Essay写作需要避免什么

经常会有留学生抱怨说自己好不容易才完成一篇Essay，但却勉强及格，有的甚至Fail了。这就非常难受了，毕竟大家的母语不是英语，写作英文论文显得非常困难，然后分数也不高，这对心态也是一个打击。其实Essay写作只要避免这些特征，那么还是能拿到高分的。

Essay Topic合理，但缺乏独创性

Essay选择的主题可能是合理的，但是能写的内容或建议非常少，且没有创新性，可能会不适合Essay所需的长度。

没有体现出高层次的学术能力

很少或根本没有高等学术能力的证据，其中包括分析、综合和评价。提出的关键问题及其与论文主题的关系，解释不足。

对相关方法学的认识非常有限

在Essay中，可能对于相关的方法学问题的认识非常有限，尽管这些考虑在工作中可能完全不明显。

没有明确的论点论据

在Essay中，很明显的论据基本上不存在。主要以无根据的意见作为依据，很少或没有证据支持其与Essay的关系。

依赖准确性不高的材料

Essay里不会显示研究和阅读的证据，通常会过分依赖讲座、研讨会和“标准文本”的材料，这些材料可能是不准确的代表。甚至是依赖于未经佐证的意见。

清晰度不足，结构不对

论文的清晰度和结构不够或不足的，几乎没有正确的使用拼写、语法、标点符号和段落结构等，并且可能存在几个或所有这些方面需要注意的问题。

参考文献的错误引用

可能大部分的参考文献是一致的，且引用正确，但也有可能存在明显的不一致。

以上就是关于Essay写作的讲解，如果大家在写作Essay时出现以上所说的这些情况，那就赶紧改过来，不然会非常影响论文质量的。

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Paper代写：Hegel's philosophy of religion

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Hegel's philosophy of religion，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了黑格尔的宗教哲学。黑格尔认为，宗教的最高形式是哲学的宗教，哲学宗教的最后形式是法和伦理的自由精神，哲学要为宗教作证明，宗教自身并不能证明自己，而只有通过哲学之思，通过精神来为精神作证。黑格尔的宗教哲学并非是有意来贬低哲学的地位，他是在提升哲学的精神品性。黑格尔把宗教和艺术都归于哲学门下，宗教需要哲学来证明与阐释，否则宗教就会失去其存在，宗教必须借助于哲学之思想才能得以体系化和现实化。

The true religion is the religion of man, the core of religion is man, and talent is the purpose of religion. Religion is the theoretical and empirical principle of the relationship between man and god. Perfect religion is the unity of truth and freedom, of individual freedom and universal spirit, of man, god and law. The core problem of Hegel's religious philosophy is how to become a free man, how to get rid of the bondage of pure nature and unify nature and spirit, god is only the spiritual manifestation of human. The essence of spirit is man's thinking and knowledge, and only spirit can know its own essence. This knowledge is self-consciousness, and god is the object of thinking and the reality with the help of thinking. Spirit is the common essential attribute of man and god, and the unity of man and god must be substantiated by the universal spiritual attribute, which is law and ethics.

Hegel regards religion as the highest stage of the spirit, in the true religion, is the unity of man and god, man is the man of god, god also must be god, the god of man, people only in god as a pure spirit, will get rid of a natural external any bondage, freed from the external limitations, will become a real universality and get the real freedom. The essence of religion is spirit, and the nature of spirit is freedom. It grows by its own understanding and production. It is the universality of self-sufficiency, autonomy and self-sufficiency. The communion between man and god lies in the fact that both are free and spiritual in nature. The difference between the two is that man is an incomplete spiritual being and god himself is not realistic. Human also has the nature attribute, human is gradually overcomes its nature attribute and approaches the divine free realm, therefore in the spiritual freedom aspect, the god is the human model and the ideal schema. People need god to guide them, and god needs people to show themselves, so people and god are naturally one. Religion is the most perfect state of the spirit and the realization of spiritual ideals. Religion has solved all the mysteries of the spirit, and all conflicts, pains and prejudices have disappeared, leaving only ideals, truth, tranquility and peace. As a spiritual being, man has freedom of thought, and his purpose is happiness, peace and the realization of ideals. Therefore, religion is the best existence of spirit, which is consistent with the ideal of man and religion. All human dreams can be found in religion. Religion is a kind of sustenance and expression of human dreams. People want to find their dignity and value in god.

