美国作业代写：Canada Nature Park

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Canada Nature Park，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了加拿大自然公园。加拿大作为一个国家的历史并不长，但其公园建立的现代化管理体系在世界公园史上应当不算太短了。加拿大的公园分为不同的级别。像居民区里的这些较小的公园，一般都是市一级管理的。大一些的，有地区公园、省立公园直到国家公园。这些公园的规模往往都很大，为了保护生态而不进行开发，人们来这里就要到公园中专供野营的营地住宿。
Canada's history as a country is not long, but the modern management system established by its parks should not be too short in the history of the World Park. Since the establishment of the first National Park Banff Park in 1885, it has been a 127-year history.
Canada's parks are divided into different levels. These smaller parks, like those in residential areas, are generally managed at the municipal level. Larger, there are regional parks, provincial parks until the national park. These parks are often large in size, and in order to protect the environment from development, people come to the park for camping camp accommodation.
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Most importantly, there are many natural habitats in the park, where a variety of native plants and wildlife are grown, and are important bases for maintaining ecological balance and keeping wildlife alive and continuing. With the increase of human activities, coupled with the invasion of exotic plants, the traditional wildlife is more and more destroyed, and some endemic plants and animals are endangered, species diversity is weakening, natural ecology is thus losing its balance. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to the protection of natural ecological areas in the park.
One of the biggest parks in the mud Pond City is Douglas Hill Park. Douglas Mountain is only 300 meters above sea level, the north side of the ocean rises, slowly to the south wing, the entire ridge is covered by forest, forming the local largest urban forest. In terms of altitude, Douglas Mountain may not be called a mountain, but it is the highest peak in the region and is important in the regional ecosystem.
Before the 1840s, in the early stages of local development, this was a lumbering area, and some of the famous buildings were built from cedar trees. As early as 1858, people began to realize the importance of protecting the ecology of this mountain, and Glass from that time to be the government's protection. There are beaches, playgrounds, picnic camps, and a viewing platform at the peak, but the most popular ones are those that meander through the depths of the jungle. Each path is named after the name of a farmer who came here early, and culture and history often pass through such details. Douglas is a three-dimensional green "architecture", the forest grows a variety of local endemic plants, insects, animals and many other habitats. Therefore, the park has become an important natural ecological inspection base for schools and scientific research institutions.
It is not difficult to imagine that it is important to protect this place which has both historical and ecological values. So who is going to manage this mountain of miles? In a city of 100,000 people, it is impossible to keep so many people in the management of more than 160 parks. The main responsibility for building and protecting the natural environment of Douglas Mountain Park is a community civic group called "Friends of the Douglas Mountain Park". In charge of other parks, there are similar civic groups. In recent years, they have planned a number of projects, including the removal of wild vines in the forest, the rebuilding of the Gali oak, the planting of native plants, and the restoration of Douglas Creek to facilitate the return of salmon. All of these projects require a lot of work, which relies on essentially civic volunteers. Through the website of the Government Park administration, it is not difficult to find a timetable for activities such as related labor. What is the work item, the week of a week, in which park, the location and time of the collection are clearly marked on the page. There are two types of volunteers, one is a long-term volunteer registered in the park management system, and the other is those who volunteer at any time. The latter kind of volunteer is not limited to age, the child also may participate. I once took the child to take part in this kind of voluntary work, met several perennial volunteers, deeply felt, is their dedication and voluntary labor, in the real protection of this land.
The islanders would rather inconvenience their lives than protect nature. Victoria is located on Vancouver Island, the westernmost of Canada, and the island is as large as the island of Taiwan and the Pacific Ocean is to the west. Here is Canada's most moist piece of land, the island has a vast primeval forest, the year-round climate mild, can be called the Four seasons such as Spring, summer and summer seasons are able to carry out outdoor activities, play golf, Row mountain, play water and so on are popular throughout the season. If you want to develop the whole island into a lucrative tourist area, you should say that the conditions are unique. The Islanders, however, do not think so. To them, the first important thing is to protect the land and let future generations enjoy a balance of nature.
Last fall, a local plan to develop tourism in Wandeforka Provincial Park was vetoed. A developer has devised an ambitious plan to build a large resort in the vicinity of Wandeforka Park, including more than 250 vacation homes, an integrated large entertainment centre and a helipad with a total area of more than 230 hectares. The local government is willing to consider the plan because the arrival of a large number of tourists can bring about a bonanza for the local economy. However, local residents unanimously objected. It is reported that the hearings held for the project were massive, with residents flocking around for a full two nights, with 400 participants on the first night. They have only one aim: to stop the implementation of the plan. The reason is that once this is a tourist destination, there will be a significant increase in the number of vehicles and personnel entering and leaving, causing serious damage to the ecological environment; To attend the hearing, there are some 33-year-old middle school students. One of the children said to the Reporter: "It is someone who sent me millions of dollars, I will not agree to develop this land, the scenery here is priceless." Here, people pay attention to the children through the practice to accept environmental education, let the new generation to build environmental awareness. If the islanders do not have environmental awareness, if only to obtain wealth, then this Vancouver Island will be completely another look, it can become like the Las Vegas of gambling city, can also become a seaside hotel everywhere Dubai. But that is not the life the Islanders want.
