北美作业代写：Philosophical counseling

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Philosophical counseling，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了哲学咨询。哲学咨询又称为应用哲学或实践哲学，属于哲学学科应用领域的一个分支。哲学咨询是对世界观的一种诠释方式，是将哲学付诸实践的有力途径，其基本形式是在咨询师和来访者之间展开一种自由对话。来访者通过与咨询师的对话，不仅可以觉察出自己的核心问题，从而在对话的过程中逐步澄清思想的纠结，找寻解决问题的哲学思考方式，还能培养其哲学探究的倾向，使哲学始终成为心灵及行动的指导，进而保持心灵的宁静。

Philosophy consultation, also called applied philosophy or practical philosophy, belongs to a branch of applied philosophy. As one of the rapid development of philosophy in modern times, philosophy consultation began in Europe in the 1980s. In 1981, Jason kidd ? akon Bach in cologne founded a Philosophical Practices, first lift the Philosophical likely flag. Subsequently, philosophical consultation began to be popularized and applied around the world, especially in European and American countries. The most representative philosophy consultation abroad is the "philosophy cafe activity" initiated by French philosopher sutter, which has developed to over 100 countries in France.

Philosophy consultation is a way to interpret the world view and a powerful way to put philosophy into practice. Its basic form is to conduct a free dialogue between consultants and visitors. Visitors through dialogue with consultant, not only can detect its core problems, thus in the process of dialogue to clarify gradually the tangle of ideas, to find the philosophy thinking way to solve the problem, also can develop the tendency of its philosophical exploration, makes philosophy has always been a soul and guidance of action, and keep the peace of mind.

Therefore, dialogue is not only an important way to communicate with others, but also an important form of philosophical consultation. In addition to the above dialogue between the client and the consultant, the dialogue can also include self-dialogue, that is, self-reflection to find their own problems and find solutions to them. Text dialogue, that is, clarifying problems in text reading, reconstructing own cognition, achieves the purpose of solving problems.

Although philosophical consultation arose in the 1980s, it has already had the expression of applied philosophy in ancient Greek philosophy. The Socratic method of questioning in the republic is the first expression of philosophical inquiry. In the subsequent development process, there appeared a lot of philosophical consultation methods successively, such as the "four-stage method" of ruby, Peter's philosophical walk, and the "western salsa method" of li jianqiu. This article mainly takes the Socratic method as an example to make a detailed introduction.

The Socratic method seeks a universal knowledge. The steps are: first, decide the questions to be answered; Secondly, collecting cases related to the topic requires each participant to provide past and ended experience related to himself/herself. Third, select typical cases in the group for in-depth consideration; Fourthly, the discussion in the group provides a general definition consistent with our experience; Fifth, review and revise the definition to determine the final definition. In general, the Socratic dialogue is directed at one thing, based on the experience of the individual, and finds that the universal definition of things around us can be clearly expressed.

Therefore, philosophical counseling and career design, be able to cover lost people find the ultimate question, to help them correct guidance and reasonable professional design, also has given it a satisfactory life planning, to a certain extent, can promote the rapid development of national economy, maintaining social stability, promote the progress of the country. At the same time, the current employment situation in China has prompted us to further study the specific role and related issues of philosophy consultation in guiding career planning.

Based on the current university graduates employment problem of the gravity of the Chinese society, the study on contemporary college students as the main body, in the research process of the communist party of China to issue 500 questionnaires, online questionnaire, 200 respectively, and the paper questionnaire 300, the real effective questionnaires of 200 and 274 respectively, a total of 474 valid questionnaires. This article from professional design acceptance, by research groups the ability and the ways to solve the problem, philosophy and philosophical counseling knowledge and acceptance of philosophical counseling and development prospect of four aspects were analyzed.

According to the survey, about 46 percent and 54 percent of students chose "yes" and "no" for "have you considered formal career planning when making career choices". It can be seen from this that almost half of college students have not considered definite career planning when choosing a career, which also reflects a kind of confused state of contemporary college students. College students in the face of the employment when the choice, should be comprehensive professional direction, their own interest and so on various aspects to find a suitable career for himself, and at the same time, the opening of university courses should include the guide of the college students' career planning and training innovative undertaking.

In addition, about 70 percent of students who are interested in considering career planning are willing to find suitable jobs through relevant consultation in career planning. It can be seen from this that most college students are very cautious in choosing their future jobs, and they will find suitable jobs through relevant consultation in their career planning. In part how college students the ability to solve the problem and the way the lack of a certain autonomy, also shows that most people have, with no clear plan for your career or in the dark, with no clear understanding. In conclusion, most students have low acceptance of vocational design, but students who are willing to consider vocational design have high acceptance of professional consultation.

According to the survey results, when college students encounter problems, 73 percent of them will solve problems by themselves, 23 percent will seek help from others, and a small number will choose not to solve problems. It can be seen that most students are able to solve problems independently when they encounter problems, which reflects that most college students have a strong sense of independence and independence. A small number of people choose to seek help from others. Differences in difficulty or personal problem-solving skills may be the difference between the two options.