In religion, there are not only gods but also human beings. Religion has various relations between gods and human beings, and the relationship between human beings and gods is the eternal theme of religion. In religion, the spirit is absolutely free and itself is the ultimate goal. As the absolute freedom, the spirit is no longer controlled by the other, gets rid of the dependence on the other, is no longer a limited thing, gets rid of all limitations, and finally realizes the self-freedom. The self is the core subject in religion. The self appears as a purpose and exists as a subject struggling against it. In religion, the self is the object of god's concern, and the mission of religion is to transform the limited self into an infinite being. Therefore, the self is the purpose of religion, and religion exists for me. Without me as the purpose, religion will lose the premise and significance of existence. In religion, I am the agent, I am the subject of thought, while god is infinite, and it is through thought that I can show myself. Therefore, my thought is the external carrier of religion, and the will of god should be comprehended and grasped through my thought, and then it can be displayed in reality. I am both the end and the means of god, so that I and god are mutually integrated. I am finite and infinite, the unity of opposites between subjective consciousness and universal thought. The supreme rule of the spirit is the realization of the unity of the self and him, of the subjective consciousness and the objective universality, of the theory and reality of the subject and object. God, as the idea, is a subject to an object, and an object to a subject. The ultimate goal of religion is to realize the unity of man and god.

Hegel believed that the highest form of religion is philosophical religion, and the last form of philosophical religion is the free spirit of law and ethics. Philosophy needs to prove for religion, and religion itself cannot prove itself, but only through philosophical thinking and spirit to testify for spirit. The biggest misunderstanding of Hegel's religious philosophy is that he treats philosophy as the servant of religion. Hegel's philosophy of religion is not intended to devalue philosophy, but to enhance its spiritual character. Hegel attributed both religion and art to philosophy. Religion needs philosophy to prove and explain, otherwise religion will lose its existence. Religion can only be systematized and realized with the help of philosophy. Philosophy is a means of proof of the idea, "and then philosophy shows it in its absolute activity, in its creation; This is the way in which the absolute becomes itself, becomes spiritual, and god is the result of philosophy. Philosophy takes only what is there as its object of thought, and it does not think of what is visible and purely natural. Hegel's religion is not a specific religion, let alone a false religion, but a real religion, a religion as an absolute spirit. God is the result of the proof of philosophical thinking, so that man is the real creator of god, and not god created man.

"Generally speaking, religion is the ultimate and highest state of the human consciousness, whether it be consciousness of opinion, of will, of imagination, of knowledge, or of knowledge, the absolute end, to which one turns as one turns to the field of absolute truth." Religion is a kind of idealization of spirit and absolute spirit. People get sublimation in religion, and get spiritual enlightenment and guidance from religious ideas. In religion, god, as the spiritual freedom and truth, has achieved the absolute unity, while man, as the spirit, should also have the essence and ability of this freedom, and finally achieve the unity of absolute freedom and truth, and the unity of subjectivity and universality. God is a kind of idealized spirit, and this kind of spiritual rationality is grasped and displayed through thinking. Moreover, god also needs to be shown as phenomena and become objective and external things, and infinity also needs to be reflected by finiteness. The universal and highest spirit, ultimately, must manifest in the person's own, manifests the human kind, the justice and the legal system and so on. In this way, religion and philosophy, god and man have realized the unity of ideas, which also means the unity of human deification and humanization of god, namely the integration of man and god. "God is the Lord of the natural world and of the spiritual realm, the absolute harmony of them and the creator and implementer of this harmony. There is no lack of ideas and concepts, no lack of manifestation, no lack of being. But this aspect itself must also be understood in thought. God is the master of nature and spirit, but god also needs philosophy to be idealized and substantiated. Obviously, philosophy and religion are not in opposition. "Thought is the elevation from the circumscribed to the absolute universal, and religion is merely thought and in thought. God is not the highest feeling, but the highest thought; Even if he is reduced to an image, the content of that image still belongs to the realm of thought. We should distinguish true religion from false religion, ideal religion from real religion, and realize the reconciliation between true religion and false religion. Not all religions are true religions, so it is necessary to distinguish between true and false religions, as well as between ideal religions and empirical religions. The essence of religion is universality, and religion is also a growing spirit, which also needs to go through a growing process from imperfection to gradual maturity. Before reaching the final absolute state of mind, religion is a special thing. Therefore, as the spirit of grasping and displaying thoughts, religion must go through the process of evolution from the lower level to the higher level. Thus, there are two religious states: one is the religion as the absolute essence, and the other is the religion as an empirical phenomenon. The former is the absolute infinite spirit, while the latter is the finite spirit. The absolute spirit must go through the finite spirit, which is the potential absolute spirit and the growth stage of the absolute spirit.

Man observes his own essence in god and understands his truth through god. God is a mirror of man. "a man's image of god corresponds to his image of himself, of his freedom. "When a man truly knows god, he truly knows himself. The essence of god is spirit, and god is understood and defined by people. When people understand god, they are understanding themselves. As the spirit, god is free. By getting rid of all external limitations and dependence, man can achieve the absolute freedom and state of mind. The spirit is the absolute freedom to know its own essence, and the spirit is the thing to know itself. This knowledge must pass through a certain form, and break this form, and finally achieve complete freedom. Apocalyptic religion, which is fully revealed by self-consciousness, religion, as a spirit, is different from the mystery in human consciousness, and has transitioned from the past covered state to the fully open state.

