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北美作业代写:International economic sovereignty

2018-07-27 18:10:24 | 日記
下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- International economic sovereignty,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了国际经济主权。经济主权,指的是各国对全部财富,自然资源享有永久主权,包括拥有权、使用权和处置权;还包括各国对本国内部和本国对外的一切经济事务,享有完全充分的独立自主的权利,不受任何外来干涉。在国际政治格局多元化和世界经济一体化的发展进程中,国家主权这一象征体现出各个国家独立和发展的最高利益受到了前所未有的冲击和挑战。

In the international political landscape diversity and the development of world economic integration process, the national sovereignty purves acknowledges in the best interest of the national independence and develop by the unprecedented impact and challenge, national sovereignty and economic development has become a pair of contradictory unity, how to promote the country's economic development and to keep and maintain the stability of national sovereignty, is facing the developing countries an imminent dilemma. This paper tries to make a preliminary discussion on this problem.

Economic sovereignty refers to the permanent sovereignty over all wealth and natural resources, including ownership, right to use and right to dispose. It also includes the right of states to enjoy full independence and freedom from outside interference in all economic affairs within and outside their own countries.

After the end of the second world war, many oppressed and weak ethnic groups in colonies and semi-colonies around the world have been freed from colonial shackles, striving for national liberation and national independence and enjoying political independence. However, at the time of their independence, they were often forced to enter into treaties or agreements that agreed to preserve many of the vested interests and preferential treatment of colonial rulers or suzerainty, and even remained in a subordinate or subsidiary position. Practice has proved that if we do not strive for economic independence and economic sovereignty, political independence and sovereignty as soon as possible, we will lose and gain again one day. Political sovereignty is the premise of economic sovereignty, and economic sovereignty is the guarantee of political sovereignty. Therefore, the persistent demands of developing countries and the international community as a whole have led to a clear determination by the international community that states enjoy independent economic sovereignty.

In December 1962, at the seventeenth session of the United Nations general assembly, the declaration on permanent sovereignty over natural resources was adopted, which formally established the basic principle of countries' permanent sovereignty over natural resources in their own situations. The permanent declaration of sovereignty presupposes respect for the sovereignty of the host country over its natural resources as a prerequisite for all international economic exchanges and trade and economic activities between the north and the south, and establishes the basic principle of respect for the sovereignty of states over the disposal of their wealth and natural resources. The above claims in the developing world, however, was criticized by the developed countries some jurists, that the developing countries such as what are the requirements for "lost their obsessions of sovereignty", to the so-called "international interests", "modern economic life needs", tried to continue to get their hands on the development of China's natural resources, its reasoning logic, is nothing more than "I I enjoy", your I a monopoly, its greed is very obvious. Therefore, safeguarding the permanent sovereignty over the country's natural resources is a prerequisite for promoting economic development and cannot be shaken at any time.

The declaration and the charter have repeatedly stressed that the host country enjoys complete and permanent sovereignty over all economic activities within its own territory and has highlighted the right to supervise and manage foreign capital and transnational corporations within its territory. Developing countries should take collective action to develop an international code of conduct for transnational corporations in order to prevent transnational corporations from interfering in the internal affairs of host countries. In addition, the host country should formulate domestic laws and implement them. In the process of collecting and utilizing foreign capital to promote its economic development, it should not only protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors, but also require them to fully respect the economic sovereignty of the host country, earnestly abide by the laws and regulations of the host country and accept strict supervision.

In accordance with the principle of state sovereignty, the nationalization of a country to foreign investors within its territory is an act of a sovereign state. According to the views of western colonial powers, host governments in underdeveloped regions to the property of foreign investors within the territory, only protection of obligation, no infringement of rights, to the infringement, constitute the basis of the so-called "international illegal ACTS," capitalist country government has just the state responsibility, the right shall be investigated for the host country to protect overseas Chinese name, can even that part had. In contrast, developing countries have always advocated in foreign capital, the requisition only according to the provisions of the law of host country, compensation, so as to maintain their own political sovereignty and economic sovereignty after intense debate, finally sure each country may, when necessary, the economic sovereign rights of the requisition, and ruled out the western developed countries according to their traditional idea in the requisition, the compensation issues for developing countries imposed by the so-called "fair standard constraints of international law".

