Essay代写：Educational relations in the family

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Educational relations in the family，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了家庭中的教育关系。家庭是在婚姻关系、血缘关系或收养关系基础上产生的，构成社会的基本生活单位。亲子关系是家庭成员中固有的特定关系，表现为不同家庭成员之间的不同交互方式。这种关系由法律确认并加以保护，法律规定，父母对子女有抚养教育的义务，父母有管教和保护未成年子女的权利和义务。以亲子关系为基础形成的教育关系决定了家庭教育中父母是教育者，子女是受教育者，两者之间不能互相选择。国外研究表明，亲子关系与儿童学业成绩有关，家庭环境和不良的亲子关系都可能导致儿童学习困难。另外，父母的特点会导致不同的家庭教养方式，从而影响孩子的心理发展和学业发展。

Family education is one of the three kinds of education that people experience in their life. Family education is based on special interpersonal relationship, which makes family education different from social education and school education. Specifically, family education relationship is formed naturally, family education has the basic, emotional, hidden characteristics. Family education determines the family's influence on people's life is inevitable, long-term, subtle and little-known. Family education is related to the effect of school education.

Family education is carried out in the family and is the mutual influence and education among family members in life. Compared with school education and social education, family education has different characteristics because it is based on parent-child relationship between parents and children.

The family is born on the basis of marriage, blood relationship or adoption, and constitutes the basic living unit of the society. Parent-child relationship is an inherent and specific relationship among family members, which is manifested in different ways of interaction between different family members. This relationship is recognized and protected by law, which stipulates that parents have the obligation to bring up and educate their children, and parents have the right and obligation to discipline and protect their minor children. The educational relationship formed on the basis of parent-child relationship determines that parents are educators and children are educatees in family education, and they cannot choose each other. Whether or not family education can be realized and what kind of state and degree it can be achieved are mainly decided by parents. It is difficult for children to decide their own destiny.

Domestic and foreign studies have shown that parent-child relationship is related to children's academic performance, and family environment and poor parent-child relationship may lead to children's learning difficulties. With the development of China's social economy, there are some left-behind children in rural areas. As parents of left-behind children have difficulty in performing their supervision duties, their children have some psychological problems and academic problems. Some studies have shown that parents going out to work will have a certain negative impact on the education of rural left-behind children. Especially for those parents who go out to work for a long time, they have fewer opportunities to meet with left-behind children and communicate with left-behind children less frequently. They cannot provide timely help in education for left-behind children, which will have a negative impact on their school performance.

Parents' characteristics lead to different family rearing patterns, which affect children's psychological development and academic development.

Family education determined by parent-child relationship is the education in which parents play a leading role. Due to their young age and lack of life experience, it is difficult for children to make a correct judgment on the quality of family education, and it is even more difficult to take reasonable strategies to improve the current situation of family education.

Family is the first living environment that people are exposed to after they are born, and the first education they receive is family education. People's whole life is closely related to family. Family education becomes the foundation of school education and social education.

The earliest family education that affected people was fetal education. The influence a child receives in the womb may influence post-birth behavior. The study shows that fetal education has obvious influence on the physical and mental health of the fetus, which lays a good foundation for the early education after birth.

Family education provides the foundation for children to enter the school system for the first time. Parents are the children's first teachers. People at the time of birth is not the full meaning of people, in addition to the natural instinct such as eating, drinking, lazarus sleep, know nothing about the world, the body is extremely fragile. Under the care of adults, children in the family to learn a variety of basic social needs to adapt to the basic behavior, to lay a foundation for kindergarten, this foundation determines the situation after entering the park. A good foundation of family education before entering the kindergarten is conducive to the adaptation to life after entering the kindergarten. Children with good adaptation to the kindergarten will be loved more by teachers. The foundation of family education is not well laid before entering the garden, and re-education is needed after entering the garden, which brings bad influence to social adaptation. In towns without pre-school institutions, home schooling is even more important.

