北美作业代写：Skinner and Rogers on education

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Skinner and Rogers on education，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了斯金纳与罗杰斯的教育观。斯金纳与罗杰斯分别是行为主义与人本主义两大心理学派的杰出代表，都是非常著名的教育家。斯金纳认为要把科学的方法应用于人类事务，就必须假定行为是有规律的，并且是被决定的。因此一旦发现这些规律就能借助于积极强化来预测和决定人的活动。罗杰斯的教育观则直接来源于他的心理咨询理论和实践，强调人的主观经验和自我实现潜能。


Behaviorism and humanism are the two most influential psychological schools in the 20th century, among which skinner and Rogers are outstanding representatives, and they are also famous educators. This article intends to compare and analyze the differences between the two views of education and make a brief comment.

Humanistic educators Rogers and behaviorism educator skinner was "people with education" in 1955 about the problem of a series of sharp debate, on the surface, the focus of the debate is the education problems, but essentially represents the humanism educationist and behaviorism educator in a series of sharp opposition of the basic point of view.

Skinner strongly advocates the behaviorization of teaching objectives, and proposes to formulate specific and feasible behavioral goals, which should be stated in terms of observable and measurable behaviors, so as to make teaching evaluation with objective methods and measurement tools. Rogers, on the other hand, points out that the purpose of teaching is to cultivate "well-rounded people". He pointed out that the most fundamental mark of a well-rounded person is to be creative. Teaching should be good at developing students' creativity and developing their creativity.

Skinner believes that teaching is a typical process of human behavior, which follows a functional relationship, that is, teachers' behavior is the cause, students' behavior is the result, and students' behavior changes are the function of teachers' behavior changes. In this way, teaching is completely subject to the law of causality, which is applicable to scientific research, and it is expected to change students' behaviors by designing some behaviors of teachers. Rogers, on the other hand, advocates the theory of affective teaching. He believes that teaching is a kind of emotional activity among people. Teaching is to teach students to learn by themselves. Second, it provides students with opportunities and conditions for learning. These two points are the tasks that teachers must accomplish in teaching.

As Engels once pointed out, "no matter what attitude natural scientists take, they are still subject to philosophy." The disagreement between skinner and Rogers on education also stems from their dispute on some aspects of psychological research, which exactly reflects the philosophical position they follow.

Logical positivism is the first school of modern western philosophy of science. Skinner was guided by logical positivist philosophy in his attempt to apply pure scientific and technological methods to the investigation and control of human behavior. Skinner refers to the psychological view that insists on explaining behavior from the internal psychological activities of human beings as a kind of psychology rooted in primitive animism. He argues that since events in the skin cannot be experimentally verified, it makes no sense for a scientific psychology. Logical positivism regards scientific truth as a kind of tacit understanding between the observer and the agreement, which is obviously a satisfactory solution for behaviorism to predict and determine the observable behavior response according to controllable environmental stimuli regardless of internal psychological structure. According to skinner, the application of logical positivism to psychology "does not determine the existence of subjective events, but the extent to which we can scientifically study them". He believes that internal psychology and external behavior share the same physical dimension. Behaviorists exclude the consideration of feelings, consciousness and thinking processes, not because they do not exist, but because the scientific method can't do anything about them.

Rogers was philosophically dedicated to phenomenology and existentialism. Rogers referred to a person's inner world or empirical world as the "field of phenomena." Phenomenon field refers to the part that people perceive or realize. Each person perceives the world in his or her own unique way, so each person has different phenomena and different responses to the same objective reality. All people live in a subjective world of their own perception, a world that is "in any full sense known only to the individual himself". Clearly, this is a far cry from behaviorism's belief that human behavior can be understood and determined by external stimuli alone. The center of Rogers's theory is self-concept, which is a complete self-structure with individual phenomenon field as the core, interaction and connection with environment. In the language of existentialism, people are often referred to as "self" and "self-existence", and the individual is the center of human survival, and the principle of individuality is demonstrated by the subjective experience of individual life. Rogers has always regarded self-concept, self-realization and self-guidance as the basic viewpoints in his psychological research all his life. He proposed that subjective choice precedes behavior, which can be said to be Sartre's psychological proposition of "existence precedes essence". Rogers' relationship with existentialism in philosophy is very obvious

Skinner's educational view is based on his psychological research. Starting from studying the behavior of animals, he extended the s-r relationship to the environment-behavior relationship of human beings, and gradually formed the basic idea of predicting and controlling human behavior through operational means. He believes that the best environment for humans should be one that provides precise control and predictable results. Therefore, he emphasized that an ideal society should control the environment and human behavior, and proposed a behavioral technology theory based on the operational conditioning principle formed in animal experiments, and advocated to design a new culture based on the environmental control function to shape reasonable behavior. Skinner argued that to apply scientific methods to human affairs, it was necessary to assume that behavior was regular and determined. Therefore, once these rules are discovered, they can be used to predict, control, change, and determine human activities through positive reinforcement.