The Canadian government's protection of nature and land should be said to be quite visionary. Here, land use is generally divided into three parts: one is used for people's activities and development of economic development land, one is necessary for the survival of human crops to produce land, and then there is an unusable, protected original ecological land. The Government of Canada has actively played the role of protecting the original ecological land through long-term planning, strict laws and the park system which is compatible with it.
The Mark Milano Provincial Park, located in central Vancouver Island, is the first such park to be built to protect the natural ecological values of the region. The forest, originally owned by the Markmilin family, was their logging base and later donated the woods to the province, where it was designated as a Provincial park in 1947. There is a famous "church garden", is the original forest of many native Douglas Fir, are hundred years old trees, vigorous and stout, towering. Especially to late autumn and winter, due to the rain on the island, Moss, lichen surrounded by branches, a green forest, but also show the vitality of old trees. This place is now one of Canada's most famous natural wonders.
1965 BC Province passed the decree, the park as part of the protection of nature of the mission from the legal sense of recognition. In 1971 BC became the first province in Canada to protect the ecosystem by decree, and established a series of natural ecological protection bases which aim at protecting the natural heritage and carrying out scientific research.
BC Province Land is vast, the area is equal to China's one-tenth, the geography and the climatic condition is diverse, has the ice-cold iceberg, also has the temperate rain forest, but also has the harsh desert area, has the four seasons like the Spring Sea climate belt. Because of this, BC Province's wildlife species are numerous. There are 70% species of birds and mammals in Canada, half of which are unique to the province. In the last 30 years, BC Province has successively established 150 conservation areas which are mainly protected by trees, ecology and bird colonies. At present, the area of protected land in BC Province has reached 14%, exceeding the United Nations-mandated 12%. Since 1988, the entire park system has been increased by one-fold. Most notably, the park system also protects the world's largest temperate rainforest forest, as well as a variety of flora and fauna. Now BC is planning to unite with the neighboring United States, expanding and gradually building the entire Pacific coast, from Alaska to BC Province, with a sea-surface connection and a major nature reserve in the north and south.
The principle of protecting ecology is known to all, but there are many difficulties in the implementation of life. Human beings have developed nature for their own prosperity, but when development reaches a considerable degree, wildlife and the ecological world are threatened. At this time, money first or ecological first, it becomes a serious subject. In Canada, this is a common sense and action from the government to each individual citizen, which is the real reason why Canada has a good natural environment.
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关于英文论文写作的11个建议

对于英文论文写作，留学生可以说是非常熟悉，但熟悉并不代表一定能写好。英文论文写作跟中文不太一样，很多留学生以为使用那些复杂长难词汇去写作会提升论文的质量，其实并不是这样的，下面就给大家分享关于英文论文写作的11个建议。
1、足够的积淀使你在写作时有无限的话可说
这一点能让你的写作变得更快速和容易。当你无话可说，无物可写的时候，你被迫的写出的那些貌似有意义的句子却使你的文章显得空洞无物。所以，你需要广泛的阅读，并做阅读笔记，正确的选择你的topic，然后通过写作与你的读者分享你所拥有的知识和信息。
2、要具体 (be specific)
看一下下面两个例子。
“I grow lots of flowers in my back yard.”
“I grow 34 varieties of flowers in my back yard, including pink coneflowers, purple asters, yellow daylilies, Shasta daisies, and climbing clematis.”
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这两句相比，哪一句能够让你提起兴趣？又是哪一句让你更好的了解我的后院种了些什么的？无疑是第二个。你的文章要be specific，这样你的文章看起来会更清晰，也更能吸引读者。
3、选择简单的词汇
在你的写作中，用“use”代替“utilize”，用“near”代替“close proximity”，“help”代替“facilitate”等等 。
只有在特别的句子里，其他简单词都不能代替的情况下再使用那些难词，平常的写作中用简单的词汇就可以了。
4、尽量使用简单句/短句
写作中你应该尽量使用简单句和短句，这与你在写作中应写小篇幅的段落的原因是一样的。它们更容易让读者阅读和理解。没一个句子都应简单明了，对你的文章来说，更重要的应该是想法上的创造力与复杂性，而不是句子上的。
5、使用主动语态（action voice）
在英语中，多数读者更喜欢svo——主（subject）动（verb）宾（object）的语序,例如：
“Passive sentences bore people.”
