英文论文写作切忌盲目修改

很多留学生都知道写好英文论文之后，最好再进行修改润色，但这件事情总被他们忽视。也有的留学生说改不改都可以，没什么区别。之所以会有这样说法，那是因为他们都是盲目去修改论文的。那么写好一篇英文论文后该怎么修改呢？下面就给大家讲解一下。
为何对自己的文章进行自我修改困难且不显效果
一篇发表于“Journal of Research and Reading”的学术文章中提到，人们在编撰修改自己熟悉的文本和文章中错误的发生率往往是最高的。那么，这个世界上什么是你最熟悉的文本和文章呢？莎士比亚吗？还是上帝的箴言？
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不，都不是，你自己写出来的东西才是你自己最为熟悉的！这些文字诞生于你的脑海又逃脱思想的束缚跃然于指尖，是的，那些出自你自己手下的文字所汇聚的才是你最为熟悉的文章！这种强烈的熟悉感会使你产生一种巨大的自我满足感，这种自我满足蒙蔽了你的双眼，这意味着你要是自己对自己的文章进行提高修改是非常困难的。
不是只有菜鸟才需要进行写作修改
不管你是什么水平的人，你都需要为你的文章进行近一步的修改和润色。
在写作当中，如果你的读者看不懂你的文章，从而使他们失去对你文章阅读的兴趣，这便于你十分不利。这时你便需要对文章进行修改润色。
自我修改的一些建议
如果你一定要进行自我修改编辑的话，这里有五点建议给你。
1、写作与修改不要在同一天进行
在你的写作与修改之间留出时间，比如你在星期一完成文章的写作，那么等到星期二你再去对你的文章进行编辑和修改，这样能有效提高你修改的质量，并且能避免修改中出现的错误。你写作花费的时间越长，你越需要等待更久的时间再对你的文章进行修改。对于短时间的写作，像是雅思作文的练习，学校的短篇essay作业，你则需要隔上几个小时或者一天的时间再对你的文章进行自我修改。对于长一些的，比如学校的大型论文，或者小说的写作，你则需要隔上2，3天甚至一个星期再对你的文章进行修改。
2、列一份关于你写作中常出现的问题的清单，然后按照你的清单来审视你的文章
举个例子，如果你经常混淆“there”与“their”，或者断句经常出错，那么列一份清单，将你写作中常出现的错误写进清单中。当你进行写作和修改的时候，注意清单上的错误并找出它们。
3、通过自动检查语法错误的程序来审查你的文章
许多写作软件，比如word，都带有automated grammar check的功能，这些功能能帮助你很好的发现和改正你文章中基础的语法与拼写错误。不过需要注意的是，这些程序只能辅助你发现一些平常的语法拼写错误，并不能帮助你更好的修改你的文章，也不能辅助你提高文章的逻辑和深层文法，因此使用这类软件来进行自我修改还是存在一定局限性，不如请一位专业的导师来帮助你编辑。
4、大声的朗读你自己的文章
我常常使用这一方法来帮助别人或我自己修改文章，而这一做法常常让我的家人非常抓狂（^.^)。 我发现这个方法能让自己轻易发现文章中的错误与不足，同时大声的朗读你的文章也能够帮助你更好的捕捉到你写作时心中的观点和想法。
5、尝试让你的同学或者朋友帮助你修改你的文章
让你的同学或者朋友来帮你修改对你也是十分有利的。外人，例如你的朋友和同学看待你的文章是客观的，他们能比你更好地发现你文章中的瑕疵和错处。在学校中的一项研究显示，学生们使用纠错软件来修改自己的文章质量远远不如让同学帮助自己修改的文章质量。
以上就是关于英文论文写作的修改讲解，建议同学们在完好英文论文时，最好过两天再去修改论文。
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如何写Persuasive Essay Outline

Persuasive Essay Outline，就是大纲。很多留学生在写作Essay的时候都没有写大纲的习惯，其实这是非常错误的。Outline对Essay整个写作过程都具有很强的指导作用，所以写Outline是非常有必要的，下面就给大家讲解一下。
如何写好一个Persuasive Essay Outline
Persuasive Essay Outline的Introduction
首先重要的是你需要找一个你能够支持的Topic。比如说，你要写一个关于动物权益(animal rights)文章。我并不是说我们要写那种老掉牙的“人类不应该伤害动物”之类的文章，而是我们要把人权赋予到我最喜欢的动物身上：Dog。
1、写一个Hook句。我们在很多文章中都一再强调，一定要写一个强有力的hook。你的每个introduction 段都应该有一个Hook。比如:
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Dogs are actually smarter than human babies, and even more useful and loyal too. In addition, they will never throw a tantrum. If dogs are such good people, don’t they deserve equal rights?
