作业代写：A comparison of eastern and western art

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- A comparison of eastern and western art，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了东西方艺术的比较。东西方文化中存在着许多差异，而东方文明是以中国为代表的。东方文明和西方文明之间虽然有很大的差异，但是它们都分别在不同的时间里扮演了重要的角色。而这种文化上，尤其是艺术上的差异，主要有不同的思维方式决定。东方人强调整体性和综合性，而西方人则重视个体性，讲究多样的标立新说。

There are many differences in eastern and western art, which are reflected in Chinese and western gardens. The Oriental garden represented by China is characterized by freedom, change and twists and turns. Western gardens are characterized by uniformity, unity and wholeness. The difference is not only in the garden but also in many aspects. This kind of artistic difference is determined by perception, aesthetic value, existence and so on.

There are many differences between eastern and western cultures, and eastern civilization is represented by China. Between eastern civilization and western civilization, though there is a big difference, but they are, respectively, played an important role in the different time, the existence is reasonable, so we can't go to deny the rationality of the existence of a civilization. Everything is dialectical and unified, with differences and certain commonalities.

There are cultural differences between east and west. And this kind of cultural difference, especially in art, is mainly determined by different ways of thinking. Oriental people emphasize integrity and comprehensiveness, while westerners value individuality. We Chinese always emphasize "harmony is the most precious", "unity of man and nature", etc., while the west pays attention to various new theories of standard-setting.

It can be seen from a small example that there are great differences between east and west in artistic expression. Dragon and phoenix represent good luck and good luck in the east, it is to point to the people's heroic meaning, dragon, phoenix are all special things, is a kind of Gospel. In the west, the dragon is the symbol of evil and evil, while the phoenix is the meaning of rebirth and resurrection. In western legends, dragons are giant lizards with wings, scales and a long tail that can blow fire from their mouths. In the middle ages, dragons evolved into symbols of evil. From the perspective of culture, the west has been influenced by religion for a long time, while China has been ruled by feudal ideology for a long time. Westerners believe in god, and it is sin to oppose him. The Chinese people believe in the heaven, the Buddha, and pray for good luck. The dragon, as its representative, is the supreme symbol.

From the garden landscape, it clearly shows the difference between the east and the west in art. Chinese classical gardens can best represent the eastern gardens. The eastern garden landscape represented by the Summer Palace, chengde summer resort, suzhou gardens and so on shows some of its unique features. Chinese garden building art is to pursue the spiritual realm of nature as the highest and final goal, so as to achieve the aesthetic artistic conception of "although made by man, it is from heaven".

Is to express the beauty of artistic conception in Chinese classical garden art content, to borrow a stone, landscape, rockeries, pavilions, flowers and trees form to express, geely pursuit of artistic conception beauty at the same time. And the application of the principle of artistic conception can always make visitors feel the designer's thoughts, to better understand the designer's subjective feelings. The artistic conception of Chinese classical garden construction needs to be written first. When constructing a garden, we must take into account the surrounding terrain. We must not deviate from the objective natural conditions, nor should we build a garden solely on the basis of subjective heresy. First from the objective environment and to go beyond the limited topography condition, through simple grasp and local artistic image of the whole idea, create bricks, scene appeared, the nature of the artistic conception of the sky. At the same time, Chinese ancient gardens are very different from western traditional regular geometric gardens, which are characterized by freedom, change and twists and turns. It combines the natural and higher than the natural and combines the natural beauty with the artificial beauty, so as to achieve the unique style of the natural landscape garden. Chinese garden artistic conception can be expressed in the following ways:

First, with the help of artificial rockery, pond, bonsai and so on, nature is concentrated in a certain garden, which is slightly reduced to nature.

Secondly, at the beginning of creation, a artistic conception is created first, and then the theme is set by the expression of lyric of mountain, building, water, pavilion and flowers and trees.

Third, artistic conception should not only be conceived in advance, but also pass the later stage of the door, corridor; Calligraphy and painting to further reflect.