The development of international economic sovereignty is the result of long and arduous efforts of developing countries. The equal status of emerging developing countries in the international community is often despised, infringed upon and trampled on by power politics and hegemonists. Developing countries increasingly feel that formal equality masks substantial inequality. Therefore, developing countries began to use the principle of equity and mutual benefit to adjust international political and economic relations, and to update, enrich and develop the traditional concept of equality. However, the developed countries still want to use their absolute advantages in economic strength to conduct extremely unequal exchanges with the poor, weak and economically disadvantaged countries in history, paying in form but not in equality. Proceeding from the overall strategic situation of the world and the interests of developed countries themselves, the establishment of equitable interests between developed countries and developing countries is conducive to the relaxation of those of developed countries and world peace and stability. A comprehensive look at the development of the four lom agreements shows that the mutually beneficial cooperation between developing countries and developed countries is dynamic.

However, the lom agreement style of north-south cooperation has not fundamentally changed the very unequal and unfair economic relations between the two sides. Thus it can be seen that the lom agreement has made initial important achievements in realizing north-south cooperation to improve the north-south unequal relations and correct the serious injustice of the world towards the international public distribution of wealth. But it is still a long and arduous journey to achieve the overall goal of north-south cooperation to establish a new international economic order.

At the same time, economic cooperation among developing countries, namely south-south cooperation, is playing an increasingly important role in improving the status of developing countries in the international community and enhancing economic sovereignty. For example, in the mid-1970s, the oil exporting countries of the third world united and took up oil weapons. With the strong support of the non-oil producing countries in the third world, they fought against the international oil monopoly capital and finally regained the key power of oil price decision-making. It can be seen from this that the establishment of a new international economic order will make progress step by step.

In particular, since the 1980s, the world economy has undergone fundamental changes. Almost all countries have been incorporated into the operating system of the world economy. As former United Nations secretary-general boutros boutros-ghali declared in his address to the United Nations in October 1992, "an era of genuine globalization has come". On the face of it, economic globalization seems to be a win-win game for both developed and developing countries. However, when the veil of economic globalization is lifted, it can be seen that developed countries are always the biggest winners. From beginning to end, western countries have controlled the process of global economic development, influenced the formulation and implementation of various economic game rules and constantly eroded the economic sovereignty of developing countries.

Main outside into the international economic mechanism in the process of globalization of the structure, mechanism and participate in the international economy means the countries in the world market for it to seek opportunity and pay the price, the main performance: first, the first participation mechanism required to accept the current international economic system, which means that one country not only in the domestic set up a corresponding market economy, and to all the system and the international system does not adapt elements gradually comprehensive renovation, especially closely related to the international economic system of foreign capital, financial system, tax system, a country in determining the country's economic system when there is no sufficient freedom.

A large number of game rules make a country enjoy the benefits of fair competition and mutual benefit in the international market. Such as the agreements of WTO members were required to adjust modify in domestic economic system and policy, the agreement on trade-related investment measures, members were required to phase out of the domestic foreign law about the local content requirements, trade balance and foreign exchange balance and export ratio requirements may distort the provisions of the trade relationship between the implementation of the "law of produce agreement", the members were required to pledge to cut all kinds of direct or indirect policy-related subsidies for agricultural products.

As a result of participating in the international economic system, a country's opening to the outside world has some weakening effects. For example, introducing large amounts of foreign capital can solve the problem of lack of funds. According to the international rules of operation due to foreign investment and is subject to domestic law and to reduce the degree of government management, the government's macro control has dropped, the diversification of a country's domestic enterprises property rights form the country is difficult to define the scope of national industry, protect the national industry of the tradition of the content of the economic sovereignty was greatly weakened, in addition to the height of the development of information and communication technologies to control, a certain extent, weakening the country's economic sovereignty.

On the surface of economic globalization, it seems to be a win-win game for developed and developing countries. However, when the veil of economic globalization is lifted, developed countries are the big winners. The globalization of the economy does not change the centralism of power in Europe and the United States. Globalization is essentially westernized and americanized, however. Developed countries have never restricted or sacrificed their economic sovereignty. On the contrary, they have strengthened their economic sovereignty at all stages. And constantly challenging the economic sovereignty of developing countries.

