SCI英文论文写作解析

SCI英文论文一直都是中国留学生心中的一根刺，首先你想要完成它，必须要有很高的专业英语水平，然后还要投稿到相应的权威期刊机构，既然是权威机构，那么高的拒绝率想必大家也是有所耳闻。针对这种情况，大家可以先提高英文的阅读与写作能力。如果想要自己的论文被接受，那么论文的质量自然是期刊机构最看重的，其次还有格式、结构、使用语言规范性等等都有很高的要求。下面就给大家讲解一下SCI英文论文写作。

一、SCI英文论文写作

对于创新来说，方法就是新的世界，最重要的不是知识，而是思路。正因为写作更需要思路的指导。

优秀论文的要素：

1.正确选题;

2.合适的切入点;

3.简洁明了;

4.说清自己的贡献;

5.可靠的/可重现的结果;

6.可重复的过程;

7.好的文章结构和逻辑流程;

8.精选的参考文献。

优秀论文的误区：

1.Idea越多越好;

2.一味追求革命性的，突破性的成果;

3.数学、理论和公式越复杂越好--显示自己的聪明;

4.追求最好，史无前例;

5.显示权威性，引文中大量引用自己的论文。

写文章的条件：

1.与研究工作相关，确实有了好的想法，不是为了写而写;

2.取得了有价值的成果，对学术界有贡献;

3.实验成熟，经得起检验;

4.已经需要记录下来和其他人分享。

写论文的要点：

1.写出3~4层的纲要反复修改多次;

2.从Introduction开写，回顾已有的工作;

3.要声明文章结构，不要直接进入细节;

4.声明工作的动机和基本原理，提出潜在的问题，自己进行回答;

5.讲明自己工作与前人的不同，说明自己的贡献及其实际应用前景;

6.最后写Summary和Abstract，反复斟酌后确定标题。

Reviewer Check List：

1.论文是否提出了一个新的问题或者给出了已有问题的一个新的解决方案

2.论文的主要结果是什么

3.实验结果是否充分

4.论文技术含量如何

5.论文是否对所提出的技术/结果的有效性和局限性进行了评价

6.论文写作是否清晰，从而令本行业内多数研究人员可读

7.论文是否适当地引用和介绍了与之相关的历史文献

8.论文是否应该给予嘉奖

IEEE Transactions on CSVT Review form:

1.在多大的程度上满足本期刊读者的兴趣

2.论文所使用的方法的评价

3.结果是否具有新颖性

4.主要结果是否正确

5.论述是否清晰

6.是否具有一致性

7.引文是否充足

如果你运用并掌握写作医学SCI英文论文的新技巧，更应该朝新的道路前进，新路可以创造，旧路却是可以毁坏的，所以不要跟随被踩烂了的成功之路。做自己的特色，SCI论文才会属于你。

二、提高英文的阅读与写作能力

1.要写好科研论文，必须先养成读英文文章的习惯，争取每天30-60分钟。

2.写科研论文，最重要的是逻辑。

逻辑的形成来自对实验数据的总体分析。必须先讨论出一套清晰的思路，然后按照思路来做图(Figures)，最后才能执笔。

3.具体写作时，先按照思路写一个以subheading为主的框架，然后开始具体写作。

第一稿，切忌追求每一句话的完美，更不要追求词语的华丽，而主要留心逻辑，注意前后句的逻辑关系、相邻两段的逻辑关系。写作时，全力以赴，尽可能不受外界事情干扰，争取在最短时间内拿出第一稿。还要注意：一句话不可太长。

4.学会照葫芦画瓢。

没有人天生会写优秀的科研论文，都是从别人那里学来的。学习别人的文章要注意专业领域的不同，有些领域有它内在的写作规律。

科研文章里的一些话是定式，比如

“To investigate the mechanism of …, we performed …”,

“These results support the former, but not the latter, hypothesis …”,

“Despite recent progress, how…remains to be elucidated…”等等。

用两次以后，就逐渐学会灵活运用了。在向别人学习时，切忌抄袭。

在美国一些机构，连续7个英文单词在一起和别人的完全一样，原则上就被认为抄袭。

5.第一稿写完后，给自己不要超过一天的休息时间，开始修改第二稿。

修改时，还是以逻辑为主，但对每一句话都要推敲一下，对abstract和正文中的关键语句要字斟句酌。学会用“Thesaurus”(同义词替换)以避免过多重复。第二稿的修改极为关键，再往后就不会大改了。