In a word, the Oriental gardens represented by Chinese classical gardens are characterized by freedom, change and twists and turns. Western gardens are characterized by uniformity, unity and wholeness.

So why is there such a difference in the development of both sides?

First of all, there are different ways of perception. Chinese people are based on touch and taste. Chinese aesthetic consciousness is characterized by the prototype of touch and taste perception. Western aesthetic consciousness takes listening and vision as the way of perception. That contrasts the Chinese and western aesthetic consciousness, this can also be aesthetic consciousness in order to listen, visual as the basis of perception to form bright contrast, and it can be said to be the formation of Chinese aesthetic psychological structure of national characteristics.

Second, there are differences in aesthetic values. There are three aesthetic values in Chinese art. The world view of Chinese culture is composed of zen, Confucianism and Taoism as the main principles. On the one hand, they are different in culture and art; on the other hand, they have different tendencies in different years and jointly construct the basic aesthetic value of Chinese culture. In Chinese and western culture status of gods and men, is so difference, but overall the pursuit of a kind of Chinese culture "nature and man, and a" world view, it tends to merge with all things as a whole, has a certain item, therefore also has similarities with modern philosophy. Here, we put the "home" and "country" as the primary metaphor of the Chinese culture together, to analyse the Confucian, Taoist, buddhist, and will not be able to see the main principles of classical Chinese culture and Chinese art.

Two aesthetic values of western art. Just as the British scholar Arnold said, "western culture is operated by Greek civilization and Hebrew civilization as powerful spiritual source. The spirit of the Greek and Hebrew civilizations with different orientation on behalf of the westerners think sometimes very pursuit of spirit, the expression in art and culture, respectively in the two aesthetic value and spirit of western art, influence, the aesthetic pursuit of western artists."

First, the Greek aesthetic value. The greeks proposed a series of classical ideal values to the west, which included three main aspects. First, the greeks assumed that the universe as a whole was orderly and rigorous. Second, the greeks believed that the human body was a part of the universe, a small, ordered space in the whole large space of the universe. Third, the Greek style also emphasizes the diversity of classical aesthetic principles.

Secondly, Christian aesthetic value. Christianity provides western aesthetics with aesthetic principles different from Greek aesthetic values, which are mainly reflected in three aspects. First, the Christian principle is to emphasize the absolute beauty of god. Second, Christ's "incarnation" and Christian symbolism. Third, as a symbol of god's divine power, light and color represent another spiritual source of western civilization, Christianity.

At the same time, eastern and western art have something in common. First of all, both eastern and western cultures have different kinds of cultures, which are not single development. Both eastern and western art have developed in architecture, painting, calligraphy and sculpture. Secondly, both eastern and western art have certain inheritance.

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Assignment代写：The design of three-dimensional books

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The design of three-dimensional books，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了立体书籍的设计。早期，立体书被狭义地定义为翻开书页时可在页面上自动跳出三维空间造型的书籍，但不包括运用翻页、旋转等方式在平面图形上改变效果的可动书。现今立体书基本上泛指由于设计时加入纸工、纸技等部分，在翻阅时除了满足读者基本的阅读行为外，还可与书籍有进一步参与、互动的书籍。立体书突破了传统书籍的限制，能够通过各种创意设计帮助理解书籍的内容，增加阅读的乐趣。

Early, pop-up books be narrowly defined as turning the page on the page automatically jump out when three-dimensional modelling of books, but does not include use of pages, pull, rotate change effect of movable book in the plane figure. Now basically pop-up book refers to the design to join ZhiGong, paper technology and other parts, when read in addition to satisfy readers basic reading behavior, but also a further participation, interactive books and books. Stereoscopic books break the limitation of traditional books, and can help understand the content of books through various creative designs, and increase the pleasure of reading.

Books at home and abroad, the vast majority of three-dimensional books are on the market of children picture books, many children even parents to see books in these creative design is going to try and imitate even open the book to study the production principle of it. It is easy to damage, but due to the paper material itself by paste production, many structure after dismantling is difficult to restore, so often cause damage to books and did not figure out its structure to make the status of the principle.

