下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Schramm's idea of communication,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了施拉姆的传播思想。在传播研究领域,施拉姆的地位举足轻重,他是传播学的奠基人。施拉姆开创了美国的传播学科,他的传播思想对美国乃至全世界的传播研究领域有着引领的作用。施拉姆的传播思想分为理论型传播思想和应用型传播思想,其中应用型传播理论是以其理论型传播理论为基石的。
The development of communication disciplines in some countries of the world, especially in developing countries, has been influenced by his detached status and his tireless research on communication.
The spread of schramm penetrated and affected the entire history of American communication, so that from 1933 to 1973, the study of American communication was called the "schramm era". Schramm is the first communication with journalism, sociology, psychology, political science and other disciplines are combined, the transmission as a special subject to study, and has exerted a great influence in the spread of academia. Schramm contribution lies in his ability to all kinds of convergence, extensive research into a whole, more important is he can recognize these studies can build a new academic field, and he has the ability to create mass communication in the university in the United States. It is the unique personal charm and working ability of schramm that makes the communication discipline established in American universities and has been developing for decades. At the same time, with the influence of the international political economy, the communication discipline has been created and developed in developing countries, so that the communication disciplines can be spread all over the world.
As in 1920, Charles? horton? cooley, wrote in his diary: "the real sociology is claimed to system's autobiography. The organization and progress of the whole society is in the mind, and I and others like me only understand what it means to us. This passage not only reveals the great contribution of cooley to American social thought, but also highlights the need to understand how his personal life has shaped his thinking. Also, the spread of schramm thought depends on the formation of his personal work and life trajectory, schramm's life experience, the spirit of schramm also can well reflects his ideological form spread, to some extent, can help us more clear understanding to the spread of schramm thought connotation.
Wilbur? schramm was born on August 5, 1907 in Marietta, Ohio. At the age of five, after an unsuccessful operation, schramm suffered from stuttering and suffered from stuttering. It was not until he was 21 years old that he graduated with honors from Marietta college, and for the first time in his life, he learned to live with a stutter. He then went on to study at Harvard University. During the period of learning, schramm took A famous philosophers? N ? whitehead's A graduate course, under the influence of another. Whitehead and schramm, is also a stutterer, maybe it is because of two people the same predicament, schramm is more willing to listen to and educated in whitehead, deeply attracted by the spirit of whitehead and infection. Schramm in Harvard University in 1930, after the master's degree of civilization, to the university of Iowa seeking ? E L ? professor Travis and W ? help Johnson, his stuttering treatment, and study for a doctorate. Johnson will be stuttering treatment, and research and linguistics theory, associated with general semantics, see stuttering as a today would be called a transmission problem. Schramm was deeply influenced by this view and gradually stimulated interest in the study of communication. In 1932, schramm earned a doctorate in English literature from the university of Iowa. He went on to get a postdoctoral fellowship, department of psychology at the university of Iowa with C ? E ? seashore professor conducted a two-year postdoctoral study. During this period, schramm conducted a large number of scientific experiments, learned quantitative research methods, and learned the research methods and techniques of a social scientist.
After the learning phase, schramm began to enter the work phase. He started as an assistant professor of English at the university of Iowa in 1935 and was the instructor of the writing class in 1939. During that time, schram often held seminars and laid the groundwork for his later PhD courses in communications at Iowa, Illinois and Stanford university. In the same period, schram was also influenced by the psychologist lewin, who joined the club of lewin, attracted and influenced by lewin's field theory. The university of Iowa was the origin of schramm's entry into the field of communication, and his study and work experience in Iowa laid a solid foundation for his later establishment of communication discipline.
When the second world war, the United States government to recognize the importance of communication, and in the invisible to weave a to Washington as the center, communication network composed of scholars from all walks of life, is used to research on the problem of communication. At this point, schram serves the bureau of statistics and the war information bureau and participates in it. In this communication network composed of many excellent interdisciplinary scholars, schramm has absorbed a great deal of information about the dissemination of content and research methods and techniques. Rogers believes that schramm's view of communication was born in his 15 months in the bureau of statistics and the war information bureau. After the idea of communication was gradually formed, schram set out to create the field of communication in practice. In the years since then schramm at the university of Iowa, the university of Illinois, Stanford university, research institute and the Chinese university of Hong Kong in the east and west building numerous communication mechanism, cultivate a large number of excellent researchers, and expand the new field of communication studies at the same time. At this point, the spread of schramm thoughts from his mind to the reality of colleges and universities and to show stereo out in the academic circles, the idea of the whole dynamic from the cloud to the spread of land institution stands, the transmission mechanism of a large number of excellent communication scholars including filling, like a colorful, three-dimensional dynamically displayed in front of our eyes.
"Being able to do" was the hallmark of schramm's life, and he was almost versed in everything he put into it. It is because of the "can do" spirit of schramm, he will overcome the difficulties, set up in colleges and universities to establish a communication agency, spread course, spread his own thoughts really implement, really contribute to spread. In his whole career development, he also encountered many bottlenecks, such as in 1959, the controversy between him and berryson. Such as the development of communication disciplines in the 1960s. Are inspired by his "can do" spirit, the reason with Michael berrer sen, and actively explore new areas of transmission, such as the field of media education, social development and international communication field, etc., with practical action to deny Mr Berlusconi "communication was wilting" argument.
