Essay代写：A heroic film in American Hollywood

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- A heroic film in American Hollywood，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国好莱坞的英雄主义电影。美国文化本身是比较单纯的，美国人自认为是人类物质和文化的领跑者，所以往往有拯救世界的责任感，而好莱坞漫画电影其实就是恒久不变的美国个人英雄主义的体现，传递的是美国的核心价值观。美国好莱坞的英雄主义电影作为大众文化由于强调影片的商业性以及娱乐性，导致了一些影片在内容上过于简单，情节过于苍白，这样使得部分影片确实了深刻的思想内涵。

Nowadays, American Hollywood films are influencing the Chinese people with unprecedented strength. The reasons for the impact are as follows. First, although there are some commercial blockbusters, the overall level of Chinese domestic films is low and it is difficult to attract Chinese audiences, which gives Hollywood blockbusters a chance to enter the market.

The reason why many people like Hollywood movies is that most of the Hollywood commercial blockbusters have large scenes and plot twists, which can give people a strong sense of excitement. But in terms of connotation, Hollywood movies do not have much educational significance, and what they can do is only to entertain the audience and earn money from the audience. Therefore, many Hollywood movies are not worth appreciating repeatedly, they can only be seen and forgotten.

Hollywood commercial films cover every aspect of life. Some are about police and gangsters, some are about soldiers fighting for honor and country, some are about sad or sweet love stories. So almost all fans can find their favorite movies, which is one of its characteristics.

But Hollywood commercial films also mislead Chinese moviegoers to some extent. Hollywood commercial films cater to audiences by often ending in a happy comedy: truth triumphs over evil, and all shall be well, jack shall have jack. America's strengths are magnified and its weaknesses narrowed. As a result, some Chinese viewers mistakenly believe that the United States is an advanced and developed country.

Individual heroism is the core of the American spirit, which develops with the American history. It mainly reflects the characteristics of equality, freedom, self-improvement, self-reliance and self-realization of the United States. Americans advocate individual freedom, oppose the domination of the outside world to their individuals, and emphasize individual ability and role. In American individualistic heroic movies, the only way to solve disputes is to fight with violence. A hero can always rise in adversity and show his heroism in fighting.

Hollywood for us to build a large number of lone ranger, they sometimes dashing, temperament is special, quick wit, such as the James Bond movie "007" series, can deal with the crisis, not only can women audience's affection; They are brave, muscular, such as in the terminator series movie, played by Arnold Schwarzenegger terminator, with weak against the strong, in the film the last saved humans; There is also the well-known film "forrest gump", shaping the civilian hero, although his IQ is only 75, but he with his indomitable perseverance, made a heroic achievement.

In recent years, Hollywood's superhero movies have been dubbed "super." We fall into this category of heroes called superheroes, and these superheroes are actually the heroic characters created by filmmakers, who have special abilities beyond ordinary people, who can perform extraordinary ACTS of heroism and feats, who can protect people, who can fight against the forces of evil. In this kind of movie, these super heroes often have a set of gorgeous clothes that can represent their own personality and unique super power, and a name that can also show their own ability, the most representative of this feature is no other than superman. The reason for the enduring popularity of the superman films is that they correctly meet the needs of the current state of American society and give Americans the sense of security they lack.

All heroic films emphasize the heroic spirit of "the world gives up its own", which comes from the hero's strong sense of justice and social mission. In every individual heroic type of film, the hero is the only strong person in the film, and he should take the responsibility of defending justice and saving the society.

No matter how volatile the situation may be, heroes have a different kind of super-rational mind, able to make the right judgment and the most perfect arrangement in a short time, and they will always seize the slim chance to win and be able to win.

State famous critic once said: "the United States culture itself is relatively simple, Americans think that is the leader of human material and culture, so often have a walk the responsibility to save the world, and Hollywood cartoon film is constant American personal heroism reflected, is the core values of the United States." The biggest characteristic of the heroes in the comics is that they can have the supernatural power to save the earth, protect human beings, fight against evil and protect the weak through the artistic processing of the makers.