2、锁定你的读者。这一部分就是用一两句话使你的读者迅速意识到他是你锁定的读者中的一员。以我的例子来讲，我在多伦多，那么我就会写一两句涉及本地的内容:
For all dogs who have ever been turned away from a hotel, disallowed access to transit, or rejected from a public park, it is time to stand up for your pet’s rights-and your right too!
3、展现你的Thesis Statement。同其他的essay 一样，在这一步，你清楚的表明你的文章的态度和具体的你所希望你的读者认同的点。和写argumentative essay 一样，你需要清楚的表明你的立场，而不是模糊两可。比如：
The dogs of Toronto deserve the same rights and privileges as granted to our youngest humans, such as the right to visit restaurants, ride buses, walk off-leash, and go to the cinema so long as they are accompanied by a responsible human companion.
Persuasive Essay Outline的Body Paragraphs
具体写多少个body段取决于你的文章的要求(比如，你们老师要求写个5段式essay)以及你的Topic（如果Topic比较大，你可能需要多写一些Body段）。在这篇文章里面，我决定写三个body段。
你在Body段所给出的原因可以是充满感情的，逻辑上无懈可击的，也可以是与道德相关的—只要你的原始是具有说服性的。另外，你的每个理由都需要有一个事实或者例子做支撑。
Persuasive Essay Outline 的 Conclusion
到此，我们已经给出了我们的理由以及支撑的事实或例子，那么现在是时候做一个总结了。你的结束段应该包含以下几个要素:
1、简要的总结Brief summary。你需要再次提醒你的读者，为什么你的话题对他们是重要的。比如:
如何写好一个Persuasive Essay Outline
2、对读者的好处 Benefits to the reader. 解释针对你文章提及的问题做出行动对你的读者来说有什么好处。比如:
如何写好一个Persuasive Essay Outline
3、呼吁行动 A call to action。你希望你的读者做什么？比如：
如何写好一个Persuasive Essay Outline
最后，我们为大家准备了一个outline的模板，希望对大家有用:
Persuasive Essay Outline
I. Introduction
a. Hook sentence
b. Define the audience
c. Thesis statement
II. Body paragraph 1
a. Reason #1
i. Supporting fact or example 1
ii. Supporting fact or example 2
III. Body paragraph 2
a. Reason #2
i. Supporting fact or example 1
ii. Supporting fact or example 2
IV. Body paragraph 3
a. Reason #3
i. Supporting fact or example 1
ii. Supporting fact or example 2
V. Conclusion
a. Brief summary of the topic
b. Benefits to the reader
c. Call to action
以上就是关于Persuasive Essay Outline的写作讲解，希望同学们都能花点时间去写Outline，这对写作真的帮助很大。
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Paper代写：Australia's food economy

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Australia's food economy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了澳大利亚粮食经济。澳大利亚种植的粮食产物主要有小麦，大麦，燕麦，高粱，大米，豆类和一些油料作物，其中，小麦是其最重要的粮食作物。由于澳大利亚人口少，内需有限，所以80％以上的小麦和大麦用于出口，分别在世界贸易出口中占10％15％，是世界上主要的食品出口国之一。
Australia geographical environment Australia is located in southwest Pacific and between the Indian Ocean, the Australian mainland and Tasmania group Become, occupying an area of 768 square kilometers. Australia's population is less than 20 million people, average every square kilometers To 2 people. The agricultural population around 850000, accounting for 5% of the total population. Cultivated land area of 44.4 million hectares, according to the average total population Calculation, each have three hectares of arable land. Australia covers a vast area, in NaWenDai and subtropical, mineral resources Rich, farming and animal husbandry developed.
More than 80% of the land is owned by the state, the state through the licenses, the state-owned land to rent to transfer to the farmer and rancher or long-term use. Second, the Australian food economic types Australia mainly grow wheat, barley, oats, sorghum, rice, beans and some oil crop, among them, the wheat is the most important food crops. Australia's wheat quality, in food output, small Michael accounted for 59%, 14.8% barley, oats accounted for 4.8%, rice 3.6%. Among them, the wheat and the barley respectively The world output by 3% and 2%. As Australia less population, domestic demand is limited, more than 80% wheat and barley Used for export, exports respectively in the world of trade is 10% 15%, is one of the leading exporter of food in the world . Three, Australia food economic basis Australia has 130000 farm, there are about 50000 farm to grain is given priority to, 50000 farm in 80% of the farms To grow wheat primarily. Australia food production is basically a family business is given priority to, by more than 90% of the farm Personal or family members have. Wheat average farm size is 900 hectares, Australia's national each year about Planting 10 million hectares of wheat, 2.5 million hectares of barley. Four, Australia food management level Before the second world war, the Australian agricultural production is basically operations, food production level Low. 1934-1938, grain yield per hectare was only 792 kg, and the government of grain production and sales dry the less, is basically free circulation.