In the face of ideological problems such as job hunting confusion and job search obstruction, about 37% of students sought professional advice, 52% of them sought advice, and the rest of them gave up and did not solve them. Thus, in the face of the current college students employment difficulty, most will choose a you think is a reasonable way to eliminate emotional, "seek professional counseling" and "find someone to talk to" choose the proportion of the same, and a small number of students choose not to seek advice is not to confide easily lead to the collapse of their emotions. In addition, in the current college students can be confused about their career prospects, there will be a part of people choose to seek professional advice, in order to let oneself see oneself choice of direction, and some students will choose someone, it's about to eliminate their depressed mood, and for other minority college students, they do not seek advice or find someone to talk to, embodies the negative attitude towards the issue.

According to the survey, seven percent of people in their lives talk about philosophy, 16 percent talk about philosophy, 61 percent occasionally and 16 percent never. This shows that philosophy is relatively neglected. A small number of people who talk about philosophy may be interested in philosophy or related to the study of a major, which leads to the marginalization of philosophy. Therefore, 8 percent of students believe that philosophy can serve their daily life and even their career planning, 39 percent believe that philosophy can serve their daily life, 47 percent believe that philosophy can serve their daily life and even their career planning, and 6 percent believe that philosophy can serve their daily life. While nearly half of us are more certain that philosophy has a practical effect on our lives, few are quite so sure. The public knows little about philosophy consultation and its typical "philosophy cafe". More than half do not know philosophy consultation, while only 4% do. Related to the above problems, the attention to philosophy is not high, which leads to the neglect of philosophy consultation. Philosophical counseling is not dominant in contemporary China's social practice, the application range is not big, social influence is small, the range and the research content is not the focus of the social concern, did not appear to be related with life. Therefore, most people are not interested in the cognitive process. Only a few people who work in philosophy have a deep study of it.

According to the survey, in the acceptance of the philosophical counseling and psychological counseling, think of philosophical counseling is easier to accept 12%, 51% of psychological counseling, are easier to accept 18%, 9% is not easy to accept. Therefore, it can be concluded that the acceptance degree of philosophical consultation is not high, which is quite different from that of psychological consultation, which depends to a certain extent on people's understanding of the two. In addition, the vast majority of people are willing to communicate with philosophy student, suggesting that everyone does not exclude philosophy and even philosophical counseling, and willing to accept the philosophical counseling in varying degrees, this shows you to the emergence of such a consulting approach, with a more accepting the development of philosophical counseling little resistance.

In terms of the development prospect of philosophy consultation in China, 11% of those who think it can develop completely, 85% of those who think it can develop well, and 4% of those who think it can't. Concluded that the proportion of philosophical counseling may be developed greatly, everyone on the development of philosophical counseling in China hold a positive attitude, but only a few people to be absolutely sure about it, this is largely related to everyone's understanding of philosophical counseling.

Overall, everyone has a higher acceptance for philosophical counseling, but below the psychological consultation acceptance, and that its development prospect is good, but entirely sure was the attitude of people less, this is largely influenced by everyone know about philosophical counseling degree, as a result, the further development of philosophical counseling needs to promote the public widespread recognition of philosophical counseling.

According to the analysis of several aspects of the problem, whether the college students will consider professional design is closely related with their own consciousness and the school guidance, consider professional consulting and be closely bound up such as personal character and the way to solve the problem of themselves; Lack of understanding of philosophy and philosophy consultation results in low acceptance of philosophy consultation. But in general, people are optimistic about the development of philosophy consultation. Based on this, the author tries to solve the above problems of philosophical consultation in the process of developing its career planning from the following ways.

Through questionnaire analysis, only a few people have considered professional design of contemporary university students, most people on their career direction without an accurate positioning or just according to the professional to choose a career without considering whether to suit or are interested in. So here are some Suggestions.

University courses must be included in the "college students' career planning" and "employment training college students' entrepreneurship" two courses, through relevant guidance, emphasize the role of career planning, enhance the consciousness of college students career planning, career planning for college students to carefully consider their own quality from several aspects, and thus for the reasonable planning. At the same time, it is necessary to make a follow-up survey on college students' career planning, and make statistics on the degree of their implementation of career planning, so as to play a role in urging them to implement the plan. The course of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship should guide college students to analyze employment situation, understand relevant employment policies, and make reasonable plans for the identity transformation from elite to public.

First of all, it is necessary to help freshmen complete the transformation of roles and learning modes. The curriculum of this period should guide college students to realize self-awakening, namely the establishment of self-cognition and values. College students should be guided to make reasonable environmental evaluation and career exploration in their sophomore year. The third year is the sprint period. Students should be encouraged to consider whether they want to continue their studies or find jobs in the future. Students should be guided to make a reasonable career orientation and formulate career implementation plans. In the fourth year of college, students should be instructed to make a summary of college study, give themselves an accurate evaluation, and make a detailed short-term plan based on their life goals.

Students need for professional design from his interest in specialty, personal character, professional aspects to explore their own quality, to yourself to have a correct understanding, can not easily believe that non-professional career test software. Facing these, the role of professional consultation should be highlighted. When studying career planning courses, colleges and universities should simultaneously promote the important role of professional consultation in college students' career design and help them further solve various cognitive problems.

