本篇paper代写- PSHE courses in the UK讨论了英国的PSHE课程。英国的PSHE课程,目的是使学生懂得如何处理人际关系、如何融入社会、如何保持身心健康以及如何理财。个人教育、社会教育、健康教育和财经教育是英国PSHE课程内容的四大领域。四大领域的主题教育依据学生身心发展的特点,其要求从低学段到高学段逐渐增加,课程内容具有一致性和连续性。英国PSHE课程中的健康教育从学生具体的生活细节入手,根据学生日常生活需求去生成、更新课程内容,很好地实现了以学生为中心,从学生生活中来,到学生生活中去,一切为学生生活服务,突出教育的生活性。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理,供大家参考阅读。
So far, there is no clear definition of PSHE in the UK, and several scholars define it from the perspective of "experience". Judith Ryder believes that PSHE courses in the UK effectively integrate students' personal education and social education, so as to ensure students' physical and mental health and promote their adaptation to the current and future social development. PSHE course improves students' social practice ability and cultivates students' positive life attitude. In the article "civic education and personal, social and health education -- opportunity, responsibility and experience" Liz Craft pointed out that "PSHE refers to the learning opportunities provided by schools to promote the personal and social development of their students as well as their health and happiness". "PSHE provides students with a way to gain knowledge and understanding and a way to listen to group discussions, share feelings, and understand their own and others' identities," says Gillian Feest, author of the report "reflections on a decade as a PSHE consultant." According to the views of the above scholars, the author believes that the British PSHE course is a course that enables students to know how to deal with interpersonal relationship, how to integrate into society, how to maintain physical and mental health, and how to conduct financial management.
Personal education, social education, health education and financial education are the four major fields of PSHE courses in the UK. Personal education aims to enable students to strengthen their understanding of themselves, make self-adjustment in the face of pressure, constantly cultivate students' self-confidence and sound personality, and lay a foundation for students' personal success in the future. Social education aims at enabling students to gradually understand social relations, develop interpersonal skills, adapt to the complex and changing society, and prepare for the future integration into society. Health education mainly includes physical health and mental health. To tell students about the basic health knowledge and some of the harm of bad behavior, how to carry out physical exercise to maintain good health, how to reasonable diet supplement body nutrition is the main content of health education; It is the main content of mental health education to let students know their emotions and tell them how to self-regulate and manage, how to release their inner loneliness and depression. Financial and economic education aims to enable students to initially learn certain financial skills, understand the economic and business environment in students' daily life, and make students dare, capable and friendly in financial management in the future. The four major areas of PSHE courses in the UK are not isolated from each other, but closely related to other subjects. Subject education in the four major fields is based on the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, and its requirements gradually increase from the low school level to the high school level, and the course content has consistency and continuity.
In the green paper "every child matters: for children to change", the British government has put forward five indicators for children's healthy development, and ofsted believes that the implementation of PSHE courses is of great significance for the realization of these five indicators. The second indicator is a safe life, including avoiding unfair treatment of children such as contempt, domestic violence and abuse. To prevent injury or death of children in accidents; Parents provide safe and healthy growing environment and family education for children. While meeting the basic needs of daily life, people pay increasing attention to health education. School health education not only attaches importance to the cultivation of personal ability and attitude, but also gives more consideration to the daily health needs of students. Therefore, the health education in the British PSHE course starts from the specific life details of students, generates and updates the course content according to the daily life needs of students, well realizes the student-centered, from student life to student life, all services for student life, highlighting the life of education.
According to the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, British PSHE course puts forward different requirements for the development of students in different learning stages, and the learning stages are connected with each other and have the characteristics of systematization. In terms of the health education in PSHE course, the requirements and contents of the lower learning stage to the higher learning stage gradually deepen and progress step by step. To maintain good health; Ability to understand basic safety codes of conduct, etc. Paragraph 2 asks students to make choices about a healthy life. Being able to recognize some of the factors that affect happiness and health; Be able to identify some dangerous behavior situation. Paragraph 3 requires students to know how to keep healthy both physically and mentally. How to adjust some negative emotions in the face of stress; Recognize laws and regulations related to tobacco, alcohol, legal and illegal drugs, etc. Section 4 requires students to understand the factors affecting healthy lifestyle and make choices based on their own reality. Identify the causes of mental and emotional disorders and propose solutions; Objectively evaluate the pros and cons of your lifestyle, such as drinking, smoking, sexual intercourse, etc., and make healthy lifestyle choices on this basis. It can be seen that the content of health education in British PSHE curriculum is a continuous system.