America is a country that advocates individualism, especially individual heroism. It's not uncommon to see the feat of one man saving the earth and one man saving the universe in Hollywood blockbusters, such as the alien series and superman series. Hollywood blockbusters, there is a ten, one hundred, the force of the super hero rambo; And then there's hatigan, the unbeatable cop from sin city.

China is a country that advocates collective strength and collectivism. It is said that big rivers are full of water and small rivers are full of water. When Chinese people achieve success, they will always say humbly: it is the contribution of everyone, it is the contribution of the collective.

Treat such personal heroism values, we should not only to the United States advocating independence, freedom, self-improvement, self-reliance, and personal dignity and justice as positive and positive part of the study, and should pay attention to these types of personal heroism movie itself implied by the individual freedom and social order, promoting violence with violence, and unable to find a balance between a democratic society.

The individualistic heroic images created in American movies have some common characteristics, that is, they deify individualistic heroes infinitely, so as to show the value orientation of extreme individualistic heroism. American Hollywood movies create the illusory illusion of perfect individual heroes on a large scale, especially strengthen the rendering of individual heroes affecting the whole conflict, greatly exaggerating the power of individual heroes to overcome the power of the group of hostile forces, so that the individual power unlimited deification, unlimited exaggeration. This endows these heroes with the value orientation of extreme individual heroism.

Preached in the American movies of all sorts of cultural values, is highly advocating western culture values, full affirmation of all kinds of desire and demand, young individual struggle, personal ideological emancipation and the spirit of individualism and they advocate freedom, democracy, self-improvement, self-reliance, and peace, they advocate the spirit of rationalism and scientific socialism, through the film to promote their own sense of crisis, they also advocated by force for peace, the cultural value orientation, is undoubtedly in breeding ground for the extreme individualism, rationalism, scientism and terrorism the hotbed of ideas. As a mass culture, American films emphasize the commercial and entertainment of films, which leads to some films being too simple in content and too pale in plot. As a result, some films indeed have profound ideological connotations.

In fact, Hollywood is a big VAT of culture, it has advanced culture, but also has the impact of the cultural development of a piece of shit, we in the film appreciation, should choose those classic works of film, rather than just stay in the surface. The idea of individual heroism is fully displayed on the big stage of Hollywood, and how to make a choice in the process of appreciation has become the key for filmmakers in film analysis.

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Assignment代写：Legal education in the United States

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Legal education in the United States，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的法律教育。现代美国的法律教育独具特色，没有一般意义的法律本科生，建立了不同于世界各国的法律教育体系。除此之外，美国的法律教育秉承实用主义精神，遵循职业教育理念，在学制选择、课程设置、教学方法等方面更侧重培养学生的实务能力、职业技能、职业道德和社会责任感，注重维护社会公平和正义。

The legal education in modern America has its own characteristics, and there is no general legal undergraduates. In addition, it also has the following characteristics: adhering to the spirit of pragmatism, following the concept of vocational education, paying more attention to the cultivation of students' practical ability, vocational skills, professional ethics and social responsibility, and paying attention to the maintenance of social fairness and justice in the aspects of school system selection, curriculum setting and teaching methods.

The right to conduct law education in the United States is not in the hands of the federal government, and the education department has no right to intervene. Therefore, each bar association makes different curriculum standards according to the state and law school. At the same time, the development of philanthropy in America led to the prosperity of private education. In order to enroll high-quality students and raise more charitable funds, each law school has adopted the independent form in the choice of academic system, course content and teaching method of law education, thus forming the diversified situation of law teaching in the United States.