In fact, the three-dimensional books while still in its infancy in China, but has a mature readers market abroad and the design of professional publications, its structure design most by professional paper art engineer to design creation. Many paper art engineer, such as America's David ? Robert carter, Britain's buda have published books, such as for interested in understanding the design principles behind the pop-up book explains its structure and principle. However, because this is a traditional craftsmanship and niche, the interpretation of each paper art engineer has filled the personal experience of unique artistic temperament, and there is no uniform classification, clear specification and accepted terms, a learning up quite a elephant ignore the general interest.

The author, by studying more than paper books and works of art engineer, to make a three-dimensional structure, and the actual summarized the following five kinds of common books three-dimensional structure: the wheel structure, the structure of the page, brace structure, the structure of the parallel line and intersecting line structure. It can be said that the three-dimensional structure in most books is based on these basic structures and then combined, expanded and changed. Mastering these basic three-dimensional structures is equivalent to mastering the design codes of paper engineers.

The wheel structure is a kind of book activity structure which was used earlier. The basic design method is a disk is placed on the back of the base of the page, in the center of the wheel with buttons or cut the cardboard, etc, and then based on the page in die cutting some can reveal patterns on the disk of the mouth of the cave, so that when the reader hand rotating disk, basic page with the pattern on the disk will form different combinations in order to change the scene.

Based on a page by pointer, in adding a eccentric wheel and tappet, increase the wheel method such as the number of layers, can make base runner structure becomes more complex, so as to create rich and colorful book structure.

The wheel structure, perhaps one of the first moving elements to appear in the book, has been around ever since. In the 13th century, a priest named Matthew Paris used a wheel structure in his biennial calendar. The manuscript of the monastery USES a number of circular charts to determine the different holy days. Parris created a wheel structure to connect these charts together, so it's much easier to find them, just turn the wheel, and you don't have to go through the whole book,

The wheel structure explains dates, stars, passwords, and so on. In 1540, a German professor of mathematics and astronomy named Peter appian published the book Caesar's astronomy. This is a hand-printed book, nearly 40 pages of which are made into astronomical and astrological wood engravings of rotating wheel structures, some of which have as many as five or six layers. These rotating wheel structures are used to calculate the position of planets, solar eclipses, eclipses, and even to predict the onset of disease.

Page-turning structure is the most common three-dimensional book structure, there are two main production techniques, one is to stick CARDS, the other is to open pages. Pasting a card means pasting a card on the underlying page, while pasting a card means opening a knife in the underlying page to reveal the pattern below. Both forms cover up the patterns on the text by pasting CARDS or unwrapping the page, and "uncover the mystery" by readers' hands turning over the paper.

Page-turning structure is also a classical technique in stereoscopic book and paper art. As early as the 16th century, academic books, such as medicine, were made from page-turning structures. In 1539, in the human anatomy professor andres visa Menelaus's historical treatise, the publication of human sexual physiological anatomy book along with six human anatomy of the folding card, here is the body's internal organs, each page but it disappears in the back of the folding card.

Later, page-turning structure was widely used in children's stereoscopic books. Anterior lobe of the 20th century, Italian pop-up books design master Bruno ? Samuel took force using a variety of page structure deftly made many children's pop-up book. His design was to have a picture of one animal on the page, but when he flipped the next picture, another animal would appear, so that the elephant would become a pony, the bird would become a fish, and so on. This design allows readers to guess what kind of animals will appear on the next page, which is quite interesting to find and guess.

The simplest brace structure is based on a rectangular piece of paper into a brace, and then along the brace trajectory based on the page in a slot open, will need to move the element through the slot position paste on the brace, so when readers pulling brace, the element will follow brace for mobile. This kind of structure can make cars move forward and small people run forward and so on, so it is also a common three-dimensional structure in children's picture books.

Brace structure there are so many changes in structure, based on the page such as increasing the number of slot, behind the brace increase connection with paper card, at the same time, a brace can drag multiple patterns of movement. Dean in the UK company, in the pop-up books published are at opposite ends of the brace insert two connected wands, images on the rod are respectively grandma and images of the windmill, readers as long as the pull the end of the brace, granny with windmills will be moving to form a interesting picture.

