北美作业代写：Advertising music

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Advertising music，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了广告音乐。广告音乐首先属于音乐，它具有音乐的一般性质。在广告片中如果有一首动听的歌曲，有一段引人共鸣的音乐，不仅会吸引电视观众学唱，同时也可能会使消费者喜欢上广告音乐所宣传的产品。通常情况下专门创作的广告音乐是以传达商品信息、表现商品情感为目的的，激发观众的兴趣，使之对商品产生好感。另外音乐和画面一样具有很强的可记忆性。当广告中出现一个特定的音乐片段时，人们会自然地把音乐与广告主体联系起来。

Advertising is an art, and its connotation reflects the essence of culture. The higher the content of advertising culture, the more likely it is to be respected. With the rapid development of media technology, advertising media in change, the influence of the music in the advertisement creation breeds special value, become the Chinese bridge between enterprises and consumers, in this paper, the author with huawei mobile phone brand promotion piece "Dream It Possible, for example analysis.

Dream It Possible, a short video of huawei's brand promotion, is popular on the Internet and has become the latest symbol of the brand spirit and corporate culture belief of huawei's mobile phones in the hearts of consumers. This advertisement touched millions of audiences, first of all, it benefited from its advertising theme -- affection and dream, and opened up the resonance with the vast number of consumers. The purpose of advertising is to strengthen people's ideas and behaviors. Dream It Possible captures the commonality of human nature, universal values and aesthetics, family affection and dreams, which are the common feelings of human beings.

Only by catching people's hearts can advertising help enterprises attract consumers to achieve business goals. Huawei starts from the heart of consumers and integrates brand culture and consumer culture skillfully. Compared to previous huawei pay attention to scientific and technological level of propaganda, the promotion of pay more attention to promote brand level affinity, as the AD conveys emotion, combined with the persistent pursuit of a dream of the profound experience, supplemented by affection factors such as family, family, music, into the inner world, consumers gradually establishing brand communication with consumers, shows huawei friendly brand attitude -- in practice.

Dream It Possible is huawei's consumer business brand theme song, Chinese version by Jane zhang, a hit at home, the atmosphere of grand piano solo raises and powerful voice, objective said lyrics itself is a great AD copy. The words express the determination to dream and the future, and convey the core values -- dreams are the indispensable belief and spiritual support, which shock people.

Zhang liangying singing the first ten years of his career as a Chinese singer's interpretation of the "Dream It Possible", added an intense sense of music itself, seems to sing this song is also a Jane, her to sing again to those who, like her Dream, erected a bridge between the consumers and the brand, music listener moved by yourself, as if to listen to their story from psychological identity and accept the spread of the AD, when there is demand will choose products are in conformity with their own temperament.

Music can depict landscape, portrait image and personality, it is the digging of the characters on television advertising feelings, creating characters temperament and create an atmosphere of environment has played a very positive role.

The origin of music can be traced back to the pre-qin period. The original format was to use rap in advertisements that featured hawking, eating and drinking. The songs of chu refer to "the master looks at the four, the drum and the sword raise the voice". When jiang taigong was not employed, he lived in seclusion and practiced his butcher's business. When he was selling meat in the shop, he raised his "drum knife", that is, he beat the meat table with his knife while singing to attract visitors. Along with rapid economic development and people living standard rise, the audience's consumption is not simply buying a product, promoters also can't just send simple business information, everyone has realized that modern communications and consumer experience more and more tend to be some kind of emotional experience and satisfaction, just music become important bridge. Early on, song hye-kyo's music mobile AD and jay Chou's China mobile action zone myplace were very successful.

Advertising music first belongs to music, which has the general nature of music. In advertising if there is a beautiful song, this is a story of the evocative music, will not only attract viewers learn to sing, but also may make consumers like advertising propaganda by music products. "Dream It Possible" is a wonderful performance, which reflects the inclusiveness of music, a "language" that can be understood all over the world. Music also has a unique emotional, usually make advertising music performance is the convey commodity information, commodity emotional, for the purpose of inspiring the interest of the audience's affection for goods produced. In addition, music has a strong memory just like the picture. When a specific music segment appears in the advertisement, people will naturally associate music with the advertising subject.