相比于这种反向的写作方法，下面的这句按照主动宾的句子更容易阅读和理解：
“People are bored by passive sentences.”
你不可能一篇文章中所有句式都是用这种主动宾的形式，但很多优秀的作家文章里经常使用这样的句式，所以你为何不试一试呢？
6、不要写冗长的段落
看一看你平常见到的报纸和杂志里的文章，那些文章的段落通常是简短清晰的，而不是又长又繁杂的。因为这样做会使人在读起来变得更容易，而我们的大脑在接受这种小块的信息时也更加迅速。
在学术写作中，每一个段落都是一个论点以及相关的论据，段落可以稍微长一些，但也应当尽量简洁。而日常写作中，有时一段只用2，3句话甚至1句话就足够了。
7、消除冗余的边饰词句
那些限定词，例如very, little和rather，并没有强调你句中想要的意思，反而会显得有些啰嗦，使你的句子失去了生命力。
8、不要絮絮叨叨的闲聊
写文章絮絮叨叨如闲聊一般的是很多写作者的大问题。虽然它不像其他问题那样显得多么严重，但会影响你文章的整体感觉。
9、不要重复或自问自答
不要在你的文章中一遍又一遍写同样的事情，也不要在文章中自问自答。换句话说，在你的文章中那些事情只提一次或两次就足够了。你一遍又一遍的在文章中重复同样的事情会叫你的读者昏昏欲睡。
10、不要写的过度
写文章时要专注于你想表达的信息，同时也要把读者放在第一位。
11、校对和编辑
缩短，删除和重新编写你文章中任何没有必要的话。使用比较闲散的风格写作是没有问题的，但不要在你的文章中出现无理由的多余的话。
这里有三点可以帮助你更好的做这一条：
1.把整体文章写出来
2.把你的文章静置数小时或者数天
3.当你对你写的东西有一定陌生感的时候，再返回来重新校对和修改
以上就是关于英文论文写作的建议，这个世界上没有人是永远完美的作家，也没有人指望我们一下笔就是完美的词句。但是，我们可以通过修改，校对，编辑我们的文章来达到这一点。按照这些提示，你会写出更加出色地文章！
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Paper代写：Management of engineering cost

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Management of engineering cost，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了工程造价的管理。工程造价管理是有效控制建筑投资的至关重要的环节，而搞好工程造价全过程管理是一项复杂的系统工程。在实践中，造价管理人员必须与设计、监理、施工等有关各方密切配合，总结经验，共同把关，通过坚持不懈的努力，不断提高造价管理工作的质量，使造价管理工作对建筑投资的合理控制乃至对建筑业的促进作用得到充分发挥。
This paper describes the present situation and existing problems of construction cost management in our country, puts forward corresponding countermeasures, and regulates the construction cost management, promotes the reasonable control of construction cost, and improves the efficiency of construction project cost management.
All along, the construction units often pay attention to the stage, and generally ignored the project construction project in the early stage of the cost control, the enterprise to the project cost management and the role of the management staff is not enough, ignoring the early stage of work as the investment control basis of investment estimates and design estimates of the role.
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In the construction management stage, the cost control management is not in place, the economic problems and technical problems can not be combined together, did not find the problems in economic management as soon as possible, until the completion of the project to find a series of problems, the economy can not be remedied. In the construction process, only pay attention to the technology, production, and not pay attention to cost savings, can not optimize the technical plan, improve the construction process to reduce the cost of construction into the production management process.
Investment estimate, design estimate, construction plan budget, contract price, project settlement price are separately managed by the construction unit and its competent departments, design units and construction units, without a complete control system. The quotation management personnel of the enterprise and the management of the project are not communicating enough, most of the enterprise quotation managers and the management personnel on the project are separate, there are loopholes in the management link, the bidding thought of the bidder has no system to guarantee the accurate transmission to the management personnel of the construction site, Forcing bidders and construction managers to complete their work according to the standard of social average.
There is no scientific evaluation system, resulting in enterprises can not form a suitable quotation system for the enterprise, this is a huge waste of enterprise resources, precious economic and technical data with the completion of the building and disappeared. Thus, the enterprise lost the material foundation of the sustainable development, in this aspect the management always at low level hovering.
How to strengthen and perfect the audit link of the construction project? It is necessary to strengthen and perfect the completed audit, the audit before the project, the audit of the project, and the whole process of the project implementation, which can effectively prevent the foreseeable error, and also can help to control and manage the construction cost well.
Design is a very important beginning of construction, it is related to the safety and perfection of every step of the construction, and the effective control and management of the design link plays a decisive role. To strengthen and perfect the design link in the construction project, we should continuously strengthen the control and management of the design Unit's whole process.
Play the role of the government. Construction cost management and control is a system engineering, in the process of management control, the government plays a vital role. The quality of cost management is directly related to the government's image. Only by strengthening the Government's management and control, in the process of cost management in strict accordance with the norms of operation, and strive to improve the quality and level of modern management, to reduce the problem, to ensure that the construction of the economic and social benefits of unity.