Rogers's educational view is directly derived from his "people-centered" psychological counseling theory and practice, and his most outstanding contribution is the creation of "patient-centered" non-directive psychological counseling therapy. In his opinion, the success of psychological counseling does not mainly depend on the consultant's professional knowledge and training, but on the consultant himself and his attitude towards the counselee, because the prerequisite of promoting the behavior change of the counselee is the interpersonal relationship and atmosphere in the counseling process. Therefore, he places special emphasis on human subjective experience and self-realization potential.

Skinner takes the observable behavior as the research object and focuses on the environmental factors that can change individual behavior, which has a positive effect on removing the subjectivity of idealism and improving the environment. Moreover, he has achieved great success in applying and spreading the theory to behavior correction, language learning and program teaching. For example, he stressed that the principle of timely feedback helps to motivate students to learn. The self-paced principle is conducive to students to choose their own learning methods; In particular, the principle of a small pace helps to reduce learning mistakes and enables most students to achieve success. Studying in order helps students master systematic knowledge. However, skinner, as a typical behaviorist, totally attributed human learning to behavioral response, and neglected advanced human learning, rejected the study of human internal psychological activities, ignored human subjective initiative, and regarded learners as passive controllers.

Rogers emphasizes respect for students and recognizes that each student is a unique individual who must be respected. Emphasis on cultivating students' positive self-consciousness and self-concept; It emphasizes students' participation in the decision-making process of education, and allows students to have more freedom of independent learning. Emphasize the importance of learning to learn and teachers to be the facilitator of learning. These ideas have become generally accepted principles, affecting today's school education practice. But he the role of the one-sided emphasis on students' potential, and in spite of the social people, excessive emphasis on the students' central position, make the teaching is not constrained by properly meet the students' interest in personal initiative and interest, excessive emphasis on the students' self evaluation, ignored the teaching effect objectively examine, ignore the teaching content of inner logic and leading role of teachers in the teaching, it is bound to affect the quality of the education teaching.

To sum up, the two big education theories are not perfect, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. This requires us to draw on the strengths of their respective theories in our current teaching reform, discard their respective narrowness and limitation, and better guide our teaching.

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Assignment代写：Bach's keyboard music

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Bach's keyboard music，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了巴赫的键盘音乐。巴赫是巴洛克时期一位伟大的德国作曲家，他的音乐创作特征极富表现力与想象力。在巴赫的音乐作品中，装饰音是最为常见的，装饰音能够让音乐更加悦动，是可以提升音乐表现力的键盘音乐技巧。装饰音丰富了键盘音乐中的各种情绪，也可以根据音乐主题借题发挥，将乐曲演绎的更加精彩。

John Sebastian Bach is a great religious artist in the history of music in the world, and is also a handful of fugue master. As a German composer in the baroque period, the music works presented in the world all contain noble and magnificent temperament, permeating the aesthetic value of music in the baroque period. This assignment is intended to explore Bach's baroque style and aesthetic consciousness revealed in his keyboard music all the time. Taking gothenburg variations as an example of his late famous keyboard, this assignment analyzes the application skills of several keyboard grace notes to highlight his great achievement of music in the world.

Bach, born in 1685 in central Germany thuringia a beautiful small town in the forest - aisen HeCheng, people here have a passion for music, extremely is said to have been engraved on the city's ancient city gate such a line of text "music often shine in our town," the famous composer Richard Wagner wrote operas also once in the classic "Tang Hao plug". Bach was born in such a music town music family, so Bach has high music talent since childhood, which is undoubtedly a great fortune for him. But Bach's fate was unfortunate. He lost his mother at 9, his father at 10, and left home at 15, living on his own music. In the study of god school and the life experience of living rough, Bach learned music style from various European schools and broadened his music vision. In 1723, Bach began as choir director of the church of st Thomas in leipzig until his death. It was during this period of the church choir that Bach settled down to write such masterpieces as the passion of Matthew and the goldberg variations. And the gravestone that followed Bach's death also remained in front of the church's main altar, forever accompanying the church of st Thomas. It can be said that Bach devoted his whole life to music, and even after his death was immersed in the creation of music forever, was really born in the forest, grew up in the church.