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The second world war, Australia, i.e., the rapid progress, the cultivated land War in the early 13 million hectares, and expand to 44.4 million hectares of now. Grain also increase, by early war More than 650 hectares of increased to more than 1720 hectares. The federal government in Australia and sparsely populated, according to its labor The characteristics of the lack of power, with the focus on agricultural mechanization, obtained the quite big achievements. With the agricultural mechanization Practice, agricultural management way also gradually to change from the extensive style of intensive, grain yield level, wheat yield the highest level in the world. Five, Australia food environment for economic development Due to the increase of grain production more than the growth of the domestic grain consumption, Australia, the grain production Profit depends on the international market, and the second world war, the Australian food exports account for the proportion of the total production general In the above 50%, general can achieve 80% above, individual year even more than 100%.
In the post-war world food For a long time, the main production surplus grain for state one thousand laid-off food markets, in the great international background, and Australia Leah of grain production and sales can national intervention. Six, Australia food economic intervention policy Australia's food policy intervention is the world food intervention policy more successful examples. Play Australian The government in food production and marketing management in the role, is their food market system important to the success of an experience. In the city Field of perfecting the western market mechanism, the government still play a very important role, food market is no exception.
Australia is one of the main market economic countries, food production and sales though some market mechanism guide, food Prices have to supply and demand, but Australia at all levels of the government attaches great importance to the food production and market management, In the grain market system running plays underestimates role. Seven, food classification management 1, Australia is a federal, state, the states has a greater independence. The federal government and the states the food of management institution is based on the development of the market economy requirements set, in food production and marketing management in the play Since different effect.
The federal government is mainly responsible for the national food production and sales legislation and the relevant policies, the state negative Blame state food production, storage and transportation and sales work. The federal government in Australia primary industry and energy department representative league The government might be responsible for food policy and scientific research work, mainly including the food production, trade, and quality inspection , the nutrition and health and research and development five areas of policy. In all kinds of food, the federal government primary products industry and can The source of the direct management is mainly wheat, barley and other food mainly by the state government. As for food purchase And sales of concrete work, set up by the state through the states of food agency responsible for. The federal government in Australia about agricultural management agency has a distinct characteristics, it is carrying out a from birth Production to processing, distribution and the integration of the relevant link, and the circulation management as key to treat. In grain flow Tong, a domestic trade foreign trade by federal primary products and the doe unified management, foreign ministry actively Cooperate with developing international market.
This not only avoid the agency set overlap, overstaffing, mutual dispute over trifles phenomenon, mention High work efficiency, but also reduce the government workers and financial expenditure. 3, wheat is the main types of the Australian food production, grain production in 60% and 70% of, in the food accounts for more than 80% of exports. In view of wheat in the important role of the whole national economy, from the beginning of the twentieth century the Australian The federal government to implement policy intervention for food, wheat is only in federal law under the jurisdiction of the grain crops. 4, according to the second world war of the existence of the world grain production long-term excess situation, Australia The government food policy goal is basic, adjusting production, the expanded sale, make the region as far as possible together, minus Light surplus pressure.
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Paper代写：Evaluation method of Australian enterprise performance

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Evaluation method of Australian enterprise performance，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了澳大利亚企业绩效的评估方法。企业绩效的综合评估，会受到内部和外部因素的影响。因此不同的市场环境，不同的发展阶段，企业使用的绩效考核方法是不一样的。而澳大利亚评估企业的绩效，一般采用平衡计分卡方法，确定企业的关键指标，实现战略目标，进行持续的后续考核评估，反馈推动企业实现战略目标，确保绩效考核结果的客观，公正。
Enterprise Performance evaluation method is one of the basic tools for the implementation of the Enterprise Performance Management, its fundamental purpose is the evaluation and control on firm performance, and so to establish interest-oriented mechanism to guide all levels of the enterprise implementation of the established business objectives. .
Conduct a comprehensive evaluation of business performance is well received by the corporate strategic planning, governance structure, quality of personnel, management processes and other internal factors, is also affected by government laws, customers, competition means many external factors. This paper describes the basic methods of the Australian enterprise performance evaluation. With the deepening of China's state-owned assets management system, state-owned assets management department through the improvement of the regulatory measures to control the ways and means to guide the enterprises carrying out state-owned asset management objectives is to further improve the state-owned assets management system content and face urgent task. Understanding of the Australian corporate performance evaluation method in Enterprise Performance Management, Australian experience is worth study and reference. Enterprise Performance evaluation is one of the basic tools for the implementation of the Enterprise Performance Management, its fundamental purpose is the evaluation and control on firm performance, and so to establish interest-oriented mechanism to guide all levels of the enterprise implementation of the established business objectives.
