英文论文写作要求分析

每一年都有很多学生选择出国留学，在他们沉溺于外国文化，感受国外留学生活的同时，也要承受留学生涯的学习压力。相比于课堂上的学习，老师布置的英文论文作业难度更大。每一次的英文论文写作，对留学生来说都像大战一样，让他们身心疲惫。下面就给大家讲解一下英文论文的写作要求有哪些。

一、首端精彩

其重要的是要保持鲜明的层次感和极强的逻辑性，这两点是统一的，即在有逻辑性的基础上又有层次感。其重要的一点为：文献的总结回顾。一方面要把该领域内的结识对过去和现在的做好概括总结出来，达到完整度，特别是最新的进展和过去经典文献的引用。另一方面，文献的应用和数据的提供以及应用要准确。一旦数据出错就会导致论文的印象大大失分。

二、方法呈现过程完清楚的展现给读者看

其描述我们论文的方法呈现过程。这一过程的写作相对来说较为简单，但是需要注意的问题却不少，重要的在于其数据的完整性和科学性。特别对于一些理工科的留学生，可以按照实验对象、实验设备、实验材料以及实验数据的记录与分析等几个方面来完成组织。如果你最后的数据图表比较清楚或示意图比较漂亮的话，也可以让导师给你一些好的印象分。这里还是强调数据的完整性和科学性的描述，相信你的Methods内容就不会是大问题。

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三、结尾部分真实有效

一般这部分内容的呈现取决于文章的类型了，因为当你的文章中得出的结果的同时又进行了讨论，那么此时Results内容会和Discussion内容放在一起完成。反之，可能分开来进行书写。这部分内容的要求即：详实准确。详实就是要提供最为全面的分析结果，一切从你的文章中实践出来的结果中提炼出来给到你的导师，不要故意隐瞒或遗漏某些重要的结果。准确就是结果必须是要真实的。总之论文的结果部分一定是秉承真实有效的原则。

四、Discussion部分处理技巧

英文论文中要写好Discussion的内容，大概可以分2步走，第一步是：选择深入讨论分析的问题进行展开讨论，这是写好Discussion部分首先要面临的一个问题，需要遵循的就是一致性原则来做到。第二步是：对选中的问题按照层次从多个角度来进行讨论。

以上就是关于英文论文写作的基本要求，同学们一定要认真对待英文论文的写作，因为这些平时的作业也会影响到自己的成绩。

51due留学教育引领海外留学的风向标，打造最好的教育品牌，提供专业的留学生作业代写服务，我们为自己的品牌代言，不负留学生的期待。提供全方位的服务，包括essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写、留学生作业代写服务。

更多关于留学生作业代写的内容，点开主页栏目，即可快速获取论文代写相关资讯，如果各位有作业代写需求，可以咨询24小时客服QQ：800020041，为您详细解答。

essay写作中会经常犯哪些错

essay是英国大学最常见的论文作业形式，按道理讲，留学生应该完全能把essay给写好才对，但事实却并非如此。留学生在写作essay的时候，总是会不经意地犯错，这其实是因为同学们的中文写作思维已经根深蒂固了，会下意识地把它当成中文写作，从而犯错。当然，犯错了也不要紧，只要改正过来就行了。那么essay写作中都会经常犯哪些错呢？

运用过多的副词

小作者们经常会在句子当中运用多个副词叠加来修饰句子。

比如：She walked quickly and happily to the store.

虽然两个副词有不一样的意思，但我们建议学生们只用一个副词描述：

好一些的句子: She walked quickly to the store.

好一些的句子: She walked happily to the store.

小作者们可以选择用更加生动的动词来进行描述：

好一些的句子: She skipped quickly to the store. (Skipping 有快乐的意思)

好一些的句子: She dashed happily to the store. (Dashing 有速度快的意思）

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hot debate到底应该运用在哪里？

“hot debate.”可以运用在观点类文章写作中，从而来描述话题的争议性。但这个词汇更适合运用在新闻杂志上出现过的，关于政治或者社会问题的话题上。如果在社会日常生活中，大众并没有对这个话题进行广泛性讨论，那这个就不是hot debate，而是你自己的观点。

用法不合适的句子: There is a hot debate about whether reading fiction or nonfiction books is more enjoyable. (这更多是一个人的观点)

修改过的句子: There is a hot debate about whether students should study humanities like literature and art, or subjects like math and science. (这是一个在社会当中进行过广泛讨论的社会问题)

在发表关于个人观点的时候，其实更好的用法应该是使用“Some people wonder” or “Some people say.”这样的短语。

学生们可以尝试这样写: Some people wonder whether reading fiction or nonfiction books is more enjoyable.

或者

Some people say it is more enjoyable to read fiction books, while other people prefer nonfiction.