It can be seen from the analysis that most people do not have a basic understanding of philosophy consultation or even philosophy, and only a small number of people have a relatively superficial understanding. Therefore, increasing public awareness of philosophy and philosophy consultation is the most important thing to solve these problems.

To promote understanding of the role of philosophy. Except for philosophy majors and lovers, people's understanding of philosophy probably stays at the level of "having heard of several philosophers". So, the development of university courses can be as much as possible courses in humanities and even public philosophy subject, emphasizes the interdisciplinary study of communication, and to carry out the exchange of lectures and associated reading, the library philosophy books resources can also be a corresponding increase, guides everybody has a basic understanding and the understanding of philosophy.

Contemporary China is in an era of steady rise in economic strength and comprehensive national strength. It has become a social necessity to strengthen the construction of socialist core values and raise people's awareness of the ideological field. Therefore, philosophy should become an important content to guide people's thoughts, and the national level should recognize the importance of philosophy study and introduce relevant policies to help support it.

Since philosophy consultation has not developed formally in China, people do not have enough understanding of philosophy consultation and will confuse philosophy consultation with psychological consultation. In view of this situation, we should learn from the development of foreign philosophy consultation and combine our own national conditions for effective publicity. For example, the "philosophy cafe", a typical form of philosophical consultation, is used as a carrier to carry out activities and provide people with a good environment for communication, discussion and problem-solving. Through the feature form draw public participation philosophical counseling, according to the different problems of different objects take different approaches to guide people with similar problems or expand exchanges, common to solve the problem. At the same time, emphasize the form of philosophical counseling is free talk and discuss, to guide people thinking, help solve ideological confusion, form the correct "through", in order to achieve peace of mind without distractions, to distinguish the concept of philosophical counseling and psychological counseling.

At present, the study of philosophical counseling and development in mainland China is still in its infancy, but with the development of The Times, people will face more and more ideological confusion and problems, these are for the further development of philosophical counseling provides a good opportunity. In the future, the development of philosophy consultation in mainland China and other regions will present a good prospect. People need to guide their thoughts and behaviors in this way. At the same time, philosophy consultation will not only be applied to professional design, but also be widely used and developed in other aspects, and the form of philosophy consultation will be more diversified.

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作业代写：Image installation art

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Image installation art，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了影像装置艺术。在人类文明的各个时期，艺术的形态都代表了这一时代的在人类文明发展的每个时期几乎都会出现具有代表性的艺术表现形式，并且会把我们对艺术的看法带到全新的高度。影像装置艺术有着独特的发展过程和独特的艺术形态，成为融高技术手段和多媒材表现形式于一体的艺术手段。影像装置艺术以其特有的艺术观念吸引观众融入到作品的体验当中，在特有环境中体验影像艺术的独特创造性，使影像艺术真正成为大众文化的载体。

In the various periods of human civilization, are represented in this era of art form in every period of the development of human civilization will be the representative art forms almost, and will put our views on art to a new height. With its unique development process and unique art form, image installation art has become an art means integrating high-tech means and multi-media expression forms. Video art by its unique artistic conception to attract the audience into the work experience, experience in special environment image art unique creativity, make the image art really become the carrier of mass culture.

Video installation art is due to the progress of science and technology and the emergence of new media art form, its development has always maintained a border with art, technology innovation and social cultural dialogue, and has gradually entered the center of the contemporary art, on a global scale rapidly expand, infiltrate into art such as drama, dance, music performance.

The relationship between art and media has a long history. Especially after the pre-contemporary stage, the whole process of creation, appreciation and evaluation is closely related to the media used. Medium for the continuation of the artistic creation and civilization have extremely important effect, "a basic medium on their significance of civilization, is difficult to assess, because the evaluation means of itself is affected by the media. In fact, the assessment itself seems to be characteristic of some type of medium. As media types change, evaluation types change, so it is not easy for one civilization to understand the other.

On December 28, 1895 the lumiere brothers in a cafe in Paris, France with mobile film projector on the world's first movie "factory gate", the film records the workers out of the door from work, cycling, walking, is a natural real scene. The film was a great success, which was later considered to mark the birth of the film. At that time, the film existed as a recording means. In the later development process, it was gradually influenced by the drama that the narrative was formed. For the first time since world war ii Hollywood films gradually rise, film became popular form of entertainment, in the following decades, Hollywood movies rapid development, produced many classics, gradually develop a set of Hollywood film production process. Of course, the disadvantages of this model are also obvious. The plot is conventional, not new, and the audience is tired of the monotony of the story. And at the same time, art expression means, media, ideas also change rapidly during this period, has appeared the impressionist and post-impressionist, fauvism, cubism, dadaism, surrealism art genres. At that time, the emergence of film as a "new media" coincided with the trend of art reform and became a new means for artists to create art.