Music, like architecture, fashion and other art, is a kind of culture in itself. As a special way of language expression, music has great appeal and subtle effect. To some extent, music has the function of expressing emotion, thought and even culture beyond words. As the saying goes, music has no borders. Beyond the expression of pictures and words, music can be the supplement and extension of pictures and words. Just as huawei's Dream It Possible USES music reasonably and appropriately, It can not only add color to TV advertisements, but also enhance the communication effect of TV advertisements. In the commercial advertisements we watch daily, background music can stimulate various emotions of consumers and promote the reception of advertising information. Of course, music can also spread the brand spirit.

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作业代写：The starting point of cultural differences between China and the west

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The starting point of cultural differences between China and the west，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了中西文化差异的起点。中西文化的差异，起根源就是“用心”与“动脑”。“用心”和“动脑”，影响到了人对自然地一个基本的态度。中国自古就提倡“天人合一”的传统思想，这种思想传统就是在“用心”的基础上发展起来的。而西方的“天人相分”的观念也是在逻辑分析思维下所形成的。其次，在“用心”和“动脑”的区分中，人与人之间相互的关系同样受到了影响，这就导致了人们对待社会生活和日常行为规范的一种截然不同的态度。

Since "introduces", comparing Chinese and western culture has been attracting the attention of scholars, scholars from various angles, various aspects to find the differences between Chinese and western culture, its fruitful, remarkable achievements. The comparison of cultural differences has been a hot topic in the academic field of international thought for a long time. Now, if only from an article Outlines of Chinese and western cultural differences, has not practical, so only through a point of discussion, but this discussion is also a clue to interpret, reality and feasibility of interpretation is a clue. As to borrow displayed by the clues to the comparison between Chinese and western culture, it will be a macro, great long epic, rather than a paper, a clear ZhongDuanPian works can study.

Here, our clue to the comparison between Chinese and western cultures starts from the perspective of thinking mode. It can be said that our human way of thinking is the core factor of culture. Or the essence of cultural difference is the difference in thinking mode. In the western world, "thinking" is closely related to logic and reason. From the beginning, western culture has paid attention to rational thinking and philosophical reflection, which is full of speculative philosophy. In the eyes of some western scholars, logic and rationality were the most lacking in ancient China. Most scholars were essayists and poets, especially Confucius. Although this statement is biased, it is true that Chinese traditional culture pays little attention to logic and reasoning, and the most important thing is intuitive understanding. Understanding is the fundamental criterion for judging a person's intelligence and intelligence. Although logic and insight cannot say who is superior and who is inferior, it is just like that of Chinese and western cultures. But its absence is real. This article is from the way of thinking comparison, and then expand the train of thought. The western focus on logic and rational thinking is more related to "brain", because rational thinking is mainly "brain". However, thinking that pays attention to intuitive understanding is more closely related to what Chinese people often call "heart", because to realize the world, we must always "pay attention". Therefore, the differences between Chinese and western cultures are attributed to two different ways of thinking. The west is a culture of "using the brain", while China is a culture of "paying attention".

"Mind" and "mind" seem similar, but they are different. Because Chinese people are still used to saying "learn with heart" and "achieve what you want", it brings up a question: is it the same thing as "use your mind"?

Historically, the Chinese people have been thinking with their hearts for thousands of years. That is, mencius said, "the official of the heart thinks." Westerners and Chinese, on the contrary, seldom believe that people think with their heart. As early as 500 BC or so, the ancient Greek medical scientist armand discovered through dissection that the brain is the central organ of sensory and intellectual activity, which is also firmly believed by most western scholars. Because in fact, the brain's relationship to thinking is easy to see, and the heart is the blood's "pressure pump." Although Chinese people have gradually come to accept this objective fact, why do most Chinese people still stick to the "heart"?

