report results部分的写作要点

对于留学生来说，report的写作难度要高于essay，因为report的写作是建立在做研究上的，所以需要分析大量的实验数据，然后得出实验结果，再进行讨论，形成最终的结论。下面就给大家讲解一下report results部分的写作要点。

第一部分：Report Results部分的写作要点

1、组成安排

①结果部分，列出最能体现实验结果的代表性数据，并在起承转合的部分体现出行文的逻辑关系。

②要注意把结果描述清楚，做了哪些实验，发现了什么现象，有什么结论。

③不要对结果过多解释，不能加入主观评价。

④每一小段都在结尾处，解释这部分结果，便于审稿人和读者对文章的阅读和理解。

⑤重点强调对应于研究问题或者是假设的答案。

2、数据安排

①结果部分的数据，用文字、表格、图片分别展示。

②数据的呈现原则是阴性的实验结果不需要给出具体的数据，但如果有重要的阴性结果，需要说明。

③要列出代表性数据而非所有的数据。

④图和表比正文表达得更加清楚，要善于用图片和表格简化结果部分的语言描述，但如果用简单的文字就能阐明，无需再用图表来表达。

⑤图表之间要标识清楚，格式统一，方向注意对齐。

⑥另外，要把最重要的发现放在Figure1。

⑦图表包含具有明确统计学意义的陈述，比如P值，不能夸大统计学上的细微差异。⑧图、表、文字部分的数据，不要相互重复。

3、时态问题

结果部分需要展示本课题的全部论证证据，用以解释和支持假设或者排除其他备选的解释。

①结果部分用于描述自己的研究结果，因为其发生于写作之前，叙述的时态基本上为过去时。

②另外，需要用现在时态的子标题把每种不同的结果分成单独的小节，使得子标题与“方法”部分的子标题和图表的标题相互对应。

③在描述结果呈现形式（图或表），或者直接用图或表作为主语时，因为是写作当时发生的事，所以使用一般现在时。

4、论证逻辑

①结果部分应该按研究情况的逻辑进行展开，按照现象-机制-在体功能的逻辑顺序展开。

②先把每个小的实验结果组织成不同的段落，段落语句之间再按照起承转合的部分进行连接。

③针对每个实验结果分别进行讲述，某个条件下做了哪些实验，哪些表达或现象变化。

④以生物类研究为例，一般是先写现象，比如以某种筛选得到蛋白的信息，或者在某种疾病的患者中发现某种基因或者蛋白的异常表达；再写机制，比如该基因或者蛋白通过某种分子或者信号通路起作用，最后写基因或者蛋白的在体功能。

第二部分：Report Results部分写作的词汇句型

程度词：increase, decrease; upregulate, downregulate; elevate, reduce; high, low; strong, weak; no change, pronounce; modulate, regulate, amerliorate

执行动词：use, compare, examine, test, confirm, perform, devise, observe

因果动词：cause, due to, therefore, thereby, as for, since, as a result, in order to, so

实验结果：show, suggest, reveal, demonstrate, display, indicate, find, implicate, appear, surmise

递进和强调逻辑关系词：Notably, Surprisingly, Interestingly, Significantly, In addition to, Unexpectedly,

逻辑连接词：By contrast; Accordingly; Consistently; Consistent with this prediction/previous findings that; correlated with; Indeed, Consequently, Likewise, Similarly, As such, In spite of, In parallel to, Briefly, whereas, though, although, regardless of, nevertheless, conversely, despite, instead, even though, even if, while, in fact, on the other hand, at the same time

总结句型：

Taken together, In a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to summarize, in conclusion, to conclude

Together these results suggest that;

These results suggest that

实验论述句型：

1、To discover/test whether….., we examined…….

2、XXX suggesting that at least part of the change in XXX is due to

3、To confirm that XXX function is indeed XXX, we performed XXX.

4、We then assayed XXX-like phenotypes and found that XXX displayed XXX.

5、How does XXX? We hypothesize that XXX

6、According to the findingd that XXX, we thus speculate that XXX.