Family education is the foundation of life growth and provides background and background for the development of human life. Children have a close relationship with their parents all their lives, and parents actively participate in every stage of their children's development. Parents influence every step of their children's life. Parents' words and deeds, every move and idea have a subtle effect on their children, providing a keynote for their children's life development. "Don't think that you are educating your child only when you are talking to him, teaching him, ordering him," makarenko said. "you are educating your child every moment of your life, even when you are not there. How you dress, how you talk to others, how you talk about others, how you rejoice or worry, how you treat your friends or enemies, how you laugh, how you read the newspaper, all these things are important to your children." Parents must lead by example if they want their children to develop in a good direction.

The subtle influence of family education makes family education inheritable. Children's behavior also shows the characteristics of family education when they become adults. Even after children get married and start a career, how they educate their children is also influenced by the previous family education. The existence of "family tradition" and "family tradition" is the clear evidence of this inheritance. The inheritance of family education reflects the profound influence of family education.

Children live with their parents day and night after birth and live for a long time so that both sides have a stable relationship. Family education is carried out under the interaction of material support and love. Parents care about their children's life materially, and children feel their parents' love and family warmth from their parents' wishes and actions. Such support and love go on every day and normally interact with each other. Children will show their love and concern for their parents and their attachment to their family.

Emotional interaction is an educational force in itself. Parents love their children, children from their parents learn to love others, learn to love society. The study of hou fen et al. found that parental investment had a direct positive prediction effect on prosocial behavior of adolescents, and the influence of parental investment on prosocial behavior was significantly greater than that of fathers.

Emotional connections make parents better acquainted with their children. Parents love their children, and their children are willing to expose their ideas and behaviors to their parents without disguises because of their attachment and trust to their parents. This is the meaning of "knowing the son is like the father". This kind of understanding can make family education targeted, teach according to one's aptitude, also may be because of habituation and turn a blind eye to children's bad behavior.

Emotional connection makes parents have certain authority and powerful influence in family education. The impact sometimes goes beyond schooling. The 5+2=0 phenomenon summarized by some educators reflects the great power of family education.

Parents' affection for their children can lead to arbitrary and irrational education. Parents' attitude towards their children's education is transferred by their own emotional habits. Parents spoil their children when they are happy and treat their children as the object to vent their anger when they are upset. Families with only one child may be spoiled, and families with many children may show preference. Some parents always pay attention to their children's words and deeds, lose themselves, tie their life to their children, let their life almost in the children's fear and joy in the cross. In the irrational family education, neither the educator nor the educatees will feel happy, which will affect the healthy growth of children and affect the degree of school education.

Family has relative independence in social life, family life has certain privacy. Under normal circumstances, parents will take the purpose, way, means and content of family education as personal privacy, parents do not take the initiative to say, do not expose, others do not know. Modern society's "interpersonal isolation", so that others will not take the initiative to ask others about family education, even if found a problem, will not interfere with the "this is the family matter".

Children are generally considered the private property of the family and their lives are at the disposal of their parents. The concealment of family education, on the one hand, protects the privacy of the family; on the other hand, it hides some problems. The development of society requires the public right to intervene in family education, which is conducive to the implementation of family education in a more healthy way.

To sum up, family education is carried out in a relatively hidden space under special interpersonal relationship, which determines the asymmetry of family education relationship and the profound and long influence of family education. The effect of family education influences the realization of the goal of school education and social education. Good family education needs social attention, support and supervision.

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Assignment代写：Psychological mechanism of Internet violent game addiction

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Psychological mechanism of Internet violent game addiction，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了网络暴力游戏成瘾的心理机制。有研究显示，暴力游戏成瘾并不一定就引起攻击性行为，引起攻击性行为的可能是人们的死亡本能，人人都有攻击的欲望，都有伤害别人的冲动，只是平时受到社会规则和道德法律约束，人们将行为进行升华为可以被社会接受和认可的活动。自我实现是一个人保持动力的源泉，也是成瘾的因素，是保持行为持续的方式。健康的生活方式是远离网络暴力游戏成瘾和攻击行为的需要。

In November 2017, the world health organization revealed that gaming disorders would be listed as substance use and addiction disorders along with synthetic drugs. Online game addiction, especially teenagers and college students, addict network game, violence, and therefore waste studies, Internet addiction, mobile phone dependence, interpersonal violence, from the society, to the academic development, interpersonal relationships, the negative effects of the physical and mental health, including the network violence game addiction to network dependent and moral anomie and aggressive behavior. The state requires some video websites to be taken offline to reduce the negative impact of violent online games on teenagers' physical and mental health.