That is the "heart" because the Chinese and westerners "brain" itself is a deep-rooted cultural phenomenon, this difference if not to compare to examine from the Angle of culture, it is hard to say that at all.

"Mind" and "brain" are fundamentally two ways of thinking about the world. The mind is focused on the mind, and the knowledge and skills it has acquired are "to be understood and not to be told". But "use the brain" emphasizes the logical reasoning of things, and the knowledge and technology acquired can be taught through strict and accurate expression. Like food. When Chinese people cook, they like to say "a pinch of refined salt". Westerners would say "X grams of refined salt". This is the difference between feeling and logic. It is precisely because the two different ways of thinking, "mind" and "mind", have different positions in China and the west, that the different ways of thinking between China and the west are caused.

Modern science has made it clear that the human brain is divided into two hemispheres, and its main function is different. The left hemisphere, also known as the left hemisphere, is responsible for language, computation, analysis, and logical reasoning. And the right hemisphere of the brain, the right hemisphere, is mainly responsible for space control, art appreciation, imagination, intuition and other activities. In western culture, the so-called "moving brain" mainly emphasizes the activity of the left brain. The so-called "heart" in Chinese culture pays more attention to spiritual perception, which clearly emphasizes the function of the right brain. , therefore, can be directly reached a conclusion that westerners "brain" way of thinking, which is the main function of the left brain, and the "heart" of the Chinese people's way of thinking, often play is the main function of right brain. However, such a classification is too absolute, and many details are excluded. Therefore, it is better to use "use brain" and "heart" to summarize more accurate.

The distinction between "brain" and "heart" in Chinese and western culture also includes many external factors such as social form and geographical structure. China has been a whole since ancient times. In the feudal monarchy system, the monarch is also called the center of political life, and the central position is extremely high. Therefore, as the "center" of the human body, it is easy for people to associate it with the soul and spirit, believing that the heart can dominate everything. Therefore, Chinese people pay attention to the "center", which is different from Chinese people, that is, western leaders. Ancient Europe did not form a geographically vast unified country, mostly coastal islands. So you don't need a central concept. But the city-states needed a leader, so that a "head" was formed, with the "brain" as the master of all things.

Different attention to "heart" and "brain" has infiltrated the marrow of Chinese and western society unconsciously. Therefore, Chinese people hate "change heart" most, westerners are most afraid of "brainwashing". It is also evident in various academic fields. For example, the Chinese translate the concept theory and idea theory into "idealism", and the spirit and body into "mind and body relationship". Generally speaking, the different choices of "heart" and "brain" in Chinese and western cultures come from social life and influence social life at the same time. The impact is comprehensive.

The differences between Chinese and western cultures, including several basic aspects, are determined by the difference between "mind" and "mind".

First of all, "mind" and "brain" affect a person's basic attitude towards nature. Since ancient times, China has advocated the traditional thought of "unity of man and nature", which has been developed on the basis of "heart". And the western concept of "the separation of man and nature" is also formed under the logic analysis thinking. Secondly, in the distinction between "mind" and "mind", the relationship between people is also affected. This leads to a very different attitude towards social life and the norms of daily behavior. "Mindful" thinking focuses on flexibility and communication, while "brain" thinking focuses on the characteristics of things and relationships. Finally, the difference between "mind" and "brain" is determined through a series of links, which finally determines the different modes of social organization structure between Chinese and western cultures. Chinese culture tends to see all kinds of social organizations as an organic whole, while western culture tends to shape social organizations according to the machine structure. This difference, as an accumulated historical function, has also created two different types of knowledge systems in China and the west, the former being "mind art" and the latter "technology".

From the perspective of "brain" and "heart" from the perspective of Chinese and western cultural differences, of course not touch all aspects of comparison between Chinese and western culture, but as a foundation, it can be regarded as the key, and then loose the basic contents of Chinese and western thinking mode difference.