The legal education in the United States is the post-undergraduate education, generally speaking, there are three types to choose from: J.D., ll.m. and J.S.D. J.D. requires applicants to have a bachelor's degree and pass the law school entrance exam. J.D. is an American orthodox legal education. After passing J.D., you can take the bar exam. Most American students choose this system. LL.M. usually studies after getting J.D. Generally speaking, it will take nine months to complete. In addition to focusing on general theory, LL. Therefore, it is very common for American law schools to offer different ll. m. courses according to different professional categories. The degree of J.S.D. is based on academic research. You cannot graduate without completing your doctoral dissertation and passing the oral examination. To apply to J.S.D., you need to submit a research plan. Both U.S. and foreign students can choose to attend, and there are no strict requirements for the length of schooling. Because J.S.D. 's requirements for essay writing have been strengthened, the school has more autonomy in reviewing students' applications. The school will decide whether to grant admission to applicants depending on whether the professors have the will to guide them and whether the committee will review them. In practical terms, it seems that American universities do not tend to admit foreign students without the degree of LL. But there are no similar requirements for native students.

There is no uniform law curriculum standard in the United States. Each law school adheres to the principle of theoretical service and practice, and has great autonomy and flexibility in the setting of supporting series of elective courses in addition to the core basic compulsory courses according to the needs of legal career development. After completing courses such as constitution, criminal law, contract law, tort law, procedural law and legal writing in the first year, students can choose deeper and more detailed courses or more advanced special lectures according to their own interests and hobbies.

Flexible teaching methods in American law courses, teachers really regard students as the subject of education, and the teaching method focuses more on the communication and exchange with students. Its teaching is not only about teaching the rules of law, but also about teaching the way lawyers think -- how to use cases, how to operate cases, how to turn cases into things that can be argued, and how to consider cases from the standpoint of different parties. Therefore, in addition to the large classes, the curriculum is more flexible in the form of organization, group discussions, group projects and other ways more common. Teachers seldom teach textbooks according to the book, and pay more attention to how to create a relaxed and independent learning atmosphere. They point out the focus of debate, and constantly ask questions from different angles, so as to conduct highly heuristic vocational training for students.

Pragmatism is at the heart of American education. American law education attaches great importance to the practice to show the life of law. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on the law in daily life in teaching, so as to cultivate students' ability to understand and apply the existing legal system to analyze and solve problems.

In 1871, the dean of harvard law school proposed that the appellate court's decisions highlighting legal principles and concepts were the real authority of the common law, and these decisions should be compiled into teaching materials for students to use. In the teaching process, we should adopt Socratic teaching method to replace expository teaching in these cases. Since then, this teaching method has been carried out in the teaching activities of various law schools. In case teaching method, teachers need to select typical cases according to the teaching content and distribute them to students. Students are required to read these cases before class, and analyze and sort out the facts of the cases, the points of contention, the court decisions and their reasons. In class, the teacher is like a Socratic guide, who does not need to explain, but raises various experimental questions, organizes students to understand the legal concepts and principles hidden in the case, and analyzes and evaluates the legal concepts and norms involved. This teaching method to cultivate the students gain insight into how legal problems occur, as well as how lawyers, courts and the legislature's ability to try to solve, through case study, make students understand how to apply the law of relevant materials, keep the fact that the legal principles to specific combination, and is expected to social reform or actual use of the influence of the legal principles. For law students, living cases are far more appealing than boring encyclopedic knowledge.

The case teaching of clinic teaching helps students to understand the development of legal principles and cultivate their legal thinking. In the United States, there are generally two methods of clinic law teaching. One is a simulated clinic. Under the supervision and guidance of full-time teachers, students simulate various roles of cases and experience the whole process of legal case handling, including providing legal advice, writing legal documents and filing lawsuits. One is real clinic teaching. Under the guidance of teachers, students can deal with legal issues in a real way and develop their legal practice skills through specific exercises.

A legal person who values ethical excellence is not only a successful technician, but also a person who is full of wisdom, which transcends legal knowledge and skills, but whose professional ideas are based on moral ideals. Only in this way, can we be respected, can we recognize the meaning of the intrinsic value of the activities, and can we get more happiness in the legal professional activities. The so-called wisdom or professional concept based on ideal is legal professional ethics. American legal education attaches great importance to the cultivation of legal professional ethics. The American bar association designated in all courts of law, ethics courses, requires that all students receive the history of the legal profession and its members, objectives, structure, obligations, the values of education, including the journal of the American bar association rules of professional conduct "education, and law school in teacher selection scope, including members of the court and lawyers association. From the perspective of practice, the legal professional ethics education in the United States has reached a relatively mature state, and each law school has formed its own distinctive curriculum design scheme. These programs include the integrated teaching curriculum, individual curriculum, clinic teaching, simulation practice teaching and so on. In order to give students a real understanding of legal ethics, case teaching method, question-oriented teaching method, Socratic teaching method, video display, cooperative course, expert collaboration, discussion and teaching and other methods are adopted for comprehensive development.