In the course of economic globalization, developed countries have never tolerated their own votes. A little bit of sovereignty. They never want their sovereignty to be restricted by other countries. Every time they sign an international treaty and join an international organization, they will conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study on the impact of such behavior on the sovereignty of a country. The decision to participate is in the fundamental interests of the country. Take the United States' 1994 sovereignty debate as an example. Before joining the WTO, the United States had a great discussion on the impact of WTO accession on national sovereignty in the theoretical, political and commercial circles, and the U.S. congress held hearings for many times, and did not approve the accession until it was confirmed that it would not undermine the sovereignty. The establishment of free trade in North America, as well as the signing of the north American free trade agreement, shows that developing countries fear loss of economic sovereignty.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, western countries have challenged sovereignty three times. After world war I, we advocated the abolition of sovereignty. Because developing countries get in the way of the colonial expansion abroad, so want to cancel the sovereign essentially cancel the sovereignty of developing countries, from sovereignty after world war ii, because the post-war new independent developing countries carried out in the '50 s and' 60 s vigorous, maintain economic sovereignty movement, make them feel nervous. After the end of the cold war, the claim of restricting and weakening sovereignty was advocated because developing countries realized in the long struggle that abandoning sovereign rights means abandoning the right to subsistence and development. Actively and actively strive for and safeguard economic sovereignty in international cooperation at all levels. In particular, the rise of the asia-pacific has in fact posed a strong challenge to the centuries-old European centralism. Developed countries are afraid to lose their strategic advantages and active status.

Basic countermeasures of developing countries to safeguard national economic sovereignty. There are always two sides to everything: on the one hand, as the French scholar bardhorn said, "international judicial precedents prove that sovereignty is the basis of the international legal order, and the starting point of the current international legal order is the principle of national sovereignty." Therefore, it is a rational choice for the international community to build an international legal order based on national sovereignty. On the other hand, the principle of "global economic integration" has a very implicit soft constraint, that is, the participants must transfer certain national economic sovereignty as the precondition. This condition is usually state-owned assets or national welfare. Chinese people are generally familiar with the story of "paying tribute to marry a woman". It may be justified to do so as a last resort. But hide your light and hide your strength, so that you may rise again. Therefore, seize the moment, rise to the challenge and "dance with the Wolf" is the current strategy.

Actively participate in the globalization process, seize opportunities and meet challenges. Globalization is an inevitable trend in the development of world history. The biggest advantage of economic globalization is to realize the optimal allocation of world resources, which provides conditions for countries to get rid of the shackles of resources and markets to the maximum extent. The development of the economic globalization brings the international division of labor, industrial transfer and the flow of capital, technology and other factors of production, that make up the domestic capital for developing countries, factors of production, using the advantages of little pay, swiftly realize industry evolution, technological progress, institutional innovation and economic development is very beneficial, however, globalization brings to developing countries new economic hegemony and real threat, has harmed the country's sovereignty and the normal development of the economy. Therefore, developing countries must adopt a prudent attitude and correct decision-making, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and safeguard national sovereignty.

In the new situation of economic globalization, developing countries should be particularly bold in upholding and applying their economic sovereignty. In order to take advantage of opportunities and mobilize all kinds of foreign economic resources to serve the construction of China, we must pay the necessary price, that is, on the basis of full autonomy, make appropriate self-restraint on some of our economic power and economic rights and interests. This "degree" is: must adhere to the principle of sovereignty assignment and reciprocity, sharing is the premise of assignment, no sharing can be transferred. It has always maintained its economic independence, as a pillar of strength.

It is advisable to strengthen south-south cooperation and adopt effective forms to realize regional collectivization and regional economic integration. The experience of economic integration of developed countries in Western Europe in the 20th century is worth learning from. From the ec to the European Union, from a customs union, a common agricultural policy to the economic integration, western European countries had on the problem of the transfer of rights in the state sovereignty made a painful choice, their combined enhances the ability of international competition and autonomy in international affairs, and will become a very powerful in the multi-polar world, the ten asean countries saw today, if not relying on the association of south-east Asian nations the carrier, the role of them in the asia-pacific region would not be so powerful as it is today.

We will strengthen cooperation with developed countries and draw on the achievements of all civilizations in human society. Efforts should be made to raise the level of economic development of developing countries and enhance their strength in safeguarding sovereignty. Both the north and the south face confrontation and struggle, as well as interdependence and cooperation. It is foreseeable that in the future, global north-south relations will be replaced by inter-regional and intra-group north-south relations. Developing countries should seize opportunities, develop themselves, gradually change, rely on and unilaterally rely on each other, as well as the unequal status of cooperation between developed countries.

