Essay代写：Mona Lisa

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Mona Lisa，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了《蒙娜丽莎》。众所周知，《蒙娜丽莎》是意大利文艺复兴时期著名画家列奥纳多·达·芬奇所创作的肖像画，它成功地塑造了一个城市的资产阶级妇女在资本主义统治下的形象。画作完成后，端庄美丽的蒙娜丽莎神秘的微笑甩了无数人。“蒙娜丽莎的微笑”之后的意思是迷人的微笑或神秘的微笑。不同的人在不同的时间看到这幅画，对这幅画的感觉似乎也不同。有时她的微笑让人觉得温柔，有时严肃，有时略带忧伤，有时甚至是嘲笑。

It is well-known that the painting Mona Lisa is a famous piece in the world. Mona Lisa is the portraiture of Leonardo da Vinci, a famous Italian Renaissance artist. The hero's real identity is controversial, there are many versions. One of the more popular versions was the protagonist of the painting, Mona Lisa, up-and-coming Joioton's young wife, who painted for four years. There are various articles about this good painting. In fact, the scientists and some artists have already done some relative researches about Mona Lisa. There are also some discussions about this painting. It is admired by so many people. Joseph Harriss’s article “Seeking Mona Lisa” is a famous piece about the painting and the influence of the painting in the world. This paper aims to analyze a new discovery about the Mona Lisa. The essay will demonstrate how this new discovery affects the celebrity status of Mona Lisa.

Mona Lisa's smile (also known as Jorda Kangda) is a prestigious portrayal of masterpieces, commensurate with Leonardo's another famous painting, The Last Supper. It succeeded in shaping the image of a city's bourgeois woman in the ascendant of capitalism. Is the highest Renaissance Italian artist Da Vinci's highest artistic achievement. At that time, Mona Lisa's son just died, she has been in sorrow, depressed. To make the hostess happy, Leonardo da Vinci invited musicians and comedians in the painting, trying to make Mona Lisa happy. After the painting was completed, the mysterious smile on the dignified and beautiful Mona Lisa dumped countless people (Miner, 2009). After the "Mona Lisa smile" means a charming smile or mysterious smile. Different viewers or people at different times see the painting, the feeling of the painting seems different. Sometimes her smile make people feel soft, gentle, sometimes serious, sometimes slightly sad, sometimes even ridiculed.

The researches about this painting and Mona Lisa are various. There is a new discovery about the painting. The modern X-rays demonstrates that the oil layer of the painting reached more than twenty layers and with almost any brushstroke. It conformed that da Vinci repeatedly revised and portrayed the portrait. The discovery also shows that all of the traces of the painting were carefully wiped flat(Monalisa, 2013). It can be seen from this discovery that da Vinci wanted to pursue his best efforts. He used a long time to modify and decorate the painting. The popularity of this painting has the close connection with great efforts.

Bruno Morten, an expert at the French Museum Research and Rehabilitation Center, said scientists at the National Research Council of Canada found that the colors of the clothes worn by the painters There is a layer of transparent tulle, Mona Lisa wore pregnant women dress, head wearing a boundless hat. As these details are covered in the original, so the naked eye can not be found. Based on these new findings, the experts further concluded that the woman who sat in front of Leonardo da Vinci 500 years ago had just given birth to her second child (Miller, 2012). The identification tool used by Canadian scientists, the X-ray analyzer, came to the Louvre in Paris to scan both sides of the Mona Lisa for high definition 3D image data (Monalisa, 2013). It is reported that the clarity of the scanned image can be detailed to 10 microns, equivalent to human hair diameter 1/10. Using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scientists studied seven Leonardo da Vinci works, including the Mona Lisa. This test method does not require the extraction of pigments from the painting, which can decompose the layer of paint on the face of Mona Lisa, which has the advantage of not damaging the work. According to the different materials, researchers divide it into 9 faces. They found that Leonardo da Vinci chose Mona Lisa for the finest pigments and additives and added a nearly transparent light color to the finished color, which was only about 1 to 2 microns thick, and all Pigment coatings do not add up to more than 40 microns in thickness. Scientists think it is using these know-how that the paintings have a dim effect and at the same time make the characters more three-dimensional. Form the X-ray technology, people can easily find that the discovery helps people get the real appearance of the character in the painting.