The British PSHE curriculum links people to people, people to others, people to environment and people to society, which indicates that the PSHE curriculum integrates individual education, social education, health education and financial and economic education. In terms of course content, PSHE course content is not a fixed knowledge structure system, but integrated into various disciplines in a specific way. In terms of curriculum implementation, some schools have infiltrated PSHE courses into the teaching of other disciplines and carried out PSHE courses by integrating them with other disciplines. For example, the history teacher may take the war casualties as the health education topic; Biology teachers can explain the process of life evolution and life phenomena such as birth, old age, illness and death to students. Teachers of religious education can interpret life's life and death in a unique way. Teachers of ethics can explain sexual knowledge and morality to students. Thus it can be seen that the PSHE curriculum in the UK is effectively integrated with other disciplines, without requiring extra teaching time, thus effectively complementing each other among disciplines and increasing the cohesion of the school. 4. Peace
"Student-centered", to meet the students' personality development, promote the overall development of students is the purpose of British PSHE courses. Firstly, PSHE aims to promote students' personal development and growth, provide help for students to manage their current life and prepare them for their future personal development. Students can obtain the knowledge and skills needed to solve daily difficulties through PSHE courses, which is helpful to enhance students' self-confidence and social adaptability. Secondly, the setting of PSHE course objectives respects the law of students' physical and mental development, and different learning segments arrange different contents and activities. For example, in the PSHE course of Scott middle school, the content of food is as follows: learning paragraph 2 requires knowledge of daily food-related operation skills, while learning paragraph 3 requires showing the food of a specific country and introducing its dietary habits. Finally, in the teaching process of PSHE course, students should pay attention to student-based education, encourage students to use the knowledge and skills they have learned to solve problems, and highlight their autonomy. To sum up, PSHE courses in the UK can help students establish self-confidence and sense of social responsibility, better deal with interpersonal relationships and adapt to the future society.
"The fundamental purpose of using the curriculum knowledge effectively is to solve important personal and social problems," Beane said. The value of the course should meet the requirements of students' personal and social development, that is to say, the course can enable students to acquire the key knowledge and ability needed for future development, namely the core accomplishment. At present, China's primary and secondary schools are still seriously affected by examination-oriented education. They still attach too much importance to the study of traditional subject knowledge and ignore the physical and mental health education which is most closely related to students' daily life. The students they train can only take exams. The British PSHE course organizes teaching based on the problems in students' daily life, generates and constantly updates and improves the course content. The course content is specific to all aspects of students' growth, which makes students more closely connected with others and society and gradually makes students become a complete person. Therefore, the implementation of health education curriculum in China should be people-oriented. As a complete person, students should be given comprehensive training to constantly improve the living state and quality of life of students, so that students have the core quality of future social development.
Based on students' daily life, adjusting and improving the content system of health education curriculum in China and thoroughly implementing the curriculum standards of health education in primary and secondary schools are the way out for the development of health education in primary and secondary schools in China in the future. The experience of PSHE courses in the UK can be used for reference to make improvements in the following aspects: first, the content system of health education should be integrated. Paying attention to students' physical health is the basic condition, strengthening students' psychological quality can promote students' healthy and sustainable development. Not only learning relevant health knowledge, but also paying attention to the training of students' skills and the cultivation of their values. Second, the content of health education is systematized. According to the physical and mental development and cognitive characteristics of students, the health education content of primary and secondary schools should focus on meeting the needs of students' personal development. Thirdly, the content of health education should meet the needs of students' actual development. The content of health education textbooks should be selected from students' daily life, focusing on the expression of students' emotions and emotions, helping students to solve the problems and puzzles in self-cognition, sexual health, depression and other psychological aspects, and strengthening the cultivation of students' quality from both physical and mental aspects. Fourthly, change the teaching method of health education. Health education is not only to improve students' health knowledge, but also to emphasize the skills and attitudes to develop a healthy lifestyle. The ultimate goal of health education is to cultivate students' healthy behaviors and develop their health literacy. Therefore, we need to rely on the actual situation of China and draw lessons from the successful experience of PSHE course in the UK to investigate the current situation of health education in China, further supplement, enrich and improve the content of health education, and build a content system of health education suitable for China.
At present, China's life education has been concerned and tried to be carried out in primary and secondary schools, but it is still in the initial stage, the research on life education is not mature, there is no relevant curriculum outline, special education training and other specific measures, the system of life education to be built. "People oriented, return to life" is the concept of British PSHE course. The UK implements the concept of life education in PSHE course through subject penetration, life safety education and life safety quality development activities to improve students' health and happiness. Based on the experience of life education in primary and secondary schools in Britain and the current situation of life education in primary and secondary schools in China, the following Suggestions are put forward. Secondly, teachers should attach importance to the practical development of life education. Teachers should closely link the teaching content with daily life and use practical experience to let students understand the preciousness of life and understand the value of life, so as to realize their own life value. At the same time, the professional quality of life education should be improved. Third, special institutions, departments and expert groups should be set up to evaluate the implementation of life education, so that life education can be thoroughly implemented in primary and secondary schools.
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