In the investment decision-making stage to do a good job of basic data collection, to ensure detailed and accurate. Earnestly completes the market research, fully demonstrates the project construction necessity, completes several sets of plan comparison, the optimization is the key which controls the project cost.
As far as possible in the investment estimate, estimates the approximate engineering quantity, calculates the price and the datum parameter by the appraisal.
By means of administrative and economic measures, the design staff should carry out the quota design initiatively and control the project cost is the inevitable trend in the future.
Strengthen the professional ethics education to the designers.
Strictly to the good design units of access system, more stringent to do a good job of qualification approval.
For the construction unit to establish a correct view of achievement.
In order to establish the practical use of the project, we should recognize the practical needs of the project from the perspective of the actual needs and select the practical, economical and reasonable design plan.
The establishment of appropriate tendering criteria, the investment side to set a good base price, can not appear in the tender "non-standard" situation, can not be excessively undervalued, nor too bidding. At the same time to improve the bidding system, resolutely investigate the surrounding standard, string standard, selling the illegal behavior.
The construction project cost carries on the subdivision management, the building works is a comparatively long process, causes the change in the construction many factors, has the design change, the party's change, the material change and so on. At the same time in the construction process will also encounter unreasonable visas, resulting in the increase in project cost.
Strictly control the change of negotiation, material substitution, extra work and various extrabudgetary expenses, so as to pay after the first accounts. At the same time, the credit system of construction materials is introduced, and the material saving behavior is encouraged.
In construction technology and construction technology should also strengthen the cost management, in strict accordance with the construction drawings to carry out the construction, can not arbitrarily change the contents of the construction volume list.
Completion of the project settlement phase. To avoid the phenomenon of non-payment and arrears of units, to achieve quality, complete data, technical skills, reasonable cost, and strive for the vast number of owners and people to create safe and comfortable, quality of building products qualified. Strict inspection of hidden engineering Witness, preliminary examination of the construction unit of the settlement book.
The construction cost management is a whole process management work from the investment decision to the final accounts, no one link should be left behind. In order to improve the efficiency of construction cost management, we need government, construction, design, supervision, construction and other relevant departments to do their own work, close cooperation and joint efforts, so that limited resources are fully utilized, so that the construction project cost management to achieve the best results.
To quicken the transformation of Management idea is the transformation of thinking method, to gradually establish the international consciousness to adapt to the new situation, new changes, new problems and new requirements. But also to strengthen self-reliance and self-improvement, fair competition, respect for intellectual property rights, quality win, according to the law, the concept of talent aspiration. Standardize domestic engineering cost consulting market. First of all, we should actively carry out the personnel training, improve the technical level and professional qualification level of the personnel of the Consulting service unit. Secondly, the existing advisory service units to clean up, rectify, the unqualified to clear. Finally, formulate the behavior standard of the Advisory Service organization, establish the good professional ethics.
Reform and improve the pricing basis and valuation methods of engineering cost. The reform and perfection of valuation basis and pricing method is the key to the reform of engineering cost management. We should continue to perfect and reform the current project cost valuation basis and valuation methods. Valuation basis and valuation method reform and improve the idea should be: Unified quantity, open price, guidance fee. The real market price mechanism is through the law of value to play a role, the law of the invisible hand in the spontaneous adjustment of the construction market supply and demand. If the price of the project is truly marketable, it is possible to regulate the supply and demand of the construction market spontaneously, and to maintain the equilibrium of the market through enterprise growth and bankruptcy. The reform of China's economic system is market-oriented, and the determination of engineering cost cannot be dissociated from the economic system reform, therefore, the management of construction cost must take market as orientation, follow the objective law of market economy, and finally establish the mechanism of the market to form engineering price. We will actively carry out the method of winning the bid without reasonable price, which is the main mode of the project quantity list quotation. The Bill of Quantities is an international general valuation method based on perfecting the market and engineering guarantee system, and also the main valuation mode of the bid-free price, which is the direction of the reform of China's bidding system, and should be actively created as soon as possible. In order to ensure the quality of the project estimate, in addition to a sufficient depth of design drawings and their description, but also must have the correct reflection of the project cost information. The informatization work is the foundation of the management work well, the engineering cost Informationization should revolve the service for the construction market, the main line for the project cost management reform, the organization technology research, carries on the informationization construction and the application bigger development.
In short, the project cost management is an important link to effectively control the construction investment, and the whole process management of engineering cost is a complicated system engineering. In practice, the cost management personnel must work closely with the design, supervision, construction and other parties concerned, summing up experience, common checks, through unremitting efforts, and constantly improve the quality of cost management, so that the cost management work on the rational control of construction investment and even the promotion of the construction industry to play the full role.