Online violent games are completed through role playing. Players consciously internalize role functions in the game process and use attack and injury skills, especially real-life roles. It is easier for players to have role identity, so that the game is confused with reality and the functions in the game are easy to experiment in life. Players who give punishment in the game are also more likely to give severe punishment in reality, with implicit and explicit attacks. Studies have found that audiences who identify with violent characters in media have a significantly higher increase in violence tendency than those who do not. Young people lack more comprehensive identification ability. The reward given after the attack of violent online games is to stimulate and encourage the players to do harm in the game. Repeated harm operation itself is a kind of reinforcement. According to some reports of wounding incidents on the Internet, the important reasons for juveniles to commit crimes come from the network imitation. They imitate the behavior of online characters, steal, injure and rape, and make the game scene come into life. Unreasonable reward setting is to strengthen the attack behavior, attack can be rewarded, and the law and reality of the attack will be punished, formed a counter concept, the role will be opposite; Violent games on the Internet tend to increase aggressive behavior, violent emotions and attitudes, which is consistent with the conventional physical and mental reflection of the game. Also studies show that self-knowledge is stronger, personality perfect game, doesn't make their addiction, violence shooting game, will not increase the aggressive behavior, in reality it is just one of their recreational way to relax, in the process of the game can realize the bad feelings of anger, game group is the sublimation of friendship, skills, and even to self-gratification. In the process of psychological counseling, emotional catharsis of the "dummy" game is also a truth. By attacking the dummy, emotional catharsis can be realized. The "dummy" model itself is also role playing. A study shows that violent video game addiction does not necessarily lead to aggressive behavior, cause aggressive behavior may be the death instinct of people, everyone has a desire to attack, all have the urge to hurt someone, is usually influenced by the social rules and moral law, people will conduct sublimation is accepted and approved by the society can activities. Players in the process of the game can also achieve self-realization, through role play, completed the established game, win, is also through the game to achieve self-realization. In particular, individuals without goals and motivation in life are more likely to find a home on the Internet, and then achieve the realization of the nihilistic self-realization. Self-actualization is a source of motivation for a person, it's an addictive factor, it's a way of keeping behavior going.

The constant imitation of violent online games increases the possibility of aggression, and the reduction of reinforcement can reduce the role internalization and identity identity. Long-term exposure to violent video games will lead to certain moral distortion of individuals, showing desensitization to violence, thus leading to relatively strong aggression of individuals. First, to reduce violent online games at the source, especially those targeted at teenagers, the government, enterprises and schools need to work together to restrict violent games into the campus, into the mobile phone and into the market. Second, parents should strengthen supervision, reduce game exposure time and involvement degree of scenarios, and realize desensitization of addiction system. Reduce the time for teenagers to use electronic devices, eliminate educational apps containing violent online games, master desensitization methods to quit violent online games, and timely reduce online game injuries; Legal education is the internalization of players' knowledge. Players with a strong sense of legal system can distinguish the boundary between games and life, and will not easily try game scenes and increase violent attacks. Ideal and belief education is a "switch" to prevent addiction to violent games on the Internet. People with lofty ideals and time concepts will not put too much energy into games. Helping players establish lofty ideals and life goals is a way to help them effectively manage their time. Legal education is the bottom line, ideal education is the line, keep the bottom line, improve the line, promote netizens to form positive network values; Personality has a profound impact on players. Different personality traits have different degrees of involvement in games. Unsound personality is more likely to indulge in games and produce aggressive behaviors. A healthy lifestyle is also needed to stay away from addiction to violent online games and aggressive behavior. The country is creating a clean and honest network environment, in order to cultivate the new era of network young people, good network people and new network as their own responsibility, Internet users should also actively towards the standards of good Internet users, reduce the network violence games to their own injury.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创assignment代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。

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申请Essay的开头该怎么写

想必大家都知道，在申请英国大学的时候，唯一能让申请者占据优势的就是申请材料。当然，在AO面对大量的申请材料时候，如何抓住他们的眼球非常关键。其中申请Essay的开头我们就可以这样做，下面就给大家详细讲解一下。