It should be pointed out that in developing countries participate in international economic globalization and regional collectivization in the process, must proceed from its national conditions, according to actual condition, the policy is the only way to gain a foothold in the competition, develop steadily, keep characteristics, to promote the development of its economy at the same time, more to maintain and safeguard China's sovereignty independence, complete equality.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明:原创essay代写范文源自编辑创作,未经官方许可,网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为,未经同意的情况下,51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的essay代写服务,亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多essay代写范文 提供作业代写服务,详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。

Assignment代写:Differences in bank loans

2018-07-27 18:10:04 | 日記
下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Differences in bank loans,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了银行贷款的差异。银行贷款是企业的重要融资渠道,对企业的融资和经营有着重要的影响。大型企业相对中小企业具有一定的银行贷款优势。一方面大型企业在经营方面更具有稳定性,从一定程度上证明了企业有还债的能力。另外大型企业持有更多的可抵押资产,在抵押银行贷款融资活动中,更多的可抵押资产可以为大型企业赢得更多银行贷款的机会。

Bank loan is an important financing channel for enterprises, which has an important influence on enterprises' financing and operation. In China's current economic environment, bank lending is often colored. In this paper, the reasons for this bias will be analyzed. The analysis shows that large enterprises with good financial performance will have a certain continuity in future operation and more mortgable assets. At the same time, they will have more investment opportunities because they have information advantages and risk advantages, so they will have more financing needs and finally get more bank loans with long term and large scale. For most state-owned enterprises, large state-owned enterprises, there are all large enterprises loan advantage, at the same time its government background, the formation of the collateral, state-owned enterprises assume more important in national economy in the field of large investment, its management problems more makes state-owned enterprises rely on external bank loan financing, the final performance for the state-owned enterprises have more long term big bank loans.

The social division of labor and the scale of production are the important characteristics of modern enterprises. In this case, debt has become an important means of corporate financing. From a financial perspective, as long as the return on capital is greater than the cost of capital, enterprises have the interest motive to borrow money to pursue greater returns, which is another reason why debt is common in modern enterprises.

In China's economic reality, the debt of Chinese enterprises is mainly concentrated in bank loans. And existing research shows that Banks are lending with colored glasses. This paper will study the reasons for the choice of Banks from the perspective of Banks. It also helps enterprises to better manage financing.

On the one hand, the supervision function of Banks on enterprises is to examine the financial status of enterprises and other relevant indicators; on the other hand, it is to restrict the behaviors of enterprises through debt contracts. Through the above supervisory role, Banks can help select enterprises with certain solvency to control the risk behaviors of enterprises, ultimately reduce the possibility of enterprises violating the debt contract and reduce the non-performing loans of Banks.

Large enterprises have certain advantages over small and medium-sized enterprises in bank loans. On the one hand, large enterprises are more stable in their operations. When predicting the future business performance of enterprises, such operational stability proves to some extent that enterprises can assume the obligation to repay debts. For creditors, the default risk of large enterprises is low. On the other hand, when examining the business performance of enterprises in the past, large enterprises have better financial performance. Although these financial data are based on the past of enterprises, they can prove the resource utilization efficiency and management level of enterprises to a certain extent. Under the assumption of stable operation of enterprises, financial performance also has continuity, so as to ensure enterprises have better solvency in the future. In addition, large enterprises hold more mortgage assets. In mortgage financing activities, more mortgage assets can win more opportunities for large enterprises to obtain bank loans.

From the perspective of the term and scale of loans, large enterprises have the above advantages in obtaining bank loans, while investment activities of large enterprises are mostly large and long-term projects. Therefore, in terms of the term and scale of bank loans, bank loans of large enterprises are characterized by long term and large scale. The lower risk of default by large companies has also helped make it easier for companies to get longer-term, larger bank loans.

In terms of property rights, state-owned enterprises have the advantage of obtaining bank loans. On the one hand, state-owned enterprises are mostly enterprises of a certain scale. On the other hand, state-owned enterprises have more government background, which forms a kind of guarantee for state-owned enterprises to some extent. In the view of Banks, such implicit guarantee can reduce the possibility of enterprise default and thus reduce the loan risk of Banks. In addition, under the current economic environment and institutional conditions in China, many business decisions and operations of state-owned enterprises are subject to administrative interference, which is politically tinged. In this case, the government will intervene in the bank loan business through political power, so as to help state-owned enterprises obtain bank loans.

No matter for market reasons or for administrative intervention, state-owned enterprises often make investment decisions for long-term large-scale investment projects, which makes most of the bank loans obtained by state-owned enterprises show long term and large scale. And the property rights of state-owned enterprises have made Banks more inclined to lend to them for longer and larger periods of time.

The deposit and loan business is the most essential and core business of the bank and also one of the profit sources of the bank. Therefore, from the perspective of enterprises, enterprises have the demand for debt financing, and from the perspective of Banks, Banks have the incentive to provide loans to foreign countries to obtain interest. In order to form a debt relationship between enterprises and Banks, the financing needs of enterprises and the motivation of Banks to lend are indispensable basis, both of which are indispensable.