Bach's music is outstanding and unsurpassed because of his keen insight and creativity on music. His music skill set is a reflection of the fusion style, which includes the music style of buxhood, swellingk in northern Germany, vivaldi in the south, lireli and coupland in the west. Bach's ability to combine these different music styles with his own music can form his own understanding of art. It can be said that the most classic polyphonic music and grace notes of Bach's keyboard music are the common convergence points of multi-style long-term evolution.

The goldberg variations is a keyboard composition by Bach published during his time in st Thomas' church. It is a keyboard work written by Bach late in his music career. In this work, there is a typical "pre-classicism" characteristic of baroque classical music, which not only has a relatively rigorous and rational music architecture, but also has the unique combination of multiple music styles of Bach, such as fugue, cannon, meditative music, aria and so on. These highly skilled keyboard techniques and the combination of improvisational imagination made "gothenburg variations" become the epitome of Bach's lifetime keyboard works, and even influenced the creation ideas of music masters such as Beethoven and Brahms, which became an insurmountable peak in the history of keyboard music.

Baroque in Portuguese is called baroque co, which means "not round pearl". It was very popular in Europe in the 17th century, and was a pursuit of flashy and dynamic elements in architectural art. In 1919, the German national music scholar Curt Sachs applied it to the creation concept of music and summarized the European music style from 1600 to 1750 in the half century, so this period is also known as the "baroque music period". Bach grew up in this period as a musician, so his music creation features are extremely expressive and imaginative. His keyboard music works are also based on the former clavichord piano and harpsichord piano, which made him the most influential music master in Germany in the baroque period.

In the music works of Bach, grace notes are the most common. Grace notes can make music more lively, and they are keyboard music skills that can improve the performance of music. Grace note rich keyboard music in a variety of emotions, but also can be used according to music theme to play, will be more wonderful music interpretation. Bach's grace note collection the trends of France and Italy, two big music style, for example, in Italian opera parts in different rhythm position of echo, shun chung short scale and tremolo, such as France again to grace note mark in the application of the music style, two styles of mix free Bach's grace note more flexible, allowing players use different technique to interpret. Therefore, the baroque decorative tone in the keyboard music of Bach all depends on the performer's understanding and aesthetic ability of his works.

"Gothenburg variations" is a collection of Bach's keyboard music skills. In the repertoire, there are various types of grace notes, such as Boeing, echo, trill, appoggiatura, arpeggio, double echo, Boeing and biecho, trill and Boeing, appoggiatura and trill. On the whole, grace notes run through the whole work, showing the music and skills everywhere, which greatly enhanced the singing and music of the music. The extensive use of Boeing, echo and vibrato also makes the performance of the work more difficult and requires more players.

In Bach's opinion, tremolo is a kind of ornamentation that starts above the original note and promotes the whole relationship between the original note and the original note. Trill has three functions: extension, modulation and modification. Since the clavichord cannot be played on the clavichord, Bach marked the vibrato mark in the work. The long vibrato, or the long note, is used to stretch the time value of the note, so as to achieve the effect of extension.

Bach marked the tremolo at the top of the #D symbol in bar 20, indicating that the beginning of bar 20 requires the playing technique of the tremolo, which starts from this note and ends in this note. It also implies the inflection of the #D in the mode of the second part. From the harmony perspective, the D major of part ii must first turn to e minor, so the trills of this part should be displayed in the leading tone of e minor until the main chord ends in e minor.

In the variation of gothenburg, the central notes appeared 16 times, with the fast music as the main scale modification position. Because the rapid performance in this stage requires the elimination of the redundancy of the upper and lower scales, which is also to enhance the fresh auditory experience of the works to the audience.

Boeing doesn't use as much vibrato in keyboard music as it does in vibrato, but it does have three functions as well: delayed. Strengthens the stress and rhythm effect.

An echo is a sound that is played above the sound and passes through the sound until it reaches the lower square and finally returns to the sound again. If there is an echo mark above a tone, it means that the sound above the tone will begin to sound down next, and if the sound down is found to be marked up above the tone, it means that the tone will sound up and play. Echo is the most special of all types of grace notes, and it is also the most musical. Echo appeared 16 times in the variation of gothenburg, which has two functions of modifying transition and highlighting leading tone.

Echo occurs 12 times as the modified transition sound in the performance of the work. The typical sound pattern it presents is to mark the echo mark between two adjacent sound levels. This mark can make the players pay more attention to the sound effect in the performance process and increase the interest of the performance of the work.