Traditional law school programs with joint degrees focus more on law courses. It trains students to master more legal skills than other behavioral or social science abilities. In order to strengthen the integration of disciplines and enable graduates to have more abilities at different levels, the American bar association has approved the establishment of joint double degree in law schools. In this regard, law schools in the United States are also very willing and active in cooperating with other schools and departments in the university to promote the joint dual degree program. The most common and popular degree to date is the joint degree in law and business administration, but there are also joint degrees in law and other disciplines.

The American bar association states that law schools in the United States are obligated to provide public services to society. In 2012, the New York state bar association even stipulated that from 2015, law graduates must complete 50 hours of legal services before being admitted to the bar. Since then, law schools have followed suit, developing their own standards of legal public service and curriculum. As defined by Columbia law school, 40 hours of legal public service is a compulsory law course. In terms of curriculum system, in addition to special lectures and community services, students can also participate in the legal aid projects set up by the public welfare law center established by the college. In order to ensure the quality of legal public service, American law schools impose strict qualification restrictions on students engaged in legal public service in terms of professional skills, professional skills and working hours. Second, see strict legal public service training; Thirdly, sufficient working time and continuity of work can be ensured.

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Dissertation的参考文献解析

留学生在写作Dissertation的时候，需要引用大量的参考文献，所以参考文献对Dissertation的写作非常重要。一旦参考文献没有引用或者格式错误的话，后果是非常严重的，甚至会影响到毕业。下面就给大家讲解一下Dissertation的参考文献。

一、参考文献的重要性

在撰写Dissertation时，我们在文中都要提及他人的研究成果或某人的观点，这个过程通常被称为引用或参考。对于留学生来说，一篇Dissertation的内容需要包括留学期间所有学科的主要知识点，甚至会引用一些学术比较深的相关专业的作者文献，从中提取对文章最有论证的内容做参考说明。因为这样，导师能够发现文章到底是研究并解决什么问题？哪些问题虽然重要但目前仍解决不了的？可能的前景是什么等等，从而从侧面说明学生是站在一个什么样的高度，以什么为参照对象做研究方向的。这恰恰可以考察学生对大量参考文献的理解之后是否有一个比较敏锐的总结能力。

二、文献处理技巧

经过几十年的发展，哈佛体系已成为一种国际性的学术规范，因为它具备了灵活、简洁和清楚的一种国际性的论文写作规范。哈佛注释体系(Harvard System)，也叫“作者-日期法”(Author-date method)。据哈佛体系，每一个引文，无论直接还是间接，都应分别在两处注明：在文中引用处注明；在全书或全文最后的参考书目处注明。如简单的介绍几种注释规范做一些介绍：

1.在文中引用处的注释规范

当作者姓名在句子中自然出现时，给出作者姓和出版年份，将出版年份放在小括号内，如：In a recent study Harvey (1993) argued that …；当作者姓名不在句子中自然出现时，姓和出版年份都放在括号中。如果在文中直接引用其他作者原话且引文不超过两行刚直接插入文本中，也可以用单引号也可用双引号，只要全文一致即可。还要在恰当的位置给出作者姓和出版年份以及页码。

2.在文后参考书目处的注释规范

所有参考书目以作者姓名的字母顺序排列，一个作者有多本著作时，则按年份先后排列顺序，一个作者一年内有多本著作出版或论文发表，在年份后按月份先后加小写字母加以区别，这样做的好处是：只有一个按字母顺序排列的参考书目，便于老师查阅。