In和at的运用

在美式英语中，我们更多的讲 enrolled in a university，但study some subjects at; 或者毕业以后，working at。

错误的用法: I will study sociology in NYU.

错误的用法: I hope to work in Google after I graduate.

正确的用法: I will study sociology at NYU.

正确的用法：I hope to work at Google after I graduate.

Attracted to/Attracts me的不同用法

中国学生很喜欢用attract to来表明自己对某项东西的好奇心和喜爱，但在英语文学作品中，attract更多运用在对人有浪漫好感的情况下. 母语者更多使用interested in, intrigued by 或者 something piqued their interest来进行描述自己的好奇心和喜爱。

不太合适的表达: I am attracted to the rigorous science curriculum.

改正过后的表达: I am interested in the rigorous science curriculum.

用Attracted来描述一个物品尤为不适合。

不太合适的表达: UPenn attracts me with its outstanding research facilities.

改正过后的表达: UPenn piques my interest with its outstanding research facilities.

以上就是关于essay写作常犯错误分析，同学们一定要重视这些细节，别因为这些低级错误导致自己得分低。只要细节把握好了，写出高分essay不是梦！

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Paper代写：An Unforgettable Experience

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- An Unforgettable Experience，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讲述了作者一次难忘的经历。在一个夏天的下午，作者和朋友们在树林里玩耍的时候，发现了一只蝉。在作者抓捕它的过程中，与朋友们走散了。之后作者为了摆脱一条狗，也消耗掉所有的体力，只能在树底下等待父母。糟糕的是，后来又下起了倾盆大雨，寒冷的侵袭以及身心的疲惫，让作者昏睡过去。最后作者被父母找到了，但还是不幸患上了感冒，这次经历对于作者来说，就像是一场噩梦。

One summer afternoon, my friends and I played in the woods and we caught cicadas then. We moved around with the cries of the cicadas on our own and we took no notice of one another. I followed one cicada that flied from one tree to another and it kept flying to the next tree. Therefore I continued to go after it and I had walked for a long time chasing it. When I finally caught it, I could not find my friends nearby so that I immediately returned by the way I came. Unfortunately, I could not figure out the way I came and I tried many times toward different directions in order that I could find my friends. All turned out useless and I fidgeted like an ant on a hot pan, still walking in a fluster here and there.

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Suddenly, a dog ran into my sight and it drew nearer and nearer toward me. I had no choice but to run as fast as possible, hoping that I could get myself rid of that dog. Running so fast in the woods, I keeled over several times and I stood up in no time. In the end, I really freed myself from that dog while I ran out of steam at that moment. I rested under a tree because of no strength to go on any more, steeped in sweat.

Attacked by hunger, I decided to sleep as night fell so that I would not suffer from it. But I could not fall asleep due to my being bothered by hunger. I waited for my parents and I believed that they would search for me soon. I comforted myself that my parents would quickly detect my absence, leading to their coming to me right away. Unexpectedly, they did not reach me for long and tears rolled down my face unconsciously due to my increasing fear.

What was worse, it rained cats and dogs afterwards and this sudden rain wetted me all over. I scrunched myself in the corner under the tree and I cried even more fiercely. The invasions of coldness as well as the physical and mental fatigue made me fall asleep at last. I did not know what happened later on in that evening. When I woke up the second night, I found myself in the bed of my room and I breathed a sign of relief. My parents told me that they found me before dawn and I had got a cold when they discovered me, which was right why I enjoyed a very sound sleep in the daytime. What an unforgettable experience it is! I regard this experience as a nightmare.

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Paper代写：Personal Experience Related to Society

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Personal Experience Related to Society，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了社会现象。作者是一名美国留学生，在一次超市购物的中，作者遇到了一位有精神障碍的店员。由于店员的精神问题，导致他的服务做得不够好，结果让一位顾客非常不满意并指责了他。而其他人对待店员的态度却不一样，大家都非常理解店员并对他伸出了援手。这种经历让作者更多地思考社会和人与人之间的相互关系。

Before being admitted by university, I used to be an average student in my hometown China. I lived a normal life similar to most of the high school students. There were times when I experienced something special, however, I seldom thought about social phenomena at a deeper level. Whenever I met with some difficulties in life or in school, I could turn to my teachers and parents for guidance and help, thus I was unaware of some major issues like the gender problem, the race stereotypes, the ethnicity, sexual orientation or even the nationality issue.

All these have been changed since the first day in the United States. Being an overseas student here, everything around is completely new and strange to me. It is imaginable that I have met with a series of problems and different social phenomena here, which motivate me to think deeper about the society and the whole country. Therefore, I would like to share a meaningful experience with all of you. I think this experience should be described as complicated first, which is also heart touching. Personally, I have made some personal reflections after this experience about the social relationships.