In addition, the variations of gothenburg also showed the types of dependent and trill, trill and Boeing decorative notes. However, they did not appear frequently, and their common role was to extend the tone. The purpose was to make the players' left and right hands have the same motivation during the performance.

There are 9 pieces of cannon in the gothenburg variations. If a grace note is added to one of the parts, the corresponding part should also be added to the grace note. For example, in the 1-2 bars of the third variation of "gothenburg variation", the high-pitched part appears first, and after the first section imitates the high-pitched part by using the middle-tone part to form the synchronization with the high-pitched part, which is also the main feature of the consistency of the decorative tone modification of the cannon section. It is worth noting that Bach used the appoggiatura to process the A scale in the high part, and did the same to the middle part in the second section, reflecting the essence of cannon's composition technique.

This assignment analyzes Bach's keyboard music masterpiece "variations of gothenburg" in terms of grace notes, and simply understands the writing style of music in the baroque period. For the contemporary performer, want to understand the use of melisma in Bach's keyboard music even more skill, it is not enough to just rely on a "goldberg variations", its basic or want to understand and grasp more baroque music culture, understand Bach, and constantly in the keyboard practice repeatedly speculated the music style, use the style and functional grace note, learn to add different grace note in the most appropriate position. It should be said that the artistic value contained in the works of Bach keyboard music is extremely profound, as Beethoven once said in his evaluation of Bach, "Bach is not a brook, is the sea."

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英国学术论文的写作技巧分享

英国大学对于同学们的学术写作非常严格，这就非常难为留学生了。毕竟与当地学生想比，他们的英文水平和用语习惯都有很大差距。但不管怎样，论文还是得去写，所以下面就给大家分享一下英国学术论文的写作技巧，希望同学们能提升一下自己的写作能力。

一、怎样润色自己的文章

1.Review的时刻

在文章刚刚完结的时分，因为满足感的充满，咱们会很难发现一些过错。不过，假如一两天不阅览咱们的文章，再回过头来细细阅览的话，咱们会发觉自己能找出更多的过错。

2.擅于否定自己

修正咱们文章的时分，最好想象一下：假如自己是教师的话，会希望看到些什么内容。假如断定自己在某一方面的确描绘得不尽人意的话，最好是作必定的修正。总的来说，在这个阶段，咱们要擅于否定自己，并做好做大改动的心理准备。

3.查看文章的结构

要查看一下自己的文章是不是详略得当，是否有夸张的当地或许论说不行的当地，在逻辑推理上有没有缺点，在章节和阶段的布局上是否合理，章节和阶段的号码是否正确等等。

二、写一个Powerful的Conclusion

Conclusion里边最好不要重复咱们前文中的文字。Conclusion应该是一个更高层次的总结，应该包括对数据资料和学术观点的概括性总结，以及各章节分观点的提高。总而言之，写conclusion时，一是要花心思，二是要有归纳性。

三、写完全文再写Abstract

信任许多小伙伴都会这样做吧？原因也很简单。因为论文写作过程中免不了大的修正，全文写完后咱们才会真实清楚自己的文章里究竟涵盖了哪些内容，所以假如把abstract留到最终写的话，会愈加地简单。

以上就是关于英国学术论文的写作技巧分享，如果同学们能把这些写作技巧学会，那么一定能提升论文的质量。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：Community archives in Europe and America

本篇paper代写- Community archives in Europe and America讨论了欧美的社群档案。社群档案，就是特定社群成员所形成的，记录社群历史的文件集合，并由社群成员自主管理社群档案的记录、保存、获取和利用。近年来，欧美兴起一系列建立在社群基础上的文化现象，并形成了不同的社群档案。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

In recent years, a series of cultural phenomena based on community emerged in Europe and America, and different community archives were formed. This paper takes the south Asian American digital archives as an example. By introducing its basic information, features and representative projects, it shows the operational mode of European and American community archives, and improves people's understanding of the construction of advanced community archives abroad.