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Essay代写：Conceptual design

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Conceptual design，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了概念设计。概念设计是创造性思维的一种体现，也是强化设计理念的一个重要手段。概念设计在建筑结构设计中发挥了良好的促进作用，优化了建筑结构设计的总体性能，并且节省工程造价成本。在将来，概念设计必将成为建筑结构设计的主流导向，并成为一种重要的设计手段。
Conceptual design is an embodiment of creative thinking and an important means to strengthen the design concept. Nowadays the concept design also applies to our country's architecture design, has the new thinking mode to the overall plan and the design of the building structure, strengthens the building safety, the applicability, the reliability, and can save the construction cost of the project to some extent, optimizes the construction plan. In this paper, we combine the concept design with the architectural design in the background of our country's current architecture design, and discuss the application of the concept design in the building structure design concretely.
More and more advanced technology has been applied to architecture design, which creates convenient and comfortable conditions for building structure, and optimizes the design result and improves the quality of design. But over time, the architectural design of the computer and other advanced equipment has produced a strong dependence, the design pattern tends to be fixed, loss of the real meaning and function of the building structure. The data statistics of the construction of the safety and practicability of the building are not accurate, which makes the design of the architectural structure go into the erroneous zone. In order to fully embody the originality of design in the design, we should strengthen the thinking of concept design, break the fixed form of the traditional architectural design, and make the design more contemporary.
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The so-called conceptual design generally means that without numerical calculation, in particular, in some problems difficult to make accurate rational analysis or in the norms difficult to specify, according to the overall structure system and the system between the mechanical relations, structure failure mechanism, earthquake damage, experimental phenomena and engineering experience to obtain the basic design principles and design ideas, The overall layout of the building structure and the macroscopic control of the seismic detail measures are determined from the perspective of the whole. By using the method of conceptual approximation, it is possible to conceive, compare and choose the structure system quickly and effectively in the scheme stage of architectural design. The scheme is usually clear and qualitative, and avoids unnecessary tedious operation in the later design stage, and has good economic and reliable performance. At the same time, it is also the main basis to judge the reliability of the computer internal force analysis output data.
Structural conceptual design is a method to guarantee the excellent seismic performance of structures. Conceptual design contains very broad content, the structural scheme and arrangement of aseismic Benefit are chosen, the measures of reducing torsion and strengthening torsional rigidity are designed, the ductility structure and ductility Structural component are analyzed, the weak layer of structure is analysed, and the corresponding measures are taken to avoid the premature damage of weak layers, to prevent the chain effect caused by local failure, and to avoid the , take the line of defense measures and so on. It should be said, from the plan, layout, calculation to component design, construction measures in each design step through the concept of seismic design content.
In the current seismic design, isolation energy dissipation is an important research in conceptual design. The energy dissipation is mainly through the flexible isolation layer and the damping device which is arranged between the main body and the foundation, to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes to buildings at the focal point, and to set up a "reverse pendulum" device at the top of the building to control the displacement of buildings caused by earthquakes and to control the strength of the quake. This concept design, such as reasonable design, in the actual application, to achieve at least 60% seismic effects, improve the building itself seismic performance, strengthen security measures to ensure.
In the seismic design of buildings, we should pay more attention to conceptual design. This is because of the complexity of building structures, when earthquakes occur, the uncertainty of the direction of seismic forces, the limitations and fuzziness of people's understanding of the structural effects of earthquakes, the accuracy of structural seismic analysis calculations, the variability of material properties and construction and installation, and other unpredictable factors make the results of design calculations possible and actual, Even some of the effects have not yet been quantified. Therefore, because of the above uncertainties, the design calculation of building structures cannot cover all possible uncertainties. Therefore, we must pay attention to the whole concept design, in a sense, conceptual design is even more important than analysis and calculation.
The process of conceptual design is based on personal experience, based on the qualitative design process of building functional requirements, structural safety grade, seismic grade, geological data, local materials and local natural environment, the main contents of the conceptual design include: determining three seam setting, structure system, foundation form and depth, and geometrical dimensions of main components. Structural design is the reverse process of conceptual design, and its design is based on the general requirements of conceptual design, mechanics and mathematical principles from quantitative to qualitative process. From this we can see the importance of the concept, but now many of our designers are too theoretical, in any case, the first is the results of the calculation, and ignore the structural structure. Even some of the unit's total work does not participate in the design of the early conceptual design phase, but only to the calculation of the design of the book Audit drawings. Some new comrades at work sometimes argue with reviewers about books and calculations.
In the design of building structure, it is very important to determine the stiffness of buildings rationally. The stiffness of the building is not too large, the stiffness is large, the structure of the natural vibration period is short, in the earthquake, the structure of the seismic force is large, the relative consequences are heavier, and the material waste; stiffness is not too soft, too soft structure in the earthquake will have a large deformation, affecting its strength, stability and normal use.