7、Previous report that XXX, led us to evaluate the effect of XXX.

8、Thus, by increasing XXX expression or decreasing XXX, we were able to phenocopy XXX

9、Given that XXX plays a pivotal role in XXX , and in light of our finding that XXX, we tested whether

10、By applying XXX that enabled XXX, we found that XXX.

以上就是关于report results部分的写作要点讲解，同学们在写作report的时候，可以按照这些要点去写，基本就没什么问题了。

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作业代写：Reduce the cost

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Reduce the cost，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了降低成本的问题。成本指标是企业各种指标中最主要的指标之一。在成本管理工作中，应将降低成本作为一项重要的内容。成本无时不刻不在发生，对成本的控制和管理也应该是持续的，不但要降低成本，还要保持住已降低的成本水平；只有保持住已降低的成本水平，降低成本的工作才有意义，成本管理的结果才能满足预期的目的。

The cost index is one of the most important indexes in the enterprise. Cost reduction should be an important part of cost management. If the results of the cost management work do not effectively reduce the cost, it cannot be said that the cost management work has achievements. While exploring the ways and methods of cost reduction, how to avoid detours is equally important. There are several errors in cost reduction management.

Cost is a systemic problem. Organization in the process of the implementation of cost management, there is no established a system of management thoughts, did not consider cost management is a systems engineering to the implementation of the comprehensive control, think of what you tube, a headache cure head, feet hurt the medical foot, down the east wall of the result is how to plug also does not block, cost or drop down or effect is not obvious, even in new losses.

Companies only study activity costs and ignore cost events, resulting in a fire accident. This side is reducing cost, that side is causing loss, and the speed of loss must be faster than the speed of reducing cost.

Enterprises attach great importance to the control of production cost and neglect the control of management decision cost. The result is poor decision-making and a lot of opportunity costs are lost.

Like this "attend" phenomenon, therefore, it is best to use system management ideas, set up an effective cost management system, implement comprehensive cost control and management, fundamentally eliminate the phenomenon of "attend", so as to make cost down to as low as possible, maximize the profit of organization.

In the process of cost management, some enterprises only pay attention to cost accounting, and even some enterprises take cost accounting as the core of cost management, and blindly require financial staff or cost accounting staff to collect and calculate costs properly. Some business leaders only pay attention to financial and cost reports, and use the Numbers in the reports to manage costs. There is no doubt that this approach has a right side. The result of cost accounting is also a measure of the performance and cost level of cost management. The data of cost accounting is used to carry out analysis and find differences, which also plays a role in reducing cost. However, in the final analysis, the cost accounting is still controlled after the fact. The cost is not controlled in advance or in the process of occurrence, and the cost accounting cannot replace the cost management. Because the results of cost accounting and the figures reflected in the report can only indicate that these costs have already occurred, the loss has already existed, more is more, less is less; If you lose, you lose; if you gain, you gain. We have to study how to control the next step, "repair the damage", the cost of this period will not be able to recover. Therefore, this kind of "post-mortem", "accounting after the fall" practice is not desirable. The main reason for the post-management in terms of cost is that the traditional cost management mode is still continuing, and this mode has a profound impact on enterprise managers. The learning ability of the organization is not enough to timely absorb and update advanced management concepts. Managers have not fully understood and mastered a set of scientific cost control and cost management methods, and have not deeply understood the essence and laws of "cost must occur in the process" and "it is impossible to recover". Therefore, these enterprises should change their management methods as soon as possible, truly focusing on prevention and preventing the future, and in the process of cost incurred by "should happen! Or shouldn't it happen?" Focus attention. We should strengthen the management and control of quota, budget and cost plan, make efforts in identifying, determining, accounting and eliminating cost drivers, and transfer the post-control to the pre-control and process control as soon as possible.