The community archive mainly refers to the collection of documents formed by a specific community member to record the community history, and the community member independently manages the record, preservation, acquisition and utilization of the community archive. Among them, community members refer to groups with common identity, such as region, race, belief, gender, occupation, etc. At present, most community archival theories are created by scholars based on the large populations of developed countries and the legacy of complex colonialism, slavery, conquest and settlement, such as the United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. In these countries, there are a number of independent archival practices carried out by communities, such as the black community in the UK, the gay community in Canada, and the nuja aboriginal community in Australia. In contrast, south Asian Americans have been a community in the United States, especially in California, for more than 130 years. It's also one of the fastest-growing communities in Los Angeles county. Their existence is increasingly impossible to ignore, and their history should be remembered. It can be said that it is the general immigration problem in the United States that prompts the foreign immigrant community like south Asian Americans to seek their own identity and historical records in the United States. Based on this, this paper takes the south Asian American digital archive as an example to introduce its related aspects of community archive practice, which makes people have a certain understanding of community archive construction in Europe and America.

South Asian Americans was founded in 2008, digital archives by michelle caswell and sami malik co-founded. When they work at the university of Chicago, michelle caswell in South Asia as the research direction of assistant bibliograph, sami's malik is South Asia research center in the promotion of the coordinator, they evaluate the south Asian American history archives and found no other archives can systematically collected data, the history of the south Asian American does not even have a archive for collection. At the same time, they consider that south Asian Americans are aging and their descendants are unable to preserve the historical material, plus many of the early 1990s social networking sites and native electronic materials have disappeared. As librarians and community organizers, they each invested $100 to buy server space and found collaborators who were good at managing nonprofit financial experience, building the south Asian American digital archive. "As an independent national nonprofit, the south Asian American digital archive is dedicated to providing a voice to a more inclusive society by documenting, preserving and sharing stories that represent the unique and diverse experiences of south Asian americans." This quote appears on the front page of the website, which is a good indication of the original intention of the south Asian American digital archive. At present, under the joint efforts of related personnel, the south Asian American digital archive has the world's largest publicly available collection of documents documenting the south Asian American experience, and it has become the only non-profit organization in the United States to record, preserve and provide the rich historical information of South Asia nationwide.

The south Asian American digital archive's staff consists mostly of boards and volunteers. Currently, the board consists of seven members, all of whom are of south Asian descent. They have different professional backgrounds, work in different industries, and serve as chairman, secretary and treasurer of the board of directors. It is worth noting that Sammy's malik is a member of the board of directors, the only paid.

In addition to board members, the service members of the south Asian American digital archive include volunteers across the United States. They are responsible for capturing, digitizing and describing materials. In numerous volunteers, Brian cook is another of the archives of the paid staff, he is mainly responsible for website of visual design and strategy of digital management. There are also lawyers who, gratuitously, help fill out registration documents, draft grant certificates for archives and handle copyright issues.

Most community archives collect traditional records, such as personal and organizational records, more centrally. They also collect other types of archival materials, including cultural relics, artwork, clothing, oral history, photographs, films, flyers, badges, newspapers, books and grey literature, to reflect important aspects of community life. For example, the Asian African and Caribbean performing artist archives is a archive storage institution for the preservation, sharing and dissemination of the performance art in the United Kingdom. The east London regional archives is an organization that records and maintains cultural heritage and related archives for various communities in the east London region. WISEArchive is an online community archive for seniors in Norfolk, dedicated to documenting and preserving the work experience of older adults, publishing WISEArchive staff conversations with respondents, and users can also add their own stories directly to the web page, including titles, articles, personal information, related photos, and more. In contrast, the south Asian American digital archive collects electronic documentation of various forms relating to the diverse history of migration in South Asia, particularly in its content, which focuses on the global south Asian immigrant community. In places like New York or queens, for example, there are many india-caribbean communities. These communities tend to be ignored by other south Asian American communities, and the south Asian American digital archive tries to include these communities in its collection. In addition, the south Asian American digital archive emphasizes the collection of materials related to early south Asian immigrants, anti-south Asian race riots, labor, students, religious organizations, political participation, artists and intellectuals. They have collected pamphlets against British rule by punjabi labourers in the early 20th century and online magazines by Muslim punk bands in the early 2000s.