The pull rod control structure can be extended into movable link structure, lever structure and scene-melting structure. The method of creating the dissolving structure is somewhat similar to the principle of blinds. The main scene is on the page, and the pull bar connects the secondary scene to hide in the interlayer. When pulling the bar, the secondary view is gradually exposed from the diagonal line until it is completely changed.

Although the principle of this structure is simple, many interesting pictures can be produced if the picture is skillfully designed, which makes the reader astonished to see the page that can change the image. First a picture of a teacher in the face of such as book the class lectures, the students sit in order, but as long as pulling brace, it becomes another teacher back to students working on the blackboard, the class of chaotic images, readers especially children see this design would find interesting.

The parallel polyline structure is the most basic structure for making pop-up books. In this structure, all the polylines are parallel to the central polyline of the basic page. Parallel to the line structure is divided into two kinds, structure and 90 ° 180 ° parallel line parallel to the line structure.

Based page will be opened to 180 °, after a rectangle paper fold symmetry, symmetry across page paste in basic page, can be made into one of the most simple of 180 ° parallel line structure. By changing the shape and the location of the page and paste, or join other tangent, the basis of the parallel line structure can also extend to open the box structure, the structure of the cube, boat form structure, the structure of the cylinder and cone shaped structure, pyramid structure, the structure of the closed tent, etc.

If the above basic page to add layers of additional pages or cut the additional page again or make hole or rolled into different shapes, will create the pattern of the complicated and changeful, such peak representative works should be based on Rosa. Megan, published in 1887, author's international circus. The six-panel art can stretch up to 1.2 metres in length, with the circus performers' three-dimensional images cut and pasted.

90 ° parallel line structure is characterized by the page about split up and down is different from general folio. The way this structure works is to cut horizontally across the page directly on the underlying page, then fold outward or inward as needed. This type of design can only be opened in the page is 90 ° when has the stereoscopic effect, while being expanded to 180 ° line all flattening out, would completely change back plane and stereo effect.

The middle of the 20th century, the humanistic. Klein invented the 90 ° parallel line structure. In the previous parallel structures, the die-cut drawings were folded first and then glued to the flat paper. What makes crane's series different is that the illustrations are printed on the same piece of paper, then cut and cut into three-dimensional views. The flat part of the illustration is glued to the cardboard so that the origami stands as soon as the page opens.

Intersecting polyline structure is one of the most basic and effective three - dimensional structures. The method is simple, but the effect is outstanding, can give a person with "pop up" visual sense truly. In this kind of stereoscopic structure, all the polylines intersect on the central polyline. The paper used in this method is usually pasted on the page in the form of "V", so it is also called "V" folding.

180 ° intersection line structure, to 180 °, the discussion page presents the most significant stereo effect. The most basic of 180 ° intersection line of the structure of the production is very simple, will be a folded good paper and the center line of the line with the base page alignment, the perspective of symmetry in the paste in based on the page. Like the parallel folding structure, the intersecting folding structure can be extended into the box structure, pyramid structure, bird beak structure by adding folding lines and paper, etc.

The middle of the 20th century, the British publisher S Louis Gerald was a pioneer of the ingenious use of the structure. In his "model can jump out of the cloth cano tales, extensive use of the three-dimensional structure of the pop-up: jack in the box in the SIMS will jump out to, the royal carriage will stand up, the castle would rise from the hillside, the flowers will bloom.

The most basic of 90 ° intersection line of the structure of the method is very simple, a line as a starting point in the center of the basis on the page, draw two parallel line, along the line to launch the basic page ahead, basic page open into 90 ° when that will be a three-dimensional structure. When the basic page opened to 180 °, the structure and become a flat structure. The structure and parallel structure, 90 ° based page through the die cutting and line pressing can be generated.