I have made some friends here after coming to America. Some of the friends share similar hobbies and have similar personalities with me while some are opposite. I think Alice is my best friend. We often go to the supermarket to buy some daily products together. We would like to go to the Wal-Mart in most cases as it is near and convenient. More importantly, the goods there are rather cheap and of high quality.

It was a sunny afternoon. Alice and I went to Wal-Mart to go shopping. I wanted to buy some fruits and yogurt while Alice preferred to milk and snacks. Before paying the bills at the counter, all the things seemed to be fine. All the products were well arranged in a reasonable order. Customers were selecting products freely and cozily. After shopping, we chose a counter and lined up at the end of the queue. There were only four or five customers in front us, so we chatted happily. Then the behavior of the second customer caught our attention unexpectedly. It was a young man in his twenties. He was of medium height and build with a pair of glasses. There were two cashiers at the counter. One girl was collecting money and the other boy was packing things for customers. The young man urged the man clerk for several times as he had important things to do. The man clerk nodded his head and picked up everything carefully. Although the man clerk tried his best to pack the things, he was still unable to finish it as soon as possible. His action seemed to be slow but serious. The woman clerk explained to us that he was a green hand here with light mental disability and hoped that we could understand him and help him.

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But the young man kept complaining about his service. He pointed at the man clerk and asked whether he had the necessary ability of working in the supermarket. All of us were talking about the scene. The customer following him was an aged woman. She patted the young man on his back and told him never to say something like this. However, the young man was angry somehow and still kept urging the man clerk. The aged woman moved along a little bit and helped the man clerk to pack the things. To make matters worse, the man clerk spilled a bag of peas of the young man carelessly. Having seen this, the young man nearly shouted at the man clerk and asked him to leave the supermarket as it was a place for normal people. The man clerk came out of the counter, squatted down and picked up every pea for the customer, patiently and seriously. The following American like foreign couple paid their bills and seemed to leave. Their dignified and confused expressions indicated their dissatisfactory with what was happening. At the end of the queue, Alice also tried to persuade the young man to be peaceful and quiet. Surprisingly, the foreign couple returned to the counter with a set of mop and dustpan. The husband said nothing but used the mop to clean the ground for the supermarket. He did this without a word but more than carefully and thoroughly. After finishing it, he left the supermarket with his wife together. There was a deep frown on his face. At the same time, the aged woman had also finished packing the goods for the young man with the man clerk. She quickly handed the bags to the young man and asked him to leave the supermarket as soon as possible. She patted the young man once again and conveyed a meaning by her eyes as if telling him to be tolerant and generous. The young man finally left and the aged woman shook her head and said that young people could only know the deep feelings after becoming parents. During the process of the small conflict, all the customers were patient. Everyone looked at the man clerk kindly and affably. Some even comforted the man clerk by words or actions.

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The Indian music

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文-The Indian music，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了印第安人的音乐。印第安人的歌曲不仅仅是表达情感的方式，而且也融入了的不同社会活动中。对于典型的Chippewa歌曲来说，它的仪式功能比歌词更重要。在Chippewa音乐中另一个特殊的地方是鼓和声音都是独立的。而印第安土著演唱的歌曲没有固定的形式，几乎都是即兴创作的，所以来自大自然的灵感是土著音乐的一个重要因素。

1. Introduction

In this essay, several studies in the ethnomusicology will be analyzed in terms of research objectives, law of music, as well as the method to achieved objectivity. The analysis will be categorized into three groups, by the different approaches and the scopes of study. From the studies that specialize on specific characteristics of Indian aboriginal songs, to the ones that try to find a pattern for primitive music, and finally to studies that look at different cultures comparatively. It can also be seen that a rough geological order aligns with the categories.

2. Elements of Songs

The songs of Chippewa Indians in reservations in Minnesota is recorded and analyzed in a systematic way by Densmore (1910, 1). The songs of the Chippewa Indians are more than just vent for emotional expressions, but is also integrated in different social activities of the tribe. Interestingly, for a typical Chippewa song, the melody is considered more important than the lyrics despite its ceremonial functionalities (Densmore, 1910, 2). Like Fewkes, Densmore has also discovered the lack of a definite system and exactness in aboriginal Indian music. Another peculiar point in Chippewa music is that drum and vocal are separate and independent expressions in a piece (Densmore,1910, 6).

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Fewkes (1890, 687-691) has constructed an objective foundation of knowledge of Zuni Indian music through phonographs that recorded their songs, rituals and prayers. It is found that many of the songs sung by the Zuni Indians did not have a fixed form, but were improvised every year. Inspirations from the nature is an important factor in the aboriginal music. For example, some of the Zuni songs were originally imitations of the wind blowing down the fireplace or around the house,

More detailed studies on Indian music is done years after Fewkes, with Fillmore’s ten years’ experience in studying Indian songs. Despite the high degree of freedom in aboriginal music, Fillmore (1899, 297-304) has found that there are laws that determine the formation of aboriginal melodies. In fact, the western music and Indian music may have more in common than expected: the composition of a song, even a spontaneous one, follows the line of least resistance, which is found to be a chord line and harmonic line. Fillmore has also added his touch of historic views when he explored the origins of the songs, which can be traced back for hundreds, even thousands of years.