Post-preservation mode means that the archives is not responsible for the custody of the archival entities, which are kept by their originators, and the archivists only provide support for their originators and custodians. As Mr Cook puts it: "the transition of archivists from physical custodians to knowledge providers is a requirement of the transition from custodian to custodian in response to the challenges of the electronic age." Cheap and relatively easy to use, in other words, scanning, upload and share the development of software technology popularization, make it easier for people to cross community social way to actively participate in the sharing and processing the documents, archival process of target image, the character location photos, and no longer subject to geographical distance, visit entity exhibition and the limitation of the archives of ability. Limited by their economic situation, the founders of the south Asian American digital archive clearly understood that they could not create a physical space to hold the archive permanently. So they opened a digital archives to private and family, the government or the university archives collection as the object, history of electronic materials, collect native electronic documents, archival and suitable way to describe them, use them and archives materials related links, eventually make anyone in the world can through the way of the Internet, free and easy access to the content. South Asian Americans is the basic principle of digital archives of electronic, as being professional archives staff leadership organization, the south Asian Americans digital archives in accordance with the standard of digital books in the library of congress, as far as possible using the scanner electronic materials of the highest quality, but in some special circumstances, they will also use the lower configuration of handheld scanner. And in keeping with LOCKSS, they keep multiple backup servers across the U.S. and store data in the cloud at the same time. The south Asian American digital archive has adopted such a post-storage model. After the electronic archive material, the physical material is still owned by the person, family, organization or archive it belongs to. The website only needs to manage the electronic content.

The lack of resources will hinder the growth of archives and the ability of future development. Therefore, as a non-profit organization, the biggest challenge is the source of resources. The south Asian American digital archive tackles this problem in three ways. First, the south Asian American digital archive is flexible in its use of various social resources. In addition to the website, it has set up Tides, an online magazine, registered Facebook and Twitter accounts, and used email lists to update the public about their recent activities. Take community BBS, for example, where they collect input from the south Asian American digital archive to help solve problems that might arise in other communities. Second, the website has been offering donation channels, and set up a progress bar to remind visitors of the fundraising process. As of 7 February 2016, a total of $29,482 had been received, representing 98 per cent of the target funds raised. Most of the fundraising comes from individuals. Third, strengthen cooperation with independent community archives and mainstream archives, cultural relics professionals or organizations. In addition to receiving help from volunteers across the United States, the south Asian American digital archive has set up an academic committee of university scholars to conduct further academic research on south Asians in the United States by supporting the work of the website. Common founder Michael kass weir is one of the members of the committee. As an assistant professor of history and Asia studies at saint Joseph's university, abbas works closely with the south Asian American digital archive in this work. In addition to dozens of oral interviews with men and women in South Asia, abbas looked through archives in England, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.

From its inception in 2008 through February 15, 2017, the south Asian American digital archive has 2,895 unique items online for visitors to view. The author chooses two of these projects to elaborate in detail. Both of them are close to community life and focus on exploring the diversity of community history from the personal experience of community members, so as to achieve the function of sharing and sharing and remembering history.

The south Asian American digital archive launched the "day one" project in 2013 to document and share the experiences of south Asian Americans on their first day in the United States. Specifically, the program listened to individual south Asian Americans' accounts of the obstacles they faced on their first day in the United States and why they left South Asia to reflect the diverse immigrant experiences of south Asians. People can upload no more than three minutes of audio, video, or 300 words of text, either about themselves or about family and friends on their first day in the United States. For example, the first day's story could include a video interview with a Hindu priest who came to the United States from Guyana in 1996, a text narrative written by a mumbai-based student who studied at manholan college in 1970, and a video narrative recorded in American sign language by an 11-year-old hyderabad in the United States since 1983. This participatory micro-history project validates the important historical role of ordinary people and responds to participants' desire to hear more stories from their predecessors. Therefore, within half a month, the website received more than 100 related stories and received positive responses from all walks of life.

Although these narrative reflects the social economy and the diversity of their immigration status, but the lack of leisure time and the disadvantages of technical barriers also hindered many working-class immigrants to participate in the activities, the archives of the volunteers through targeted interviews with the working class immigrants, the part of the problem to some extent. There are also undocumented immigrants who are reluctant to participate because of fear, which the archive allows participants to participate anonymously. For example, two anonymous stories provided by immigrants from Pakistan, who believed that speaking out about their experiences might negatively affect their lives, chose to participate in the project anonymously.

Although the main chronicler of the site is south Asian Americans, they hope that the United States and the world will be more fully aware of the importance of immigrant and ethnic communities in order to facilitate the development of existing communities and the discussion and positioning of their future roles. At the request of many other immigrant communities interested in the program, the site launched a new "day one" program in December 2014, which, unlike previous ones that only documented south Asian immigrant stories, aims to share stories about immigrants from all over the world arriving in the United States on the first day. As of mid-february 2016, the project had received 247 related stories.