The 50 s of the 20th century, western started the third revolution of science and technology, the third revolution of science and technology is the human's civilization after steam technology revolution and electric power technology revolution in the field of science and technology and a major leap forward. It with atomic energy, electronic computers, space technology and the invention and application of biological engineering as the main mark, involving information technology, new energy, new materials technology, biotechnology, space technology and an information control in the field of Marine technology and so on many technological revolution. The development of art is more and more closely related to the renewal of science and technology. In the 1960s and 1970s, after the third technological revolution, SONY of Japan developed a small camera and corresponding image editing system, and began to market in the United States. The small cameras give artists and even ordinary people a chance to enjoy the specialized equipment and technology that used to be available only to large TV production centers or professionals. The application of electronic media represented by video technology in art is mainly due to the transformation of scientific and industrial revolution into aesthetic experience. Represented by nam June paik, the image of the artist trying to hand camcorders, presents with the mainstream television media, the mass culture represented by distinct another artistic perspective and cultural criticism.

As one of the earliest contact video technology artists, nam June paik acutely aware of the possibility of a electronic images as the medium, and start the video as a medium for artistic creation. His images are not news, nor are they intended to record a period of time or an event, but to serve as a medium for exploring new ideas and new fields of art. At the same time, he fully the new discovery and use of television media function, test its social significance, and evaluate its cultural value, and by using this new TV media to find the means of communication between east and west culture and the approach of global conversation. His works foreshadow the emergence of new art forms such as holographic projection art and computer graphics, which are the beginning of the transformation from the electronic technology era to the digital technology era.

The exhibition space of art works is one of the important factors for the smooth transmission of the ideas expressed by art works to the audience. Especially in the contemporary art period, the importance of space and field often plays a decisive role.

Before the Renaissance, a work of art is the ruler of the tool of public mind control, normally not be used for the purpose of the aesthetic, the audience are as a civilized person is a minor, passive location, their rights of only viewing works of art, in most cases the audience is therefore enter the exhibition space to passively accept information. With the progress of human society, the continuous development of science and technology, the creation of modern art styles, means constantly evolving, the people's education has also been gradually popularization, people for works of art aesthetic ability improved significantly. This offers more possibilities for people to approach works of art. The relationship between artists and ordinary people has also become more equal than in the past. The exhibition space of art works is more flexible and changeable.

In the post-modernist period, the distance between the artist and the audience disappeared completely, and the participation of the audience became part of the artistic works. On-canvas art emphasizes the artist absolutely dominate the meaning of works of art, modern art, pay attention to the work itself, and the contemporary, more emphasize on the field of communicating with the audience in the space. The development of art has changed the art form, the medium of art, and the way art works are presented. The exhibition space of traditional art works is transiting to the exhibition space of contemporary and contemporary art works. The 18th century, the western museum began to rise, works of art exhibition more need to have certain space to complete, works with the audience the communication between one of the most value elements to be an artist. The exhibition of the work itself requires a specific space to echo it, especially the art of image installation. Even the participation of the audience has become an indispensable part of the work itself. The art of image installation has been developed rapidly since the 1970s. It is essentially different from traditional paper painting and comprehensive material art. The image flows in the space constructed by the device, and the audience feels the transmission of information in the field of the work. The image installation art USES different expression time and space, media materials and comprehensive materials together to display unique aesthetic language in a specific exhibition space.

Imaging device interactivity is refers to the viewer in the appreciation of works of art image device works of art, not passively accept the artist's views and ideas, but according to their own needs to appreciate and understand the work. The important idea of image installation art works is to leave certain imaginary space to the appreciator.

The characteristics of the image installation art, such as its inclusiveness, frontier and interactivity, make it very different from the traditional shelf art and comprehensive material art. It conveys different experiences of image and sound effects to the experiencer through new technical means through projection, loudspeaker, screen, light and other forms. But in fact, it is not enough, the modern art is more and more attention to audience's participation, and in some cases, the audience's participation and even becomes the key to whether work, besides the body feeling, in the visual, hearing, taste, smell and touch will generate new experience, the randomness of the interactive video installation art brings unexpected audio-visual effect, make the audience feel new experience and perception in the constantly changing. By making full use of various new technical means, the art of image installation regards the public participation as part of the work and forms an interactive multidimensional space.

Interactive image installation art is an art that integrates many characteristics of art forms. The audience is placed in a virtual environment, either outdoors or indoors, real or virtual. Interaction is a very important development direction of the art of image installation. It puts the participation of the audience in the art works in a very high position. The leading edge of interactive image determines that it is not limited by the art category, and integrates such means and elements as painting, installation, image, game and sound. Interactive imaging devices do not just stay in form, but cross new disciplines such as communication, aesthetics, biology and genetics, and combine high-tech means to create art.

Images installation art is a kind of complex expression, imaging device constantly attempt and innovation in the process of creation, image and explore the maximum, the expressions of media in the space. The experiment of image installation art is to explore its artistic language and explore its possibility of existence and development. His works are artists the expression of thoughts, feelings, ideas, artists in its unique language to elaborate the meaning of work, their understanding of artistic language from the language the external form to the connotation of language transformation, from the form itself, mining, refining, development and innovation.

The artistic language of image installation is not only independent of other art categories, but also has its own characteristics, and there are countless possibilities from conception, creation and use of multi-media materials. Video installation art development to today, its language is more and more diverse, both the experimental characteristics of image art, and art for exploring space and media, it put the two art forms together effectively and is beneficial to language of contemporary art to explore.