The five most common types of stereoscopic book structures are briefly described above. In addition to these, tunnel structure, merry-go-round structure and so on are also quite popular. , of course, in the actual three-dimensional structure design, generally don't use a certain structure, but a comprehensive use of various structures, such as in ? David carter design "BLUE 2", as one of the integrated use of the page multiple brace structure and multiple parallel line structure, as well as nested attached many rocker arm structure, can be said to be rich and colorful, lively and interesting. "Alice in wonderland", paper art master Robert the buda with many pages are integrated using the intersection line structure and parallel lines structure changes, a page even joined the tunnel structure; The rich and colorful structure, combined with the new application of tinfoil, villi and other materials, together with the wonderful description of the classic style of famous illustrator John tanner, has formed an amazing effect.

The production of a stereoscopic book generally has to go through creative conception, prototyping paper mould, cost evaluation, illustration finalization, determination of die line, plate making, printing and other links. In this complex process, three-dimensional book designers: story creators, illustrators, paper engineers and other close cooperation. The lack of excellent original stereoscopic books in China is mainly caused by the lack of mature creative personnel, among which, the shortage of paper engineers can be said to be the most serious. I hope to see the rise of China's excellent original designers as soon as possible.

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英国论文的论证分析

在写作英国论文的时候，基本上论证是少不了的。英国论文的论证方法有很多，所以在写作的过程中，要学会加以应用，确定使用哪种论证方法比较合适。当然，明确论文的论证要求是前提，下面就给大家讲解一下。

确定论文的论证方法

首先要确定文章的基本论证方法是立论还是驳论。论文的论证方法，在一般情况下，法学论文的基本论证方法应当是立论。就是在这篇文章中确立一种什么观点，其实也就是文章的基本论点。围绕着这个主题，全面阐述它的正确性、必要性，以及具体的适用方法，使这个观点立得住，别人批不倒，立论就成立了。有时候，法学文章也要用驳论。集中一个错误的观点，进行全面的批驳，展现这一观点的谬误所在。

采用驳论写作的文章也是有的，只是不多。驳论的结果，还是要确立自己的观点，没有自己的观点，驳论就没有力量。当然，在一篇文章中，既有立论，也有驳论的，是最为常见的。立论和驳论在一篇文章中结合得好，文章就是成功的。

然后确定具体论证方法。关于论文的论证方法，比较法、演绎法、归纳法、推介法、综述法等等，这些方法都可以在文章中使用。有的时候做一篇文章，就使用一种论述方法。但实际上，在一篇文章中，尤其是分量较重的文章中，往往不会只用一种论证方法，而是根据文章说明的具体情况需要各种方法综合运用。

明确论文的论证要求

1、论文主题要鲜明

就是论文的内容要体现“标题”的内涵。即标题所说的“防卫过当若干问题探讨”，到底是哪几个问题，要在防卫过当的概念特征介绍完之后重点分析论证。一般来说这几个问题是你要写的重点。

2、论文要有一定的新意

一篇论文的价值在于它能分析或解决一些认识误区等现实疑难问题。作为专科生的论文内容不要求很深奥，但是一定要围绕一个主题把相关问题讲清楚。这就需要了解你所写的内容，在理论方面、在司法实践中、在人们的认识中有哪些问题是需要我们通过论文来说明的。也就是你要写的若干问题。

3、逻辑结构关系要清晰

论文的逻辑结构是通过大小标题的顺序和内容来反映的。或者是并列关系或者是递进关系或者转折关系等等。

以上就是关于论文的论证方法的详细讲解，论证是英国论文写作的重中之重，所以必须得把这部分写好。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：Film type

本篇paper代写- Film type讨论了电影的类型。从创作角度而言，类型指的是一种创作方法，一种以影片叙事成分的构建相似性为基础的创作方法。但在电影产业的大语境中，类型却是一种营销定位。好莱坞从一开始便把电影当作产品，而且还是作为电影产业或电影工业建筑材料的工业产品。类型是影片最短的说明书，它界定了影片故事情节线的走向，让观众提前做好观影的心理准备，从而使其观影体验达到物超所值的最大化效果。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Watching a movie when I was a kid, will be the preferred "feature", especially "battle feature film", and try to avoid use left pocket money on other such as documentaries, musical or XiQuPian "types" in the film. When children recommend each other or gossip about movies, they can't help asking, is it a feature film? How about war? Though young and shallow knowledge, the world is unlearned, humanitarian did not pass, but the "audience" as a self-taught, for viewing the choice of "type", there will be a kind of instinct and natural preference, although he don't know what was called a "type" fashion.