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A comprehensive evaluation of enterprise performance is well received by the corporate strategic planning, governance structure, quality of personnel, management processes and other internal factors, but also by government laws, customers, competition means many external factors, so a different market environment, different stages of development, performance evaluation method used by the enterprise is not the same. An Australian corporate performance evaluation of the basic method described Commonly used in the Australian enterprise performance evaluation methods such as Balanced Scorecard, Activity Based Costing (ABC), economic value added method (EVA), quality management, customer value analysis, performance prism method, which is widely used The Balanced Scorecard method. Balanced Scorecard is a performance evaluation method was created in 1990 by Professor Harvard Business School Kaplan and Norton, Professor, is an extensive performance evaluation system, had been "Harvard Business Review" as "the most important management tools, 70% of companies apply this evaluation method in the Fortune 500 and Fortune 1000 companies, 55% of businesses have adopted this method of performance evaluation. Balanced Scorecard analysis of corporate strategy and corporate strategy, financial, customer, process, learning and growth of four aspects of the correlation between and links the evaluation of quantitative indicators and qualitative indicators The two sides of the evaluation, to determine the key indicators of the enterprise to achieve strategic objectives and key indicators to evaluate ongoing follow-up examination, feedback to promote the enterprise to achieve strategic objectives and to ensure the performance evaluation results of an objective, fair. Balanced Scorecard in corporate finance, customer, process, learning to balance and growth of four at the same time, achieve a balance of long-term goals and short-term objectives, the balance of performance reasons, and performance results.
Financial performance evaluation is one of the important elements of the Balanced Scorecard, shows the overall business strategy plans and shareholder expectations on enterprises. Business strategy, financial aspects of indicators generally include: net assets yield rate of return to capital to be occupied, profits, turnover, cash flow and other indicators. Two. Customer side. Under market economy conditions, the customer is the key to the enterprise to win the competition and continue to thrive, managers must seriously consider one, reflecting the expectations of the customers of the enterprise. Customer indicators generally include: target market sales (or market share), customer satisfaction, new customer development rates, customer retention rate. 3. Process aspects. The process is mainly reflected a business should be action to achieve its strategy and achieve its financial and customer objectives. The process is generally some drivers to determine the indicators based on business strategy and value proposition. Such as operations, customer relations, innovation, and regulations. 4. Learning and growth. This is the Balanced Scorecard attraction at the. Learning and growth of enterprise human resource management to a strategic level, from a human perspective to established enterprises to establish long-term development of infrastructure. With people, learning and growth indicators generally include: key employee retention, key managers the ability to improve the implementation of the ERP was assessment of the number of new product ideas. Second, Australia's state-owned enterprises Performance Evaluation Method of Practice Balanced scorecard and corporate strategy linked to the enterprises to determine their own value proposition, a clear development focus, early detection of problems, timely correction control system, and has an important role, the Australian Government on the performance evaluation of state-owned enterprises and enterprises internal performance evaluation of the widespread adoption of the Balanced Scorecard method. (A) the specific practices of the Australian Government to the implementation of performance evaluation and management of state-owned enterprises. In the 1997 Australian Federal Business corporate governance approach "provides a comprehensive standards and guidelines for the evaluation of the performance of state-owned enterprises.
Performance evaluation and management of state-owned enterprises, mainly the implementation of the following processes: A. State-owned enterprises established by the Minister for financial management in accordance with the guiding objective of the enterprise. In order to facilitate the performance of private enterprises, the goal of state-owned enterprises as far as possible consistent with the private sector. Although the goal of each state-owned enterprises or different, but its ultimate goal is to operate in accordance with the world's best corporate. Two. Will be the guiding objectives of the Government's broken down into financial targets and non-financial objectives two to perform.
Financial management of state-owned enterprises, the Minister established the guiding objectives, business management, the target is divided into two parts of the financial and non-financial, and determined according to each enterprise's different every year. General financial objectives include: the shareholders can accept the lowest rate of return, return on assets, weighted average cost. Non-financial objectives are based on state-owned enterprises differences are relatively large, such as "how much mail is the next day sent the evaluation of the Australian post office every day, how many there are benefits to working hours" as the Bar Association evaluation index. 3. The state-owned enterprises on a regular basis take the initiative to the Business Consulting Department report on the implementation of the goals, and then report to the Minister by the business management. General business every six months to provide a first progress report, according to Minister of the requirements of each quarterly reporting of performance evaluation reports. 4. Performance evaluation based on the actual implementation of the relevant objectives of the enterprise. 5 Analysis and the evaluation results and the variable pay linked to fix next year's business goals based on the implementation of the relevant objectives. (B) of the Australian state-owned enterprises, the implementation of the practice of internal performance evaluation. Australia's state-owned enterprises in the performance evaluation accept the Government's Enterprise Management Division at the same time, also use the Balanced Scorecard performance evaluation of the internal management. A. The board of directors of state-owned enterprises on an annual basis the guiding objectives of the Enterprise Management Department, combined with their own strategy, value, location and operational status, the development of the performance goals of the enterprise. Two. Decomposition of performance targets, set the Balanced Scorecard's four strategic performance goals. Performance goals step by step implementation of the units and individuals at all levels within the organization. 4. The balanced scorecard and floating remuneration linked. 5 The application of balanced scorecard software systems, regular reporting of performance results and analysis based on the evaluation strategy to be adjusted accordingly, and then repeat the above procedure. Balanced Scorecard in a clear corporate strategy to ensure that the outstanding performance of the corporate strategy implementation, many Australian companies, utilities and government agencies use the Balanced Scorecard to evaluate.