这里想重点说一下Essay。根据学校的不同，Essay在申请中的重要性也不同。一般来讲，Essay在招生官眼中的重要性能占到全部录取因素的10%-30%, 越小的学校以及越强调holistically审核过程的学校，Essay的重要性越高。当然，我们也不能过分迷信Essay的作用，一篇好的Essay并不能完全弥补GPA和标化分数上的劣势。

在申请季，很多AO每天至少要读50篇的Essay，一篇平淡无奇的申请文书很可能会让一个过度劳累的AO昏昏入睡。而一个好的开场白，则可能让AO的心情变得愉悦，也更有可能给他留下深刻的印象。很多时候，AO在读完Essay的第一段后，就基本都这篇Essay的好坏有了一个判断。

Essay开头第一句话应该是一个“hook” 或 “grabber”，可以勾住读者的眼球并吸引招生官的注意力，这句话也应该尽可能的提供丰富的细节，吸引读者的好奇心，或以其他方式脱颖而出。

这里给大家一些非常不错的例子，都是之前成功被英国顶尖大学录取的学生的CA主文书的第一句话：

I have old hands. (Stanford)

If my life were a play, there would be two sets, two acts, and two sets of characters. (MIT)

Some fathers might disapprove of their children handling noxious chemicals in the garage. (Stanford)

There is a hefty blue book in my bookcase that is older than any other book in my house. (MIT)

When I was in the eighth grade I couldn't read. (Stanford)

I am a "troublemaker". (Yale)

As an Indian-American, I am forever bound to the hyphen. (Stanford)

Printing a sheet of paper takes three seconds, but printing twenty-eight sheets took me three months.（Yale）

I change my name each time I place an order at Starbucks. (Stanford)

I've been surfing Lake Michigan since I was 3 years old. (Stanford)

Essay的第一句话也可以是一个问句，但只有当它特别有趣的时候用问句才有效果。比如这个例子：While traveling through the daily path of life, have you ever stumbled upon a hidden pocket of the universe? (Stanford)

上面的这些句子是不是都能勾起大家继续读完整篇Essay的兴趣？

其中一些句子提供了生动的细节(the hefty blue book, the noxious chemicals, the old hands)。

另外一些句子则引起了我们的好奇心（如何在湖里冲浪？一个申请斯坦福的学生在8年级的时候竟然还不会阅读？为什么把自己称为麻烦制造者？）。

还有一些句子纯粹是写的非常精彩吸引了读者的注意，例如“I am forever bound to the hyphen”;“I change my nameeach time I place an order at Starbucks”等。而且这些句子多数都很简短,当然短并不是必须的。

另外，提醒大家在写Essay的时候不一定非要采取上面这种写法，每一个申请人都是独一无二的，找到自己的闪光点最重要了。英国大学考察Essay的目的主要有三点：A.你是谁？B.你能给大学带来什么？C.你的写作能力如何？只要把握以上三点，你一定可以写出一篇不错的Essay。

以上就是关于申请Essay开头的写作技巧，如果同学们不知道申请Essay开头该怎么写的话，不妨一试。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：Design and science

本篇paper代写- Design and science讨论了设计与科学。设计与科学都是人类的理性活动，并与人们的生活息息相关。现今设计与科学高度融台，科学知识与科学理论已经逐渐成为设计中的重要组成部分，而设计具有的创新与整合的属性也在不断地影响着科学。随着时代的不断发展，设计已经不只是科学的载体，科学也不只是设计的手段，设计与科学中各学科相互交叉融合、共同发展。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Design and science are both rational activities of human beings and are closely related to people's life. At present, design and science are highly integrated, and scientific knowledge and theory have gradually become part of the soup of design. On the contrary, design itself has the attributes of innovation and integration that constantly affect science, so what kind of relationship exists between science and design and what kind of development they will have in the future. Through the analysis of the concept of the essence of design and science, the law of research, and the actual cases and research data of the two in practical application, the paper concludes that design and science are gradually moving towards a high degree of integration. Finally, through the above conclusions, it is reasonably speculated that the relationship between design and science will develop into the final conclusion of mutual integration and collaborative innovation.