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法学essay写作引用格式讲解

对于在国外大学念法学专业的同学们来说，查阅文献是常事，因为法学论文是众多英文论文写作中需要引用最多文献资料的作业之一。所以法学系的留学生对于文献引用必须要掌握，不然就只能等死了。下面就给大家讲解一下法学essay写作的引用格式。

引用规范包括两个要求：一是对于参考借鉴必须注明出处，二是引用形式要统一

一、参考借鉴必须注明出处

在法学essay写作中，引用的功能主要包括三个方面：

1.帮助读者识别和调用相关文献资源：Help readers identify and relocate the source work。

2.证明论文的观点是经过充分研究得出的；Provide evidence that the position is well-researched。

3.尊重提出原观点、理论的作者：Give credit to the author of an original concept or theory presented。

此外，在阅读一些论文的时候，我们经常看到一个引用泛化的现象，就是引用没有体现上述功能。例如，将学界通识引用为个别知名教授的观点，将一些基本事实、常识引用为个别文章的成果，等等。

二、引用形式要统一

引用形式要统一，是指引用的格式必须按照标准化的要求做到全文统一，并遵循有关要求。在英文论文写作中，引用的格式有多种参考标准。在Google Scholar检索中自动生成的Citation形式里面，就有MLA和APA。此外，国际标准化组织（ISO）还发布了文献引用格式的国际标准ISO 690:2010（Information and documentation -- Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources），致力于推动文献引用格式的国际协调一致。文献引用格式的标准化，有利于促进文献数据的信息化处理，进而服务于学术影响力评价等诸多方面。

目前，各种类型文献引用规范都是推荐性的。各个研究机构、学术期刊往往会根据本领域文献的特征，选择其中一种或者自创一种格式作为采用格式。在法学essay引用格式中，以《哈佛法律评论》等为主的期刊联盟就自行制定了文献引用体系的蓝皮书，也即The Bluebook，该引用格式目前是英文世界法学文献的主流引用格式。此外，APA、Martin也被诸多法学研究机构和学术期刊采用。

1.The Bluebook 文献引用格式

法学essay引用格式

The Bluebook的英文全称为The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation，中文全称为《蓝皮书：统一注释体系》。在使用过程中，一般直接称为蓝皮书（The Bluebook），它是一本在美国使用最为广泛的法律引用指南。蓝皮书是由《哈佛法律评论》、《哥伦比亚法律评论》、《宾夕法尼亚法律评论》、《耶鲁法律评论》的编委会共同参与编写。蓝皮书第一版出版于1926年，现在已经出到了第二十版。蓝皮书是美国绝大多数法学院进行引用时参考的指南，也是美国绝大多数联邦法院使用的引用格式。当然，美国最高法院有自己的引用格式，每个州在自己的法院系统里也只遵守自己制定的引用格式。

The Bluebook全书共计560页，详细的列举了各类文献的引用形式。在书中，你可以看到中文文献的英文引用方式，也可以看到同一本文献的多种引用形式。其涵盖的文献种类如下图所示：

essay引用格式

在每一类文献的引用规范中，The Bluebook列举了许多中不同情况、不同形式的引用形式，供读者自己选择。例如，对于著作，他列举了一个作者、两个作者、三个作者以上的不同引用形式，同时对于一个作者的著作又列举了不同引用形式，供读者自行选择适用。在期刊论文、电子文献等其他各类资源下，也尽可能穷尽各种形式进行举例说明。

为了让读者有直观认识，列举几个The Bluebook的引用示例：

著作：PENNY A. HAZELTON, ETAL., WASHINGTON LEGAL RESEARCHER’S DESKBOOK, 3D (2002).

期刊论文：Helen Anderson, The Freedom to Speak and the Freedom to Listen: the Admissibility of the Criminal Defendant’s Taste in Entertainment,83 OR. L. REV. 899 (2005).

论文集：Paul Steven Miller, Analyzing Genetic Discrimination in the Workplace, in RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES IN THE BIOTECH AGE: WHY WE NEED A GENETICBILL OF RIGHTS (Sheldon Krimsky & Peter Shorett eds., 2005).