Large enterprises have more financing needs than small and medium-sized enterprises. From the perspective of investment opportunities, large enterprises have stronger information collection ability and more information sources, which enables them to obtain more investment opportunities through information advantages. From the Angle of risk, in the process of investment activities, investment income and investment risk are parallel, and large enterprises have a higher risk management efficiency, stronger ability of risk control and risk bearing force stronger, so in the face of the same investment projects, large enterprises more than the small and medium-sized enterprises will also are more likely to invest, also will make large enterprises have more financing needs. Therefore, more financing needs also provide a prerequisite for large enterprises to have more bank loans.

Information, risk awareness and risk bearing ability differences will make large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises in the investment activities showed obvious distinguish, large enterprises will be more likely to undertake large projects of investment, which further determines the financing needs of the large companies will be more inclined to long term big bank loans.

State-owned enterprises have more financing needs than non-state-owned enterprises. First, soes are mostly large enterprises and play a supporting role in important areas of the national economy, such as energy. The investment activities of enterprises in these areas mainly focus on long-term and large-scale investment projects of strategic significance to the national economy and national security, which also makes state-owned enterprises have greater financing needs. Second, because of the lacking of the role of all state-owned enterprises and administrative intervention and other special reasons resulted in the state-owned enterprises at a low level of corporate governance and resource management efficiency of state-owned enterprises will be more likely to have the funds liquidity problems, the phenomenon of debt management inefficiency, thus will rely more on debt, in particular, bank debt, which is more bank debt financing needs.

Can be seen from the above analysis, the enterprise financing demand and bank lending requirements is the important basis of debt relations formed between the fact, and large enterprises and state-owned enterprises because of greater financing needs and more accord with the standard of supervision of the bank, so would have the advantage of access to bank loans, and show the characteristics of long maturity scale.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明:原创assignment代写范文源自编辑创作,未经官方许可,网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为,未经同意的情况下,51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的assignment代写服务,亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多assignment代写范文 提供美国作业代写服务,详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。

英国大学的论文怎么写

2018-07-27 18:09:47 | 日記
出国留学,同学们最关心的事情莫过于论文的写作,毕竟论文是关乎能否顺利毕业的因素。由于母语和逻辑思维的缘故,我们在写作英国论文的时候往往会不由自主地按照以前的习惯去写,这肯定是不行的。那么英国论文的论文该怎么写呢?下面就给大家讲解一下。

留学在外,每个留学生最关心的莫过于两件事情:一个是打工,一个就是论文。打工是为了解决吃饭零花,论文则是关乎能否顺利毕业。

要是让教授发觉你的论文是“复制粘贴”的,那你这门课无论表现得多么优秀,你注定还是要挂科的,而且教授会对这类学生非常不齿。

就我留学半年的经历来说,要写好外国教授布置的论文,前期准备必不可少。比如教授在学期一开始就给出的书单,书的内容都会和你的论文息息相关,所以在书单出来后,去图书馆集齐这些书目是一项必要的功课。其次是跟同学和教授之间的交流了。因为我学的是西方文学,理解起来肯定比以英语作为母语的同学要更吃力一些,上课时候也会碰到不得要领的情况,这时候你就需要发挥“不耻下问”的精神,积极地和教授和同学进行交流,这对写好论文绝对是事半功倍。还有就是学会单纯的思考问题。中国式教育使得我们养成了繁琐的思维习惯,什么事儿都往复杂里想。我并不是说这种思考方法不好,但是就我所学的专业而言,外国的分析家通常不会思考得过分复杂,有时候想复杂了反而影响了你对文章的理解。

如果能做好以上3点,那我相信在写论文的时候绝对是可以游刃有余的。

学生在课堂上做论文报告是一种传统的教育方式。这种专题类的报告先将研究的题目写成论文的形式,然后以演绎的形式在课堂上表达出来,考的不仅是学生的专业课题的水平,更展现了一个学生的临场发挥能力、专业素质等。

教授有时会给学生规定一个专题,有时会规定一个范围,让学生在此范围中自选专题。在布置专题报告时,教授会规定做报告的时间长度,通常个人短的报告为15分钟,长的报告为30分钟,小组专题报告为40分钟,要求学生能够在有限的时间内把专题的主要内容以及自己的观点介绍给听众。