Most enterprises have a common phenomenon that they rely on financial staff to manage their costs. Cost occurs in the process and is a systemic problem. Costs occur in the operation of the design, development, procurement, production, sales and service processes. Due to the financial personnel management scope is small, can only be carried out on the part of the process management and control, all can't go deep into the process and the whole system, resulting in management, blind area, such as: occurred in the process of purchasing cost is controlled by the procurement staff to occur in the process of production cost is controlled by the production personnel, and so on, these processes are not under control of financial personnel, financial personnel accounting data is often and assignments are not linked, so simply rely on financial personnel to management costs is limited, don't tube, the cost is not fall down, at a discount greatly management results can not achieve the desired purpose. Therefore, systematic problems need to be solved systematically. It is not enough for an enterprise to rely only on financial staff for cost management. All kinds of personnel should have the responsibility and awareness of cost management.

In the process of cost management, some enterprises only consider how to reduce costs, ignore the maintenance after the reduction, and blindly reduce costs, believing that the cost management work is over when the cost is reduced. The cost management activity is regarded as a kind of cost reduction exercise. When the cost comes down, it relaxes or even stops the management and control of the cost. It cannot maintain or not maintain the reduced cost level. Cost happens all the time, and the control and management of cost should be continuous and continuous, not only to reduce the cost, but also to maintain the reduced cost level. Only by maintaining the reduced cost level, can the work of reducing cost be meaningful, and the result of cost management can meet the expected purpose. Only by lowering and keeping; Keep it down to the lowest possible level.

The price of the product offered by the supplier is one of the most important factors affecting the cost of the organization and an important part of the total cost of the organization. Since the price of the product provided by the supplier is the sum of its cost plus profits, the supplier has transferred its own cost to the organization in the form of price, that is to say, the cost of the supplier is also a part of the total cost of the organization.

Think of there are a lot of enterprises adopt the advanced cost management method, can manage costs, costs will continue to come down, when choosing the method of management for fashion, blindly without combining with the actual situation of the enterprise itself, ignoring basic management, regardless of the time, without a good foundation to build the great buildings, no walk, run, such as the United States of homework cost method, this management approach requires that enterprises have very good operation basic data and operation management ability. Any kind of management method has the foundation, develops step by step. Blindly pursuing advanced management methods, without considering the foundation and adaptability of themselves, and carrying out cost management step by step.

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argument essay怎么写,research essay写作讲解

留学生在度过一段适应期之后，会慢慢开始接触英文作业，像essay这种常见的作业形式，它的类型有很多种。今天就跟大家讲解一下其中的两种，就是argument essay和research essay，希望能帮到大家的写作。

一、什么是argument essay

经过对整个高等教育的教育进程安排剖析后，咱们发现，argument essay的写作有清晰的意图：调查学生对所承受的训练常识概括，并对具体专业问题展开杂乱决策和使用的才能。argument essay的选题一般会要求答复某一个专业与实践问题严密相关的问题。argument essay协助学生系统化的整理、安排和使用所学的理论常识，并协助教师查看学生把握相关常识的程度和质量。

二、什么是research essay

research essay一般会出现在某一个学习阶段完毕后，用于调查大学或学院学生进行某项科学研讨而书写的探究性论文。

研讨论文的内容会包括与学生所学学科有关的杂乱、专业乃至不流畅的词语或许名词，展示学生对特定学科的实践使用技术和研讨才能。研讨论文写作有清晰的研讨目标并使用谨慎的理论常识并结合实践以力求处理具体的科学决策使用和实践中的问题。

research essay的基本要求：

1.论文主题有必定的研讨紧迫性，契合现代科学理念并在相应范畴具有必定的发展前景；

2.针对主题进行专题研讨并进行批判性的剖析；

3.所研讨主题的近年研讨状况，及其相应范畴的最佳实践状况；

4.研讨主题的精确特色，研讨的意图和研讨进程描述、剖析和实验状况；

5.研讨结果的概括总结，依据、定论和实践使用主张。

学生写作研讨论文（research essay）应该充沛阅览了解课程内容，并在写作进程中边写作边实践，写作研讨论文应该以积极展开实践研讨为根底。

学生的课程研讨论文写作能够调查学生的一般科学研讨探究才能水平，它有助于学生将所学常识转化为某学科实践决策才能，有助于提高学生使用独立资料展开研讨和剖析总结的才能。

