can it stop in today's complicated and mixed society?

Film is the language of vision. Only when the eyes are stretched can we better express the meaning of film. Therefore, the design of characters and scenes in the film is crucial. "The visual emphasis on the scene is an important reflection of the director's style." The aesthetic feeling shown by "Shirley" starts from the beautiful picture, and then shapes the beautiful figure of the characters and gradually enters the story itself. Without the ingenious arrangement of director Stephen frese and his tacit cooperation with the photographer, this much-mashed literary script would have caused the world to scoff at the fact that "Shelley" once again tackles such sensitive social issues as prostitution. In the movie, shelly is leia temptation to go to bed, the camera turned to him and the practice that a boxer, leia standing on the bridge use wreath range, looked at her lover with boxer standoff, lens using overlooking the Angle shot up, flowers of Bridges, water flowers, CARDS and colonnades, with flower, beautiful leia all the sight of the audience. Especially in the sun shining glow, the lens produced shadow, the water appeared golden cross wave light, an impressionist visual aesthetic picture arises spontaneously. Impressionism is known in France as the "moment of emotional expression", the capture of fleeting impressions. Truth, as long as a little knowledge of painting appreciation all know, manet, monet, van gogh how to create a beautiful painting, in the path of beauty, the artists climbed the highest mountain art, see the most beautiful scenery. Zheng feng, a contemporary romance novelist, wrote in the book "angels love Paris" that "genius is accomplished at one stroke, striking the world with one action, and brilliant, just like van gogh and Chopin. Stephen Frears rose to the top of British cinema in the 1980s with his keen visual awareness and engaging storytelling. Ignoring the criticism of the current public opinion, the director directly aims his film lens at the prostitute, who is not clean. With the beauty of the beautiful picture and the profound philosophy that is worth thinking, the original sincerity and kindness of human nature are opened. When Shelley was arranged by her mother to marry young Edmee, leia finally realized that the time had come to break up with Shelley. After she gets married and starts a new life with Shelley, she deliberately gives him the cold shoulder and even flees to the seaside alone. The director intentionally arranges for her to have a brief encounter with the muscular and androgen equally developed private boxer, and then goes to bed, gets together with him and makes no sense. However, when leia finally realized that she could not live without shelly, she immediately returned to her hometown and met shelly. However, she looks different with shelly again feeling as before, her body hidden love of a mother's love look noble virtue, said her repressed inner true feelings: "forgive me, I will love you until I die, you are in my heart has been to for a long time, I forgot you still have to shoulder the task of the their own home, the young wife, there may be a child. So, you're going to suffer, you're going to think of me, and use reason and tolerance, and try not to hurt other people... "A touching words has let the audience bring tears, this period of sincere, to the heart of words, will soon be remembered, that forget her in his garden for massage therapist said:" it's strange that I couldn't describe the feeling, just like with African and Chinese people to go to bed, not to say that I have that experience." To win the understanding of African and Asian cultures, American and British directors often add some dialogue without answering questions in their films, which results in cozying up to harm. Perhaps I'm not quite sure why director Stephen frese included this line here. The film "" shelly" "is moving at the end. Shelly left after hearing lya's final farewell, a walk that never returned to lya, nor did he return to this planet. The news of Shelley's suicide was told by the film's narration to the audience. In a sad and beautiful music, the film saw the figure of Shelley disappearing gradually, leaving the world with space for reverie and thinking.

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