The Bluebook的详尽引用规范，一方面得到大百科全书的赞誉，另外也因为其过于繁杂而饱受了许多批评。例如，芝加哥大学直接将蓝皮书简化改版为Maroonbook，以增加适用的便利性。总而言之，The Bluebook是法学论文写作的必备书，但是并不需要使用者全文阅读，而仅仅是在需要使用的时候查看。尤其对于其他引用规范没有提到的偏门文献，The Bluebook往往也可以让你查到其引用形式。

The Bluebook虽然是必备工具书，但是其并未免费向社会提供，使用者必须用真金实银去购买方可获得。在The Bluebook发行的最初50年，该书的版权收益一直由《哈佛法律评论》100%占有，《哥伦比亚法律评论》、《宾夕法尼亚法律评论》、《耶鲁法律评论》到1974年时才意识到这一问题。最终经过争论，《哈佛法律评论》分享40%收益，另外三家各分享20%的收益，《哈佛法律评论》负责生产和销售。另外，记得在中国政法大学中欧法学院的课程中，讲授Legal Research and Writing的美国教授曾经专门向The Bluebook版权方询问，是否可以授权免费复印40余本用于教学。The Bluebook的版权方明确回答，必须付费方可使用，最后由学校付费才取得复印数十本的权利。在Amazon，目前第20版的The Bluebook售价32美元左右。The Bluebook的电子版在网上无法免费获得。对于其他途径获取电子版或复印版，各位可以根据著作权法的合理使用规则自行处理。

2.APA文献引用格式

APA格式英文全称为Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association，即《美国心理协会刊物准则》。它是美国心理协会（American Psychological Association）出版的，在包括法学在内的各个社会科学领域内广泛采用的文献引用规范。APA格式起源于1929年，当时只有7页，被刊登在《心理学期刊（Psychological Bulletin）》。目前，APA已出版至第六版（ISBN 9781433805615），总页数272页。

在APA格式中，引注没有The Bluebook那么复杂，其采用的引用格式也比较容易被读者记下和掌握。但是，APA对于法学论文中常见的案例引用等特殊情况，没有作出说明，由此导致采用APA格式的法学论文都需要再配合The Bluebook使用。

为了对APA格式有直观了解，举例如下：

纸质著作：Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

纸质期刊论文：Nevin, A. (1990).The changing of teacher education special education. Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children, 13(3-4),147-148

APA的第6版还特别新增了Kindle电子版图书的引用规范，例如：Eggers, D. (2008). The circle [KindleVersion].

APA格式也是受到著作权保护的作品，其售价为15美元左右。同时，在Google上可以检索到该书第6版的电子版。

3.Martin文献引用格式

Martin格式的英文全名是Introduction to Basic Legal Citation，即《基本法律引用指引》。它是由康奈尔大学法学院前院长Peter W. Martin教授创作完成。Martin格式最初诞生于1993年，在2016年做了最新修订，共计500页。该格式比The Bluebook简单易懂，同时还补充了APA格式对于法学论文引用的不足。此外，Martin格式的由作者通过互联网免费向社会公开使用，可以不受纸质版出版周期限制而作出及时的修订。

在Martin格式的第一章，其全面总结了主要的文献引用形式，并做了详细的讲解。因此，对于初学者来说，直接看Martin格式的第一章就可以比较全面的掌握英文文献引用的基本技巧。