In July 2015, the south Asian Americans digital archives launched its "ethnic indians in Philadelphia: immigrant community life" of the community photo project, the project will be for south Asian Americans and immigrants in Philadelphia to show them in the city has a diverse and depth of experience, to allow these communities in the greater Philadelphia public share their own experience. The project's three core components are photo shooting, display and image preservation. In this month's community photo project, the archive invited more than 30 south Asian Americans living across Philadelphia to upload photos on five topics related to their lives: home, family, work, entertainment and memory. After the photos were collected, the archives organized a reception for participants to share their experiences and ideas, and the photos uploaded were also available to the public on the site. The program helped Philadelphia's south Asian Americans recognize themselves as agents, creators, artists, thinkers and contributors to the city, and fostered their deeper feelings about the city.

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Essay代写：Minors reading Numbers

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Minors reading Numbers，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了未成年人的数字阅读。未成年人数字阅读，指的是未成年人在互联网环境下，利用计算机或手机等信息终端工具查找网络学习资源和解决学习问题的阅读方式。为促进未成年人阅读能力的提高，教育界提出了数字阅读能力培养和教育理论。未成年人数字阅读能力是在新的信息技术应用环境下提出的阅读能力要求，它是借助互联网阅读平台，利用互联网解决问题和困难所要求的技术、策略和方式方法等的结合。

In this essay, through the research abroad on digital reading education of minors and the research of digital reading ability, puts forward the problems existing in the current digital reading ability education of minors, hope for the present education system can pay close attention to minor's digital reading, and set up the relevant teaching content and evaluation standard and promote the development of minor's digital reading ability.

After entering the information age, the importance of the Internet in the study and life of minors has been continuously improved. Carrying out reading activities in the Internet environment has become one of the important learning methods and methods for minors. At the same time, the reading and writing ability of minors is no longer limited to the traditional essay reading, including the reading ability based on network media. In 2009, the international student assessment program added digital reading assessment to print reading assessment as an indicator of reading literacy. Digital reading refers to the reading way in which minors use information terminal tools such as computers and mobile phones to find online learning resources and solve learning problems in the Internet environment. In order to promote the improvement of minors' reading ability, the education circle and the academic circle put forward the digital reading ability training and education theory. Minors' digital reading ability is the reading ability requirement in the new information technology application environment. It is the combination of technologies, strategies and methods required by solving problems and difficulties by using the Internet reading platform. Foreign scholars have carried out a large number of in-depth studies on minors' digital reading, and the author tries to make some beneficial explorations on minors' digital reading on the basis of investigating and sorting out relevant foreign research literature.

Text changes are the main differences between digital reading and essay reading. The text of digital reading is mainly an open information space in digital format created by means of hyperlinks and other information technologies such as the Internet. This change in the way information is presented is a new reading challenge for minors.

In the process of digital reading, the Internet information text can realize the cross integration of multiple text content. Readers can use the Internet information retrieval technology to link the content of different electronic text to obtain, organize, transmit and evaluate information. Some scholars research, points out that digital reading context is not perfect, in the reader and author, situation, the complex interaction between text and the contents of the information access and use of uncertainty, it is easy to cause reading target fuzzy, link of text reading situation on readers transformation ability put forward higher requirements. Compared with essay reading, digital reading mainly shows the following characteristics: the reading process is actually the process of text information filtering and selection, as well as the process of physical text meaning reconstruction. Digital reading not only needs to construct meaning through text, but also needs readers to flexibly choose links, pictures, contents and other new meanings according to reading needs.

Zhu recalled Cairo is an important representative figure of the new reading ability, he selected the hundreds of digital reading records of minors as the research object, summarizes some valuable research results, namely the progress and development of digital technology, the content and connotation of reading had a profound impact, and the Internet have important effects on the composition of minors' ability to read and use the Internet to find the path to solve the problem, need to minors with new techniques and methods.

According to Kate, Cairo, Henley and others, digital reading is a problem-oriented reading process that requires a comprehensive set of skills, including the ability to accurately locate, integrate and evaluate information.

Information positioning ability is the most basic digital reading ability, which has a decisive influence on the effectiveness of digital reading. Some scholars have found that in terms of the distribution of minors' digital reading time, content processing takes 65% of the time and information positioning takes 23% of the time, which takes 88% of the time, while only 12% of the time is spent on other reading practices. It can be seen that information positioning ability is the most important and basic digital reading ability.

Information screening and evaluation ability is also an important part of digital reading ability. After the information is determined, the reader should make an in-depth analysis of its credibility, accuracy and information source, and find the most appropriate and accurate answer by using various methods and channels. Therefore, information positioning ability is also one of the important indicators to evaluate the digital reading ability of minors.

Foreign scholars have also conducted in-depth research on the correlation between the digital reading ability of minors and the essay reading ability. The study found that there was no significant correlation between digital reading ability and essay reading ability, that is, the minors with strong essay reading ability did not show obvious advantages in digital reading.