The language of image installation art is essentially the representative of comprehensive art language, which provides another way for artists to create in different art fields. In the contemporary art in the big system, video installation art appear will break the boundary of the category of artistic language, put them in combination to use, the diversity of its language will cause a lot of new contemporary art language expression and media experiment. The contemporary art language will certainly develop towards a new and more diversified direction.

Ever since duchamp sent finished industrial products to the museum as works of art, there has been a new change in human understanding of works of art. From this perspective, "painting has no future", what greets people is the arrival of a national artist era. In the human into the 21st century today, used to art creation means of media, have varied, computer, network, smart phones, LED screen and so on have become the artistic creation of raw materials, with the progress of human science and technology, the interaction between art and technology will be more closely.

Video installation art in today's environment has become an important form of art, the diversity of its potential to be the artist's excavation and exploration, the exploration spirit is to make the image device art continuous development of the power source. The language mode of contemporary art has become more and more diversified, developing from single medium to multiple media, showing unprecedented vitality. Video installation art's experimental and comprehensive and interactive features also greatly enrich the language of contemporary art, for art to across different media culture development provides the possibility of more.

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Definition Essay写作技巧的详解

不知道留学生是否听说过Definition Essay？Definition Essay是众多Essay中的一种，也称为文章定义，是对学生总结、统计、分析等能力综合能力考核的一种类型文章。那么Definition Essay该怎么写呢？下面就给大家讲解一下Definition Essay的写作技巧。

毫无疑问，Definition Essay也是Essay的一种，这里我们还是按照特定的格式来给大家分析，即introduction、body paragraph和conclusion：

首先是Introduction部分：

和其他Essay一样，你要在文章的introduction部分简单介绍这篇文章将要包括的内容。定义型论文里面，introduction部分需要满足两个功能：第一，必须给出这个术语的准确定义（standard definition）；第二，需要给出主题定义（thesis definition）。

Standard definition：introduction第一部分需要给出这个术语的标准定义，或者说是字典里的定义。这样一来，读者对这个术语的理解就有了参考的标准。而且，introduction里面包括的第二部分内容，主题定义，一定是与标准定义有一些区别。我们可以利用这两者之间的区别来体现这个术语的多面性。

Thesis definition：主题定义和主题句（thesis statement）类似，主题定义是你对这个术语的完整的解读。对你而言，这个术语意味着什么？主题定义不仅包含了标准定义，并且加入了你个人独特的见解。

其次是Body Paragraphs部分：

文章主体段落将这个术语进行剖解，详细的介绍主题定义里面的每一个部分。在主体段落，你需要把这个术语的历史定义和定义的演变详细介绍。以下是定义型文章outline参考：

Body Paragraph 1：该术语的历史发展和起源

Body Paragraph 2：完整的标准定义，并且解释如何使用该术语。尽量从不同角度来分析探讨该话题。

Body Paragraph 3：个人独特的定义，加入个人经历来详细说明。

最后是Conclusion部分：

定义型文章的结论简单明了，只需要总结你的观点就可以，总结一下该话题定义里的主要内容。请注意，在结尾部分不要提供与上文无关新的概念。但是，在结尾部分可以简单提一下，这个话题是如何影响你的，这个话题对你来说有什么重要的意义。

以上就是对于Definition Essay写作技巧的详细讲解，如果同学们以后遇到Definition Essay，那么按照上面说的去写，基本就没什么问题了。

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Paper代写：Reasons for the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris agreement

本篇paper代写- Reasons for the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris agreement讨论了美国退出《巴黎协定》的原因。特朗普在宣布退出《巴黎协定》时声称：“为了履行我对美国及其公民的庄严职责，美国将退出《巴黎协定》”，因为旨在应对气候变化的《巴黎协定》对美国非常“不公平”，所以决定退出《巴黎协定》，其目的在于企图进一步恢复美国经济、扩大就业和维护霸权地位，但后果可能适得其反。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

On June 1, US President Donald trump announced the withdrawal of the us from the Paris agreement. The move makes the United States one of three countries in a global effort to combat climate change, drawing strong international condemnation. As the world's second largest emitters of greenhouse gases, the United States out of the Paris agreement mode of governance to cope with global warming have a significant impact, also make us from another perspective, to spy out the significant changes of the capitalist world.

The Paris agreement is after the Kyoto protocol, the second a legally binding climate agreement, is a new phase of a historic agreement on global climate governance, since 2020, is a matter of global action on climate change. The United Nations secretary general guterres says the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris agreement has severely weakened global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Italy's prime minister, she really Rodney with German chancellor Angela merkel and French President marolon issued a joint statement, said is unlikely to renegotiate the agreement, trump's decision or its Allies coping with global climate change, they said it will actively promote the developing countries, encourage the its adoption of the agreement. Canadian prime minister Justin trudeau said: "trump's decision is heartbreaking, and we remain willing to work actively with countries around the world to tackle climate change and transition to clean economic growth."