6.第二稿以后的修改，主要注重具体的字句，不会改变整体逻辑了。

投稿前，一定要整体读一遍，对个别词句略作改动。记住：学术期刊一般不会因为具体的语法错误拒绝一篇文章，但一定会因为逻辑混乱而拒绝一篇文章。

成功发表SCI论文是每个科研工作者期待实现的理想。然而，我们要明确写论文的目的，是为了学术科研交流。不是为了论文而写论文。只有认真对待，把英文写作水平提高才会更好的展现我们的学术科研。

以上就是51Due给大家讲解的SCI英文论文写作技巧，同学们记得要提高英文的阅读与写作能力。

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更多关于代写的内容，点开主页栏目，即可快速获取代写相关资讯，如果各位有美国作业代写需求，可以咨询24小时客服QQ：800020041，为您详细解答。

Paper代写：Divorce Counseling

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Divorce Counseling，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了离婚咨询。主流社会普遍认为离婚是人生中痛苦、压力和困惑的阶段。正在经历离婚的人可能会受到深远的影响，从而导致更严重、更持久的心理健康问题。这使得有必要进行干预。离婚咨询可以为离婚者提供与该领域专家的咨询会议。在简短的会议中，会播放一段视频给与会者，帮助他们度过人生的这段艰难时期。此外，离婚咨询也为这些离异家庭的孩子提供了一个游乐场和安全的环境，为他们提供游戏、音乐和活动。虽然这不是咨询的主要焦点，但它确实增加了离异父母参与的动机。

According to Divorce Care, an organization dedicated to providing counseling sessions for divorced people, divorce is commonly perceived by the mainstream as a painful, stressful and confusing phase of life (Divorce Care, 2017). People who are going through a divorce may be influenced in profound ways that would cause more serious and lasting mental health issues. This makes it necessary for intervention, or at least company. Divorce Care provides its members counseling sessions with the experts in the field. During the short meeting, a video is played to the group of participants, to help guide them through this difficult period of life. It turns out that a support group with a specific focus can be very effective in diverting the attention of the participants into things more constructive to their future lives. What people need the most from these counseling activities may not be expert opinions, but simply some company from people who are suffering from the same experience as they are. A mental preparation from Divorce Care for the potential participants is also found in prominent positions on their webpage. This preparation deals with the nervousness and doubt in people’s mind on whether they should participate or not. The benefits of the meeting are introduced, including the acquiring of helpful information to recover from a divorce, the opportunity to talk to real listeners, and the sense of belonging to a larger crowd. Moreover, Divorce Care also provides the children from these divorced families a playground and safe environment to play in, with games, music, and activities organized for them. Although this is not the main focus of the counseling, it does add to the incentive for divorced parents to participate.

The “Healing” section on the Divorce Care webpage (2017) discusses the process of recover from a divorce more specifically. Several important aspects of healing are addressed, including a support team, daily encouragement, foundation for healing session, personal study, and a bookstore. The major purpose of a support team and daily email encouragement is to reestablish connection with the society. Main married people become rather “institutionalized” to married life, and a sudden change through divorce may completely drive them out of their comfort zone. Therefore, support and prevention against negative feelings are important. The most effective way to do so is by reestablishing previous social connections, and new ones, to fill in the blank created by the divorce. Diversion of attention is another effective measure of divorce intervention. This is done by personal study and reorientation of focus on other aspects of life. While different people may have different ways to relax the mind from pressure, the reading and exercises provided by Divorce Care may be an effect approach for some. Other diversions include the shift of attention on the career, adopting a pet, more investment on the children, etc. Most of the divorced adults should be perfectly capable for finding the most suitable distractions on their own. The highly personalized nature of effective distractions may diminish the need for external intervention, but Divorce Care does provide the right directions by outlining the healing process.