Design is a rational activity of human beings. From the perspective of human development and daily life, design plays a very important role. Similarly, as the science of human rational activities, how does it relate to design? The development of science promotes the continuous progress of design, and the development of new technology and new materials enables people to experience a more diverse life. At the same time, the continuous maturity of design is also affecting the progress of science, science has formed in the practice of engineering aesthetics, structural aesthetics, technical aesthetics, micro-biological aesthetics. The interdisciplinarity has laid the foundation of material civilization and spiritual civilization in modern society in the 21st century. With the continuous development of The Times, design is not only the carrier of science, science is not only the means of design, design and science in the cross integration of various disciplines, common progress, common innovation.

For a long time, the definition between design and science is in a relatively fuzzy state. With the development of design and the maturity of design theory, human life is full of a variety of designs. What is the difference and connection between design and science? Bauhaus headmaster gropius once proposed that "design is the unity of science and art". As for design, professor liu guanzhong positioned it as "the third kind of wisdom besides science and art", and other theories defined that design should be the product of the mutual combination and integration of art and science, rather than belonging to either side of art and science. Design is the rational activity of human beings. All the definitions of the former divide design and science into two parts. In the case of continuous development of design and science, the relationship between design and science should be mutual integration and collaborative innovation.

Before discussing the relationship between design and science, let's talk about the concepts of design and science. Design is a creative activity close to art. This is also destined to design and art between the inseparable relationship. Vasari, an art theorist, regarded design as the father of "all art". The machine mass production brought by the late industrial revolution changed the concept of design, which broke through the limitation of pure art and began to involve in other fields. With the refinement of division of labor in design, the design industry also became more diversified. How to define the essence of design, Bruce archer thought: "design is a problem solving activity aiming at the goal." "Design is an activity designed to improve reality," says wojciech gatesparsky. The definition given by the school of design of Carnegie Mellon university in the United States is: "design is the process of elevating objects from their existing conditions to better use conditions". It can be seen that one of the essence of design is a process of solving problems, and design is a problem solving activity. Design is thought of as asking questions, solving problems, and so on, until the design solution finally takes shape. In this way, design is to further study the problem paradigm, problem model and its solution. Design is the core element of the creative humanization of science and technology, as well as the key element of cultural and economic exchange. Klaus klippendorf once put forward: "design is a conscious form of creation for human needs. So design is a creative activity, innovation or creation is a feature of all design. To sum up, design is a process of solution, and one of its essence is innovation.

As for the nature of science, the President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences pointed out in the first issue of science and technology tide in 1998 that "the nature of science is constantly creating new knowledge and pursuing new truth", which shows that the nature of science is innovation. The modern view of the nature of science is influenced by constructivism, which maintains that the nature of science is scientific inquiry. The essence of science is a scientific exploration activity, a process of continuous innovation and solution, and design is also. As Philip stark once pointed out, "the essence of design is continuous transcendence and exploration".

There is a big difference between objects in scientific concepts and objects that humans actually touch. To be recognized, transmitted and accepted, scientific knowledge needs to pass through some form or certain logical structure, and the communication of design also needs corresponding means. In design, the reality reflected in a design work is also different from the reality in the concept of natural state. The essence of design is not only the self-expression of the designer, but also the design for the purpose of deliberate design, which is a kind of long-term communication. For example, today's popular culture is largely related to the style of 20th century streamline design and pop style. Taking the popular style of clothing as an example, it basically takes 30 years as a cycle, so as to prove that this phenomenon is the inheritance of some design idea or inner spirit, or the dialogue and cooperation between designers and predecessors. To sum up, no matter it is pure art or design, its inner spirit or thought will be spread because of a certain work or artistic style, and the person or work inheriting these spirits and spirit together constitute a whole, forming a cooperative relationship in continuous inheritance and repeated confirmation. Looking at the development of science and its research rules, most of the scientific research in human reality has been developed gradually by inheriting the research results of predecessors. Design communicates in the form of form or structure and style, while science communicates in the form of theory, data and formula. Carry out scientific experiments according to the plan, and draw approximately correct conclusions repeatedly until they are finally proved to be true.

