動作研究第一人者ギルブレスがレミントン陣営に。コンテスト教授法で優位に∧オルタナティヴの芽も摘む

当代一の動作研究者ギルブレスがレミントン配列の後ろ盾に就いた。で、コンテスト・教授法で一歩先マージンを得る。同時にオルタナティヴの芽も摘む。
動作研究第一人者ギルブレスがレミントン配列の後ろ盾に。コンテスト教授法で優位に∧オルタナティヴの芽も摘む
動作研究第一人者ギルブレスがレミントン陣営に。コンテスト教授法で優位に∧オルタナティヴの芽も摘む

http://blog.goo.ne.jp/raycy/e/f8b390bcee194666500f547e299e0fae
1914-1936年、タッチタイプ用キーボードの配列としてQWERTYかDvorakか？

1914-1936年、タッチタイプ用キーボードの配列としてQWERTYかDvorakか？

ギルブレスは、1915-1916年、レミントンに雇われタイピングの動作分析をおこなった。指導法・高速運指法を観察研究したようだ。
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/raycy/e/ef7b43833e369907083793cb1330d523
ギルブレスQWERTY手動タイプライターの打鍵疲労を指摘。豪州ポスト誌1953の史料批判

指導法については、「一ダースなら安くなる」
http://raycy.seesaa.net/article/57998163.html
一ダースなら安くなる フランク・バンカー,Jr. ギルブレス、アーネスティン ギルブレス・ケアリー

にも、キー配列の図の暗記から入る場面がある。さらに、キートップに刻印のない、ホワイトタイプライターを使い、原稿から目を離さずに打鍵するように指導する。
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/raycy/e/d6ae38f94fd0d44d0b40ee3da3fd355b
"Cheaper by the Dozen" white typewriter

高速運指訓練は、門下生？のコンテスト優勝として結実したのだろう。

-------------------------------------------------

同時に、タイプでの疲労・傷害についても一家言持った。QWERTY配列のせいだ、もっとましに出来るはずだ、と。
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/raycy/e/583aa8450669ea50fa5ad8a5cf60bede
In "Touch" With the Past｜Frank Gilbreth proposed

キー配列についても、記述しているようだ。
「スペースキーを真ん中に」ってのがあるらしい。他のキーについても、記述があるのだろうか？

手動機械式タッチタイプ用のキーボードとして、QWERTYだと、指の役割分担の割付で、疲労や傷害が起こりやすいと感じた。とされる。（具体的には、どこに記載があるのだろうか。）

1916年Dealey　は　マイクロモーションの教育への応用の書籍を書いたようだ。
Micromotion Studies Applied to Education by A.A. Douglas and W.L. Dealey, 1916
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/raycy/e/350035186c367ab311dfa2a8dfaa7815
Remington gilbreth QWERTY　Lillian Gilbreth　Dvorak

DealeyはGilbrethの弟子なのだろうか？

1918年　Dealeyは　Gilbrethの疲労研究　の書評を書いているようだ。
Fatigue Study. by F. B. Gilbreth, L. M. Gilbreth
Author(s) of Review: William L. Dealey
The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Sep., 1918), p. 225

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Dealeyのキーボード研究は1914年ごろからで、足掛け20年ほどともある。
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/raycy/e/1480df399f3cf47b198294cf7ca9a52a
Gilbreth　Dealey　Dvorak
きっかけとなったのは、１９１４年ごろに見たGirbrethが撮ったタイプライター打鍵のスローモーションフィルムともある。以下のようなものが、他にもあるのかな？
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/raycy/e/6f5b08964c11405368b638ab499453de
Original Films Of Frank B Gilbreth

Dealey、Dvorakらは研究開発した。
1914年（-1936年）の手動機械式タイプライター事情の中で
タッチタイプ用キーボードの配列としてQWERTYでいいのか、それとも　オルタナティヴ　Dvorakか？

-----------------------------------
ギルブレス自身は、QWERTYのオルタナティヴには、直接には手が出せなかったのではないか？立場上。レミントンに雇われた者として。

weak finger

weak finger
weak finger raycy

http://blog.goo.ne.jp/raycy/e/0ac911aeb6aa14637c3f069d91c59c47
Hand-rolling movements or “combos”

The following additional principles are also espoused often by layout designers today
(Capewell, Coleman, Hallingstad, Piepgrass 06):
• The pinky, being much shorter and weaker than other fingers, should rarely be required to reach anywhere.