Pantheism, which regards everything in the world as god, will eventually lead to atheism, and at the same time to spiritual emptiness. The real religion is mainly to adjust the relationship between man and god as a spiritual being. I am in a state of sensation, where there is a non-self as opposed to me, an other who denies me, and I am in a state of conflict with the other. Reflection is to distinguish me from the other and to think abstractively about the other. Thinking is to think abstractively about the other as an object. In meditation, I take god as a universal and infinite being, and I as a finite being, not only taking god as the object of my consciousness, but at the same time I begin to return to myself from god's thoughts. Through meditation, god has become an idea, and man is the spiritual base of all spirits, the experiencer, witness and interpreter of all spirits. Spiritual people have to prove for spiritual god, and such proof is not only reflected in religious thoughts, but also testifies for god through law and ethics. Such proof also has a dual purpose, that is, man is both god and himself.

"The finite is the essential link of the infinite in god's nature; It may be said that god himself, by making himself finite, has made the determinations his own. When god created the world, he set himself as a definite finite. I had set myself as finite, and god knew me as infinite, but now god is finite and I am infinite, and there is a role reversal. "In the 'I', in the self of the finite, which sublates the finite, god returns to himself, and god exists only as such return. Without the world, god would not be god. Man, as the finite, overcomes his own finitude, and becomes an infinite being as god. In this way, man overcomes his own subjectivity and falseness, and no longer regards god as an other that is opposite to himself, but as a universal that is consistent with himself. "Reason is the soil on which religion exists in itself. The basic stipulation is the recognition attitude of consciousness; It is nothing but the negation of negation, existing as a sublation of itself by means of the opposing rules, which in reflection are regarded as constant. The soil of religion, then, is this reasoner, or rather, this thinker. The manifestation of god is mainly through the object of consciousness, through the manifestation to oneself and the manifestation to the other. Religion can only be verified from reality, and ethics is the reality of religion. "only according to ethics and from ethics, can the concept of god be known as the spirit of freedom.

The connection between human beings and animals is that both of them have the form of feeling, while what makes human beings higher than animals is their spirituality and thoughts. "all thinkers based on human beings can be endowed with the form of feeling. However, law, freedom and ethics are rooted in the higher functions of man. This function also makes man not an animal, but a spirit. The things of law, liberty, and ethics are the spiritual products of thought; they also take the form of feeling, but their essence is spirit. This is the sacredness of human being. Human beings possess the sacred self-consciousness, the ability to recognize the essence of self and the ability to shape themselves. Thinking is knowing that you are free and not forced by others, but thinking is not without authority and rules, and thinking must be based on your own rules. Religion is not incompatible with human law and morality. Human law and morality can be derived from religion, but the religion here is not a fake religion, but a religion as an absolute spirit. Natural law is from religious revelation, the source of the natural law as the reason of god, and the nature to the traditional natural law as a rational, moral, the rational moral law is the law of god, natural law is a kind of eternal law, and obtain the objectivity of the self-evident, sanctity and orientation, become a reality method of standard.

"The essential object of the church's punishment is the correction and conversion of the punished. This ethical, and especially religious, sense of punishment is bound to be lost at this stage. In this sense, civil and state law are, in general, equivalent to religious law. The law of the state is the law of liberty, premised on human nature and human dignity, but actually subordinate to the will; At the same time, the category of random and ambiguous events remains. Religion has the same function as law and ethics, both for the purpose of educating people. It is also to correct wrongs by corresponding punishment to wrongs, and to urge wrongs to abandon evil and promote good. Moreover, law and ethics are based on human essence and dignity, while the essence of religion makes people become subjects with self-dignity, and the premise of this kind of human dignity is the freedom of being good. As the absolute spirit of the country must be reflected through the limited law, law is just a growth link of the country, at the same time, the country can not leave the law to show its essence. "The subjectivity of liberty arises in religion, and in the peoples on which these religions are based, and we identify it chiefly in terms of whether the universal law, the law of liberty, the law, and the ethics, have become fundamental determinations, and have come to dominate the lives of nations." The law is often shown by the help of god and in the name of god. Religion is often the form of law, and both religion and law are the embodiment of human freedom and the essential stipulation of human beings. Religion is also understand national concept and the sanctity of a path, country and god is in essence the identity of truth and freedom, both is the holy spirit to create his own, and therefore countries the god of the secular, is your protector, "people have to ask in the country, both countries should be a kind of rationality, country was created for the spirit to the world." "One must therefore venerate the state as a terrestrial deity." In a word, the essence of human and the essence of god are both spirits. Religion is the highest form of people's freedom of thought. Law and ethics are the products of spirit and the reality of freedom. He is the spirit in itself, and the truth is in it - only the truth should lead to its consciousness. Religion, like ethics, law and the state, is universal, just and free. It is created by man for himself as a spiritual being and the highest spiritual form of man as a free being. The so-called religions that are different from human freedom are all false or even evil religions. The laws that deviate from human freedom are only evil laws.