以上就是关于Dissertation的参考文献讲解，建议大家在检查的时候，重点看一下参考文献部分，保证不出错。

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Paper代写：Portfolio analysis

本篇paper代写- Portfolio analysis讨论了证券投资分析。证券投资分析指的是评估证券所包含的价值。股票和债券的投资价值与其内在价值有很大关联，但是股票价值的评估要稍微复杂一些。这是发行机构和股票市场共同作用的结果。一般情况下有三种方法進行证券投资：演化分析法、基本分析法和技术分析法，其中在价值的判断和选择上基本分析有重要作用，而对于具体投资操作的时间和空间判断技术分析和演化分析则作用突出。它们之间既有联系又有区别。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Security investment analysis refers to the evaluation of the value of securities. The value of stocks and bonds is closely related to their intrinsic value, but the value of stocks is a little more complicated. This is the result of the joint action of the issuing agency and the stock market. Generally, there are three methods for securities investment: evolutionary analysis method, basic analysis method and technical analysis method. Among them, basic analysis plays an important role in value judgment and selection, while technical analysis and evolutionary analysis of time and space judgment play a prominent role in specific investment operation. There are connections and differences between them. The correlation is that technical analysis can be used more effectively with the support of basic analysis, and to improve the sustainability of technical analysis and basic analysis needs to be put into the framework of evolutionary analysis. The important difference is that the technical analysis school believes that the trend of stock price has included all the useful information and the market is always right. Fundamental analysts are more trusting of their own judgment. The school of evolutionary analysis holds that the rights and wrongs of the market and investors are complex and constantly evolving, which cannot be accurately measured, and that "everything is based on the premise of the market environment" is its basic idea. The results of financial analysis are the quantified results of the company's operating results, operating status, and investment value, which directly and clearly reveal the company's operating status and investment value.

In the process of application of financial analysis in securities analysis, it is mainly financial ratio analysis. Financial ratio is the ratio obtained by dividing two related data based on the data of financial statements. It is mainly divided into four parts, namely: profitability analysis, solvency analysis, operating capacity analysis and comprehensive analysis. The results of financial analysis in securities analysis can play a guiding role for investors and lay a foundation for their next investment.

Financial analysis is widely used in bonds. By using financial analysis, investors can correctly evaluate the value of bond bonds, improve the scientificity of bond investment, correctly select investment objects and estimate investment returns. In the current financial market, there are a lot of financial products to choose from, which investment will become the top priority.

Corporate bonds are the bonds issued by the company. There are many corporate bonds, ranging from short one year to eight or even ten years. We should be cautious about the time, issuing company and interest rate when investing. When choosing corporate bonds, we should have some in-depth understanding of the company's situation. Before investment, we should make a systematic evaluation of the company's statements to determine the overall financial "health" of the company.

Financial analysis has not been used in investment for a long time in China. Although China's financial analysis has long existed, it has not been put into practice. Therefore, there are some limitations and inadaptability in the development and positioning of financial analysis in securities analysis.

Information asymmetry is a common phenomenon in financial analysis. The reason is to gain more profits and better conditions. The report data in the application of financial analysis is the foundation of the foundation, a data change can affect investors or regulators to enterprise's investment value of the enterprise operating level of judgment, sometimes enterprises in order to successfully avoid verification and attract investors to invest in its may change some of the balance sheet or income statement data in order to achieve the purpose of optimal ratio can be calculated. This leads to the distortion of the statements, which can be attributed to two reasons: one is the policy reason, and the other is the enterprise reason. Policy reason mainly is the watchdog in review or inspection company too dependent on indicators, even at the time of tasks to businesses will be on the basis of index, coupled with weak supervision will naturally let companies tamper with the numerical motive and opportunity, and the cause of the enterprise can be roughly divided into four kinds, one is the enterprise operators hope to gain greater profits so rely on information superiority and institutional defects seek to maximize the interests of the individual; Second, the hard and fast conditions for obtaining bank loans are not met to make false statements; Third, in order to get more investment, through false statements or false subjects in order to achieve the purpose of more beautiful indicators can be calculated; Fourth, enterprises want to adjust the distribution of tax amount and time to pursue more favorable tax plan. However, some limitations of financial analysis itself, such as internal limitations, external limitations, few follow-up studies and single research methods, are also objective problems in China's financial analysis. These limitations limit the development of financial analysis in China, that is, the application of financial analysis in securities analysis is limited, and the application of financial analysis in securities is also limited the profitability of investors. Therefore, when using financial analysis in securities analysis, we should clearly understand these limitations so as to avoid them in the process of securities analysis.