A list of seminar topics is provided by Divorce Care, which gives people a change to look into what a real counseling session may feel like. The seminar begins with the question of “What is happening to me (Divorce Care, 2017)?” This helps the participants to identify the nature of this obstacle in their lives. The next steps require the participants to directly face their anger, depression, and loneliness. This may be a step to mitigate the fact that many people choose to be in denial of the reality as a form of self-protection. Their inability to feel the pain would only drive them further into depression and isolation. Therefore, they need to summon the courage to confront the negative emotions before overcoming them. The next part comes back to the realistic difficulties caused by the divorce, including the financial struggles, caring for the children and the possibility of new relationships. Financial stability and the ability to make the children feel secure (if there are any children) are the fundamental steps before moving on. The fact that participants are sitting alongside a group of people struggling over the same issues may be a reinforcement for their confidence in solving the problems. The discussion of the most prioritized issues in life serves as a reminder for their responsibilities both for themselves and for their kids. This responsibility becomes the major source of motivation for them to recover and reconstruct their lives. Finally, the seminar closes with emotional topics about forgiveness, reconciliation and moving on (Divorce Care, 2017). It is observed that religion may play an active part in this part, where the discussion is integrated with teachings from the Bible to increase its effectiveness. This pattern of group seminar provides insight for both organizations and individuals who are concerned with divorce intervention.

Divorce counseling for adults and for kids are entirely different. It is only until recent years that the psychological effects of divorce on children are examined. There are emerging organizations that specialize on helping children to get through their parents’ divorce. Divorce Care for Kids (DC4K) is one of them. Different from adults, children are more sensitive to divorce in their family, but they are also less communicative about the issue than the adults. The voice of children during a divorce is usually deprived by the adults, who claim that they are too young to even be a part of the discussion. However, they have overlooked the fact that long-term negative emotions and antagonism in the family influence the children even more than the adults. According to the DC4K website, typical emotions demonstrated by children before, during, and after their parents’ divorce may include being “angry, hurt and confused (DC4K, 2017).” Both short-term and long-term support is then needed for children to properly cope with the divorce. Otherwise, a single event of divorce may turn into a traumatizing incident for children and influence their entire lives in a negative way. DC4K thus provides the opportunity for children from divorced families to gather weekly and get the negative emotions out of their system. Interestingly, the facilities of DC4K is specifically designed for children, while there is a “Parent Zone” to provide parenting advices for single parents as well. Compared with Divorce Care, this shift of focus may increase the diverse needs of different types of families with children. While some parents feel more devastated over the divorce, children tend to be hurt much more in other cases. A selection is then necessary for parents to determine the type of counseling organizations to visit.

Before parents enrolled their children into the DC4K programs, an assessment is required to make sure the children truly need help. Unlike Divorce Care, DC4K does not claims to work directly on children and restore positivity in them. Instead, they promise only to establish a better connection and communication path between parents and children. Different from the adulating counseling analyzed above, the style of child counseling is mostly light-hearted and fun, filled with “games, crafts, role playing, discussion times, journaling, and activity books (DC4K, 2017).” These activities aim to create a safe and worry-free environment, where children are able to lower down their defense, make new friends, and connect with their parents. A “DC4K family” is what they call the counseling groups. The concept of DC4K leaders is also applied. This differs from the experts and psychologists used in adult counseling. Instead, the DC4K leader may not be professional counselors, but people who have a profound understanding of the children’s mind activities. For example, one of the DC4K leaders is from a divorced family himself. This experience enables him to better comprehend and connect with the children, and help them open up during the seminars. Through activities including viewing, expressing, listening, playing, connecting, reading, eating, laughing, journaling, singing and sketching, a wider variety of activities are provided for children compared to adults. Although understanding the divorce is an important theme linking all the activities together, this theme is presented in the least depressing way possible.