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Essay写作中的Summarizing

​Summarizing，就是总结的意思。很多留学生在写作essay的时候，很容易会犯两种错误，一种是不能总结别人的观点，要么引用别人的原话，要么总结不到位，产生歧义；另一种是全篇都在引用别人的观点。这两种错误，只要出现一个，对essay的影响都是很大的。合理的Summarizing，应该是对别人的观点进行概括，并且主题和自己的观点紧密联系，下面就给大家讲解一下。

Put yourself in their shoes

一个好的总结，读者在读你总结的时候，是看不出来你是同意还是反对你总结的观点的。Peter Elbow 提出了“Believing Game”这个概念，即抛开自己个人观点，100%进入你想要总结的视角中去弄明白他们的观点和理由。我们来看下面的一个总结：

David Zinczenko's article, 'Don't Blame the Eater,' is nothing more than an angry rant in which he accuses the fast-food companies of an evil conspiracy to make people fat. I disagree because these companies have to make money...

如果你去看原文的话，你会看到，David Zinczenko的语调（tone）并没有angry，所以上面的总结就是扭曲了原作者的观点。另外，上面的总结只用了一句话，然后马上开始写自己的评价，这也有点仓促，好的总结应该能够进一步告诉读者你所总结的观点的理由是什么，这样读者可以自己去判断那个观点是否成立，这样的总结才让你显得更加公正。

当然，在很多自然和社会科学论文中，在总结别人观点的时候，往往用一句话带过（特别是在文献综述中）：

Several studies (Crackle, 2012; Pop, 2007; Snap, 2006) suggest that these policies are harmless; moreover, other studies (Dick, 2011; Harry, 2007; Tom, 2005) argue that they even have benefits. (这边用的是APA的引用格式)

如果你在总结别人观点的时候，不能抛开自己的 beliefs，往往会让自己的assumption 先入为主，这样，你总结出来的观点很有可能就会是你想要总结出的那个观点，而不是原文作者的观点。

Know where you are going

虽然说，总结别人观点的时候要忠实原文作者的观点，但这并不意味着完全抛弃自己的观点。在保证正确总结的前提下，你要学会让你总结的内容为你接下来要发表的观点做铺垫。这就是我开篇讲的，选择和你观点相关的点针对性的进行总结。所以自己写完第一稿之后，一定要看下，“They say”和“I say”的点是不是match的！

如果没有针对性的总结，你总结出来的东西往往会是“list summaries,”就是简单的把作者的观点一点点罗列下来，这样是很没有重心的，大家可以看下面这个典型的例子：

The author says many different things about his subject. First he says.... Then he makes the point that.... In addition he says.... And then he writes.... Also he shows that... And then he says....

例外

一般情况下，完美的总结应该是公平总结别人的相关观点+该观点的理由+引出自己的观点，但是，有的时候，为了去批评别人的观点，往往会讽刺性地去总结别人的观点，这样的总结，不需要你多做评论，别人观点的问题就不攻自破，现在很多 Daily Show 都是这样，举个例子：911之后，布什总统在一次国会讲话中说，为了让美国尽早从911的伤痛中恢复，全国人民应该 “continued participation and confidence in the American economy.”著名记者Allan Sloan把布什总统的话做了如下总结，他认为总统将“patriotism” 和 “shopping” 等同起来了，“Maxing out your credit cards at the mall wasn't self indulgence, it was a way to get back at Osama bin Laden.” 这样讽刺味十足的总结，无需多言，就能明白 Sloan 对布什的话的批评了。

用学术信号动词

在介绍总结的时候，不要老是用 “she says” 'they discuss' 这些不是很学术的动词，一定要用非常生动、准确的词来引导，这样的词有哪些呢？

Verbs for making a claim: argue, assert, believe, claim, emphasize, insist, observe, remind us, report, suggest

Verbs for expressing agreement: acknowledge, admire, agree, endorse, extol, praise, celebrate the fact that, corroborate, do not deny, reaffirm, support, verify

Verbs for questioning or disagreeing: complain, complicate, contend, contradict, deny, deplore the tendency to, qualify, question, refute, reject, renounce, repudiate

Verbs for making recommendations: advocate, call for, demand, encourage, exhort, implore, plead, recommend, urge, warn

最后介绍几个引出总结或者引用的句型结构：

1. She advocates a radical revision of the juvenile justice system.

2. They celebrate the fact that .

3. , he admits.