总结

各类引用格式规范提供了多种参考格式，在没有其他要求的情况下，同学们只需要保障文中前后一致即可。

以上就是关于法学essay的引用格式讲解，对于上述的英文引用格式，同学们一定要掌握，不然格式错了会严重影响论文质量的。

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Paper代写：The extremism

本篇paper代写- The extremism讨论了极端主义。“极端主义”一般是指以某种极端的政治观点或意识形态作为信仰，有意选择以极端的手段特别是暴力手段来表达其观点、引起政治或社会变革的主张和行为。极端主义和恐怖主义相表里，要反恐首先必须反极端，因此很多国家一直都将遏制极端主义作为其发展的主要任务之一。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Extremism is distorted religious doctrine or other method of performance or implementation of inciting hatred and incite discrimination and promote violence and behavior, including extreme nationalism, extreme environmentalism and extreme animal protectionism, anti-abortion extremism, but one of the biggest harm was religious extremism. Political and religious extremism, with the purpose of antisocial, argues that the alien negativity, violent means, essence of the secular characteristics, it began with the illegal religious activities, through faith, terrorism development bursts fear of organization members, teach fear the way such as illegal crime, collusion between overseas hostile forces expedites the terrorism. The state combats and suppresses all forms of extremism in order to eradicate the ideological basis of terrorism.

By "extreme", people usually mean that thoughts and behaviors are more "radical" than the accepted norms and mainstream concepts in an extreme way. And commonly referred to as "extreme" generally refers to some kind of extreme political views or ideology as a faith, deliberately choose to extreme measures especially violent means to express their views, to cause political or social change idea and behavior. Modern society has the characteristics of secularism, peace and tolerance, and "restraining extremes" has become the common pursuit of modern society.

In the face of extremism and terrorism, it is essential to counter extremism in order to fight against terrorism. Therefore, China's anti-terrorism law makes containing extremism one of its main tasks. The word "extremism" in the anti-terrorism act a total of 26 times, but not the anti-terrorism act like treat terrorism expressly provide the legal concept of "extreme", just in the second paragraph of article 4 implies the connotation and extension of "extreme": "countries oppose all forms of inciting hatred to distort religious doctrine or other means, incitement to discrimination, advocate violent extremism, such as the ideological basis of eliminating terrorism." According to the regulation, extremism is distorted religious doctrine or other method of performance or implementation of inciting hatred and incite discrimination and promote violence and behavior, is the ideological basis of terrorism. Therefore, the connotation of extremism includes: the method of extremism is distorted religious doctrine or other methods; Extremist elements include incitement to hatred, incitement to discrimination, promotion of violence, etc. Extremism is the ideological basis of terrorism.

According to the provisions of the anti-terrorism act, the method of extremism is "to distort religious doctrines or other methods", so extremism is not limited to religious extremism. From the perspective of modern society, in addition to religious extremism, there are the following types of extremism:

Nationalism is the most important ideology since modern times, which is of great significance to forming modern nation-states and shaping the modern international society. And extreme nationalism is the most extreme nationalism, the narrow emotions and the most extreme performance, has strong exclusiveness, this ethnic group, it is usually the main body of national - interests over the interests of other ethnic groups, in a variety of ways infringement of the interests of other ethnic groups; To oppose immigration in a dictatorial and arbitrary manner and expel the non-resident population within the country or the region; Stir up discrimination and hatred against ethnic minorities and foreign ethnic groups, advocate ethnic discrimination and incite ethnic hatred. Serious extreme nationalism claims to the nation and national war on the enemy, even for ethnic minority people, the floating population, this ethnic advocating tolerance, national reconciliation launched a violent attack, attack, and even make ethnic killings, caused the domestic and international conflict between ethnic groups, ethnic conflict.

On the eve of world war ii, the extreme nationalism of Germany, Japan and Italy combined with fascism, leading to the human tragedy of world war ii. Extreme nationalism is often associated with terrorism. After world war ii, especially after the end of the cold war, often extreme nationalism and terrorism, terrorism is often the extreme nationalist action strategies and means to choose, extreme nationalism has become one of the ideological basis of terrorism. Irish nationalists, for example, have used terrorism to fight against British rule. Happened in Israel and the Palestinian territories, jews terrorist activities against British colonists, extreme jewish and Palestinian terrorist attacks between extremist groups, and extreme nationalists against the national advocate of national reconciliation in terrorist attacks; The armed forces of the African national congress (anc), the spear of the nation, have carried out numerous terrorist attacks against the racist regime in South Africa. Extremist nationalist groups such as Sri Lanka's Tamil tigers and Spain's eta have also carried out terrorist attacks. Since the 1990s, extreme nationalism, known as neo-nazism, has re-emerged in many European countries, such as France, Italy and Germany. In Germany, the racist far right gets 5% to 14% of the vote in every election. In 1992, they committed 2,184 ACTS of violence. In the Czech republic, the skinhead party often ACTS violently against gypsies and Vietnamese. In Hungary and Poland, jewish graves and synagogues are often desecrated.