Thus it can be seen that the generation of the type is completely derived from the preferences and choices of the audience. In western film theory, the word "type" transplant "style" of literature, but when introduced to China accidentally be we mistakenly translated into "type", it is this mistranslation completely cut off its affinity and literary style. In fact, before a film genre really became a genre, there was a specific reference in English for its survival, which was what we call genre or genre.

From the perspective of creation, genre refers to a method of creation, which is based on the similarity of the construction of narrative elements in films. But in the big context of film industry, genre is a marketing positioning. Hollywood has been using film as a product from the beginning, and as an industrial product of the film industry or the building materials of the film industry. However, film is also a kind of spiritual product, which does not have the commodity property that industrial products can be copied indefinitely. The biggest challenge Hollywood's early marketers had to face was how to endow non-replicable spiritual products with replicable industrial properties. So, industry experience and instinct audience preferences and natural selection, Hollywood's marketing elite found and a variety of types and type, and then establish the type of conventional and creation to reversed transmission, makes no copy of spiritual product has the industrial product attributes can be copied. It is this cognitive, making the "type" become an important part of the movie, become an important concept, one must fully understand as magnificent building materials in one hundred, Hollywood makes it really made the film a xiong industry or industries around the world. So much so that there is a consensus in the mainstream film industry around the world that any creation that deviates from the genre is a desperate venture to "defy the investors". This is entirely due to the type of audience positioning function. Audiences will probably choose to watch or not watch the movie just because it belongs to a certain type. Whether investors, author or publisher, it must have got the message, with an open mind, because is the shortest manual film type, it defines the story plots, let the audience psychological preparation ahead of the screenings, making it experience to maximize the value of the effect.

In the history of film's hundred years of evolution, the genre was also created step by step. Some people think that the father of modern science fiction films is merier's 1902 "a trip to the moon". For this reason, the film is considered to be the beginning of the modern genre of science fiction. More popular genre about 15 species: action, adventure, animation, comedy, crime, documentary, the family, fantasy, horror, drama and dance, science fiction, suspense, war, and the west. The type name itself has a definite positioning effect on the audience. It is because of the positioning effect of these "master types" that various sub-types or mixed types are created.

Most of them are as old as the film industry itself, and some are later. For example, the animation genre began in the late 1920s, while the science fiction genre began to take shape in the early 1950s. And science fiction was originally just a subgenre of horror and fantasy mixed together. The two types of horror and fantasy are relatively old, dating from 1902 to 1910. As a sub-genre of science fiction mixed with both, it was not until about 1985 that the main genre was truly achieved. According to the industry wisdom of Hollywood, a sub-genre must continue for about 35 years before it can be solidified into a mainstream audience. It will take at least 12 years to achieve subtype status. Everything else is just a movie fad or genre, probably just a flash in the pan.

Comedy, for example, is the largest and most expensive genre in the world today, but it has evolved from a subgenre called farce. The reason why farce got into movies this time is because of the success of juggling. Farce became very popular as early as the 1910s. After world war ii, the genre was 35 years old. Farce as a film genre disappeared in 1960. Now that it is dead, it is at best a subgenre of comedy in its place under the main genre. Similarly, a combination of martial arts and spy types get type status until 2000, although as early as the first spy piece type 007 film, "Dr" in 007 was established in 1963, after the release of Wuxia films became popular in Hong Kong around 1966. The genre of crime films used to be called gangster films, which were a combination of gangster films and police films. Its name has been elevated to the genre of crime movies because the concept is more broadly defined. Gangsters and the police pills were appeared in the early 1930s, but not last, because of the long s interval and its the creation of the generation of the total, however, failed to develop deeply the main types of mainstream audiences and been replaced with the concept of crime drama.