The specific content of the discussion session is probably the essence of divorce counseling for children. Similarly, a series of questions are proposed by the host. The introductory question is: “What is happening to my family.” This identification again better helps the children to understand the true nature and source of their pain, anger and fear caused by the divorce. It is interesting to see religion play a more dominant role in children counseling, as the discussion related to God occurs much more frequently. Both “God loves children in all kinds of families” and “Growing up and closer to God” are argument and reasoning based on the belief in God. The seminar then deals with the elimination of negative feelings, this is done in three ways. The first way to get rid of negative emotions for children is through self-encouragement and adjustment. Switching from anger and sadness to peace may be a very complicated problem, and it is doubtful whether children nowadays are religious enough to fully accept the God argument. Other more practical methods include more communication with the parents and developing new relationships and finding new company. It is common for a sense of guilt to be generated in the children during their parents’ divorce, and the final way to eliminate negative emotions is by simply installing positive thinking and emotions into them, including the belief that “I am not alone”, “It’s not my fault” and “loving my parents (DC4K, 2017).”

The previous organizations both have an emphasis on religion and belief in God, which can be a major limitation for a more culturally diverse community. For non-religious people, there are also websites that provide self-help programs and instructions to help their children through a divorce. On the website for Kids Health, a section is designed for such purposes specifically. A comprehensive list of articles offers divorced parents step-by-step advice to help minimize the negative impact of divorce on their children (Kids Health, 2017). From breaking the news to the kids, to the adjustment to a new situation of living, this website seems to be a more practical solution to parents who prefer to solve the problem on their own. Indeed, the behaviors of adults is the most influential factor for children. Although being divorced, parents are able to minimize the negative influence on their children to be nearly zero if they handle the problems maturely. The close bond and continuous communication with the children is the key, and parents must also prevent bringing their own feelings into the issues of childcare and visitation. There are organizations who have addressed the psychological needs of children for both of the parents after the divorcing, by offering child access and visitations services within and across counties (Department of Human Services, 2017). This different but more practical approach may prove to be just as effective as counseling.

References

DC4K. (2017). Help your children heal from the pain of divorce. Retrieved from: https://www.dc4k.org/about

Department of Human Services. (2017). Child Access & Visitation. Retrieved from: https://childsupport.georgia.gov/child-access-visitation

Divorce Care. (2017). A List of Potential Seminar Topics in Divorce Intervention. Retrieved from: https://www.divorcecare.org/about/topics

Divorce Care. (2017). Healing from your divorce is not easy. It’s a long, sometimes painful process. Retrieved from: https://www.divorcecare.org/healing

Divorce Care. (2017). You don’t have to go through it alone. Retrieved from: https://www.divorcecare.org/about

Kids Health. (2017). Helping Your Child Through a Divorce. Retrieved from: http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/help-child-divorce.html

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51due为留学生提供最好的paper代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多paper代写范文 提供作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

essay写作该如何确定主题

对于essay写作来说，主题是非常重要的。一般在写作之前，我们就得确定essay的主题，这样才能有一个写作的方向。当然，最好选择一个比较新颖的主题，这样才能吸引别人，从而有机会获得高分。下面就给大家讲解一下essay写作该如何确定主题。

进入对话 Entering the Conversation

首先，其实essay写作对大家而言并不是一件难事。而是同学们留学生涯的一次挑战。你的知识和你掌握的写作技巧就是你的武器，想要打败它们，就得靠你对于两者有效的结合，完成一篇优秀的essay。

你可以这么做：

想象身为菜鸟的你正在和一些高手就你选择的论题辩论。你要参与讨论，还想说服他们。那你必须扯虎皮做大旗，还得有理有据，好夹带私货。

不知道怎么下笔的话，那就先搜集别人的论点，然而在分析和判断每个论点是否合理。在这个过程中找到并构建你的主题想法和觉得合适的文献参考，这就是最开始的进入对话，对写作主题的进行思考和对文献资料进行判断。