3. Attempts of Generalization

Groups of observational data is presented in the research of Densmore (1909, 3-12) to figure out how scales are formed in primitive music. Densmore tries to explore the process of development of primitive music and the contributing factors that shaped it into the pentatonic scale dominated status today. According to Densmore, the origin of music is the emotional needs of men to communicate with each other. Through time, different melodic trends were established for different cultures, which then developed into the uniqueness of different primitive music styles.

Some of the general characteristics of Indian music is summarized in the studies by Densmore, (1927, 77). From the utilitarian perspective, the songs of the Iroquois Indians are categorized into seven groups: Cabalistic, Religious, Historical, War, Mourning, Love, and Social. This again shows that the songs are closely related to every aspect of the life of the Indians. In terms of pitches, a typical male vocalist covers two octaves. Different from the neighboring tribes, here is no love songs or historical songs in Iroquois music, which shows that each tribe maintains a high level of cultural identity closely tied to music expressions.

Further generalizations of the data are possible based on the previous studies of song from specific Indian tribes. Nettl (1954, 36-42) has concluded that there exist six Indian musical areas in the North America continent, which roughly coincide with the cultural areas geographically. By connecting the evidence and data and looking at the big picture, the author is able to establish a holistic view of the Indian music in the continental scale. It is also noted that none of the musical areas stands detached with the surrounding ones, each with certain level of connection and interactions with the neighboring areas, which makes the result more realistic and reliable.

4. Successes of the Comparative Approach

The research of Ellis (1885, 485-491) focuses on the scale of music, which is defined to be the number of pitches used in a typical piece of music or instrument. Also, the law to find the relative pitch in a scale to establish a system of ratios, that is regarded as the distinctive property of music from different cultures. It is complicated to grasp a whole picture of all the nations studied, even those in Europe, the variations are far too great to be generalized. Heptatonic scales, which mostly consist of seven notes, are prevalent in Europe, Arabia and India. The other type of scales is the five-note pentatonic, which is found in Java, South Pacific, China and Japan.

Von Hornbostel approaches the problem of ethnomusicology through promotion of the comparative method (1905, 249-260). He addresses the importance of the unbiased way to study music from “primitive” cultures, instead of drawing conclusions from their own perspectives only. The problem is further complicated by the correlation between sensation and affect. Despite those difficulties, Von Hornbostel has successfully spotted the key point of comparative musicology, which is the determination of interval sizes. He has also found that in addition to cultures from Asia, many of the European countries also use pentatonic in their ethic music, such as Scotland, Wales and Lithuania.

Through the similarities of musical characteristics, the path of cultural migration can be traced.On the south-east coast of Africa, xylophone used by the local Chopi aboriginals has a seven-note scale, which is the exact same scale arrangement in Siam (Jones, 1960, 36-47). In addition, a different tuning of xylophones used by the Javanese is shared by the BaGanda people in Uganda, who are thousands of miles apart. These evidences point to the conclusion that the Indonesians once sailed to and settled on the East Coast of Africa.

5. Conclusions

The above analysis has shown the path of development in ethnomusicology, from the initial difficulties in documentation and identification, to the later establishment of a systematic way to record data and define the musical elements. Looking at primitive music without stereotyping, there are many characteristics shared by music from different cultures, such as the scale patterns and the preference from harmonic structures. Overall, the path of and pattern of distribution of music perfectly align with the cultural characteristics and activities, which creates new perspectives for the studies of both ethnomusicology and culture.

6. References:

Densmore, Frances. 1909. Scale Formation in Primitive Music. American Anthropologist 11 (1): 1-12.

Densmore, Frances. 1910. Chippewa music.

Densmore, Frances. 1927. The Study of Indian Music in the Nineteenth Century. American Anthropologist 29 (1): 77-86.

Ellis, Alexander John. 1885. On the Musical Scales of Various Nations.

Fewkes, Jesse Walter. 1890. On the Use of the Phonograph Among the Zuni Indians. The American Naturalist, Vol. 24, No. 283 (Jul., 1890), pp. 687-691

Fillmore, John Comfort. 1899. The Harmonic Structure of Indian Music.

Jones, A. M. 1960. Indonesia and Africa: The Xylophone as a Culture-indicator. African Music 2 (3): 36-47.

Nettl, Bruno, 1954. North American Indian Musical Styles. United States.

Von Hornbostel, E. 1905. Die Probleme der vergleichenden Musikwissenschaft. Zeitschrift für Internationale Musikgesellschaft 7:85-97.

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