The discovery has influenced the celebrity status a lot. At first, the discovery rises people’s suppositions about Mona Lisa. People may want to know who Mona Lisa is and who is the prototype of character at the beginning of the painting. These suppositions make the celebrity status become more mysterious. In fact, different people may have different feeling when looing at the painting. For example, the painting is very hot in Japan. Many Japanese think the smile of the Mona Lisa is very gentle and peaceful. They even change the hair, the eyes and some other things into what they like. However, the painting in French gets the different meaning. Many people find the sadness of the smile and even the indignation of the smile. This discover make people look more things behind the painting. There are still a lot of argument about the identity and the meaning of the smile. Secondly, As long as you see the painting, no matter how far away you can feel the smile. Smile is not only reflected in the cocked mouth, but throughout the face of every part of the skin, or even every corner of the screen, so that the viewer while enjoying the Mona Lisa, the heart filled with a smile. To some extent, the discover make people value the painting. It has increased the degree of the celebrity status in the world. The Mona Lisa is destined to remain permanently in the Louvre. In the legend of the prototype of "Mona Lisa", some people say that the painting was a courtesan in the city of Florence at the time, while others said that the painting was a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci's own version of the woman. A U.S. professor named Wiener Newland claims he has discovered the real secret behind the Mona Lisa smile (Schwartz, 1988). The smile on the face of Mona Lisa is always because the owner of the painting was pregnant when she was a Leonardo da Vinci model and was born when the mother was about to give birth to her new life Mysterious smile. Leonardo da Vinci "Mona Lisa" original painting on the Louvre in Paris. But for centuries, collectors claim that they have more than 60 "Mona Lisa" paintings. With the examination of the X-ray, the celebrity status will be not so dim. People will find more adequate information from the result of the X-ray.

In conclusion, the painting Mona Lisa is discussed from past to present. There are many different opinions about the piece. Indeed, there are a lot of arguments about the celebrity status of the character in the painting. The new discovery is reasonable because it is based on the scientific technology. This discover makes the celebrity status of Mona Lisa become clear. In the future, there must be more technology and hints to prove the real celebrity status of Mona Lisa. The painting is worth researching and analyzing.

References

Miller-Jones, E. R., Lisa, M., Vinci, L. D., Gioconda, L., Giocondo, L. D., & Lisa, S. A. M., et al. (2012). The Portrait of Mona Lisa. FastBook Publishing.

Miner, L. F .(2009). Portrait of a lady while no masterpiece, 'mona lisa smile' offers an engaging tale of women's roles in the '50s.

Schwartz, L. F. (1988). The Mona Lisa identification: evidence from a computer analysis. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

Monalisa, Y. (2013). Pengaruh variasi suhu annealing terhadap struktur dan ukuran butir silika dari abu tongkol jagung menggunakan, x-ray diffractometer. Pillar of Physics.

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Assignment代写：The Woman in White

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The Woman in White，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了《白衣女人》。《白衣女人》是英国著名小说家威尔基·柯林斯的代表作之一，这部小说因其复杂而有趣的情节被认为是英国侦探小说的先驱。书中的女性人物作为当时女性形象的代表，由于其鲜明的个性和共同的命运，蕴含着分析和研究的价值和意义。小说让故事中的人物在叙述中讲述自己的经历，每个人都与最后一个人的故事紧密相连。年轻的画家沃尔特·哈特莱特在申请一份辅导工作的路上，遇到了一位身穿白色衣服的女子，帮助她逃离了别人的追逐，这段经历构成了整部小说的背景。

The Woman in White is one of the representative works of Wilkie Collins, a famous British novelist. The novel is considered a pioneer of British detective fiction because of its complex and intriguing plot. The female characters in the book, as the representative of the female image back then, contain the value and significance of analysis and research due to their distinct personality and common destiny. The novel lets the characters involved in the story tell about their own experiences in the narrative, with each person closely connected with the story of the last one. With recollections, diaries to record daily events, proof letters built into the whole novel, a creative narrative structure is constructed. When the young painter Walter Hartright was on the way to apply for a tutoring job, he met a woman in white clothes and helped her to escape the chase of others. The experience set off the entire novel. In this assignment, the discussion will be around the construction of the female images in the novel, combined with the analysis of the historical and social background of the story. From the analysis, it is observed that despite the different images of females, women were under severe repression and persecution in the male-dominated Victorian period.