At home, Mr Trump's decision has also been opposed. Former U.S. President barack Obama said, stick to the Paris agreement states, will be benefit to create new jobs and industries of the national, state and believes that the United States, cities and enterprises will step up efforts to help protect the only planet we have "offspring. Former secretary of state John kerry, who negotiated the Paris agreement on behalf of the United States, accused Mr. Trump of turning the United States into an "environmental pariah in the world." On June 1, 2017, the New York times reported, including California, Washington and New York's governor, mayor of 30, three more than 80 colleges and universities the principal and the owners of more than 100 companies decided to comply with the treaty, the Paris agreement by all responsible for protecting the earth. In addition, another media reports pointed out that the United States, including Los Angeles, Chicago, Seattle and 61 cities such as New York, in a statement vowed to maintain, the Paris agreement and commitment will be more efforts to meet the climate goals of cities at present, and increase investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency.

Trump said in announcing out of the Paris agreement "in order to fulfill my solemn duty of the United States and its citizens, the United States will withdraw from the Paris agreement", because the Paris agreement designed to cope with climate change is "unfair" to the United States. Mr Trump's exit from the Paris agreement is intended to further restore the us economy, expand employment and maintain hegemony, but the consequences could be counterproductive.

In recent years, although the U.S. economy has recovered from the economic crisis, it has remained at a low level of growth. From 2010 to 2015, the annual GDP growth rate of the us was only 2.23%, especially in 2016, the GDP growth rate was only 1.6%, the lowest since 2011. Under the Paris agreement, the United States agreed to cut domestic pollution emissions by 26 percent to 28 percent from 2005 levels by 2025, or 1.6 billion tons. Trump said: "this agreement about the climate policy, take the American people, countless wealth, the wealth, even we are in agreement before, never notice we previously have." Mr Trump campaigned on a promise to withdraw from the Paris agreement, hoping to boost the domestic coal industry and make it easier for companies to produce energy in the us. Since taking office, Mr Trump has signed executive orders to overturn much of Mr Obama's policy on climate change. In late March 2017, signed a trump to promote energy independence and economic growth of executive orders, slashing and climate policy and the scientific research project budget, such as the United States environmental protection agency (epa) budget cuts of more than 31%, at the same time also require direct revoked before four executive orders related to climate change, immediately to the relevant provisions of the clean electricity plan review, etc.

However, the industry is not buying trump's energy policy. Coal, gas and oil companies in the United States to know, to some extent, although they are limited to the Paris agreement, but if the us out of this agreement, they may lose at the table with China, India, the European Union and other countries the status of the negotiations on environmental issues. Even as Mr Trump dithered over whether to withdraw from the Paris agreement, some energy companies rallied to defend it. Exxonmobil argues that as part of the deal, "this success can be replicated around the world" because of the wider use of natural gas and the decline in us carbon emissions. Bp said it would continue to support the Paris agreement that "it is possible to meet the climate challenge while providing the energy the world needs". Anglo-dutch shell said it remained "strongly supportive" of the Paris agreement. moody's analytics chief economist mark zandi said: "global climate change pose a threat to the economy, we are doing to solve global warming any efforts are conducive to economic development", and in the fight against climate change, any delay will bring the negative economic impact ". So an attempt to use the development of the oil industry to restore the U.S. economy could further damage the struggling U.S. economy in the long run.

With unemployment high in recent years, Mr. Trump pledged to bring back a lot of jobs during his 2016 presidential campaign. Trump said: "the Paris agreement will damage the American economy, kill American workers, reduce America's sovereignty, the agreement imposed unacceptable to the United States the legal risks, and make the United States in the face of the rest of the world, always at a disadvantage." Trump economic consulting firm, citing the national bureau of economic research association, said if comply with the Paris agreement, America will suffer a $3 trillion loss, losing 6.5 million industrial sector jobs, papermaking, cement, steel, coal, natural gas and other industries will withstand capacity is reduced by 12% to 86%.

Some critics point out that the clean energy industry, which includes solar and wind power, creates more jobs in the United States than coal. According to the Obama administration, the U.S. has more than three times as many jobs in renewable energy as it does in coal mining. The United States already relies heavily on domestic coal and gas resources, rather than imports, according to several U.S. energy experts. Mining in the United States is largely mechanized, making it difficult to create new jobs in the industry. Instead, solar and other renewable energy investment prospects brighter than coal, coal to become the world's renewable energy has been more than a big energy, electric cars to drive the development of the automotive industry, clean energy is also created a large number of jobs. Professor at the university of Pennsylvania, Gary colli Ann in thought, from the Paris agreement is hard to increase employment to the United States, although some specific environmental regulation will lead to the traditional energy industry lose some jobs, but in the long run, to strengthen environmental regulation can increase more jobs in the field of new energy. Therefore, there is no contradiction between expanding employment and developing clean energy. The development of traditional energy will lead to the loss of a large number of American jobs in the long run. Attempts to use the "us first" strategy to maintain us hegemony

During the 2016 campaign, vowed to quit the Paris agreement trump, he questioned the science behind climate change, says it is the Chinese of "fraud", and argues that it hurt the U.S. economy. Under the Paris agreement, the U.S. government pledged $3 billion to the United Nations to help developing countries fight climate change. Before leaving office, Mr. Obama made a $1 billion contribution to the United Nations green climate fund, meeting a third of his commitments. However, after taking office, Mr Trump said the us would start negotiating new terms, possibly rejoining the Paris agreement or even concluding new climate agreements. But only if it is "fair to America". Trump attacked the Paris agreement to developed countries each year to raise $100 billion to support the requirements of the developing countries, said the Paris agreement through green climate fund wealth transfer to other countries.