大学或学院学生的研讨论文大多会由教授供给清晰的研讨主题，约束学生的研讨方向并清晰整个研讨论文的查核目标，有助于量化查核学生的学术水平和研讨才能技术。

以上就是关于argument essay和research essay的讲解，可能同学们刚开始接触英文论文写作的时候会非常不习惯，这是很正常的，所以我们要做的就是坚持，平时多花时间去练习，这样才会有更大的进步。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：Emotional management of business

本篇paper代写- Emotional management of business讨论了企业的情感管理。情感管理是人本管理的重要内容，它要求企业管理者要以真挚的情感增强来管理者与员工之间的情感联系和思想沟通，是把思想工作也纳入企业管理体系的一种管理方法，是现代企业制度下科学管理的重要组成部分。建立以人为中心面向人的情感管理，既能满足员工的心理需求，又能提高企业管理的效果，从而为企业的发展提供源源不断的动力。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Emotional management is an important content of humanistic management. It requires enterprise managers to strengthen the emotional connection and ideological communication between managers and employees with sincere emotions. It is a management method to bring ideological and political work into the enterprise management system and an important part of scientific management under the modern enterprise system. The establishment of human-centered and people-oriented emotional management can not only meet the psychological needs of employees, promote the formation of a harmonious working situation, but also improve the effect of enterprise management, so as to provide continuous power for the development of enterprises.

The purpose of emotional management is to use a human organizational culture to coordinate the relationship between enterprises and employees. Motivate employees in a humane and personalized manner. The starting point of management is to promote the realization of reasonable aspirations of employees, realize the common development of enterprises and employees in an environment of respect, trust and support, and let employees feel their own value and significance in work.

The situation of each employee in the enterprise is changing, which determines that emotional management is different from other management methods and has its own characteristics.

Human emotion is limited by time and emotion management should be transferred by time and place. Therefore, the emotion management should grasp the time regulation, discover the problem in time and take effective measures in time. It is easy to cause some legacy problems and hinder the concrete implementation of emotion management by missing certain time. Second, directivity. The generation and change of worker's feeling, often live together with certain problem, certain desire, reflect apparent directivity. Ignoring this, emotional management will be ill-directed. Therefore, in the work, the work must be done, can really blossom and bear fruit; Third, continuity. Emotion management is not a periodical affair, but a long-term continuous work. As the enterprise moves forward and the social environment changes, employees will show colorful emotions. But from a certain Angle, the real emotion is the continuation and development of the past emotion, the two are related. Therefore, we should adhere to the rules of connection and development and pay attention to emotional continuity. Fourth, communication. Traditional management emphasizes the grasp of employees' behaviors, ignores the care of employees' inner feelings, and shows more characteristics of being inflexible, mechanical and arbitrary. Emotion management, on the other hand, pays attention to the objective psychological situation of human beings, attaches importance to the communication between each other, and shows the characteristics of democracy, equality and harmony. The implementation of emotion management, mainly through different communication channels, strive to contact feelings, exchange views, and finally reach consensus. Therefore, it is more effective than the traditional management method, the method is more feasible; Fifth, hysteresis. The management of the system is generally effective and immediate. Emotion management has a certain lag, not to see the effect soon, but its effect is solid, lasting. It's the transformation of people's emotions that doesn't happen very quickly. Therefore, only emotional communication can achieve behavioral change, and the behavior with emotional attachment is the most powerful.

Emotion management is the management mode of modern enterprise. If enterprise managers want to use emotion management flexibly during working hours, they must follow the basic principles of emotion management.