Judging from the life of the novelist Collins, he lived through the entire Victorian era. The Woman in White reflects the early and mid-Victorian women's life (Huffels 42). During this period, Britain's middle-class family was dominated by patriarchy and the society largely remained male-dominated. Its dominant belief was that women were inferior to men. In the husband and wife relationship, wives were attachments to their husbands, and the husbands' status was always higher than the wives. This authority level was widely accepted. Due to the special social and political atmosphere, women in this period could only be regarded as daughters or wives of someone, but not independent social beings (Huffels 44). More often, they were regarded as husband's senior servants. They have lost what women should have in terms of social status, and also lost the right to have a voice. The voice of control is considered as a social tool and a form of power exertion and reproduction. It is one of the necessary factors in the social and cultural framework. Therefore, a person's right to speak is subject to many social factors. In Victorian times, the loss of right to speak of women was a result of their passive and oppressed positions in both economy and marriage. This novel has a clear reflection of such a point with the depiction of Laura.

Laura is the daughter of Limmeridge House 's owner. She has all the virtues of women that the man of that era expected. Collins portrays her through the eyes of the young painter Walter. In his eyes, Laura is young and beautiful, slim, gentle, pure and beautiful, charming and delicate... (Collins 22). The author uses a male perspective, sparing no effort to praise her. It is such a female image of a “dream (Collins 25)” for Walter, that made him fall in love at first sight, leading to the later conflict of story. Laura's parents died and her guardian was her uncle Frederick (Collins 38). Apparently, women in the Victorian era did not have the right to own an estate independently. Prior to her father’s death, he had her engage with baronet Sir Percival Glyde. Due to her weak personality and respect for her father, Laura agreed back then. But now she is falling in love with Walter.

Not wanting to violate her father's orders, she said to her mother's sister: "I can never claim my release from my engagement. Whatever way it ends it must end wretchedly for me. All I can do, Marian, is not to add the remembrance that I have broken my promise and forgotten my father’s dying words, to make that wretchedness worse (Collins 201).” Repressed by the authoritative decision of the father, even after his death, Laura still did not dare to resist it. She never dared to say a word of "no" and be honest to her own heart. She pinned her hopes on Sir Glyde and hoped that he would take the initiative to dissolve the engagement. However, Baron was a hypocrite who only took Laura to get her property. He would never take the initiative to dissolve the marriage contract. Instead, he took advantage of Laura’s confession to further secure the engagement. Laura’s hope was shattered, and she obeyed the marriage agreement. From the repression of the father to the repression of the husband, Laura was ready to make the transition.

Before Laura married Sir Glyde, a pre-marriage property agreement was drafted by the family lawyer. Due to the selfishness and cruelty of uncle Frederick and Sir Glyde, the lawyer had no choice but to draft a very unfavorable property contract against Laura. After the marriage if Laura did not give birth to children and died before Sir Glyde, he would inherit all the property of his wife. As a result of oppression by the dominating male voice, all her decisions before being married were up to the guardian, her uncle. Laura lost all the right to speak of property inheritance and distribution. Specifically, “not one farthing of the twenty thousand pounds was to go to Miss Halcombe, or to any other relative or friend of Lady Glyde’s. The whole sum, if she left no children, was to slip into the pockets of her husband (Collins 185).” This means that although Laura hoped she could leave part of the property to her sister, she was not able to do so because of the exploiting contract. As a woman, she could not make her own decisions, and have her own voice. The only thing for her to do was to continue complying with men's wishes and orders.