"Why QWERTY, And What's Better?"
"Why QWERTY, And What's Better?" -raycy

assigned operation to the weakest of human fingers

assigned their operation to the weakest of human fingers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mets501/Archive_2#Dvorak_Simplified_Keyboard
27 Dvorak Simplified Keyboard

Dvorak Simplified Keyboard

I sincerely thank you for cleaning up my edits to "Dvorak Simplified Keyboard".

While I take issue with the user who argues that the QWERTY layout was not designed to slow the rate of typing, my primary purpose was to help generate awareness of the classic Dvorak layout.

I have collected a few dozen articles and manufacturer advertisements on the Dvorak layout, some of which originated with organizations which now are defunct. Perhaps you would be interested in a brief sampling of the material:

A "Dvorak Keyboard -- Fact Sheet" distributed by Dvorak International Federation, Brandon, Vermont, declares regarding the QWERTY layout, "Its design was intended to slow down typists so keys would not jam on the crude early machines." In the same article is the statement, "Directory assistance operators (555-1212) in most major cities use Dvorak keyboards."

In the January 24, 1984 issue of PC Magazine is an article, "Qwerty's Ignoble Birth", in which the author unequivocally takes the position that the QWERTY layout was designed to handicap the typist and thus slow the rate of typing.

An article by Robert Schadewald in the December/January 1983 issue of Technology Illustrated titled "The Literary Piano" describes the "type-writer" (as it first was called) of Sholes and Glidden, which was marketed as the "Remington Model 1". The article states: "The Sholes and Glidden Type-Writer had no original features, its principal designer [Christopher Latham Sholes, a customs collector for the Port of Milwaukee and a former printer] considered it a failure, and Remington [Remington Firearms Company] had to be paid to produce it. But as the first typewriter marketed on a large scale, it made people conscious of typewriting, and it suggested that great financial rewards awaited the inventor of a better machine." The same article describes the key jamming problem; it states: "The striking action was sluggish, and the keys jammed if one hadn't recoiled before the next was hit. To minimize this problem, Sholes arranged the circle of typebars so that the letters commonly used in succession were as far apart as possible, and this partially dictated the inefficient "qwerty" keyboard layout that (unfortunately) we still use today."

An article, "An incredible legacy", in the May 24, 1979 issue of Electronic Design, states: "In his original Type-Writing Machine of 1872, Sholes relied on gravity alone to return the embossed letter-blanks to their home positions. The keys were suspended in a circular nest of wires beneath the platten, and too fast an operating speed invariable caused them to jam up. To solve the problem, a colleague asked his son-in-law, a Pennsylvania school superintendent, to isolate the most-often-used letter combinations in the English language. Sholes then located the combinations as far apart from each other on the keyboard as possible, and assigned their operation to the weakest of human fingers. Success! The Type-Writing Machine operator was compelled to slow down to the primitive machine's pace; key jam-ups were effectively designed out, and Sholes went on to obtain his patent. (It is interesting to note that 52% of all [the] English language is typed on the top row of letter-keys, and the top row (except for an extra Q, U and O) is extracted from none other than the word "typewriter")." Regarding the Dvorak layout, the same article states: "It was the result of a decade of physiological/language research, 250 design iterations and two sizable grants from the Carnegie foundation." Also: "Shole's legacy would have a full-time typist move his or her fingers as many as 20 miles during an eight-hour shift, but Dvorak reduces that to just one mile."

I do not plan to press the matter of the QWERTY layout as a purposeful handicap. But, should you care to add any of this material to the Wikipedia page, please note that, while perhaps there are typogaphical errors of which I am unaware, in transcribing the material I have been careful to maintain the wording, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation of the original articles, even in instances in which these items are questionable. However, please note that words in square brackets ([like this]) have been added by me.

Beaniecopter

Beaniecopter 04:13, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

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