As for the concept of morphology, in biology, Goethe pointed out that morphology is a discipline that reveals the essence of morphology. Design morphology is a discipline specialized in the study of morphology in the field of design, and is an important research platform for design science. Its main content is to conduct research on the modeling rules of morphology, and to study the essence and rules behind morphology through the appearance of morphology. Gropius once pointed out that "design is the unity of science and art". Although this sentence emphasizes the design has the property of science, but for artistic attributes in the design of this part, is often a lack of certain scientific basis, design work is often has seen and heard as well as good or bad, so the author thinks that the research and development of design morphology theory is gradually to design scientific and theoretical, law, from the early stage of the design input, medium-term support and auxiliary design, to the design of the evaluation stage, will have clear standards and theoretical system. On the contrary, the second edition of the encyclopaedia of the Soviet union once pointed out that "science is a system of knowledge about nature, society, thinking and its objective development that has been formed and developed on the basis of social practice. Starting from actual facts, science reveals the essential connection of phenomena ". According to this definition, the author thinks that science is also the study of the essence and laws of things, and that science is a kind of structural relationship, which is always quantified and expressed in mathematical terms in the more developed scientific fields. Both design and science reveal the essence and rules behind the phenomenon, and promote human's understanding of things from the level of perception to the level of cognition, and finally reach the true knowledge.

To sum up, no matter it is design or science, it is in constant innovation, through the continuous integration of information and theoretical knowledge of all aspects, gradually confirm the rationality of things.

As a kind of tool, the essence of automobile is movement. In fact, traditional automobile design has been doing static form design. When automobile is at rest, at low speed or at high speed, its environment is different, and its shape should be changed accordingly in order to better adapt to the environment. IntelligentAerodynamic Automobile, a concept car launched by mercedes-benz in 2015, has simulated more than 300 changes according to aerodynamics. By changing its appearance, the wind resistance coefficient can be changed from 0.25 to 0.19, which is different from the previous vehicle's way of adding spoiler or raising tail fin. IAA is adjusted as a dynamic body. The speed is greater than 80km/h, the front fender moves about ±20mm in the X direction, the inner wall of the front grille moves 60mm in the Y direction, the 8-segment ring tail located at the rear of the car extends 390mm, and the concave value in the hub changes from 55mm to 0mm. This is a perfect combination of aerodynamics and styling design. Aerodynamics is not only a tool used to test the wind resistance coefficient of the automobile, but also the styling is no longer a static shell. Different disciplines combine and guide each other to form the product of collaborative innovation.

Everything in nature is an irregular form, a dynamic equilibrium state of various factors such as form, structure and material. Traditional architectural design, excessive pursuit of form balance and strict function, will cause the building to its environmental factors extremely sensitive. Nonlinear architecture solves this problem fundamentally. The design under non-linear thinking is full of contradictions, and the architectural design is in continuous motion, not pursuing extreme symmetry. In this way, a more harmonious balance can be found in the movement. The regional environment has a significant influence on the selection of architectural form, the determination of structure and the optimization of space. Architectural design should make use of the environment to create, so that works can better form a harmonious system with the surrounding environment. Buildings should not be isolated from the natural environment. Nonlinear architectural design USES the theory of design and nonlinear science to make the final architectural form appear a natural state, which is the perfect embodiment of collaborative innovation between design and science.

The so-called "singularity" is the point at which the future man and technology become one. Based on this concept, design and science will cross and integrate with each other in future design. With the progress of science, continuous development and new theories and experimental data are constantly refreshing people's cognition of the world. In terms of design, the Mercedes global design director Gordon Wagner on future vehicle design is also put forward the "ONE BALL" design concept, in the concept of the concept, with the continuous development of AI technology, design and AI technology will reach a high degree of alignment, the future of the automobile design will completely get rid of the appearance of the existing design, car will have no two cases, 3 cases of concepts, nor driving space, space, storage space, the distinction between car maybe is not a car, but a computer automation. In a future where design and science are integrated and innovated together, cars may not exist.

From the perspective of human development and daily life, design has penetrated into every aspect of human activities. The essence of design is innovation and integration. Just like science, it has been developed through various conjectures, speculations and confirmations and mutual integration of information of various disciplines. With the continuous development of The Times, design is no longer just a carrier of science, nor is science just a means to be used for design. Design and science should be mutually crossed, in-depth guidance, common progress and collaborative innovation. Tsinghua university professor Qiu Song according to the current trend of the development of science and technology, on the basis of the natural form and synthetic form, puts forward the concept of wisdom form, which is the concentrated reflection of highly collaborative design and science, also highlights in addition to design the height of the art and science attribute is unified, not only for the future design outline a clear outline, also provide a steady stream of source for design.