Through research, scholars have found that the relationship between the essay reading ability and the digital reading ability exists in the following three situations: first, the essay reading ability is higher and the digital reading ability is lower. Second, the essay reading ability is relatively low, digital reading ability is relatively high. Third, the essay reading ability and digital reading ability are relatively high. Through the above three test results, it can be found that there is no significant correlation between minors' digital reading ability and essay reading ability. The strength of essay reading ability cannot be used as the standard and basis for the evaluation of digital reading ability, and there is no mutual conversion channel between essay reading ability and digital reading ability.

Digital reading ability is very different from essay reading ability. It must be developed in the Internet environment. Due to the different economic development levels, there is a significant imbalance in the Internet education resources available to minors in various countries, regions and even families. Foreign scholars generally believed that the government will formulates related policies and systems, digital reading compulsory education into the school curriculum, and to establish the corresponding reading ability evaluation index system, guide the school attaches great importance to the minor's digital reading education at all levels, to ensure the economic underdeveloped regions in the digital reading ability training of minors to create a good condition.

At present, the United States, Australia and other countries in primary and secondary school language tests have added digital reading standards and test content. The Common Core State Standards Initiative states that digital reading skills require students to be able to collect and analyze information using digital, information technology and tools in order to adapt to The development of social technology. The new literacy standards for primary and middle school students established in Ireland include digital communication, online literacy and the ability to solve practical problems through information technology. Australia and the United Kingdom have also added courses related to digital reading ability in the teaching contents of primary and secondary schools and set teaching standards.

At present, the teaching theories about minors' digital reading ability mainly include the following: online interactive teaching mode, situational interactive learning, social interventional experiential learning and social constructive learning. Online interactive teaching model. This mode sets a highly simulated teaching situation, and each stage corresponds to different reading needs and goals. For example, the basic stage is mainly to carry out network basic knowledge teaching, and at the highest stage, developing students' information acquisition and discrimination ability becomes the key. Situational learning. In the Internet learning environment, students tend to be better adapted to digital reading than teachers. Therefore, teachers should strengthen the innovation of teaching methods, organize students to carry out interactive learning and group discussion, and guide students to develop in the right direction. In this process, teachers are only responsible for planning and organizing. Social interventional experiential learning. Teachers through the establishment of the Internet under the environment of reading teaching pattern of cooperation, to create the real teaching scenes, to help students in actual situation to carry out the learning activities, let the student to have got good command of reading skills in practical situations, do put this to use, and encouraging them to further learn and consolidate the reading skills. Social constructive learning. According to the theory of social constructivism, knowledge is formed through cooperative exchange and agreement exchange. Discussion is conducive to deepening understanding. Students can participate in collective discussions and have their ideas collided. Students can express different views on the same issue in the process of reading, and students can be guided to reflect by setting different cooperative learning tasks. Improving teachers' reading skills is also a problem that new reading ability teaching needs to face seriously. Teachers who are responsible for teaching digital reading should be provided with good professional training opportunities, and teachers' online reading and writing ability should be enhanced to share their learning experience, experience and harvest with students.

In the open Internet environment, for minors, the self-evaluation and control in metacognitive strategies have a great impact on their reading ability. Whether the correct reading strategies are adopted or not is directly related to the improvement of minors' digital reading literacy.

Scholars pointed out that in the Internet reading environment, reading has four basic elements, namely, planning, prediction, monitoring and evaluation. Therefore, in the digital reading environment, whether readers can comprehensively use reading strategies such as prediction, monitoring and evaluation becomes more important, which is also the concrete manifestation of metacognitive strategies in the reading process. General reading strategies, supportive reading strategies and problem oriented reading strategies are commonly used by students in the process of digital reading.

Zhu recalled Cairo, points out that the four factors in the process of digital reading - old knowledge activation, logic analysis ability, reading control, emotion regulation ability, etc., each one is very important. Other scholars have found through research that readers' self-control and adjustment strategies are the most widely used strategies in the process of digital reading.

Rumley et al. studied the self-control strategy, adjustment strategy and management strategy used in the digital reading process of readers, and pointed out that self-management strategy can strengthen readers' sense of learning responsibility, while self-control strategy can improve readers' learning effect, regardless of their level of self-control ability. Some scholars investigated and studied the English digital reading strategies of Iranian students, and found that the most used strategies in reading were problem-solving strategies, followed by general reading strategies and supportive reading strategies.

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