差不多每门课的老师都会要求学生做专题报告,其中准备工作包括查阅、搜集、整理资料,制作幻灯片。为此我经常去图书馆查阅资料,去之前可以先在网上找到书然后预订,到了图书馆就可以直接从管理员手上拿到书了,这样非常节约时间。另外互联网也是资料的一个重要来源,所以在国外留学最好身边能有一台电脑,但要注意的是,从网上引用的数据和资料也一定要注明出处。做报告时,一般要求学生完全脱稿。因此,学生需要把所学过的知识融会贯通,把专题的内容彻底消化。英国论文对学生成绩的评定分为1至6分,1分为最好。如果学生在做专题报告时只是按照草稿朗读,那么最高也只能得到4分。比如国际经济关系课的老师平常上课时讲理论知识,安排学生做报告时就会让学生选择两个国家来具体介绍它们之间的经济关系。想要拿到高分,就要把平常上课时讲到的比如进出口这样的知识点具体应用到对这两个国家经济关系的介绍之中。

在做完报告后,会要求上交一份完整的书面报告,并且要求注明语句、观点、数据的来源,而且教授一定会去核对这些来源是否属实,所以注明资料出处是非常重要的。在做专题报告的过程中,与听众的交流同样十分重要,学生要提出与专题的领域相关的问题和听众共同讨论,而听众也会对专题提出自己的问题和看法,要想成功的“招架”他们,做报告的学生也就必须完全掌握自己所讲的内容。可以毫不夸张地说,在英国论文听一场优秀的论文专题报告犹如在欣赏一场视觉与听觉的盛宴。

以上就是关于论文写作的讲解,希望能够帮助同学们更好地写作英文论文。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写,请关注51Due英国论文代写平台,51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构,专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作,主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯,我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平,帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求,可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。

Paper代写:The negative effects of transnational corporations

2018-07-27 18:09:17 | 日記
本篇paper代写- The negative effects of transnational corporations讨论了跨国公司的负面影响。如今,很多跨国公司为了寻求利益最大化,盲目扩大生产,浪费了许多生产资源,再加上任意排放污染物,加剧了当地环境污染,还通过转移定价等不合法手段偷税漏税,导致国家财政收入大量流失,这些都是跨国公司给我们带来的负面影响。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理,供大家参考阅读。

Nowadays, with the rapid development of China's economy, its international influence is increasing. From the economic field to the political arena, from the cultural prosperity to scientific and technological innovation, the international community has received extensive attention. At the same time, the Chinese market has become more open to the outside world, with a relatively loose investment environment and a large number of powerful multinational companies. With the combination of internationalization and localization as the breakthrough point, the Chinese market has been redefined and large-scale and systematic investment has been carried out.

As the main carrier of economic globalization, transnational corporations have promoted the deepening of international division of labor and optimized the allocation of resources worldwide. Especially in an emerging market economy like China, the lack of capital and the low level of technology make it more necessary for the foreign capital represented by transnational corporations to stimulate the economic prosperity and further stimulate the potential vitality of the economy.

Multinational companies investing in China, on the one hand, can play the role of "bridge - communication, benchmarking - demonstration, leading - driving and competition - incentive", which is a positive force for China's economic and social development. On the other hand, some transnational corporations have short-term behaviors in the process of production and operation, which has brought negative effects on China's economic and social development.

In order to seek the maximization of benefits, blind expansion of production, waste precious production resources; Arbitrary discharge of waste water, waste gas and other pollutants aggravate local environmental pollution; Below the quality of products, from household appliances and photographic products to household cleaning products and even supermarket food, we can see the unqualified products produced by multinational companies. Illegal operation and tax evasion through illegal means such as transfer pricing lead to a large loss of fiscal revenue in China. By virtue of technological advantages, brand advantages, capital and management advantages, through various means such as low price dumping and enterprise merger and acquisition, the company has rapidly expanded its scale and strength, occupied a monopoly position in the mobile phone, computer, computer processor and other industries, and disturbed the normal competition order of the market.

Philosophically speaking, everything happens as a result of the interaction of internal and external causes, but internal causes are the first and external causes are the second. External causes work through internal causes, and we should pay more attention to the role of internal causes.

The negative impact on transnational corporations is also the result of the combination of internal and external factors.

The internal reasons are the transnational corporations' own reasons, such as weak leadership, poor management, or no problems found, or even if problems are found, they ignore or ignore them, and regard big and small problems as all right. The malposition or absence of production links causes serious quality problems of products. Lack of moral awareness and social responsibility, and lack of awareness of the positive interaction between enterprise development and social progress; There is no excellent corporate culture to regulate employees' behaviors, and the communication between the company and the company is not in place, and there is no strong cohesion. One of the university of Michigan prahalad and Kenneth "professor Saul had article put forward the concept of" corporate imperialism ", can be more image shows that the role of the internal cause, when large western companies rushing into emerging markets that have a narrow and arrogant attitude, they will be in developing countries such as China and India only as a target market expansion, think that there is the land of desire modern potential consumers of goods and services. It is this "corporate imperialism mentality" that leads multinational companies to make continuous wrong and even discriminatory decisions in developing countries.