The basic principle of emotion management has three aspects: one is the principle of universality. The enterprise personnel is numerous, the sentiment that reflects comes out is various. To straighten out the emotions of employees and cultivate their healthy emotions, we need to take the overall situation into consideration and focus on the general problems. You can't beat or suppress the positive emotions of most people by satisfying the negative emotions of fewer people. Second, the principle of efficiency. The primary goal of emotional management should be: the employee's emotion is better and positive; the needs of the staff are basically met, and they are relieved of their duties. The enthusiasm of the staff is very high and full of energy. Truly achieve this goal requirement, can drive the enterprise to develop well, can certainly promote the enterprise economic benefit growth. Therefore, enterprise leaders must understand that emotional management is linked to the economic benefits of the enterprise, and the use of emotional management must reflect economic benefits. Emotional management without economic benefits is not successful, or even a failure. The third is the principle of control. The function of emotion management is limited, it can only be one of effective management methods. In the use of emotional management, avoid a word "excessive", abuse of emotional management can not fundamentally solve the problem. And the mood of management object, demand and enthusiasm to do accurate analysis. The positive positive, the negative negative, the adjustment of the adjustment, not lost control, avoid unprincipled coping, do "good man". We should adopt rational and scientific control to implement emotion management accurately and effectively.

One is to create a fair, just and open atmosphere within the enterprise. Pay attention to the actual assessment, enhance the internal motivation, to achieve a clear reward and punishment, chapter must follow, and form a good working atmosphere of the enterprise; Second is to do everything possible to arouse the enthusiasm of employees dedicated to work. Every enterprise should adjust the work posts of employees regularly and change the practice of "staying the same, never changing" so that employees have the right to choose their career positions. Appropriately changing jobs can increase employees' interest in work, stimulate their enthusiasm for work, and exercise employees' ability to adapt to work, so as to improve the work efficiency of the enterprise; Third, we should adopt democratic and equal working methods. We should create an atmosphere of free discussion and exploration within the enterprise, give employees some autonomy, encourage them to tell the truth and tell the truth, care about the future and destiny of the enterprise, participate in the management activities of the enterprise, and offer Suggestions for the development of the enterprise. Fourth, respect the personality of enterprise personnel, protect and support their healthy feelings. When making decisions or executing, enterprises should fully respect the thoughts and wishes of enterprise employees, respect their own personality, do what they are willing to do and do what is beneficial to them. Once against the enterprise personnel's will, hurts their personality, any work is difficult to complete smoothly; Fifth, dredge up and down communication channels. Enterprise managers must go out of the office, go deep into the field of enterprise management, strengthen information communication and emotional connection between superiors and subordinates, and reliably grasp and guide the development of the situation. Realize advanced guidance, timely prevention, so that the adverse factors can be eliminated as soon as possible, to promote good aspects of the transformation; Six is to care about key employees. Do a good job to help employees who have difficulties and problems. Be honest and do practical things to help them. By doing one thing at a time, you can reach more people and motivate more employees. Seventh, managers should lead by example and unite the masses. Enterprise managers should be strict with themselves and act by themselves, maintain common values with subordinates, share weal and woe, do not engage in privilege, equal get along with each other, fulfill their responsibilities, establish a good relationship with groups, form joint forces, and promote the rapid development of the enterprise.

Generally speaking, emotion management can be divided into seven stages: cognition stage, communication stage, guidance stage, coordination stage, transformation stage, inspection stage and evaluation stage. For these seven stages, the following management methods can be adopted: Business managers and employees should talk with each other sincerely and equally on issues of mutual concern, communicate information, enhance feelings and exchange views, so as to jointly explore and solve problems. Through a practical and simple investigation, the employee's emotional performance, demand composition, work attitude and other situations can be mastered, laying a foundation for the formulation of measures and countermeasures of emotional management. Direct and indirect methods are used to find out the performance and psychological state of employees. It is necessary to carry out various cultural, learning and public welfare activities among enterprise employees, and reflect the mental state of the employees in the activities, so as to master various emotions and emotions revealed by the employees. Enterprise managers, especially senior managers, should meet with enterprise employees on a regular basis and have direct conversations with each other to enhance mutual understanding and eliminate misunderstandings, so as to protect and promote the initiative of employees. You can set up a reception day, network mailbox, online BBS, suggestion box, etc., and listen to the opinions, Suggestions, criticism and even complaints of employees in a timely manner. Give employees the opportunity to express their wishes and relieve their psychological pressure. We need to pay attention to the fact that we must respond to questions and answers in a timely manner, and we should not ignore them or put them off. According to the characteristics of the enterprise, the related personnel should be summoned regularly to make a comprehensive assessment of the ideological, psychological and behavioral status of the enterprise employees, determine the basic results, find out the existing gaps and reasons for the gaps and formulate the solutions.