At the same time, it is in the "can do" spirit, schramm tirelessly to develop new field, to actively carry out close contact and cooperation with developing countries, and in the invisible profoundly affected the developing countries to the understanding of the concept, also help developing countries created the communication discipline, set up a communication agency, architecture of the communication course setup, discusses the important issues in the field of communication. Above all, it has indeed contributed to the construction of developing countries. Such as media education theory to improve the cognitive level of the developing countries, raise the cultural level of people in developing countries, to some extent, to construct the developing countries, people's values, culture popularization of developing countries and the reshaping of the values has the positive significance. In the theory of social development, schramm, according to the developing countries of cooperation, build several development model, for the construction of the developing countries to provide important reference value, but also inspired other developing countries. Schramm transmission of human thinking is also reflected in the social development theory, as he believes that all countries are developing countries, according to different stages of development, the country's development needs to match the current stage of development, in order to better construction, cannot advance or fall behind; He thinks that the development modes of the interaction of human and society, the whole development process as a connected network, each factor on the network needs to be appropriate to cooperate, can't isolated operation, so as to make the country forward. In international communication ideas, schramm focus on the problem of the world information symmetry, and emphasized the new information order harmonic problems, put forward some humble advice to solve these problems. His these Suggestions and strategies for developing countries in the process of communication with the developed countries to spread to avoid some unnecessary interference, so as to communicate effectively, achieve their desired communication effect. In general, the "can-do" spirit runs through schramm's lifelong learning and work experience, which is the core essence of his achievement.
From schramm's life experience, we can see that schramm's life is mainly divided into two stages, one is the learning stage and the other is the working stage. During the working period, 1942-1943 was an important stage in the formation of schramm's communication ideas, during which schram worked for the bureau of statistics and the war information bureau. This stage plays an important role in the development of schramm's communication thought. Since time began, the spread of schramm began to pull his discipline building, in the process of the construction of a building, schramm overcome difficulties and constantly open up new areas, building a solid and rich communication discipline. As jack? lai le said, schramm is admirable, is not merely is that his interest is so widely, but in his behavior, professional knowledge and ability, and contributed to the development of communication for life. Schram's professional attitude towards the development of the communication discipline is worthy of respect.
Schramm worked hard and worked hard all his life. He wrote a lot of books and wrote more than 30 communication studies, totaling about 5 million words. The list of schramm works is shown in table 2.
From the list of schramm works, we see that the early schramm mainly study the spread of news freedom and social responsibility, social function, then he is committed to research and spread of the media and national development how to promote the development of the third world countries economic and social research. His research topic is very big, but not stop, look at the role of communication in the process of changing attitudes spread and how to provoke "revolution" in the history of desire, the desire of the resulting demand, promote the development of the society, etc. Schramm's idea of communication is embodied in schramm's works and is perfectly reflected in the spread of education activities by schram.
The spread thoughts of schramm can be divided into theoretical communication and application-oriented communication. When schram started his career in communication, he focused on the theories of communication, such as the framework of architecture communication, the process and effect of research and communication, and the responsibilities and functions of communication. When schramm for transmission theory has a certain cognitive, he started to focus on medium-term applied to spread, the spread of trying to make his own theory is used to, all aspects of social each stratums, and to promote the development of the society, truly the theory with the practice, rather than on the shelf, make the transmission theory can play a role in different levels of the society. For example, his media education theory, social development theory, international communication idea, etc.
Schramm's theory of applied communication is based on its theoretical communication theory. Schramm defining the relevant concepts of communication, building the framework of communication and discussion after theoretical elements such as the functions and responsibilities of a communication, he set out to apply theory to practice, opened up the spread of the media, social development and international research. Among them, the main part of the media thought is the original media education thought of schramm, and the content of this part is also very few scholars in China. Some relevant theories of social development are of practical significance and have important reference value for developing countries. Some theories of international communication have implications for international communication strategies and methods.
In the later stage of schramm, he began to plan and integrate his theoretical dissemination ideas and application ideas, and tried to generalize them in human communication. His idea corresponded to his later work. He tries to make the communication science as human social science, and can unify all subjects, so that various subjects can be connected into a close network. Schramm ideas of human communication from a macro point of view, to spread as the origin, interdisciplinary connected into a powerful knowledge network, trying to spread into ideas of various disciplines of science and human society, and hopes to enhance people's cognition as a whole.
The field of communication is so vast, the research methods are so numerous and diverse, and so many patterns are formed to form their own theoretical system, but the research of communication is in the ascendant. Some American scholars continue to work on spreading patterns and theories, and pay attention to the influence of communication on ideas, so as to have certain influence on social and social changes. In this paper, the author hopes to enlighten the social thought through the study of the dissemination thoughts of schramm, and also hopes to exert a great effort on the influence of social and social changes.
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