Under the wealthy appearance of the Sir Glyde, he actually owed a lot of money due to inheritance issues. Laura’s sister Marian found Laura to have changed a lot after the marriage, becoming less and less willing to talk. Laura was just blindly obeying Sir Glyde’s temper and command. In order to repay his debt, Glyde asked Laura to sign a document but did not tell her what the document contained. His attitude towards Laura was like a mastering treating his own property. He was your servant, and was obliged to explain. I am your husband, and am NOT obliged. How much longer do you mean to keep me here? I tell you again, there is no time for reading anything—the dog-cart is waiting at the door. Once for all, will you sign or will you not (Collins 302)?” Roaring from Glyde, he treated Laura in such an arrogant, abusive and rude way, driving Laura to tears in fear. Only with the support of her sister Marian and outside intervention, could she reject the request from her husband. The domineering performance of the husband's rights peaked in this part of the novel. Without the intervention of her sister and Count, she would certainly compromise due to her weak personality. This may be the only time Laura said "no" to her husband in the novel. With her sister falling sick, Laura completely lost her right to speak.

It was a perfecting timing for Marian to fall ill because she overheard the plotting of Sir Glyde about how he could obtain Laura's property. Under the deception of Glyde, Laura was taken to London and drugged (Collins 485), and Glydel's trick was to replace Laura with a very similar figure, the "woman in white" Anne Catherick. After the exchange, they planned to poison Anne to death so Glyde could inherit Laura's huge fortune. After experiencing this series of blows, Laura wad in a state of trance, not very different from a mad person. When Marian finally rescued her from the lunatic asylum, she found that her memory of the ordeal was completely blurred and irreversible. After experiencing the extreme mental devastation, Laura's right to speak as a woman was completely lost. This painful memory has been completely buried in her mind deep down.

There appeared a lot of works about women in madness during the same era of the novel. Some famous examples include the crazy woman in the attic in Jane Eyre (Brontë). The common feature of these women is that all of them are oppressed by the patriarchal society and persecuted by the patriarchal power. In The Woman in White, there is a similar woman persecuted by men and society, Anne Catherick. Because she always liked to wear white clothes, it also became the title of the book. This makes Anne a main character of the story as well. Annie looked exactly like Laura in her innocence and beauty. Her mental development was slow, making her an even more lovable figure. She is actually the illegitimate daughter of Laura's father, and Laura's half-sister. Annie's mother was a maid, and Laura's father had all sorts of affairs in life, even after being married. He did not know about Anne's existence until he died. Anne can be seen as the most obvious evidence of male domination and manipulation with women in the patriarchal society. Anne was locked in a lunatic asylum, also because of male repressing as well, as they became fearful when she had a voice and tried to tell on their secret (Collins 349).

White symbolizes innocence and purity, but also symbolizes the weakness of women, the nameless threat and evil, despair, madness, hatred and death. White almost symbolizes Annie's unhappy life as a woman. Although locked in a lunatic asylum, Anne still managed to get out and wanted to warn Laura, not to marry the Baron. However, she often did not speak clearly, failing to deliver the meaning with words, and people did not know what she wanted to say. In fact, she did not know the exact secret of Glyde, but she just knew there was a secret, and he was not a good man. In the patriarchal society, the simplest and cruelest treatment for women when they resist the authority of men is to declare them to be mad and completely shut them off from society, so that women will lose all their rights completely. Their physical and mental suffering will be the punishment. Annie threatened to expose the secret of Glyde and was locked into the asylum. She escaped from the chase once, but eventually caught, dying from her illness. This crazy image of women is precisely their cry of anger and complaints against the repression on them in the patriarchal society.

"Androgyny" is an important concept used frequently by feminist writers. To feminist thinkers, androgyny represents a feminist value and personality ideal (Kuhn 2). Because women cannot achieve the same status as men in the patriarchal culture, feminist thinkers use the concept of "androgyny" to embody the notion of a perfect "human being" that transcends gender antagonism and at the same time integrates the excellent qualities of men and women. Male and female elements that are diametrically opposed to each other in real life are two aspects of the same entity. Only the harmonious coexistence of the two sexes is the ideal state (Kuhn 6). For writers, great works can only be created by combining different elements into the same character. The idea of androgyny is practiced in Marian in the novel, and as a result, she has become one of the most popular and successful women in the book. As a male writer, Collins was clearly very concerned and sympathetic about the fate of women back then. If Laura and Anne were to represent all the weak, oppressed women of that era, then Marian would represent the heroic rebellious woman, of the writer's ideal female image.