In general, to do a good emotional management, enterprises must be the "home" of employees, so that employees have a sense of belonging, security and happiness. Managers at all levels of an enterprise should care about and care for their employees as their relatives do. Only in this way can employees more consciously create benefits and wealth for the enterprise. In addition, emotional management should pay attention to the combination with corporate culture construction, formulate development strategies and development goals that have corporate personality and reflect the company's expectations, formulate developmental ethics and code of conduct, train talents, develop intelligence, and improve employees' cultural quality and technical expertise.

As long as an enterprise truly attaches great importance to employees' emotional factors, which can not be ignored for its business operation and development, and does the emotional management well and truly, it will create an efficient and harmonious enterprise environment with unlimited positive energy and the integration of people and enterprises.

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Essay代写：The European debt crisis

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The European debt crisis，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了欧债危机。在全球化的今天，世界各大经济体的联动性加强了许多。在欧洲债务危机爆发后，其命运牵动着世界各国的经济神经。欧洲债务危机是源于欧洲主权国家由于债务问题导致的主权信用危机。在美国爆发次贷危机后，欧洲各国为提振经济避免衰退，纷纷采取了扩张性的财政政策，大举借债。这使得那些原先就债台高筑的欧洲国家雪上加霜，债务负担积重难返，最终导致了债务危机。

In today's globalization, the world's major economies are more interconnected. After the European debt crisis broke out, its fate affected the economic nerve of the world. In the context of the European debt crisis, this paper takes Greece as an example to analyze the causes of the Greek debt crisis, the measures taken by the European Union and the European central bank in the face of the debt crisis and the evaluation of these measures.

The European debt crisis is originated from the sovereign credit crisis of European countries due to their debt problems. After the us subprime crisis in 2007, European countries adopted expansionary fiscal policies and borrowed heavily to boost their economies to avoid recession. This made the debt burden of Europe's already heavily indebted countries worse, and eventually led to the debt crisis.

The first phase of Europe's debt crisis is the Icelandic crisis. In October 2008, Iceland's three largest Banks were insolvent and in trouble, and were taken over by the Icelandic government. The bank debt rose to sovereign debt. Then came the second phase, the eastern European debt crisis. In early 2009, moody's, the international rating agency, triggered debt problems in central and eastern Europe by downgrading Ukraine. The third phase is the Greek debt crisis. Starting from the Greek debt crisis, the sovereign debt crisis is getting worse and gradually spread to Spain, Belgium and Italy.

Greece's debt crisis is fundamentally due to a lack of internal economic momentum. Greece relies on tourism and traditional manufacturing for growth. Greece's tourism industry has been hit hard by the global financial crisis. However, the traditional manufacturing industry is affected by the world's scientific and technological wave, so it cannot make huge profits like the high-tech industry and continuously promote the development of the Greek economy. Sluggish growth has cut Greece's revenues and made it less solvent. In this case, the debt crisis is likely even if Greek government spending is at a slower growth rate.

In 2007, the financial crisis broke out in the United States and spread to the world rapidly. In order to cushion the impact of the financial crisis on the domestic economy, many European countries adopted expansionary fiscal policies, increased government spending and even blindly borrowed money to expand the fiscal deficit. Blind borrowing led to a severe imbalance in the ratio of Greek debt to GDP. At the time of the crisis, Greece's debt-to-gdp ratio was nearly 160 per cent, well above the Maastricht treaty's safety standards. An unbalanced ratio of debt to GDP increases the likelihood of a debt crisis.