以上就是关于Summarizing的写作讲解，其实Summarizing并不难写，只要同学们多花时间练习，想必是没什么问题的。

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Paper代写：Design of Green Building

​本篇paper代写- Design of Green Building讨论了绿色建筑的设计。随着经济的发展，绿色环保意识越来越得到大家的重视了。绿色建筑设计，已经成为了未来建筑设计的发展趋势。绿色建筑的设计要注重创新与发展，结合当地的气候、地形地貌、风俗习惯等多种元素去设计。在设计过程中要注重以近年的经济水平为基础，切勿奢侈铺张，要顾全整体，满足居民的消费需求，将绿色环保理念融入建筑的整体。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

With the development of China's economy, green awareness of environmental protection has become more and more important. The green architectural design, becomes the future development trend of the architectural design, is the development object which the construction enterprise invests vigorously. Green building design has many advantages, which is beneficial to improve the economic benefit of buildings. However, in view of the current development situation, Green architectural design theory will bring us more opportunities and challenges. This paper mainly analyzes the importance of green design, design principles and feasibility, for the construction workers to grasp the green building design to provide reference to actively implement the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection.

With the development of economy, the process of urbanization in China is speeding up, although the green building design is the focus, we should not devote too much energy to saving and environmental protection, but should pay attention to the overall design of the building. The green design of the building should pay attention to the innovation and development, and the performance and cost of the green building are easily influenced by the overall design of the building, so the design of the building should combine with the local climate, topography, customs, cultural level and economy. Therefore, in the design process should pay attention to the economic level in recent years, not extravagant extravagance, to save the whole, to meet the needs of residents, the concept of green environmental protection into the overall architecture.

The design of green building can not only improve the reputation of enterprises, maintain the image of the enterprise, enlarge the publicity, improve the competitiveness of the market, but also help to improve the living standard of the residents and provide a good living environment for the residents. The concept of green architectural design is a response to the national environmental protection policy, and it is the driving force for enterprise development. and the harmonious development of human and society, man and nature is the important content of the national sustainable development strategy. Green Building is the concept of green environmental protection in architectural design, environmental protection construction, energy-saving construction. This concept of national policy-building will not only be supported and helped by the state and government, but also enhance the visibility and competitiveness of enterprises in the industry. At the same time, the adoption of environmental protection design concept or enterprises to reduce the cost of construction, improve economic efficiency of the effective way.

The principle that should be followed in the construction of green building is to adapt to local conditions, and to imitate other designs blindly. Regions and regions not only have different topography and geologic structure, but also differ in climate. Because of the limitation of topography and geologic structure, the architectural design in different areas will be very varied in layout, area, height and so on. Combined with climate differences and other regional conditions, green design should be able to maximize the area of land conservation. As far as possible natural lighting and ventilation, passive heat and refrigeration, so as to reduce the lighting, ventilation, heating, air-conditioning caused by energy consumption and pollution.

In particular, green architectural design should pay attention to the choice of materials, generally choose the production of low energy consumption materials and near the destination of materials, in addition to consider the utilization of building materials, the general choice of higher utilization of materials. This will not only reduce the construction materials in the transmission process of energy consumption and pollution, and can effectively achieve the purpose of energy saving. In the process of architectural design, we should also pay attention to the use of building materials and structural safety problems above.

Make full use of natural resources and make full use of solar energy to design dwellings. Light-heat conversion is the direct method for human to collect sunlight energy. The conversion device is basically divided into two types: flat-plate collector and concentrating collector. As a result, sunlight can be directly shot on the black rough surface to heat the design of solar residential, in addition to the use of mirrors or lens condenser to generate heat principle, on the roof of the hot plate made of thin metal, when the hot plate heat, the light became hot. When the air flows under the heat-collecting plate, it can take the heat away. When necessary, can be passed through the air duct, to the room to warm. Another advantage of Solar house is photoelectric conversion. is through the photoelectric equipment, the solar energy directly into electricity. The most common photoelectric device is the silicon battery. The principle is that the silicon crystal materials in the light of the release of electrons, which is the photoelectric effect.

In order to have the flexibility of the principle of green building design, architects should anticipate in advance that the users may make different demands. Therefore, the design of the building should be able to change according to user requirements. At the same time, designers can use the flexibility of design, not only to reduce the material consumption of buildings, energy waste, environmental pollution, improve the overall utilization of the building resources and use efficiency, but also to extend the service life of the building.

The selection of materials is a complex problem, regardless of what kind of material will be a certain degree of adverse impact on the environment. Therefore, designers need to consider the physical properties, chemical properties and economic benefits of the materials comprehensively and comprehensively.

The actual situation shows that the green building design is feasible. It can effectively reduce energy consumption, meet market demand, provide people with a healthy living environment, to prevent the pollution of life.