The internal limitations are mainly reflected in the fact that they are not rooted in economics and other subjects and do not draw on the excellent principles of other subjects. The essence of financial analysis is the link between information supply and demand. Financial analysis itself is a marginal discipline related to the above disciplines. Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider its positioning and relevance with other disciplines in the research, so as to make the financial analysis more three-dimensional and thorough. But our country in this do not much, so cause our country financial analysis breadth is insufficient, in the process of securities investment will cause the analysis of narrow. Some factors may be unclear. Investors should face up to this problem and avoid it in practice.

Another limitation of financial analysis is also reflected in the inadequacy of subsequent studies. Research should gradually deepen the understanding of financial analysis, which is a process of gradual evolution. However, the research on financial analysis in China is extremely lack of continuity, and there are almost no different views because of financial academic problems, and no valuable research points have been found in previous literatures. Therefore, the research on financial analysis in China is in the state of self-talk. Therefore, in the process of securities investment, there will be some deviations and inadequate principles. Investors should prudently deal with these deviations and theoretical deficiencies.

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Essay代写：The function of English craft guilds in city administration

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The function of English craft guilds in city administration，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国手工业行会在城市管理中的职能。英国是西方封建商业社会最具代表性的国家，商业、手工业起步最早，发展最快，其中许多制度彰显着鲜明的时代特征，行会制度就是其中之一。手工业行会在城市管理中的经济职能大体上可分为两大部分，即充当各级封建政府的征敛工具和管理城市工商业活动。而对城市工商业的管理，主要体现在对商品价格、加工费和工资报酬的严格监督上。

The congress is a closed organization with feudal privileges, whose feudal privileges are mainly manifested in monopolizing the right of employment externally and implementing the supereconomic mandatory management and supervision internally. Although the influence of guilds on the economic life of the city cannot be underestimated, there is no such organization as the guilds association that can control the industrial and commercial activities of the city. Each guild organization was granted distinct privileges, and its powers were strictly limited to the economic sphere concerned and to the members of the guild, which did not interfere in each other's internal affairs. In carrying out the religious, administrative and political functions of the guild, the beneficiaries and the punishers are essentially members of the guild.

The guilds in western European countries changed their organizational forms with the continuous improvement of productivity, which roughly experienced three stages: merchant guilds, handicraft guilds and guilds. However, the handicraft guild was the most representative form of guilds in the feudal era in Western Europe, which had distinct characteristics in the feudal economic history of the west. Therefore, this paper chose the British handicraft guilds as the object of study.

The economic functions of handicraft guilds could be divided into two parts: they served as the collection tool of feudal governments at all levels and managed urban industrial and commercial activities. As for the former function, generally speaking, after the establishment of handicraft guilds, in fact, they have become the representatives of the city businessmen. On the other hand, the feudal government at various levels will craft guild as a tool to control urban businessmen, if necessary they will not direct contact with the businessmen, the rubber hand craft guild to handle specific affairs, so city industrial and commercial operators of various feudal burden reached basically don't pay it directly to the feudal lords at all levels, but by the craft guild first episode, and turned over. In other words, the craft guilds paid most of their members' taxes, a practice that benefited both parties in the same way that feudal lords granted exemptions from commodity taxes to merchant guilds. In the 12th century, weavers' guilds in London, Lincoln, Oxford, york, Winchester, huntingdon, Nottingham and Winchester bleachers' guilds were given the privilege of contracting their own taxes. Under Henry ii, the London weavers' guild had to pay 2 marks of gold a year to the state workers as the price of contracting taxes and other privileges. This was not confined to the craft guilds of the woollen textile industry. In the same period, the baker's guilds of London paid the king 6 a year in association, in lieu of the product tax they were supposed to pay. Although the names are different, the substance is undoubtedly the same.