To distinguish between types and type, or for reasons of audience positioning, because time type to a type of subdivisions, so to viewers, you can before the movie to exactly for what is going to watch films have a more profound understanding. From the point of view of creators, critics and marketers, there can also be a more accurate audience orientation. In the current popular types of more than 30 times, only those who can consistently enduring impact on the concept of film culture and film type, can be developed into a self-contained independent type.

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Essay代写：The impact of brexit on China's economy

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The impact of brexit on China's economy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国脱欧对中国经济的影响。英国在宣布脱欧之后，自身的经济增长、财政和外部收支平衡等都受到了一定程度的冲击，原本可以共享“单一市场”的通道也将会随之消失。这势必还会影响到中资企业在英国的业务发展，中资企业将会调低在英国长期投资的项目。中资企业面向欧盟的贸易往来、金融业务和人员流动等都不再像之前那样畅通了。这就迫使在英国投资的中资企业被动地调整其经营战略。

In recent years, China's outbound investment has been growing rapidly and in a large amount. One of the reasons is that China has excess capacity. Non-financial direct investment by Chinese companies in the UK exceeded us $13 billion, and the UK has become the second largest destination for Chinese investment in eu countries. The British people who left the eu proposed that in the future, they could discuss with China alone the establishment of a free trade area and reach a china-uk free trade agreement. As shown in figure 1, taking some major commodities as an example, from 2015 to 2016, China's export to the UK accounted for the proportion of China's total export of similar commodities to the UK. It is not hard to see from the chart that brexit has little impact on China's export, and some commodities have a slight upward trend.

Executive chairman of templeton emerging markets group, has "the godfather of emerging markets," said mark mobius once said in an interview in London, Britain to take off the will only accelerate the investment and financing "center of gravity" shift to Asia. This will contribute to closer economic and trade cooperation between China and the UK, while better addressing China's overcapacity problem. China has just set up the investment Banks, and is strongly "neighbourhood" all the way, in the economic development strategy, China should take this opportunity to strengthen cooperation in various fields with Britain, achieve win-win trade.

For China today, the eu is the largest trading partner and plays an important role. For the full year of 2015, for example, the UK accounted for 16.7 per cent of China's $356 billion in exports to the eu. The eu, meanwhile, is China's biggest importer, accounting for 9 per cent of imports from the UK. After brexit, the trade gap in the European market, the European Union is divided and the economy is in recession, which is not conducive to the development of the United States, and at the same time weakens the power to balance China. This has created ample space and opportunities for Chinese companies to "go global" more, and given the eu more opportunities for dialogue with China. China can trade directly with the eu market rules, problems such as direct dialogue, and combining with "neighbourhood" policy of promoting and geopolitical influence, in the long run, China's relations with the eu, the UK will become more harmonious, and solved the economic aspects of the United States, China and Europe to formation of the tripartite confrontation situation.

Monetary authorities in major economies will have to maintain or even expand loose monetary policy in order to cope with the uncertainty caused by brexit and prevent liquidity risks. A more relaxed global monetary environment and increased demand for risk aversion will help China's financial reforms. Since the central bank to the central parity of RMB exchange rate formation mechanism reform, the United States started raising interest rates again, domestic residents and enterprises to increase the sharp rise in dollar assets, reduce the demand for dollar debt, China's capital outflows stress significantly increased, leading to a sharp fall in the number of China's foreign exchange reserves. At this time, brexit is highly likely to prompt the major central Banks to maintain ultra-loose policies and usher in a favorable time window for China's financial reform.