External factors are external factors of transnational corporations. For example, consumers lack necessary legal knowledge and do not know how to use legal means to protect their legitimate rights and interests. Imperfect laws and regulations, inadequate punishment, and various kinds of restraints on economic interests, lack of hard constraints on the operation of transnational corporations; Some local government had "hungry" of foreign investment, in order to attract foreign investment, do not hesitate to reduce environmental requirements, blind introduction of multinationals heavy pollution projects, the accommodation, shelter, foreign capital enterprise of illegal dredge activities are allowed, super national treatment to excessive inflation, to a certain extent to the developed countries transfer pollution intensive industry and sunset industry provides an opportunity.

On the whole, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages for multinational companies to invest in China. Therefore, when we see the negative influence of some transnational corporations, we cannot make the mistake of "blind the whole world and see no mount taishan". We can deny transnational corporations in an all-round way and even expel them from the Chinese market.

We should take effective measures to avoid its negative effects and eliminate the advantages and disadvantages.

First, we need to raise the barriers to entry for multinational companies. When the introduction of foreign investment, to comprehensively summarize and deeply analyze the multinational companies to perform the social responsibility of the results obtained and the existing problems, from illegal employment and violation of legitimate rights and interests of employees, product quality, irregular operations, loss of integrity, major workplace safety or environmental pollution accidents, bad influence of six aspects, related to the lack of corporate social responsibility. Relevant departments should fulfill their duties and refrain from introducing foreign capital projects that harm the harmonious development of China's politics, society, economy, culture and people's livelihood.

Secondly, expand the supervision channels, improve the supervision mechanism, integrate the supervision resources, and form the supervision synergy. We should raise the awareness of supervision and participation from all sectors of society, create a good atmosphere of supervision from time to time, from everything to everywhere, and give effective and strong supervision over the production and operation of transnational corporations. If transnational corporations are found to be engaged in improper business practices, newspapers, television and other media should report on them in a timely manner, intensify their exposure and give them strong external pressure.

Third, we should strengthen consumers' awareness of safeguarding their rights, constantly explore new mechanisms for consumers' rights protection, and effectively solve complex situations and problems in the process of consumers' rights protection. We should try our best to popularize legal concepts in the whole society, raise consumers' legal awareness, enable consumers to know the law, understand the law, abide by the law and use it, encourage consumers to dare to use legal means, and protect their legitimate rights and interests by appealing to relevant departments and submitting them to arbitration organizations.

Finally, we need to establish a strong punishment mechanism, which requires strict law enforcement and severe punishment for violations of the law, so as to form a social effect and psychological restraint mechanism of "never forgetting the past, but being the teacher of the future". We will strengthen corporate ethics, raise the moral standards of the whole society, and standardize and constrain market behavior through moral development. We will change some government officials' views on foreign political achievements, raise their awareness of service and disaster, increase their sense of urgency and responsibility, serve the people well, eradicate monetarism, and cut off the bribery chain of transnational corporations.

It is a long-term, systematic project to avoid the negative impact of transnational corporations. The transition from multinationals to global companies is more complicated. China is still a developing country and lacks experience. Only by exploring in practice, improving the understanding of the international market and learning from the advanced and successful methods of foreign countries can multinational companies develop on a sound track, truly improve the asset quality of China, improve the industrial structure and form technological spillover effect.

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Essay代写:European architecture and art

2018-07-27 17:57:21 | 日記
下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- European architecture and art,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了欧洲建筑与艺术风格。像欧洲古典主义的秩序美学为君权服务一样,欧洲的建筑也跟艺术风格有很大的关系,其中的原因就是建筑师和阶级的权利因素,但是还有相当大的一部分来自于大众。因为建筑的建成靠的还是人民群众,所以群众当然还是希望加入自己的审美,然而这种审美是随着当时的潮流走的,这才形成了建筑风格跟着艺术风格走的大方向。

Capitalism germinated in the 14th century and the Renaissance began. Britain follows the Italian fashion and develops its own characteristics in this wave. This paper focuses on the relationship between the development of British architecture and the evolution of painting style. Does architectural style follow the development of art, or does it promote the development of art?

Architecture is an art, and its development is closely related to people's aesthetics in the same period, which is the so-called social concern of architectural response.