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Essay代写：Flexner's idea of a modern university

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Flexner's idea of a modern university，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了弗莱克斯纳的现代大学理念。再弗莱克斯纳的现代大学理念中，大学必须以一定的价值核心为基础，以客观批判的态度为关键，对社会风尚加以选择和抵制，既能紧跟时代的步伐、满足社会的需求，又能保持大学本色、进行研究。另外，大学对待学术研究的态度是严肃且坚决的，不容许有一星半点的弄虚作假，各种偏离学术研究的行为都只会使大学每况愈下。大学的最终目的是培养思维缜密、知识渊博、见多识广，且极具批判精神和探索精神的人。

In the book modern university theory -- a study of universities in the United States, Britain and Germany, flexner expounded the concept of universities through the investigation and research of many famous universities in the United States, Britain and Germany. Studying his related works and interpreting his university philosophy will help us understand how the university should harmoniously integrate with the modern world in the process of the development of The Times, and it is also of great reference value to the reform and development of modern universities in China.

It is the mission of modern universities to objectively reflect the characteristics and needs of The Times. When universities realize that they should keep close contact with the society, they should be relatively independent from the society to a certain extent. "The university is a manifestation of The Times, a force that influences the present and the future," said flexner. As time goes on, the university will undergo a series of changes, "which should be a sensible change based on needs, facts and ideals". Therefore, universities must choose and resist social fashion based on a certain core value and with an objective critical attitude as the key, so as to not only keep up with the pace of The Times and meet the needs of the society, but also keep the true character of universities and conduct research.

Although teaching and research are both functions of universities, research is obviously more important than teaching. Flexner believes that what a university should really pursue is scientific and academic work. He is serious and determined about academic research, and there is no room for fraud. All kinds of deviation from academic research will only make the university worse. When talking about the social service function of universities, he advocated that universities should serve the society by carrying out academic research work instead of directly participating in problem solving.

"A major is academic because it is deeply rooted in culture and idealism and has norms that embody an ideal," says flexner. The profession has, above all, an objective, rational, and altruistic purpose." In his view, the domestic service industry, business, all the work of occupational fields such as journalism, cannot be called "professional", and professional education is not just simply equated with narrow professional training, therefore the modern university should not be involved in these areas, the cultivation of talents in this field and should not be at the university of tasks and responsibilities. The purpose of a university is to cultivate thoughtful, knowledgeable, knowledgeable, and highly critical and exploratory people.

"A true university is an organism characterized by a noble and clear purpose, a unity of spirit and purpose. But clearly, America's best universities are not organisms, they are administrative aggregates." In flexner's view, a modern university should be as small and dynamic as gilman's Hopkins, not so large as to meet every need.

The core of a modern university is the graduate school, the major professional college, and some research institutes, such as the law and medical schools in the United States. He is also highly critical of Columbia's correspondence extension education, which he considers to be a typical business practice rather than an educational one. "Most of what Columbia offers is not education," says flexner. The whole thing is about business, not education." Therefore, flaxner firmly believes that the university is definitely not a profit-seeking field, it is the center of knowledge, is the place for the study of advanced knowledge.

Based on the above basic views, flexner was keenly aware that many famous universities in the United States were in a stage of confusion in the face of a series of social changes at that time. Although Britain was not as serious as the United States, it was occasionally shown. The German university of frexner is positive, he points out that the German university from the beginning to the end in a rational attitude to remain sober.

In terms of teaching purposes, flexner believes that the positioning of modern universities is not correct and the teaching purposes are biased. "research", as the most important function of universities, is not only not taken seriously, but also carried out many "service nature" work that should not be done. When it comes to teaching process and content, says flexner, "colleges don't know what they want, and even if they do know what they want, they don't get what they want.

Frexner criticized the false "credit view" of modern universities, saying: "as long as students accumulate enough 'credits' by simple calculation and consume enough hours or years, they have completed the' four years of secondary education '. It's not. It's often unintentionally reducing intelligence and effort." The student who passes the exam ends his/her study of the subject as a matter of course and, to a large extent, never touches upon it again, and therefore often leaves the subject for good. The poor quality of secondary education and the excessive "indulgence" in universities lead to the poor quality and weak foundation of the output from university education.