Marian's image is portrayed in the eyes of Walter. In addition to the appearance of Marian, there are numerous qualities that men appreciate in her. “The instant my eyes rested on her, I was struck by the rare beauty of her form, and by the unaffected grace of her attitude. Her figure was tall, yet not too tall; comely and well-developed, yet not fat; her head set on her shoulders with an easy, pliant firmness; her waist, perfection in the eyes of a man, for it occupied its natural place, it filled out its natural circle, it was visibly and delightfully undeformed by stays (Collins 35).” Walter spoke highly of Marian's body, but when he saw Marian's face, he said to himself: "The lady is ugly (Collins 35)!" Collins seems to be trying to keep Marian as Laura’s contrast. When Marian introduced herself to Walter, she said: " I have got nothing, and she has a fortune. I am dark and ugly, and she is fair and pretty (Collins 38).” This shows that although Marian did not have an advantage in physical appearances, she was smart enough to realize it, and took the initiative to minimize the negative impact by finding her own voice.

Another female quality of Marian is reflected as her identity as a half-sister to Laura, unselfishly providing Laura with care and love (Kuhn 6). She has been with Laura in the estate since her mother's death, relieving her sorrows and caring for her. When Laurie had to marry Sir Glyde, Marian was sad for her and kept her company. Marian also lived with Laura even after Laura married, and stayed with her sister no matter what happened. In order to learn about the plotting of Sir Glyde, Marian went to hear their conversation as if she was a witty man. However, women's weaker strengths could not seem to carry her wisdom. When Marian rescued Laurie from the asylum, she took full charge of an older sister's role in taking care of Laura.

If the beautiful body represents the female feature in Marian, then her appearance is the embodiment of the masculine qualities. After seeing her appearance, the expectations of Walter completely disappeared. “The lady’s complexion was almost swarthy, and the dark down on her upper lip was almost a moustache. She had a large, firm, masculine mouth and jaw; prominent, piercing, resolute brown eyes; and thick, coal-black hair, growing unusually low down on her forehead. Her expression—bright, frank, and intelligent—appeared, while she was silent, to be altogether wanting in those feminine attractions of gentleness and pliability, without which the beauty of the handsomest woman alive is beauty incomplete (Collins 36).” Such unusual physical appearances seem to hint on the personality of Marian. Her actions later have fully demonstrated her masculine side (Kuhn 12).

Living in the Limmeridge House, faced with the mean guardian, Mr. Fairlie, Laura and the servants in the house never dared to disobey his orders. But Marian was the only one that he feared, because she was the only one who dared to express her anger and dissatisfaction in front of him. When Marian argued with Fairlie about Laura's unfair property contract, she heavily banged the door (Collins 216), showing her fighting spirit against injustice. Although she did not change Mr. Ferrier's decision, she made her own voice heard, demonstrated her own character and resistance. This was a valuable quality that most women did not have at the time. Living with the newly-wed couple, Marian showed her masculine wit and brave, and most importantly the courage to act. Based on the behaviors of Glyde, Marian was smart to analyze the problems and find solutions. She was among the first to realize Glyde was not a good man.

Marian's most admirable performance was the eavesdropping of the plotting against Laura by Glyde. In order to overhear the two men’s conspiracy, Marian made careful arrangement. She planned to cross the window of her living room to the outside corridor and climb all the way to the place right above the study window, leaning down between flower pots and leaning her ear close to the outside railings (Collins 396). This was a very risky move. In order to be able to successfully achieve the goal, Marian took off her long silk shirt and white dress, put on a dark flannel skirt and travel cloak (Collins 398). This detailed depiction has a strong symbolic meaning: Marian's removal of the white dress means her departure from the female character at this moment, by doing exactly what men can do. After a difficult crawling and careful crossing over flowerpots, she finally completed the task. The ending that Laura finally had a happy life with Walter could not be separated from Marian's masculine and heroic actions. The image of Marian, a female character, is typical example of androgyny. She possesses both the feminine body adored by men, the appearance with masculine features, and the character that makes men admire. It is precisely because of such characteristics of Marian depicted by Collins that made Marian the most vivid and successful female figure in the novel.