The handicraft guild's management of urban industry and commerce is mainly reflected in the strict supervision of commodity prices, processing fees and wages. In 1452, the regulations of the London shears' guild made it a charge of two pence a yard for the processing of scarlet and other woodgrain woolens. The stuff, folded up in genoese fashion, costs two pence a yard; Twelve stryghts, folded in Venetian style, cost eight pence a yard. In york, the bowmen's guild used the hourly wage and piecework wage to determine the amount of payment, and the piecework wage worker could get 16 pence for every 100 bows processed. The helper was paid by the hour; the guild provided him with one penny a week for half the year, and eight pence a week for the other half. Similar rules have been found in London's weavers' guilds, Bristol's bleaches' guilds, coventry's harlequins' guilds, leicester's weavers' guilds and London's blacksmiths 'guilds. Thus it can be seen that in many places the decision on the income of the businessman is basically in the hands of the craft guild. As wages and remuneration are one of the important factors affecting commodity prices, the strict regulations of handicraft guild in this aspect can not only make craftsmen in the same industry and at the same level in general, but also control commodity prices to a large extent. It also shows that there is indeed a uniform price standard within some craft guilds and that the deacons' right to Sue forces their members to maintain their own prices at a level acceptable to the craft guilds.

Modern researchers generally believe that handicraft guilds are an economic organization first and a social religious organization second, but on the surface, handicraft guilds often put religious obligations in the first place. One of the first ACTS of the establishment of any industrial guild was to select a patron saint and decide which of the churches to place candles in front of, for example, the lady of the church of saints in London. Many craft guilds came into being through the association of religious fraternities. The law of york silk was based on a license granted in 1357 to silk merchants, woolen merchants, underwear merchants and dyers to establish fraternities for religious and social purposes. However, this common religious belief is often only a superficial phenomenon, behind which there must be deep economic reasons.

Though craft guild has adopted a series of effective measures, in order to ensure the small and small businessman the basic living and production conditions, but it doesn't make its members to completely avoid all kinds of unexpected events, especially those from outside areas of the economy, therefore the craft guild have adopted some corresponding measures to help those less fortunate. The carpenter's guild of London set up a reserve fund in 1333, stating: "if any brother or sister should be impoverished by the will of god or by disease... From the third week after his illness, he will receive fourteen pence a week from the brotherhood before he is out of the woods. The London shoemaker's guild also stipulates that after the death of the patron, "if the wife is a decent woman, and she does not marry, she will also receive 7 pence a week."

As for the judicial function of handicraft guilds, the academic circles have different opinions. Some scholars tend to deny that handicraft guilds have real judicial power. They think that handicraft guilds only have the police function, that is, only have the power to bring the delinquent to the city law enforcement. This kind of opinion is one-sided, and the absence of jurisdiction does not mean the complete loss of judicial functions. The mediation right, which is not to arbitrate the disputes between its members through legal procedures, is one of the important contents of judicial power. Moreover, there is strong evidence of the existence of an independent guild court with some competence in the older craft guilds, especially in the wool textile guilds. Weave artisan guild guild London court hearing every Thursday, the court presided over by the four executive collectors, who are elected by members of the bank will, and has won the acceptance of the mayor, in addition to a court clerk assists the trial work, a bailiff summoned for sinners to appear in court, both received every year from the court fined after withdraw half a mark. At the request of an executor, any member of the board indicted in a city court may be transferred to the board court for trial; if two executors make a joint motion, they shall have the right to bring those weavers who are prosecuted even by members of the non-handicraft guilds to the guilds court for trial. In addition, the law at that time also clearly stipulated that the jurisdiction of the guild court should not exceed the scope of "debts, covenants, agreements and proceedings for minor violations", and should not impose fines on non-members of the guild.

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