Flexner notes that some teens choose to go on to graduate school for a master's degree or a doctorate in philosophy, a marketable and lucrative activity in the education market because the higher the degree, the higher the salary. Moreover, many universities often confuse vocational education with professional education, as a matter of course. Flaxner argues that the world-renowned harvard graduate school of business and management is organizationally similar to the average professional business school, and that learning about business and news media is a waste of students' time and money. The school is very active in charging students' tuition, but in fact, the school is wasting their precious time and energy.

Some master of arts or even ph. d. dissertations, according to flexner, are so bizarre and pointless that "science" loses its flavor and "science" is no longer science. Frexner unsparingly criticized the literature of the sociology and education departments, saying that this part of the literature was meaningless, very simple, without any enlightening value or worth thinking about. For the literature deals only with trifles, and contributes nothing to the results which can be drawn from experience alone, or from the conclusions which can be drawn from common sense.

Flexner points out that a large part of the university's budget is spent on things that are not part of the university at all, as the university spends most of its money on complex administration, buildings and sports. If harvard spent all its current income on solid and high-level academic endeavors, its impact would be far more than twice that. Where funding is really needed, such as professors' salaries and spending on research projects, a lot is spent on school buildings and sports. In his opinion, only by rapidly raising the salary standard of professors can they retain the talents of researchers in more serious subjects, otherwise they will inevitably fall into the dilemma of insufficient researchers.

In order to expand the scale and benefits of higher education, China has implemented a series of university mergers. The expansion of the scale of universities leads to the increase in the service field of universities. The trivial service provided by universities puts forward certain requirements on the number of administrators and teaching staff. The large number of personnel required will affect the quality of personnel to a certain extent and also pose a threat to the quality of education. For a university, it is the top priority for its development to define its educational orientation and educational goals. It is necessary to reorient the functions of universities at different levels. For example, higher vocational colleges focus on cultivating application-oriented technical and skilled talents, and train a large number of senior blue-collar workers and craftsmen for the country. Research universities or graduate schools should focus on research and academic research and restore the academic status of universities.

Credit is used to judge the breadth of knowledge a student has learned in college. The more credits a student has, the more knowledge he or she has learned. At present, some universities regard credit as an important index to evaluate students' excellent degree and ignore the negative impact of credit, that is, they ignore students' interests, practical knowledge and academic ability cultivation in the process of blindly pursuing credit. Therefore, graduate schools should focus on the cultivation of students' academic interests and the improvement of their research ability. It is normal for graduate students to have no academic interest at the beginning, and they can be cultivated gradually in the process of continuous learning later. Once there is an interest in doing academic research and value recognition, it can form a drive, which is the first step to study academic and do research.

The utilitarian tendency of college students' learning motivation is not only a social problem, but also an educational problem. Some bad social atmosphere, western utilitarian values, exam-oriented education and reward mechanism are the important factors that contribute to the utilitarianism tendency of some college students. University, therefore, it is necessary to create a democratic, equal, civilized and harmonious campus culture and everyone involved, because the university campus can directly reflect the ethos, ethos has direct influence on college students through the set up and development of education for the students to guide, to highlight the cultivation of moral awareness and integrity, let college students learn to acquire knowledge at the same time assume corresponding social responsibility.

Concentration is the process of concentration, concentration, and concentration. Valuable research refers to the significance and importance of research problems. The premise of any research is that the research itself has some significance and value. Do academic research and results is a difficult and lengthy process, and as a result, a man who aims to delve into the academic, the first thing to prepare for the hardships and difficulties, the condensation of their time and energy to the study, believes that no ordinary study only ordinary attitude, so as to maximize enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, and strive to achieve academic goals.

In his modern university theory, flexner stressed that the foundation of a university is talent, and only by meeting its most basic material needs can it further retain talents. At the moment, some universities seem to be well funded, but faculty members are underpaid. Therefore, the university should reasonably plan the use of funds, including personnel, funds and equipment, should be restructured, determine the new direction of development, retain talents, ensure the quality of education, and win academic reputation.

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