Green Architectural Design focuses on the reduction of energy consumption, the architect will generally consider ways to adapt to local conditions, so as to determine the layout of buildings, shape of the building and the size of the coefficient, surface area coefficient, interior design and other matters. In the construction process of green building, building materials such as doors and windows, roofs, walls, interior and exterior walls are the important content of material consumption, so the construction should be in the process of site selection, graphic design, material selection and so on. The main purpose of green building is to use the most environmentally friendly, saving materials to build efficient space.

Architects usually make humane considerations in the process of green building design, especially in people's health. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's health consciousness, it also promotes the development of green environmental protection of architectural design. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of consumers, green building to pursue the use of healthy materials for people to create a healthy living environment.

Today, the real estate industry is a hot industry, the green building concept into the real estate construction industry, can effectively open up new markets. Especially in the modern society, which is more and more demanding on the quality of life, this is an effective way to help enterprises to develop new markets. In the current real estate market only a rise in housing prices, the new real estate policy has been delayed, consumers are committed to high consumption in exchange for high-quality housing. At this time, the introduction of green architectural design attracted the attention of consumers, and again stimulated the vitality of the market. In order to meet consumer demand for environmental protection, energy-saving consumption, but also improve the economic efficiency of enterprises. The structure system of general green architectural design is mainly horizontal structure system, which consists of plate, beam and net frame. The advantage of this design is that in the vertical direction, the bending and deformation of the member can withstand the vertical load of the floor or roof, in the horizontal direction, can play the role of the clapboard, thus maintaining the vertical structure of stability. In addition, there are vertical structure system and basic structure system. The horizontal structural system of green buildings is shown in Figure 1:

The most notable problem in green building design is to prevent the pollution of rubbish, which seriously endangers the consumer's physical and mental health. The basic requirement of green architecture is to ensure the health of users. Saving is important, but it cannot be premised on sacrificing the health of users. Green Building Design is the use of green materials to reduce environmental pollution. Garbage disposal, the establishment of waste treatment system which can recycle rubbish and refuse bins, garbage disposal system of food waste and non-food waste bin, and the establishment of central vacuum system in the building, also reduce energy waste of ordinary household vacuum cleaner and two dust pollution. At present, there are many new building materials with high performance, low material consumption, good durability and other advantages, it is worth choosing. Green building design can reduce the use of non-renewable resources. A building is not an independent entity, it forms a unified organic whole with the surroundings. In the construction process, green buildings not only reduce the damage to the environment, but also can optimize the environment, so as to achieve the best environmental benefits. Generally use a variety of greening methods, such as ecological green space, wall greening, roof greening, and so on, the flowers, grass, trees, shrubs and other reasonable allocation. In a word, in the process of green building design, the principles of rational use of terrain, greening environment, environmental pollution reduction, protection of natural environment and social ecological environment are adhered to.

To sum up, with the improvement of China's economic development level, environmental pollution problems are increasingly serious, all kinds of pollution problems plaguing the lives of residents. Therefore, in order to give the human being a good living environment, it is necessary to implement the Green Action Plan on the building. Joint efforts to build green buildings, green communities, green cities, and jointly establish the concept of environmental protection, common building a harmonious society, the realization of the sustainable development of human society is the bounden duty of everyone. Therefore, we should use renewable resources as far as possible, choose recyclable, recyclable and renewable building materials to achieve harmony between man and nature.

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Essay代写：The impact of Britain's successful brexit on China

​下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The impact of Britain's successful brexit on China，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国成功脱欧对中国的影响。英国成功脱欧，无疑会弱化英国作为中欧联系的桥梁、纽带作用，将迫使中国转移部分对英国的投资，促使已在英投资企业被动调整经营战略。另外，脱欧也会影响中欧贸易、投资谈判进度，其原本对欧盟决策的影响力将大打折扣，短期内中国与欧盟的谈判进度或受影响。

The impact of brexit on the UK, the eu and the global economy has been widely discussed. Moody's and fitch have made it clear that they will downgrade Britain's sovereign credit rating in the event of brexit. Because this move will have a negative impact on Britain's trade, investment and labor market, threatening economic growth. For China, although brexit did not directly impact China, it will inevitably affect China due to the close links between China and the UK, central Europe and even the UK and the eu in trade, finance and other fields.

"Brexit" will weaken the role of the UK as a bridge and link between China and the eu. Britain is one of the main Bridges for China to enter the European market, and it plays a unique role in both politics and economy. For example, the first European country to join the Asian infrastructure investment bank, the first western developed country to cooperate with China in the development of nuclear power projects, has always actively supported China's free market economy status and served as an important platform for the internationalization of RMB. To some extent, Britain has promoted and deepened China's cooperation and development in the region more actively than other European countries. Therefore, China prefers a united Europe to a divided one, especially a lose-lose situation in which both sides are weakened by the "brexit". Therefore, in the event of "brexit", the influence of the UK in the region and the world will be affected in the short term, and its role as a bridge and link between China and Europe will decline. In this case, China will have to adjust its strategy to adapt to the new environment.