The failure mechanism of building structure is generally divided into the floor failure mechanism and the whole failure mechanism, and designers should try to avoid the structural damage mechanism in the design, because the failure mechanism shows that there are weak links in the structure, that is, before the bearing capacity of other components has been fully played, the whole structure has been destroyed The responsibility and main task of designers is to achieve the ideal structure of the overall destruction mechanism.
Equal strength and energy dissipation design principle. This is the design principle that must be considered carefully in the overall design of the aseismic structure, must avoid in the structural design because of ill-conceived design, or the partial defect of construction, result in the situation that the main load-bearing structure is destroyed in advance and the whole building continuously destroys under the horizontal action. In the overall design of the structure should pay attention to strengthen weak links, as far as possible, such as intensity, in the attention of the principle of strength design, it is important to pay attention to the structure in the appropriate parts of the performance can consume a lot of energy.
The fundamental purpose of concept design is to consider the overall scheme of the construction structure in the specific architectural space and geographical conditions, and to exert and utilize the mechanical characteristics and relations between the total structure system and the system consciously. Using conceptual design to grasp the performance of the structure, the results of the calculation and analysis can be scientifically judged and reasonable choice.
The building is a complete space structure, and the components work together in a rather complicated way, rather than a separate component independent of the overall structural system. At present, there are some limitations in the whole research of the structure design, so that many assumptions and simplification methods are used in the design process. As a structural engineer, on the one hand in the design process should be strict compliance and implementation of the relevant mandatory norms and requirements, adhere to the principle of structural design can not be changed, on the other hand, should not blindly, dogmatic, mechanically copied copy, especially for the recommendations of the norms and requirements, it should be used as a structural design guidance and reference opinions, This will make the right choice in the actual design project.
The current structural design calculation level is difficult to effectively guarantee the seismic and wind resistance of structural design, especially seismic design. At present, there are still some defects in the current theory of structural design and computational theory: if the design of concrete structure, internal force calculation using elastic theory based on the calculation method, and the section design is based on the plastic theory of the limit state design method, the two contradictions make the calculation results and structure of the actual force state there is a large gap.
Architectural design needs constant innovation, design ideas also need to constantly add fresh elements, to meet the current era of development trends, by better social acclaim. Conceptual design plays a good role in building structure design, optimizes the overall performance of structural design, and saves the cost of engineering cost. In the future, conceptual design will become the mainstream of architectural design, and become an important means of design.
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Essay代写：New Trends in Internet video

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- New Trends in Internet video，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了互联网视频。如今，互联网视频业已经进入高速发展期，移动视频是主流，还出现收费的趋势。在消费新时代，一方面人们对满足精神需求方面的产品更为看重，另一方面人们也更需要环境较好的社交生活，而互联网视频业是满足上述两方面需要的最佳产品。
The Internet video industry has entered a period of rapid development, mobile video is the mainstream, charging trend, the emergence of new unicorn, inverted integration, ecosystem formation and content entrepreneurs spring arrival is a new trend.
With the continuous increase of netizens in China, especially mobile phone users, and the user has entered the era of consumption upgrade, can bring a better user experience of the Internet video industry is in the eve of the outbreak of the stage, China's Internet video industry has also appeared a new trend of development.
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China's Internet video industry and even cultural entertainment industry, the largest dynamic source of rapid development is in the new era of consumption upgrade. According to international practical experience, when a country or region per capita GDP exceeds 5000 U.S. dollars, the consumption of the country or region residents will be in the era of upgrading, its film industry, cultural industry, sports industry, such as the pan-Leisure entertainment industry will be in the outbreak period. China's GDP per capita in 2014 amounted to US $7800, which shows that China is changing from the old age of "heavy material life" to "material and spiritual life" to a new era of consumption. In the new era of consumption, on the one hand, people to meet the spiritual needs of products more value, on the other hand, people also need a better environment for social life, and the Internet video industry is to meet the above two needs of the best products. In particular, the Internet video entertainment industry has a significant "lipstick effect", that is, in the overall economic downturn, the small consumption of leisure and entertainment industry will achieve better and faster development.
According to CNNIC data, as of the end of 2015, the number of Internet users in China reached 688 million, internet penetration rate of 50.3%, the year-on-year growth of 2.4%, see Figure 1, mobile phone users are 620 million, market penetration of 90.1%, see Figure 2; 2015, Chinese netizens are 26.2 hours per week on the Internet.
In the use of Internet users, the network Video user scale of 504 million households, the year-on-year growth of 16.4%, become the second only after Instant messaging, search engines and the fourth major application of the network news, its growth rate far more than instant messaging, search engines and network news, see table 1.