The most serious of these is Russia's skinhead party, an extreme nationalist group whose xenophobia and xenophobia have been most prominent in recent years. Its members are mostly young people wearing Nazi logos. They shave their heads, dress in uniform, wear the "cross of the celts" and perform the Nazi salute. Their aggressive, representational and organizational nature is fully manifested in a series of actions. Russia had around 85,000 skinheads in 2008, according to a report by amnesty international. Jews, caucasians and central asians, African blacks and Asian black men have become the targets of hostility and rejection by Russia's skinhead party. Attacks by Russian neo-nazis killed 509 people and wounded 3,436 between 2004 and 2012, according to Russia's owl information analysis website. Across the spectrum, racist attacks wounded more than 500 people and killed at least 54 in 2004-05. In the first half of 2006, the number of victims of the skinhead attacks was 231 and 20 were killed. In the first half of 2007, there were 280 victims and 34 deaths. In the first three months of 2008, there were 86 cases of xenophobic attacks on ethnic groups in Russia, resulting in 49 deaths and 79 injuries, double the number a year earlier. Putin pointed out in the state of the union address in 2002: "the spread of extremism is a major threat" of national stability and social stability, he said extremism is mainly refers to those who shout the fascist and nationalist slogans and carrying a sign of their people, those who create havoc, beaten and murder.

Extreme nationalism could even worsen into vicious international crimes such as ethnic cleansing and genocide, as was the case with the genocide in Rwanda in 1994. In the history of the hutus and tutsis in Rwanda would live in peace, but in the colonial era, Germany, Belgium to Rwanda indirect rule, supporting population less tutsis and produce the Sumerian hypothesis, think tutsis belongs to higher such as race, is a natural ruler, in body, mind and ability is much higher than more hutu. After the independence of Rwanda in 1962, the hutus seized power and began to retaliate and repel the tutsis. The conflict between the two ethnic groups deepened and the country was in turmoil. Finally caused the massacre in 1994, in April to July within 100 days, with a population of just 8 million rwandan there are around 800000 people have been killed, victims are mainly tutsi, but also in the hutu quite a lot of people have been killed for national reconciliation shook the international community. Extreme nationalism, like religious extremism, is the two most serious manifestations of extremism. There is no extreme nationalism in China at present. The national problem facing China is the power of national separatism.

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Essay代写：The mobility of commercial bank flows

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The mobility of commercial bank flows，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了商业银行的流动性。商业银行的流动性是指银行能够随时满足存款者的提现需求和借款者的正当贷款需求的能力。提及商业银行的流动性就会想到盈利性，因为这两者是相互矛盾的，商业银行流动性越强，其盈利性越低。而且流动性还有一定的风险，如果商业银行缺乏足够的流动性准备来随时应付即期负债的支付或满足贷款需求，就会引发挤兑风潮或银行信誉丧失的可能性。因此，商业银行的流动性管理十分重要。

The liquidity of commercial Banks refers to the ability of Banks to meet the withdrawal demand of depositors and the legitimate loan demand of borrowers at any time. When it comes to the liquidity of commercial Banks, profitability comes to mind, which is contradictory with each other. The stronger the liquidity of commercial Banks, the lower the profitability.

The higher the cash holdings, the higher the opportunity cost of cash, the lower the shortage cost. That's because if a lot of cash is left in the hands of the Banks, it gives up the opportunity cost of investing in other profitable investment opportunities. But if the bank is faced with a massive withdrawal by its depositors, the cash can be paid directly to them without having to be cashed out. So there must be a point at which the two meet, and that is the optimal amount of cash. But for Banks, they are certainly not willing to leave a lot of money behind the counter and invest as much as they can, which creates liquidity risk. Liquidity risk refers to the commercial Banks lack of sufficient liquidity to cope with debt at sight at any time payment or meet the demand for loans, raising the possibility of a run or bank credit loss. Therefore, the liquidity management of commercial Banks is very important.