In conclusion, there are mainly three images of women analyzed in this essay. The repressed figure of Laura is a typical representation of women from the Victorian era. The tragedy of her is the complete loss of voice and dominations by different male figures in her life: either her father, her guardian, or her husband. The image of Anne can be considered as a rebellion against the male dominated society, with madness being the best proof of the cruelty of the society. Finally, the combination of feminine and masculine features in Marian shows that the author had the ideal image of females in mind. With the gathering of good qualities from both genders, Marian becomes more than a female, but a symbol of women’s liberation and the perfect form of a human being, regardless of gender. The distinctive images of women in The Woman in White have truly reflected the oppression and persecution against women in the Victorian patriarchal society.

Works Cited

• Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Penguin Group, New York, N.Y, 1997.

• Collins, Wilkie. The Woman in White. Coradella Collegiate Bookshelf Editions., 2004.

• Huffels, Natalie. "Tracing Traumatic Memory in The Woman in White: Psychic Shock, Victorian Science, and the Narrative Strategy of the Shadow-Bildungsroman." Victorian Review, vol. 37, no. 1, 2011, pp. 42-61.

• Kuhn, Brianna. "Equal Partnerships: Ideal Androgynous Marriages in Jane Eyre and the Woman in White." The Victorian (Dell, Univ. of Sharjah), vol. 2, no. 1, 2014.

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留学生的报告作业怎么写

想必留学生们也知道，平常的作业并不只有论文写作，有的时候还得写报告，而报告的写作跟论文写作是不一样的，所以大家千万别弄混。那么留学生的报告作业该怎么写呢？下面就给大家详细讲解一下，不会写报告的同学要认真看一下。

什么是报告?

在学术界，报告和论文之间有一些重叠，这两个词有时可以互换使用，但报告更有可能用于商业、科学和技术主题，以及工作场所。

一篇论文提出论点和推理，而一篇报告集中于事实。

从本质上说，报告是一份简短、尖锐、简明的文件，它是为特定的目的和受众而写的。它通常列出并分析一个情况或问题，通常为未来的行动提出建议。这是一篇真实的论文，需要清晰和结构良好。

对于报告的准确形式和内容的要求在不同的组织和部门之间、不同的课程之间、不同的导师之间以及不同的学科之间都是不同的，所以在您开始之前，有必要了解一下是否有任何具体的指导方针。

报告可包括以下部分或全部内容:

对一系列事件或情况的描述;

对这些事件或情况的重要性的一些解释，无论是你自己的分析还是别人的观点，当然都要仔细参考(更多信息请参阅我们的学术参考页面);

对事实或研究结果的评价;

讨论未来行动方针可能产生的结果;

你对行动方针的建议;和结论。

并非所有这些因素在每一份报告中都是必不可少的。

如果你在工作场所写报告，检查是否有任何标准的指导方针或结构你需要使用。

例如，在英国，许多政府部门都有向部长提交报告的大纲结构，必须严格遵守。

小标题和编号

报告的目的是以结构化的方式引导人们浏览信息，同时也使他们能够快速、轻松地找到他们想要的信息。

因此，报告通常有编号的部分和子部分，以及列出每个标题的清晰完整的内容页。因此页码很重要。

现代文字处理器具有添加目录(ToC)、页码和样式标题的功能;当您编辑报告、移动、添加或删除部分时，应该利用它们自动更新。

报告写作

开始:事先准备和计划

报告的结构对于引导读者通过你的思考得出行动和/或决定是非常重要的。事先花点时间计划一下是值得的。

第一步:了解你的简报

你通常会收到一份清晰的报告摘要，包括你正在学习的内容和报告应该为谁准备。

首先，仔细考虑你的简短并确保你清楚谁报告(如果你是学生，那么不仅你的导师，但它应该是写给谁，以及为什么你写它，以及你想要的读者在阅读的终结:做出决定或同意的建议，也许。

第二步:时刻牢记你的摘要

在你的计划和写作过程中，一定要记住你的摘要:你在为谁写作，为什么要写作?