It is understood that the Australian Centre, the link Fund Westpack Bank, Australia Financial Management, Enterprise Management Department units are the use of Balanced Scorecard Performance Evaluation and Management, and has made a more successful experience. (C) of the Balanced Scorecard method of application of the pros and cons analysis. Implementation of the Balanced Scorecard from Australia, the actual situation, the Balanced Scorecard has obvious advantages compared to other performance evaluation methods: First, the balanced scorecard can help companies to strategic business objectives to tactical conversion into a series of action programs, implementation of the strategic management tools help to overcome the traditional enterprise performance evaluation method of performance evaluation and implementation of the strategy out of line, business goals and personal, departmental action divorced from insufficient; achieve the financial indicators and non-financial indicators organic combination of quantitative indicators and qualitative indicators, will help the enterprises starting from the main factors to achieve strategic business objectives, a comprehensive evaluation of business performance, to overcome the heavy financial indicators in the traditional enterprise performance evaluation method, light non-financial indicators, heavy internal factors, light of external factors and weighs the drawbacks of the results of measurement, light process control; is to achieve financial, process, customer, learning and growth of close causal chain links of the four levels of indicators, on the one hand, is conducive to the realization of the enterprise at all levels of action and strategic objectives concerted and simultaneous increase in all levels of business or sector performance and their overall business performance, the other hand, a comprehensive evaluation of business performance, and guide enterprises to focus on long-term development, develop a comprehensive competitive strength. Implementation of the Balanced Scorecard from the Australian business practice, the Balanced Scorecard is mainly the following deficiencies: First, the balanced scorecard does not reflect the enterprise to achieve the success of strategic business innovation factors. In today's competitive market environment, the critical success factors of corporate strategy and management is whether the core competitiveness, which in turn depends on the continuous innovation of enterprises. The role of innovation in the BSC has not been given sufficient attention, although reflected in the internal business processes and learning and growth indicators, but not sufficient; Balanced Scorecard Although formed between the four levels of indicators the causal chain, but the link between financial indicators and non-financial indicators is not clear; the difficulty of design and value of non-financial indicators, the reliability of non-financial indicators is difficult to guarantee; the four balanced scorecard implementation on the premise that there must be a scientific and rational, feasible and effective development strategy, the first strategy, then design evaluation, strategic design unscientific, evaluation and implementation of results is not correct, and the enterprise's strategic scientific formulation is very complex.
In addition, the establishment and successful implementation of the Balanced Scorecard system, you also need the support and assurances of the following factors: the determination of senior management, support and participation; enterprises must have a clear strategic objective to eliminate the barriers of functions between the different departments of the enterprise and beyond; corporate strategic management, performance management, with the variable pay linked; supported by effective IT systems, communication, tracking, timely adjustments; upgrading of human resources management to a strategic level. The performance of state-owned enterprises in China to evaluate the implications for the management With the deepening of China's state-owned assets management system, the state-owned assets management department through the improvement of the regulatory measures to control the ways and means to guide the enterprises carrying out state-owned assets management objectives is to further improve the state-owned assets management system content and face urgent task. Understanding of the Australian corporate performance evaluation method, we believe that Australia's experience in corporate performance management, it is worth our careful study and learn from. (A) to carry out the enterprise performance evaluation is to improve the state-owned assets management system. From the practice of the Australian Government to the implementation of performance evaluation of state-owned enterprises under market economy conditions the Government on the management of state assets must be with an effective and feasible means and methods, in order to effectively maintain the ownership of state-owned assets, the effective maintenance of business autonomy. Government, through the implementation of the performance evaluation of state-owned enterprises, one conducive to the establishment of a state-owned assets on behalf of the Government sent to the enterprise performance evaluation system is conducive to the effective implementation of the responsibility for state-owned assets; is conducive to the implementation of the state-owned assets management objectives . Australia's corporate performance management focus on closely integrated with the strategic objectives, the Government may be involved in the preparation of the strategic objectives, and levels of state-owned assets management responsibility.