主要和次要文献来源 Primary and Secondary Sources

“角色扮演”是同学们必须学会的。假如你是一名律师。你在打官司的时候不会向法官和陪审团说：“我保证此人很善良。他永远不会做他被指控的事情。”然后指望法官被你的真诚的语气打动，就能胜诉。因此老老实实的找到相关证据和线索，这是关键。还要找很多证人（别人的评价）和有帮助的法规，这有助于促使法官下决定。最后，对场景进行预演，毕竟你还要应对被告的提问，需要各种来源来支持你的观点，对所有人证明，“他是无罪的！”学术写作也类似。

essay写作一般准备两类材料，还没有被其他人分析的（原始）资料一般作为主要文献资料。主要用于支撑论点，这些包括但不限于小说，诗歌，自传，法庭审判书，以及人口普查，记录和国会记录等data sources。（也就是一手数据）

次要学术文献资料，已经对文献数据有所分析的资料，主要用于对自己论文观点进行补充，和对那些与自己论点相反的意见进行反驳。（差不多是二手数据）

当然，主要和次要文献资料的区别，并不是绝对的。

例如，如果你要写的是分析类论文，那么能支撑你论点的论文就可以作为你的主要文献资料。但是，如果你决定引用一个统计数据来论证你论文中引用的一段文献，那么它的功能就是作为次要文献资料。

因此，同学们应该知道，你的论文最核心的论点是你原创的，而不是你的次要文献资料作者的论点。虽然次要文献资料有用，但您应该将论文集中在一个或多个主要学术文献资料上。毕竟没有“关键证据”，你的推理立不住脚啊。

论点的主题 Subjects to Topics

有一个论点是特别的：以此类推

A topic is particular:

The Case of So-and-So v. So-and-So.

需要注意：如果你试图用“以此类推”作为论点，那么你就不会知道你会不会有所遗漏，论证不全

缩小主题 Narrowing the Topic

学术论文的主题必须特别集中而具体

比如："The Role of Such-and-Such in the Case of So-and-So v. So-and-So"这个选题就不好。"Such-and-Such"太过笼统。

"The Role of Societal Pressures in the Case of Jones v. Smith"就不是一个好选题，要进一步缩小范围。

"Alleged Jury Tampering in the Case of Jones v. Smith"这样是不是感觉，更具体，就更有说服力？你可以可以试试再进一步缩小范围。

最后总结

你可以试试完成以下步骤，看看是否还找不到选题，不知道怎么动笔：

1、先仔细阅读参考文献，让他们在你脑海中对话，然后再看看作业要求，再去阅读文献，你觉得他们会怎么说？

找到你感兴趣的段落，并做好标记和注释。包括一些特定单词，短语，句子的想法，意见和注释。

2、还记得前面说过的吗？我们要扯虎皮做大旗，就要学习并搜集别人是怎么说的。并有自己的判断。不要考虑太多，想到啥写啥！

3、Group passages and ideas into categories.完成essay写作之后就开始整理。不符合作业要求的自然就要放弃了，删掉不需要的，再补充新的。从新的角度，关联，对立，支持，证明，反对，或者其他方面再去找找。

Do any of the categories connect, contradict, echo, prove, disprove, any others?

The category with the most connections to others is probably your topic

4、借鉴别人的观点

但请记住：标记时候，一定要注意引用文献地址，不然内容一多了，你就不知道在那里看到的了。

以上就是关于essay写作主题的选择。同学们拿到essay作业先别急，先按照上面的要求做好该做的步骤，后面完成essay写作也就相对简单很多了。

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Paper代写-A novel by a 19th century English governess

本篇paper代写- A novel by a 19th century English governess讨论了英国19世纪家庭女教师小说。19世纪，当时英国的女家庭教师阶层以及随之引发的社会问题，让许多神经敏锐的19世纪的作家有意无意地在其作品中塑造了或高大或渺小、形形色色的家庭女教师的形象。因此在19世纪的英国以家庭女教师为题材的小说层出不穷，并自成一体，形成了专门描写中产阶级女子工作状况、特别是家庭女教师生活境况的家庭女教师小说。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

In the face of such a large group of marginal class and the social problems caused by it, the writers of the 19th century, who always have a keen sense of nerve, have consciously or unconsciously created the images of various kinds of governesses in their works. Therefore, in the 19th century, British novels with the theme of governesses emerged in an endless stream and became their own body, forming the governesses' novels specially describing the working conditions of middle class women, especially the living conditions of governesses.