In fact, oecd countries, including developed countries such as the United States and Japan, have emissions per capita of 9.6 tons per year. In non-oecd countries, the figure is just 3.4 tonnes. The United States alone accounts for 18 percent of global emissions. The United States currently accounts for more than 15 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, making it the world's second-largest emitter. As a result, the United States deserves more international responsibility for the global response to climate change. For decisions trump, CNN comments that cooperation between China and the eu on climate issues, or to replace American leadership, "if the peace and prosperity is the result of the global economic order, then the government can neither guarantee trump European peace, can promote the prosperity of Europe. At a time of economic power, if the us continues to shirk its responsibilities as a global leader, a new power centre will emerge in China and Europe. The Goldman sachs group chief executive blanc Finn said: "for dealing with global climate change, trump's behavior is undoubtedly a step backward, that America's leadership in the global decline." "The United States has broken its commitment to the Paris agreement and made it a truly rogue nation on the international stage," said Robinson, a former United Nations special envoy on climate change, in a sharply worded statement. Therefore, the so-called "America first" strategy will actually make the United States a "rogue state", which is difficult to maintain the hegemony of the United States and cannot change the gradual decline of the United States.

The withdrawal of the United States from the Paris agreement is a setback for all countries in the world to jointly prevent global warming from entering a disastrous situation. The international community is deeply disappointed and deeply regretful. It also reflects the major changes that have taken place in the capitalist world. Here are some thoughts we can draw from this.

Capitalist mode of production in pursuit of profit as the goal, and constantly open up new investment field to expand production scale, faster depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources, and constantly to the nature of the emissions of harmful substances. Capitalism industry on resources consumption and environmental pollution has been more than natural itself of absorptive capacity, compensation ability, regeneration and recovery ability, this not only leads to global ecological crisis, and make the survival of human beings is at risk, the sustainable development of human is facing crisis. Due to the severe situation of global climate problem, both the Kyoto protocol and the Paris agreement are joint efforts of the international community to curb climate deterioration. As a capitalist powers of the United States, not only refused to take on more international responsibilities, but out of the Paris agreement, refused to acknowledge the reality of global warming, fully reflects the capitalist countries FuXiuXing and parasitic.

In recent years, the weakness of the U.S. economic recovery, the gap between rich and poor increase, the domestic contradictions, racial discrimination, and combined with the nativism, populist, against the elite, the forces of globalization, the United States itself, more care the interests of the traditional Allies. This makes the traditional international economic and political old order difficult to maintain, and also makes the contradictions between the United States and other developed capitalist countries increasingly prominent. When Mr Trump took office in January 2017, he decided to withdraw from the trans-pacific partnership, arguing that it would harm us manufacturing and be a "potential disaster" for the us. Mr Trump has called for a renegotiation of the north American free trade agreement, which he believes is the main culprit in us Labour unemployment and low wages. For the United States and Europe, the relationship between strategic European observers pointed out that after trump, the United States is more and more to the European Union as rivals instead of the traditional strategic ally, especially the contradiction of virtue officially surfaced in the us and Europe. The principle of "America first" declared by Mr Trump is in conflict with the European principle of "Europe first", which is clearly set before the world. Trump regardless of world economic development trend and persuade Allies, was determined to quit the Paris agreement, not only make myself standing in the opposite of the world, more make the contradiction between developed capitalist countries growing, making significant changes in the United States as the only superpower status, the capitalist world system faces a major adjustment, is an urgent need to build a new international economic and political order.

The international community should work together to build a community of Shared future for mankind

Mankind has only one earth and all countries live in the same world. We should advocate the consciousness of a community of Shared future for mankind. The international community has increasingly become a community of Shared future with each other. No country can stand alone in the face of the complex world economy and global problems. As for the trend of tackling global climate warming, the international community should establish the consciousness of a community of Shared future for mankind and work together to build a win-win, equitable and equitable climate change governance mechanism. Specifically, it is to build a "from each according to his ability, cooperation and win-win" mode, the international community should abandon narrow thinking "zero-sum game", especially "developed countries" push more sharing, more bear, achieve mutual benefit and win-win. 2 it is to build a mechanism of "rule of law, fairness and justice", to improve the position and role of international law in the global governance, ensure effective comply with international rules and implementation of democracy, equality, justice, and the construction of "international rule of law". "Inclusive, 3 it is to build a mutual learning and common development" of the platform, in the face of global challenges, the international community should strengthen dialogue, exchange of best practices, complement each other, learn from each other in achieving common development and benefit all the people. The Paris agreement agreed upon and implemented, means that the new turn of international climate governance mode, also opens a new starting point of the cooperation on climate change in the world, is the international society to create the vivid embodiment of human destiny community ". The building of a community of Shared future for all mankind, the voluntary and voluntary actions of all countries and the cooperative response to the threat of climate change should be the commanding heights of global morality. In the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", all countries need to take and national conditions, stage of development, their own ability to match international obligations and bear responsibility for the common human interests, so as to achieve control of the Paris agreement to establish the global temperature rise rate, protect the earth ecology security and the sustainable development of human society's long-term goal.