According to CNNIC calendar year data, since December 2013, the Netizen absolute growth number tends to stabilize, every six months is basically between 14 million to 18 million, if according to this speed, then by the end of 2016, our country netizen number is between 710 million to 722 million, the Internet penetration rate certainly surpasses 50% And since June 2013, the absolute increase in the number of mobile phone users in China, although fluctuating relatively large, but every six months is basically stable between 27 million to 37 million, and by the end of 2016, China's mobile phone users will reach 675 million to 705 million, in view of China's mobile phone users are still in the high-speed growth stage, we believe that by the end of 2016, the number of mobile phone users will be more than 700 million, market penetration will exceed 50%. Based on the above analysis, the Internet video industry will benefit from this huge netizen dividend and realize its own high-speed growth.
The competition of media has been from the initial content competition, product competition to platform competition and ecosystem competition. Under the Internet age, the ecosystem has become a more advanced and new form of industrial cooperation. The so-called ecosystem, based on the internet and a large group of users, different industrial forms, different industrial partners around the huge user base to form positive feedback virtuous circle.
Alibaba's huge user base, which is built around its e-commerce, forms a huge ecosystem of internet finance, merchants, users, and various industries, all of which are beneficial to all participants in the ecosystem. For example, its huge merchant is the lender of its Internet finance, and its systematic grasp of the sales behavior of the merchant provides a relatively detailed information for its wind control, which also makes the bad debt rate of its loans greatly reduced. In particular, Alibaba's Alipay business is worth more than 100 billion yuan a day. In addition, music is also based on the content of the hand, users as the core, the successful creation of an eco-system based on entertainment. The internet giant will further strengthen its acquisition of the media industry to strengthen its own ecosystem, the main reason is fully aware of the huge development potential of the media industry. According to the practice of international developed countries, when a country or region per capita GDP exceeds US $5000, its media industry will be in a burst-growth phase. By the end of 2014, China's GDP per capita has more than 7800 U.S. dollars, China's media industry is in a burst of growth stage, for example, 2014 total box office income reached 29.6 billion yuan, year-on-year growth of 36%, is expected to exceed the scale of hundreds of billions of dollars; 2014 China's game market real sales revenue reached 114.48 billion yuan, year-on-year growth of 37.7%. For the media industry, a market with significant potential for development, the Alibaba Empire will not be missed. The second is that the media industry as a traffic portal to Alibaba's ecosystem to bring more traffic and users. Sina Weibo, for example, can bring better users to Alibaba's platform for electricity. The third is to provide Alibaba users with a better experience to enhance user stickiness. No matter the video experience of Youku potatoes or the data news of the first financial, it can provide more and better entertainment and financial news for the existing users, and further enhance the loyalty of users.
Le Vision to create "platform + content + Terminal + Application" ecosystem. Based on the vertical integration under the Internet, le visual ecology to create a music network, music video film, music to the new, music, music, video, music, mobile, network, music, network, internet finance, etc. more than 10 ecological companies, the total number of ecological coverage of 500 million.
Hua Wen Media actively build the Internet video Ecological circle. According to its announcement, the preparation of funds to raise 3.9154 billion yuan mainly to three areas: mobile video projects, internet television projects and film production and procurement projects, the core is the user-centric, focusing on creating "Internet video Life Circle."
Mango TV triggers the platform through the Internet entertainment video, and actively builds its own ecosystem after the massive aggregation of users. First, Mango TV has been with Samsung, Philips, TCL, Skyworth, Changhong, Huawei, Tsinghua Tongfang, such as more than 40 enterprises cooperation; The second is through investment, mergers and acquisitions, in addition to the Internet video, but also to create a video interactive, network news and Mango shop, such as shopping columns; the third is to infiltrate the field of hardware and software, Develop OS operating system and produce Mango TV independently.
In Archie Arts, excellent soil, micro-bo, micro-letter, today's headlines and other Internet video platform high-speed development of the situation, in order to provide users with a better user experience, these platforms strongly encourage and support high-quality original content, content entrepreneurs usher in a good era.
The Internet platform strongly supports content entrepreneurs. At present, a number of micro-letter public number has been using micro-credit platform to earn real gold and silver, Archie Art, 11 points of information, today's headlines and mobile phone Taobao and other platforms have introduced various measures to attract content entrepreneurs. A little bit of information in the future the article page's advertising revenue 100% points to the media author; "The headline" will launch the "Thousand People million program", that is, in the next year, the headlines will give 1000 from the media 10000 yuan a month; Quality content creators and organizations on content platforms can share 2 billion market commissions within three years.
Through the logical thinking of community economic business logic, the completion of the B-round financing. Mr. Luo's thinking position as "knowledge carrier", its micro-letter subscriber has also broken through 5.3 million people, in order to attract a sufficient number of loyal users, for this community to provide various types of consumer services, and successfully explore the development path of community economy, The financing is valued at 1.32 billion yuan, led by the Chinese Cultural Industry fund, Qiming Ventures and other investment, its valuation in more than a year's time to increase more than 10 times times.