Brexit would force China to shift some of its investment into the UK. In recent years, China's investment in the UK has gradually expanded in depth and breadth, such as the purchase of shares in barclays, bp, weetabix, Anglo American, Thames water, heathrow and Manchester airports. CGN has invested 6 billion pounds in and participated in the construction of hinkley point nuclear power project in the UK. China is expected to invest $150bn in UK infrastructure by 2025, according to international law firm pincus mason. If the UK leaves the eu, China is expected to scale back its long-term investment in the UK because it will no longer have access to eu markets through the UK. At the same time, it is believed that other countries will take similar actions based on the same considerations.

"Brexit" will prompt companies that have invested in the UK to adjust their business strategies passively. Chinese companies' investments in the UK generally fall into the following categories: first, investment banking securities, power, energy and infrastructure construction; Second, the acquisition of British enterprises including brands; Third, it set up its headquarters in the UK to sell products to the European market. Fourth, set up a research and development center in the UK, similar to huawei. Therefore, if the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, the "single market" channel that could be Shared will disappear, and the trade, movement of people, financial flows and other things that used to use the United Kingdom as a springboard to face the European Union will no longer be as free and smooth as before. Many Chinese companies are expected to change their uk-oriented, european-oriented business strategies and may relocate their headquarters to other eu member states.

"Brexit" will affect the process of RMB internationalization. Over the years, China and the UK have enjoyed close, rich and unique cooperation in the financial field. In particular, the UK has made positive contributions to the internationalization of the RMB. In 2013, the UK became the first western developed country to sign a currency swap agreement with the people's bank of China. In October 2014, the UK became the first foreign government to issue RMB government bonds, and RMB was included in the UK's foreign exchange reserves for the first time. At present, the London stock exchange has launched 35 kinds of RMB bonds, and RMB foreign exchange trading has increased six times in the past four years. In 2014, the overall foreign exchange trading volume increased by 143% year on year, and the average daily trading volume reached 61.5 billion us dollars. RMB deposits in London reached 20 billion yuan at the end of 2014. The UK has played an important role in leading the innovation of RMB products, facilitating the inclusion of RMB into SDR, promoting the RMB to become a reserve currency and promoting the internationalization of RMB. Andrew bailey, deputy governor of the bank of England, has said London would lose its right to remain a global financial centre without the eu. Therefore, if the UK leaves the eu, London's status as one of the world's top financial centers may be challenged, which will have some impact on the internationalization of RMB.

"Brexit" will affect the progress of china-eu trade and investment negotiations. The eu is now China's largest trading partner. In terms of exports, the eu is China's second largest export economy. In 2015, China exported us $356 billion to the eu, including us $59.6 billion to the UK, accounting for 16.7%, only second to Germany. In terms of imports, the eu is China's largest import economy. In 2015, China imported 208.9 billion us dollars from the eu, including 18.9 billion us dollars from the UK, accounting for 9%. In terms of trade balance, China had a surplus of 147.1 billion us dollars with the eu in 2015. At present, China and the eu are negotiating free trade and investment agreements. Within the eu, the UK has been actively supporting and promoting the process of trade liberalization between China and the eu. Therefore, after brexit, the original influence of the UK on eu decision-making will be greatly reduced, and the above negotiation progress between China and the eu may be affected in the short term.

The only impact is likely to impact the currency exchange rate of Asian countries. If the United Kingdom successfully leaves the European Union, it will cause a severe depreciation of the pound, which will lead to the withdrawal of funds in Asia and risk aversion, leading to the devaluation of the currency exchange rate of some Asian countries due to a large number of capital outflows. As a rule of thumb, the Malaysian dollar and the Indonesian dong will be hit hardest.

Second, the impact on China will not be huge. Unlike Greece, which is in poor economic condition and heavily in debt, Britain is more likely to leave the eu in order to get rid of the "burden". Britain's economy has outperformed most of the eu in recent years. The latest GDP figures, for example, show that Britain's GDP grew by 2% a year, compared with 1.7% in the eu. In addition, the UK has to pay billions of pounds of membership dues to the eu every year, and many economic and financial policies are restricted by the eu, so it is not only necessary to pay money but also uncomfortable. Brexit may be more self-interested.