At present, China's state-owned assets management system remains to be further deepening of the formation of state-owned assets management institutions, to establish a State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration system, just one aspect of a sound state-owned assets management system, to effectively achieve the goal of state-owned assets operation must also be fully use the international advanced management methods and tools, with advanced management tools to enhance the ability and level of state-owned Assets Supervision and Administration. Enterprise Performance evaluation can contribute to state-owned assets supervision and management objectives are closely integrated with the business objectives of state-owned enterprises, promoting the organic combination of timely monitoring and results of operations of the business process metrics, which the enterprises operate independently under the premise of state-owned assets operation goals. (B) to carry out the evaluation of business performance is an effective way to improve the corporate governance structure. Sound corporate governance structure is an inevitable requirement of enterprise development in the modern market economy conditions, but also for management in accordance with the rules of market economy requirements of the state capital. Corporate governance structure is perfect, whether reasonable not only in its organizational structure, the number of board members and structure, but more importantly to have a sound governance mechanisms. Especially in state-owned economy, the state-owned asset management through the improvement of corporate governance structure, to create and optimize the principal-agent management.
Government must put in place effective measures to fair, objective and scientific evaluation commissioned by the state-owned assets on behalf of business performance, and in order to establish an incentive and restraint mechanisms to guide the state-owned assets on behalf of the exercise of the duties of the state-owned assets management and safeguards commissioned to promote the shareholders' representatives and real exercise shareholder responsibilities. Australian Government enterprise performance evaluation as an important means for the implementation of effective management of state-owned enterprises, the establishment of the board of directors must be based on market economy rules require that each state-owned enterprises under the Board of Directors Nomination Committee, Audit Committee and Remuneration Committee.
Accept the Government's performance evaluation at the same time, the Board also organized internal performance evaluation, performance evaluation results to go through the Board of Auditors, and internal personnel selection and pay decisions based on; Financial Management Division based on the results of performance evaluation decided to send Director candidates and pay. (C) the business performance management is an important method of adopting strategic management. Strategy is the direction of the development of enterprises, enterprise performance management objectives and basis; performance management is a specific means of implementation of corporate strategy.
Only two closely combined, the establishment of a strategic performance evaluation management system, enterprise performance management in order to better play its role to guide the development of enterprises in the right direction. Reason why the balanced scorecard favored by large international companies, it is effective in achieving the balance of financial and non-financial objectives, results and the process of balance, the balance of long-term goals and short-term goals, performance management and balanced implementation of the strategy. Many companies in China has established the performance evaluation management system, but most is out of line with the corporate strategy, neither the design of performance evaluation is based on strategic business development planning, there is no combination of the requirements of the implementation of the strategy to the dynamic evaluation at all levels performance, resulting in the vertical up and down the objectives of the internal inconsistencies, between the lateral sector business objectives could not cooperate, and ultimately lead to corporate strategic objectives can not be achieved, performance management does not play its due role.
To this end, we should fully learn the concept of the Balanced Scorecard, Enterprise Performance Management System and strategic objectives are closely combine the development of performance evaluation management system, according to the development of strategic objectives, and performance evaluation management system, corporate strategic objectives an important tool. (D) Performance evaluation should focus on outcome evaluation and process control balance.
The purpose of performance management is to guide the enterprise and various sub-businesses to operate in accordance with established strategic planning, performance management must be in-depth day-to-day business processes and control of the situation, not only in the ex post evaluation of the results of certain operating performance during the more important thing is to run through timely diagnosis and monitoring things, through the performance management system operating characteristics of the enterprises as well as problems and propose solutions. Australian businesses in the implementation of performance management is the overall business strategy clearly passed and broken down every aspect of the enterprise, every employee, and timely evaluation of every aspect of the performance of every employee to play a monitoring, control, correction role, not only the daily operation monitoring means can be used as management, but also as a means of monitoring by the Board of Directors on business management, and provide timely, comprehensive and reliable basis for decision making.
Of corporate performance evaluation now stands after the measurement and evaluation phase in the performance results, not yet play the role of the performance management process control. Variable performance measurement to performance management is the task facing China Enterprise Performance evaluation. (E) enterprise performance evaluation should focus on the balance of the financial indicators and non-financial indicators. The excellent financial results is the most important goals of the business. Financial indicators, enterprises must operate during the operating results of the post to reflect the short-term, and afterwards other limitations, it is difficult to reflect the complex process of competition in the market in the enterprise to achieve long-term fruits of growth factors, such as the skills of employees, internal process improvements degree of customer satisfaction, new product development and production capacity. Do the organic combination of financial indicators and non-financial indicators, on the one hand, affirmed the corporate short-term operating performance, on the other hand, can to some extent, to avoid excessive damage to the short-term behavior of the corporate long-term interests.