Tiger sniff nets and fly Bo to create a successful listing of new Sanbanxi. Among them, the Flying Bo is a total impact of the Internet from the media companies, has successfully created a high-quality media matrix group, its own "cold jokes" and other famous grassroots Bo, as of May 31, 2015, the company's micro-BO, The total number of micro-credit account fans has surpassed 150 million, including Sina Weibo fans of 83.56 million, Tencent Weibo fans of 30.06 million, micro-credit fans of 32.95 million, mobile phone app users reached 11.27 million. Benefited from the huge user base, in 2014, its main business revenue rose 104.39% year-on-year, net profit rose 255.02%.
Wu Xiaobo vigorously layout from the media. In April 2015, the new media in Anhui paid 157 million yuan in cash, in exchange for the Wu Xiaobo control of the Blue Lion 45% stake, become its largest shareholder, and successfully listed new Sanbanxi. Since then, Wu Xiaobo co-founded the lion-sharing new Media fund, focus on the investment in the media, one is to invest in micro-credit public accounts, "catering boss internal", the value of 100 million yuan, investment 20 million yuan; the second is to invest in micro-credit public accounts "wine industry"; third, investment micro-credit public accounts "10 reading", Investment of $30 million in the valuation of 3 million; four is the investment micro-credit public number "12 cylinder car" "Car morning Tea" "Car fault", valuation 150 million, five investment in the micro-credit public number "B-block 12 floor." Plus the Wu Xiaobo channel, 6 million total subscriber coverage has been completed. In addition, video platform two more, from the media advertising trading platform at present, fast-path network, Elephant Guild, Amoy number, love gossip growth Association, space, micro-broadcast easy, new list, the soul of the woman with fragrance, New Media Index, Peer-to-peer observation, start bar, no coronal finance, etc. to obtain a number of unequal financing.
Of course, it is also important to emphasize that the greater the success of content entrepreneurs, the greater the disintegration of traditional media organizations, the reason is simple: in the traditional media under the dominant environment, content-related practitioners can only be attached to the traditional media organizations in order to engage in editing work, The traditional media relied on the relevant licences and actually made a monopoly on news editing. In the Internet context, content entrepreneurs themselves do not need any relevant licenses can engage in related content creation, the licence is provided by the Internet platform, which actually broke the content practitioners of traditional media system attachment, fundamentally disrupted the traditional media organizations. So can traditional media divide content editors into one group to start content? This road basically does not work, for three reasons: one is content entrepreneur independent venture to enjoy full equity, as a shareholder to their own work, is so-called "persistent production has perseverance", equity is the best incentive mechanism, and this problem in the traditional media system is difficult to solve The average ability of content entrepreneurs is much higher than the average level of traditional media. As the traditional media as a state-owned system, there are a large number of redundant, and the backbone of the ability to come out after the start of business and further reduce the capacity of traditional media level, making the core competitiveness of traditional media further decline; third, content entrepreneurs are more likely to bear the risk than traditional media, So they will be far greater than the traditional media, regardless of effort or scale.
Under the background of the national media integration strategy, it is more feasible for Internet giants with huge users to merge or integrate traditional media. From the practice point of view, in recent years, whether it is the international Amazon or domestic Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu and other internet giants are using its huge user base, advanced technology and huge financial strength began to reverse the integration of traditional media. Especially after the American Amazon takeover of the Washington Post, through nearly 2 years of transformation and integration, the "Washington Post" has been revitalized, showing a good momentum of development, which also fully illustrates the Internet to integrate traditional media is a feasible way.
First, Alibaba buys Youku potatoes. Alibaba started with E-commerce, has attracted hundreds of billions of users, and then entered the internet finance, Pan entertainment industry, health industry, media industry, etc., to create a positive feedback of the positive strengthening of the ecosystem. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions in the media industry, Alibaba has successfully been in the media industry, such as video, social media, traditional media, film industry, news client and so on, the media empire has been formed.
Second, the cool potatoes and Beijing Caviar culture together Beijing satellite TV, in the summer Golden file joint launch "Who is the singer", using "three-screen interactive mode", through the combination of game with the implementation of Cross-border robbery, creating a new network platform linkage.
Third, Archie Arts launched the "tomb-robbing Notes", "Shushan War" and other TV dramas in the video site premiere, attracted a large number of toll users. "Grave Robber notes" on-line 22 hours after the realization of the flow of billion, broadcast the month paid VIP membership of 5.017 million, the year-on-year growth rate of 765%, but also once led to server downtime, estimated "grave notes" to Archie Art brought about by the membership fee of nearly billion yuan. "Shushan War" was launched that night to attract 3.8 million VIP members online watch, pay users to increase to nearly tens of millions.
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