The peripheral monetary easing policy is conducive to China's flexible use of sound monetary policy, and the interest rate liberalization mechanism is easier to play a role. Reasonable loose liquidity is likely to let financial institutions have greater freedom, can according to the market supply and demand and risk to a reasonable interest rate pricing, make the cash price elasticity, so as to more effectively meet the financing needs of the real economy. A deeper understanding of central bank policy and greater transparency in the pricing mechanism of RMB exchange rate are conducive to stabilizing expectations and promoting two-way fluctuation of RMB exchange rate. The CFETS exchange rate index fell just 0.19 per cent in the five days after the June 24 referendum, less than most non-us dollar currencies, according to wind information. At the same time, the RMB exchange rate depreciation is not accompanied by the market panic purchase, reflects the market main body behavior more rational, realize that the current value of the yuan are affected by the short-term external shocks, rather than a fundamental change. All this will help to boost market confidence in the RMB, so that existing exchange rate forming mechanism can operate in a more orderly way and enhance the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate. In contrast to the internal and external environment, the attraction of renminbi assets is gradually increasing, and the pressure on China from cross-border capital outflows tends to ease.

Obstacles to globalisation will force China to deepen its internal structural reforms. The brexit vote not only caused a significant impact on the process of European integration, but also triggered a rethink of global governance. China's huge internal market and enough resilience can better cope with shocks and balance internal and external development. When external markets are volatile and external demand is weak, China still needs to strengthen its internal efforts, resolve the internal structural problems and make up for the external problems. Supply side structure reform's core is to improve the quality of supply, through the reform to promote structural adjustment, enlarge effective supply, improve the supply structure for requirements change the adaptability and flexibility, so as to realize the balance between supply and demand of higher level. So China? Economic transformation of the current strategy is the best response to the changes of international environment, we should have a sense of urgency, to promote structural reform, the transition of old and new growth engine, with the steady development of Chinese economy, to play the positive spillover effect to the world economy.

Most of the Chinese companies investing in the UK have adopted the strategy of "relying on the UK and facing Europe", and the trial of the UK is a major bridge for China to enter the European market. These enterprises mainly include the following categories: investment in finance, infrastructure projects; Acquisitions of British companies, including British brands; Setting up research and development centres in the UK; Set up a headquarters in the UK to sell to the European market.

After Britain leaves the eu, its own economic growth, fiscal and external balance of payments will be impacted to some extent, and the channels that could share the "single market" will disappear. It will also affect the business of Chinese companies in the UK, where they will scale back their long-term investments. The flow of trade, financial services and people from Chinese companies to the eu is no longer as smooth as before. This has forced Chinese companies investing in the UK to adjust their business strategies passively.

In March 2016, London overtook Singapore as the second largest offshore renminbi clearing centre after Hong Kong. London was also a key part of the original RMB internationalization strategy. This brexit is bound to affect London's status as an international financial centre. After brexit, the monetary dividend disappeared, the liquidity of the local financial market in London decreased, and the financial market business of London, such as foreign exchange and precious metals, would also be affected. China's financial institutions will have to pay a lot of adjustment costs if the UK's strategy of promoting the renminbi in Europe is blocked.

All five of China's largest commercial Banks have branches or subsidiaries in the UK, with Chinese companies in the UK as their key customers. However, as mentioned in the previous section, the economy of Chinese enterprises in the UK is bound to be affected by political factors, causing huge fluctuations, which will bring a lot of losses to the banking industry. At this critical juncture, Chinese Banks need to reassess the UK's role in their "going global" arrangements and think about how to build links between UK institutions and the eu market.

There is great uncertainty in the follow-up process of brexit, which also brings great changes to the development of the global economy. Since China's reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, the economies of China, the UK and the eu have become interdependent. As mentioned above, the UK plays an important role in the internationalization of RMB. The eu has long been China's largest trading partner, and China has been the eu's largest source of imports and second largest trading partner for many years. This shows that the economic cooperation between China and the UK and Europe has great influence on each other. As the brexit process continues, Europe as a whole will be in a period of change. How to deal with this change has become a major and urgent issue for China.

All in all, brexit is not just a political issue. It will be a great challenge to the economies of China, Britain and Europe. China should fully recognize the significance of china-uk and china-eu cooperation, efforts to strengthen mutual cooperation in foreign, security and other fields, comprehensive and appropriately, to assess the effect of Britain to take off the emphasis in economic relations change according to its corresponding policy adjustments, to better promote the economic growth, benefit the people all over the world.

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