Why is the loan-deposit ratio a composite index? This is because the loan-to-deposit ratio is equal to the number of loans over deposits. Loans represent current assets and deposits represent liabilities, so the ratio of the two is a combination of current assets and current liabilities. The higher the ratio, the less liquid the firm is, because the larger the number, the smaller the number of deposits than the number of loans. In the last three years, bank of China has a high liquidity risk, with data for nearly three years running at more than 75 percent, indicating that most of the cash of commercial Banks is used for loans. The construction bank was second, but the Numbers were large, and the agricultural bank was lower than the first two. According to international practice, deposit-loan ratio should not exceed 75%, but our country in order to improve the ability of banking service the real economy and strengthen the confidence of the development of the capital market in 2015, plans to cancel the deposit-loan ratio this restriction. Although national policies have liberalized the ratio of deposits to loans, the CSRC should strengthen supervision of this aspect and prevent it in advance. Since there is no numerical limit to the range of the loan-to-deposit ratio, what should be used to represent the liquidity ratio?

There is no numerical limit to the loan-deposit ratio, but the liquidity ratio is limited. The liquidity ratio of both RMB and foreign currency should be greater than or equal to 25%. On the other hand, the liquidity ratio is that the liquidity assets are better than the liquidity liabilities. From the macro perspective of the balance sheet, it can better represent the comprehensive liquidity index.

According to the data can be seen in figure 3, the currency liquidity ratios change is not big, tended to about 45%, more than 25% of the China banking regulatory commission regulations, so the three Banks in nearly three years of debt paying ability is good.

The three Banks have been able to repay debt well in the last three years, generally approaching about 60 per cent. Among them, agbank's performance is particularly outstanding, so it is more stable in the face of short-term solvency.

From 2014 to 2016, the ratio of loans to total assets of CCB was 0.55, 0.56 and 0.55, followed by bank of China 0.54, 0.53 and 0.54, and agricultural bank of China 0.51, 0.50 and 0.50. It can be seen that the loans of these three Banks account for half of the assets of this commercial bank. The main reason is that interest rate cuts since 2014 have reduced the cost of corporate loans and made companies more willing to borrow from Banks. Another aspect, "Internet +", driven by the rise of many Internet companies, even if China enters the new normal economic times, but the Internet enterprise's running cost relative to the entity enterprise low cost, less variety of rent, utilities, etc., so the virtual enterprise under the environment of pricing can be relatively lower, consumers prefer the virtual consumption. As a result, various factors have driven the amount of loans of commercial Banks to account for half of the total assets.

The ratio of owner's equity to total assets is called shareholder's equity ratio in financial statements. The higher the value, the stronger the solvency of commercial Banks. From 2014 to 2016, the shareholder equity ratio of bank of China was 0.10, 0.08 and 0.07 respectively. Agricultural bank: 0.06, 0.07, 0.07; China construction bank is: 0.07, 0.08 and 0.08. From these data, it can be concluded that China's commercial Banks are heavily indebted, and over 90% of enterprise assets are mainly liabilities. In the long term, this has serious implications for solvency.

According to the above analysis, except the liquidity ratio shows good solvency, other aspects show weak solvency. The liquidity of Chinese Banks is mainly controlled by the central bank, and the credit is also backed by the central bank. The various policies issued by the central bank take the whole commercial bank into consideration from the overall situation, but lack of a specific regulation on the asset business of individual commercial Banks. Lack of independence, and commercial Banks by the central bank this all long, so even if the shareholders' equity ratio and other data show the debt paying ability is not strong, also does not have a strong sense of anxiety. Compared with foreign countries, foreign Banks focus on internal management, asset management, liability management, comprehensive management of assets and liabilities are internal commercial Banks should be the external environment change initiative to liquidity management.

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