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Essay代写：Australia's Social security model

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Australia's Social security model，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了澳大利亚的社会保障模式。澳大利亚的社会保障模式是社会救济和个人储蓄的混合模式。无论如何，单一的养老保障制度肯定是不足的，其中一个缺点就是，强制性储蓄制度的积累不能解决所有的养老问题。此时，有必要引入其他辅助系统，同时使用各种老年保障系统来弥补单一系统的缺陷。
In Oceania, Australia is known as a coordinated national economic and social welfare, which is inseparable from the unique mode of social security in Australia. Australian social security model as the core of social assistance to poverty alleviation as a policy objective, the state government's full support.
Introduction to Social Security:
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Australia is a federal state with more than 1800 million population, consists of 650 local governments by the federal government and six state and two territory governments. The social security system in Australia began in 1909 as the core of social assistance, complemented by some of the social insurance scheme (mainly the mandatory occupational pension and voluntary pension savings plans), and universal health care plan, including old-age security, health care , family allowances, disability protection, preferential pensions, housing subsidies, immigration assistance, disaster relief grants and community service. In Australia, all social security benefits, in addition to Child benefits are based on income surveys, all allowances are to implement a single rate, and paid directly by the total treasury.
Social Security Mode:
Australia's social security model is a hybrid model of the social welfare relief and personal savings. In any case, a single old-age security system may be inadequate, one drawback is that, for example, the accumulation of mandatory savings system (whether it is state-owned or private) can not solve all of the pension problem. At this time, it is necessary to introduce other ancillary system, while using a variety of old age security system to compensate for the defects of a single system. Mixed mode of social welfare and personal savings, this is less than complementary of these two models adopted. It's characterized by individual savings-based pension, social welfare and relief, supplemented by a pension system. The main use of this model in Australia, and achieved good results. Personal savings and pension system introduced in Australia in 1992. The introduction of the purpose is to ultimately reduce to rely on social welfare relief and increase savings, thereby increasing investment. Through the accumulation of capital and increase investment in order to speed up economic growth. To achieve these objectives, so that people save more, the personal savings of the old-age pension may be exempt from tax by the private fund company pension. The old-age pension from the mandatory savings and voluntary savings. To retirement, people can once all the pensions year by year. By the method of the tax system, the government is trying to encourage people year by year.
The main features of this model are: the government only for a specific object to provide social security, mainly those living in poverty, and the rest of the members of society through the market channels for personal protection, and thus this model is a typical market-based security system. Social benefits and public subsidies are the principal means adopted by the Government.
Formation of reasons:
Compared with Western countries, the pace of development of the Australian welfare system is rather slow. Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), released by multiple sets of data show that the growth rate of the 1970, 1955, in its member countries, compared to gross national product growth and revenue growth rates, Australia used for welfare funding is the most slow. Australia in the early 1960s and the mid-1970s for social security and welfare funds accounted for 9.6% and 12.8% of the national GNP at that time, lower than the average of the 18 member states, ie, 13.2% and 18.8% column last 3 of the welfare system and the complete extent of much inferior place in other countries. Although its benefit in expanding the scope, but there are still many blind spots. Labor market, for example, in Australia employed population in 1990, 20% is difficult to enjoy the employment insurance odd jobs over the same period the proportion of the United States and Japan were 16.9% and 17.6%. Reasons contributing to this situation:
Historically, Australia is a newcomer to the capitalist countries, the level of capitalist development and maturity of less Western countries, the welfare system is a product of maturation and development of Western capitalism.
On social conditions in Australia, the rich and the poor and the poor little higher degree of social well-off, therefore, the urgency of building a welfare system as Europe and the United States.
On the Australian welfare system itself, which is based on the pattern of the British welfare system, lessons learned and cautious exploration, combined with country-specific actual situation, and gradually built up.
This regard to avoid many mistakes and losses, but on the other hand, lead to the slow pace of its development. Formation history of the Australian welfare system date from the early 20th century, there is already a century. Australian social reform and modernization of the main contents and characteristics of one, it is accompanied by the maturity of the nation's economic development, the evolution of political and social needs continuous improvement, expansion, deepening, the amendment and supplement, and gradually formed. improve and establish. Australian national consciousness in this process, the localization abandon shows a great role, so that the original Australians regarded as "exotic" Western welfare system gradually rooted in the continent of Australia, and thus form suitable for the Australian community, with Australia characteristics, social system and to promote the transformation of Australian society. Its people's behavior norms and values, the realignment of the relationship between various social interest groups, as well as the entire nation and the historical process of arising is profound and immeasurable.