Especially in the financial sector, since many of Britain's financial sector in the European Union which, perhaps can be obtained due to take off the loosening, and strengthen cooperation with the UK and China recently years, in the past few years, the British sovereign bonds, the world's first western renminbi issue and the people's bank President xi jinping during his state visit to the UK in 2015, in London for the first time issued 5 billion yuan bill. Coupled with the accelerated pace of internationalisation of the renminbi, London, the world's largest foreign exchange trading centre, is undoubtedly the best platform.

Under such circumstances, the UK's departure from the eu will, on the contrary, strengthen the further cooperation with China in the financial field, which is also in line with the "One Belt And One Road" policy communication, especially the concept of financing.

More importantly, if Britain leaves the "organization" and "goes it alone", it will make Britain more inclined to cooperate with China in a wider range. After all, a person who has been the "first brother" of the world knows better the mentality of the "second brother" who wants to pursue progress, which makes it easy for China and the UK to hit it off in many fields.

Since the United States has formulated the strategy of returning to the asia-pacific, China is faced with a sharp increase in the pressure on its surrounding environment, and it is urgent to find new partners to ease the economic and political pressure jointly exerted by the United States, Japan and other countries. Like China, the eu suffers from too much American intervention to reduce its autonomy in international trade. Under such circumstances, the eu has become an important strategic partner for China to cope with the pressure from America, and the UK is an important link for China to open the door of the eu.

Since 2015, trade between China and the UK has become more frequent, creating more and more common economic interests. In order to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results, the UK began to gradually transform its role in the eu into an important supporter and partner of China. For example, it vigorously lobbied the eu to recognize China's market economy status to help China achieve tariff reduction.

On top of that, the UK is also pushing hard for a china-eu free trade agreement. If the multi-billion dollar deal is signed, it will generate huge trade orders for China and help fully open up the European market. The successful implementation of the trade agreement may have a huge impact on the us-backed trans-atlantic trade and investment, and become an important measure for China to cope with the gradually tightening us policy towards China.

However, once the UK leaves the eu, China's strategic plan to strengthen cooperation with the eu through the UK will become extremely difficult. Britain's leaving the eu is no less than indirectly breaking the invisible cooperation bond between China and the eu, which makes China have to choose other ways to intensify the cooperation with the eu. Besides, the influence of various policies and trade laid down in the early stage is also likely to be greatly reduced and become a high sunk cost.

With nearly 500 million potential customers in the European market, China has a strong development prospect. However, after decades of development, the European market has become highly integrated, with its own mature market model and close cooperation between local brands, which has shut out many Chinese enterprises.

Faced with this situation, many Chinese enterprises choose the strategy of saving the country by a curve, breaking into the British market, which is relatively easy for Chinese enterprises, and then breaking into the European market based on it. Many Chinese companies have set up branches or even headquarters in the UK, hoping to gain preferential tariff policies from other eu countries through the links between the UK and the eu. In addition, many Chinese enterprises have extended their tentacles into the value manufacturing chain, expecting that the cooperation with the UK can expand the possibility of technology transfer between China, the UK and even the eu, and break down the trade barriers of high and sophisticated technologies established by the us and other countries, including some large enterprises.

If the UK votes to leave the eu, it will block the strategy of Chinese companies looking to break into European markets. Wang jianlin, China's richest man, once commented that Britain would lose a lot of trade and investment from Chinese companies if it left the eu. During a recent visit to the UK, he said Chinese companies might consider moving their European headquarters elsewhere if the UK left the eu. As he predicted, many Chinese companies have suspended negotiations on investment cooperation with the UK, waiting for the referendum result before making any further plans.

Now, the RMB has just joined the international monetary fund's monetary package, an important step in the internationalization of the RMB. China is promoting policies to settle trade in yuan with major trading partners, thereby consolidating and strengthening the yuan's international influence. The UK has been a big supporter of China in this regard - London has become the second-largest offshore renminbi clearing centre after Hong Kong.

London has always been the financial services hub of the European Union, which has greatly facilitated those financial companies headquartered in the UK. These are the equivalent of schengen, which has branches in other eu countries, and do not require re-registration in the target country. As a result, China USES London as an important base for the flow of yuan through European markets.

However, once the UK leaves the eu, this currency dividend will cease to exist, and the cost brought by the RMB strategy promoted by the UK in Europe will also be greatly increased. By contrast, the UK is no longer the best strategic partner to promote the internationalization of RMB.

On the whole, brexit will have some impact on china-uk and china-eu trade. If the UK stays in the eu, China can continue to step up cooperation as planned. However, after the UK leaves the eu, the UK and the eu will sign a "separation" agreement in various fields in the next two years, which will bring great instability to the economic operation. This means that China needs to re-formulate a more prudent strategy to promote the cooperation with the eu.

At that moment, when the final vote was counted and the leave vote was won by less than 4 percent, many britons did not even know what the result of the referendum meant to them and what it meant to Britain. More than three million people then petitioned for a "second referendum" to give them a chance to take brexit seriously again.

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