Developed Europe has long been known for its high welfare state, and while Greece's welfare spending as a share of GDP is below the eu average, it is far higher than the rest of the world. In Greece, the economic recession, the rapid rise of domestic unemployment rate led to the increase of unemployment insurance expenditure, and there was not enough national financial support to maintain the high welfare, further aggravating the financial burden. In the long run, once the situation worsens, the crisis will inevitably break out.

Countries in the euro area abandoned independent monetary policies in order to achieve a common currency and free flow of capital. Since its founding, the European central bank, led by Germany, has made controlling inflation a top target, keeping inflation below 2%, so monetary policy is less flexible. And because the eu's economic development level differences, such as Germany's robust economic development, don't need to stimulate economic policies, and some small countries in the euro area, need through expansionary policies to support domestic economic growth, this makes it hard for the ECB formulate corresponding policies and meet the needs of the economic development of all countries. Therefore, when countries in the euro area encounter economic problems, they cannot adopt corresponding monetary policies, so they have to turn to fiscal policies. Greece, for example, ran a current-account deficit from 2003 to 2007, but could not improve it by devaluing its own exports to curb imports. Another example is that Greece cannot reduce the size of its debt and alleviate its debt crisis through the devaluation of its currency. Thus, the government has to further expand the fiscal deficit to stimulate the economy, increased the possibility of a debt crisis. Worse, when monetary and fiscal policy have the opposite effect, it is harder for the government to achieve its economic goals. Because the euro zone does not have a sovereign political entity to guarantee the debt of countries in crisis, a bailout is hard to come by when a default occurs.

In July 2012, the European Union began to use ESM as the main financing tool for new projects, and maintained stability through the DE facto financial rescue of eurozone countries. At the same time, European Union member states also offered special aid to Greece, for example, cutting the interest rate on Greek loans by 150 basis points. The measures are expected to keep Greece's debt-to-gdp ratio between 117% and 120.5% by 2020.

The ECB has also taken a series of measures. The first is to operate in the open market, buying treasuries and private bonds, expanding the money supply and easing the debt crisis. The second is the acceptance of both existing and new debt instruments, regardless of the sovereign rating status of the Greek government. There are also loans to European Banks through long-term refinancing operations, the largest of which is made by Greek, Irish, Italian and Spanish Banks.

From the European Union and the European central bank's solution measures, the main focus is to solve Greece's solvency crisis or liquidity crisis. These measures can only solve the debt crisis on the surface or temporarily, and cannot fundamentally prevent the delay or recurrence of the debt crisis. As far as Greece is concerned, the solution to the debt crisis is fundamentally to promote economic development and pay attention to the quality and efficiency of economic development. The government can stimulate the economy by increasing government purchases or investment subsidies, but spending and debt issuance should be stopped just enough to keep debt to a manageable size. Second, the government could encourage greeks to change their consumption and saving habits and increase savings and reduce consumption, which would help reduce the deficit and balance the trade deficit. Thirdly, reduce welfare expenditure appropriately and reduce the financial burden of the government. Without adequate income security and high welfare benefits, it would be irrational to obtain them only through unrealistic borrowing. Finally, we should carry out economic restructuring, improve export industries, increase profits and reduce trade deficit. In the case of the euro zone, the regulation of member countries should be strengthened first, and the principle of strict debt limit and ratio should be strictly implemented, so as to reduce the possibility of debt crisis. For the euro area to face the impossible triangle caused by the inability to reduce the debt burden through currency depreciation should establish a corresponding mechanism to ease its contradictions. Finally, the European central bank should draw lessons from the crisis and set up a crisis response mechanism in order to give early warning of the crisis and take effective measures to resolve the crisis in a timely manner. At the same time, we will carry out financial system innovation to ensure the smooth operation of the economy.

Of course, there are many reasons for the Greek debt crisis besides the aforementioned sluggish economic development, the impact of the 2007 financial crisis and the institutional problems in the eurozone. Nor is the solution to Greece's debt crisis limited to that statement. As for Greece's future trend, it should consider not only its macro monetary and fiscal policies, but also its political and cultural factors, so as to predict the development of European debt crisis more reasonably.

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