In the 14th century, when capitalism was budding in Italy, the Renaissance movement initiated swept almost all of Europe, bringing fierce struggles in various fields, and a new peak of development for architecture. In 15th-century Britain, culture, including architecture, gradually emerged from the middle ages and entered the Renaissance.

At the end of the middle ages, the British gothic culture had a glorious achievement. At that time, gothic art was still inclined to some myths, fantasies and religious themes, with more forms reflected by glass Mosaic and murals. Gothic painting style is a highly visual art, which is also one of the characteristics of gothic architecture. From the prayer book of belleville to the prayer book of the duke of berry, goth's paintings have changed in terms of depth and emphasis on expressing emotion. It is a change from pure religion to focusing on nature through religious stories, which balances secularism with the sanctity of religion. These changes were not only reflected in the field of painting, but also deeply influenced the development direction of British architecture.

The great nobles looked out of their medieval castles and found their dark towers a prison compared with the new mansions of the time

They soon built a new style of mansion, the manor house. From the 15th to the 16th century, Britain gradually established a centralized nation-state, which brought a peaceful scene at home and provided good political and social conditions for the construction development. Buildings are no longer built on perilous hills, but on vast plains. The architectural form is no longer the slender and lofty gothic style, but strengthens the horizontal lines, making the building spread on the earth in a more natural way. The large mansions of the 16th century were all siheyuan style. Later, they gradually evolved into two houses with prominent rectangular shape, which improved the lighting and ventilation performance of the building and gave the building a good view. The sudden closeness of the two seemed to have something to do with the political culture of the time, and even more reminiscent of two very different gothic prayer books. Art affects architecture? Is it the "naturalization" led by art that drives the "naturalization" of architecture?

Classicism was brewed from philosophy and aesthetics in the 16th ~ 17th century. At that time, absolute monarchy was equal to absolute rationality. In order to establish norms in the field of culture and art, classicism, which advocated rational thinking, came into being.

Academic theories began to brainwash people's original theories and aesthetics. They look for "universal rules", "universal beauty", to express these in "standard form", and as a result become so called norms. And, in their minds, these standards are purely geometric and mathematical. They respect proportion as the decisive, or even the only, factor in architectural form. The trend started in France and soon spread to Britain. Paladio-style palace buildings were soon built in England. The classical architecture, which emphasizes the proportion of beauty, has no comfort in function, and is not popular soon because of the outbreak of bourgeois revolution, which has become a small interlude in architectural history.

As early as the birth of architectural classicism, proportion aesthetics appeared in people's vision. The best known is Da Vinci's vitruvian man. It tells us the secret of human proportion in a precise way of expression.

From the perspective of classicism, architecture seems to follow the trend of art.

The emergence of romanticism in the late 18th century brought another artistic revolution.

Romanticism pursues the freedom and liberation of human nature, pays attention to the expression of personal feelings, is less restrained and free and unrestrained, and surpasses reality by means of fantasy or retrospection. Romanticism, in painting, is opposite to the classicism represented by academic school, and the style it brings is doomed to be opposite to classicism.

Romantic architecture flourished in Britain, known as the gothic revival. This immediately reminds people of the gothic era's desire for nature and freedom from religion, but this time religion is not a fetter, but an old-fashioned classicism. Medieval architecture, especially gothic architecture, has become the focus of attention again. Its free and flexible nature is in line with the romantic aesthetics and pursuit. But it's not entirely gothic, romanticism archaized, but it's also true, of which Victoria gothic is the most successful. It is restrained, simple, and the combination of plane and composition is the fine crystallization of people's efforts to create emotional and spiritual buildings. Such a big change in architecture seems to have awakened some people's pent-up feelings. Architecture woke up from the lethargy of two hundred years of classicism and ushered in a new era.

The relationship between architecture and artistic style is more than that. Baroque, rococo It is also a testament to the highly unified architectural and artistic styles.

In fact, architecture is the material existence that people dare to reflect real emotions. Unlike art, art is always in the hands of a few people. Like the classical European aesthetics of order, it served the monarchy. Architectural form follows artistic style, for reasons that do include the power of architects and leaders, but there is also a large proportion of the public. Because the building is built by the people, the people still want to add their own aesthetics, but this kind of aesthetics followed the trend of the time. This forms the general direction that architectural style follows artistic style.

In fact, architecture is originally an aspect of art and culture, but it is used by people and has more sense of reality. Architecture and art complement each other. Art leads the way first. Architecture is built to realize the value of art. And the process has never stopped, and mondrian's paintings have not been a good inspiration for modernist architecture.

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