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Essay代写：African American language

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- African American language，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的黑人语言。所谓黑人语言，是一种具有非裔美国人特征的美式英语方言。它主要通用于居住在美国南部及其他城市里，教育程度不高，经济收入和社会地位相对较低的黑人和少数白人之间。黑人英语尽管和所谓的标准美国英语不同，但是它并不是一个混乱而且任意变化的语言变体，它在语音和句法等方面的变化都有一定的规律可循，换言之，黑人英语有着自己的语言体系。

The so-called black language is an American English dialect with African American characteristics. It is mainly used by blacks and minorities living in the southern United States and other cities with low education levels, low economic income and relatively low social status. However, in recent years, American black English has gradually become an important social dialects rather than to simply national dialect, in all sorts of awards ceremony, in the popular rap songs, and of all kinds of movies in Hollywood, TV sets, black English is popular. It is absolutely wrong to discriminate against or exclude black English as inferior English, and there is no basis in linguistics. Black English though and the so-called standard American English is different, but it is not a chaos and any change of language variants, it changes in pronunciation and syntax, etc all have certain rules to follow, in other words, black English has its own language system. So, let's have a preliminary understanding and discussion of black English.

The first black slaves were transported to the United States in 1619, and there was no final word on the origin of black English in the United States. There are two main ideas in the academic world. One is the dialect hypothesis. After the first slaves arrived in the United States, they were sold to work on plantations in the southern states. For the need of communication, they can only learn from white English, but because of the racial discrimination and isolation of white and black could not be equal exchanges, only learned basic syntactic structure and keep a certain differences. Black slaves used learned white English to communicate in their own communities, and when it was passed down from generation to generation, these retained differences were reinforced and eventually became a linguistic variant of English. Another view is the Creole hypothesis, which holds that black English is the result of the change from early Creole to English. Between the 16th and 19th centuries, many African slaves who spoke different languages were brought together, and "language contact led to the production of lingua franca." Through communication with each other, different language has had the contact, so he began to borrow from each other between language some language form, eventually evolved a pidgin language can understand each other. This simple pidgin has been creolized since the second and third generations of blacks learned it from their parents as their mother tongue. With the influence of white English rise, "because of the influence of the prestigious language, Creole of Creole" will happen, so the Creole evolving, finally produce the black English. Above the second view's most scholars agreed that, although these two views is different and there is some controversy, but still have to recommend it, and said about the origin of black English, can have yet to draw a conclusion.

In black English, the most common phonetic feature is th, which often sounds like t or d. For example, Thursday sounds like Dursday, while sore looks like dough. In addition, not pronouncing /r/ after vowels is also a phonetic feature of black English. Remember remembah usually happens, but ever can also be evah. Black English is often weakened by the consonants at the end of words, especially in informal situations. For example, in standard American English, the passed will weaken the consonant sound of the end of the word in black English and pronounce it like pas. Desk will also be pronounced as des. Any consonant consonant consonants ending in -st, -sk, and -nd will be weakened in black English. In terms of phonetic differences, the last feature of black English is to put the word stress in front of it, especially in the two-syllable words such as police and motel.

There are many differences between the spelling rules of black English and the standard American English. Some spelling rules have been accepted by most people and have become the national spelling method. The most obvious rule is to change the end of the -er to the end of the -a, as in the case of player. In addition, ks or CKS will also be changed to a single x at the end, and the most common one is that thanks is written as thanx. Re and e, which are usually hard to hear in rapid pronunciation, are also often omitted in black English. For example, the word "more" will be directly omitted as mo. These rules have become almost the norm in black English, while the following rules have become almost universal in the United States. Now, gotta, wanna, outta, kinda and sorta, which have appeared in Hollywood movie dialogues many times, are black English that will change going to, want to, out of, kind of and sort of of of. Removing the g at the back of -ing is already a national spelling rule, such as goin ', nothin 'and so on.

The most obvious syntactic difference between black English and standard American English is generally in the use of the be verb. In the black English, if the action or state is habitual or often happens, will only be used in the sentence, if it is not the case, then be verb is usually omitted. For example, Kathy always be telling lie. In this sentence, "Socks are mine." In addition to being used for habitual events, the verb "Be" can also Be used for future tense in black English. In addition, in the present tense, black English usually omit a verb or directly with be prototype, for example, Daniel really good boy, or Linda be hot girl. In standard American English, respectively, should be Daniel really is a good boy and Linda is a hot girl.

Another obvious syntactic feature of black English is the double negation or even multiple negation. I ain't know nothin 'about it. Double negation can also be traced back to Shakespeare's time in standard English, so multiple negative sentences like Don't nobody say nothin 'after that are definitely original in black English. If the listener is a non-black English speaker or is not familiar with black English, such words are bound to cloud him.

As the main language used by the special group of African Americans, American black English reflects the culture, tradition and long history of slavery and discrimination of African Americans. As the most widely used minority language in American society, and as a highly valued social language in the United States, black English is bound to play an increasingly important role.

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