The earliest stories of this kind can be traced back to the stories of female teachers in boarding schools in the 18th century, but the novels focusing on the relationship between governesses and their employers and their educated children in the real sense emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Some of his early works are: Mary magdalene by h.s. and the excellent French governess by Maria Edgeworth. These early works are highly didactic, mainly describing the characteristics of excellent governesses to teach a woman who is going to enter the profession how to become a satisfied employee. Later, works in the 19th century mainly described the relationship between governesses and their employers from a realistic perspective, emphasizing that governesses were vulnerable groups and victims of society, suffering from inhuman abuse, sexual repression and loneliness for a long time. For example, austen's Emma and pride and prejudice; Caroline Morton: governess by Sherwood; Emily: governess by Charles barkley; Governesses: politics in family life by miss rose and governesses by brixington. By the middle of the 19th century, with the increasing number of female governesses, they have increasingly become a social topic of concern. Examples: bread on water: the life of a governess by crake, who defended the governess charity, and the governess 'story by Anna haw; Thackeray's moral novel vanity fair, which criticizes the governess for destroying the family of others; Novels describing the working conditions of governesses, focusing on their psychological changes, such as charlotte Bronte's Jane eyre, professor, Shirley and violet, Anne Bronte's Agnes gray; Smith's "self-reliance"; Eastleigh by Mrs. Wood; The eustace stone by trollope; James's "tightening the screws"; Little governess by Clifton, etc. It is a pity that these numerous novels about governesses are still rarely talked about by people today.

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Essay代写：America's pension system

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- America's pension system，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的养老保障系统。美国的养老保障系统分为国家举办的基本养老保险制度、企业主举办的企业补充养老保险制度、住房反向抵押制度、个人退休账户系统以及其他各种养老资产。美国的保险制度与财政制度的边界清晰。目前美国拥有庞大的基金储备。二战以后，美国从未因基本养老保障制度而出现社会动荡。这是因为多层次和市场化的制度可以满足各个群体的不同需求，都各有其位，相安无事。

The American old-age security system can be divided into five levels. Second, the housing reverse mortgage system; the third is the enterprise supplementary endowment insurance system held by business owners; the fourth is the individual retirement account system (IRA): the fifth is various other retirement assets.

The mandatory old-age, survivor and disability insurance system established in the United States has a high coverage rate of over 95% of retirees. We gave full expression to people's concerns, and six million retirees and 11 million disabled people received pensions. The absence of a system of privilege and fragmentation, resulting in a unified national system, has kept the President in the same system as cleaners, businesses and civil servants. The contribution rate is only 12.4% (6.2% for employees and 6.2% for employers), so it is not too heavy for employees and will not affect the competitiveness of enterprises. At the same time, spending on family allowances and disability payments ($823bn) as a share of GDP, at just 5 per cent, is not a drag on national finances. In addition, because of the low replacement rate, which is only 40%, the United States spent $670 billion on pension and survivor's allowance in 2013, which is about $1,300 per person per month.

The relationship between the government and the market complements each other. Without it, 59 million Americans would be living below the poverty line. Of those, 16.4 million will be elderly, compared with only about 37 million currently living below the poverty line, including about 3.5 million people over 65. Even for this impoverished group, various social assistance systems will assume the ultimate responsibility.

The reverse housing mortgage system, the enterprise supplementary pension insurance system, the individual retirement account system and various other pension assets make the retirement income of Americans almost the same as before retirement, and some groups will even have a significant increase. For example, the replacement rate of the occupational annuity "thrift savings plan" for federal employees is as high as 110%, which is more than the salary before retirement, while the basic state-led system only pays out $1,300 per month for basic living.

The border between America's insurance system and its fiscal system is clear. The United States currently has a huge fund of $2.76 trillion in reserves, enough to pay for four years even without a dollar of future revenue. After World War II, the United States never experienced social unrest due to the basic old-age security system. This is because the multi-level and market-oriented system can meet the different needs of different groups, all have their own place, live in peace.

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