The revelation of the Australian social security system
The pattern and level of social security and national strength, national conditions and adapt. Existing universal, high-welfare social security in Australia and over the years, the country's national strength, national conditions and development and changes in the basic phase of adaptation. A small population, the country strong is a major feature of Australian, and this is in fact the main basis for Shigao Fu Lee. Compared with Australia, China's a great contrast. First, population, highest in the world, is 66 times that of Australia. Resident status is complex, agriculture and non-agricultural sub, the elderly, faster than the major population of the aging process. Look at the comprehensive national strength, China's per capita GDP is only 6231 yuan, less than Australia's twentieth. Additionally, China's urban-rural divide, the larger and agriculture, between China's social security model can only be a multi-level, urban and rural areas there are other, while not a popular type of security, protection of subsistence, rather than the welfare and protection. This is social security with Chinese characteristics.
Adhere to the country, units and individuals jointly responsible for, the "trinity" of the social security system. The last hundred years of history of Australian social security system, social security payments, the supply side, taking on everything from the federal budget, federal and state government classification burden to the federal government, state government and employers, employees share the burden, after a number of twists and turns, past the various difficulties to become the major milestones of the Australian social security system reform, and is making efforts to promote and perfect. China's social security system reform, although the time is short, but the social security payments by the government, enterprises (units) and individuals share the burden of the mechanism is hard to come by, and effective ways of head in the right direction, you should stick to it, to be improved . In the future, should gradually reduce the proportion of investment of the government budget, and gradually increase the proportion of the burden of individuals, enterprises (units). As long as the affordability and financial resources, national strength and personal, social adaptation, the proportion of the Government's burden a little higher or a little lower, will not affect the status and role of government in Social Security. Not to the level of government investment ratio to determine the functions of government regulation and supervision of social security. In particular, reduced the proportion of government investment, we must pay more attention to and strengthen government supervision.
Strengthen the regulatory capacity of the financial department of social security. Social security laws and regulations, policy formulation, management and supervision of financial accounting and security funds, the Australian financial sector has played an important role. In the "long" management, the financial sector not only shows the important functions and roles, and social security spending accounted for a high proportion of government budget expenditure, it is rare. China's social security system reform, has taken a welcome step. The country's financial system lead to set up a special social security institutions; at the central level, has established a special Ministry of Labor and Social Security, to break the situation of the social protection of labor, civil affairs, personnel, health "separatist". Ancillary, and below the provincial level will also make the appropriate reforms. It is noteworthy that, at present, our government financial regulation on social security is not strong, the proportion of social security expenditure in the government budget is only about 10%, only quite a quarter of Australia. Not be overlooked is that China's current social insurance fund expenditures, has entered a "crisis" period, pension, unemployment, laid-off workers the basic living security is "rest on our laurels" in many places difficult to sustain. In the future, must be "timely and in full" social security expenditure truly placed in government budgets at all levels of an important strategic position, attach great importance to be taken seriously.
To accelerate the social security legislation. Australian social security Dafa, there are dozens of individual social security regulations, the amount of text is more than six years ago, to be changed 4-12 times a year. In contrast, the legal construction of China's social security has lagged far behind, "France" there is no law there is no strict it up with nothing. Starting from the development and the reality of our political, economic and social systems, in establishing a sound social security legislation should grasp these points: First, the size of simultaneously advancing the country. It is necessary to accelerate the social security legislation of the Basic Law, but also attach importance to and strengthen the building of the local laws and regulations, the best from top to bottom. First started, and then perfect. Subjective and objective conditions of social security legislation in our country after years of reform and development, mature, and imminent. Should be introduced in advance, to be revised and improved, is not guaranteed. Third, should be "rough" should not be "fine". Too perfectionist, fine, and strict, is not conducive to an early introduction, and even possible long-term "pull" down. However, not shoddy, full of loopholes. Focused, from point to plane. Such as pension, unemployment, medical social insurance, both hot and difficult, but also the reform of the current focus, such as a breakthrough of great significance to the entire social security legislation.
Establishing a sound social security oversight mechanisms. Learn from the experience of Australia, China to establish a social security oversight mechanisms should be noted that the following four aspects: First, to establish the supervision of the organs of state power. Special social security committee set up within the NPCSC to give the corresponding functions. The second is to strengthen the social insurance fund levy, payment, and accumulated, operation, preservation and appreciation of the supervision. The third is to strengthen financial supervision and auditing. Finance and audit departments of the insurance fund organizations in national and local financial revenue and expenditure, capital management and the operations on a regular basis to inspect, audit, and report results to the level of government. Fourth, strengthen the supervision of the social security system, evaluation system to eliminate false impersonator phenomenon of social welfare. Such as the creation of false the impersonator monitoring, assessment procedures, protection of property, income, employment situation, the status of the assessment, evaluation, and not enough conditions to stop the relief, and given some punishment.
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