你所有的思考都需要集中在这一点上，这可能要求你在阅读和思考时要冷酷无情。任何不相关的东西都应该丢弃。

当你阅读和研究的时候，试着根据主题把你的工作分成几个部分，有点像写一篇文献综述。

一定要记下你的推荐信，尤其是学术方面的。虽然在工作场合引用可能不那么重要，但是您能够证实您所做的任何断言也是很重要的，因此跟踪您的信息来源是很有帮助的。

报告的结构

与精确的内容一样，对结构的要求也各不相同，所以一定要检查任何指南中列出的内容。

但是，作为一个粗略的指南，您应该计划至少包含一个执行摘要、介绍、报告主体以及包含结论和任何建议的部分。

执行概要

行政摘要或摘要，对于科学报告来说，就是对内容的简要概括。当你知道要画出的关键点时，最后写这封信是值得的。它的长度不应超过半页到一页。

请记住，执行摘要的目的是让忙碌的“高管”快速总结报告的内容。

介绍

引言列出了您计划要说的内容，并对正在讨论的问题进行了简要的总结。它还应该简要涉及你的结论。

报告主体

报告的主体应该以一种引导读者通读该问题的方式精心构建。

你应该把它分成几个部分，使用与主题或领域相关的编号小标题。对于每一个主题，你都应该力求简明扼要地阐明主题

结论和建议

结论列出了你从信息中得出的推论，包括任何实验结果。它可以包含建议，也可以包含在单独的部分中。

建议建议你认为情况可以如何改善，并且应该是具体的、可实现的和可衡量的。如果你的建议涉及财政问题，你应该清楚地列出这些建议，如果可能的话，还应该加上估计费用。

写作要点

写报告时，你的目标应该是绝对清楚的。最重要的是，这本书应该易于阅读和理解，即使是对那些对这一领域知之甚少的人来说也是如此。

因此，你的目标应该是清晰、准确的文本，使用简单的英语，使用短单词而不是长句子。

你也应该避免术语。如果你必须使用专业语言，你应该在使用的时候解释每个单词。如果你发现你必须解释超过五个单词，你可能使用了太多的术语，需要用一些更简单的单词来代替。

考虑你的听众。如果这份报告是为某个特定的人写的，检查一下你是否应该把它写给“你”，或者是某个职位的第三人:例如，“首席执行官可能会考虑……”，或者“建议部长同意……”。

最后的提醒

特别注意你所包含的所有信息是否相关。还要记得检查时态，也就是你用哪个人写的，语法和拼写。对于结构上的任何要求，最后一次检查也是值得的。

对于学术作业，确保你已经充分正确地引用了。像往常一样，检查你没有在不承认的情况下，无意或故意剽窃或复制任何东西。

以上就是关于报告的写作讲解，希望大家看完之后，都知道该怎么去写报告了。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：UK's core capacity development

本篇paper代写- UK's core capacity development讨论了英国的核心能力开发。20世纪80年代，英国在全社会大力推行核心能力的培养和开发，并建立起了一系列核心能力培养策略。英国的核心能力考核评估是以实践活动设计为基础的。考核评估的依据主要包括专题讨论、项目调查、行业分析等，这就有利于把核心能力的学习者和培训者引导到实践操作能力的轨道上来，有利于核心能力实践功效的充分发挥。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Since the 1980s, all sectors in the UK have increased research on core capabilities. Core competence has different titles and definitions in different countries. British education skills, learning and skills council, qualifications and curriculum committee jointly published "on the core skills policy and practice problems solved" think: is a series of core skills can help the individual in education, work and lifelong learning and personal development in the success of the basic skills of universality, it is not only for young people for adults also the practical application of skills. German sociologist MeiTeng, puts forward the education in Germany has repeatedly cited the definition of "key ability" : critical ability is not only those with certain professional practical skills is not directly related to the knowledge, ability and skills, it is on various occasions and duty to judge the ability of competent for unforeseen changes life career ability. Australian education reform commission chairman meyer organization established Mayer Committee in 1992 to submit research report studied the "key ability", the report pointed out that when considering young people deal with professional job in the future, education must focus on training young people and the future employment is related to a series of key ability, that is needed to successfully adapt to the future career life widespread migration ability. As the core skills in Britain and Germany, Australia, the key ability, their basic connotation is consistent, namely people in addition to career post professional ability of the basic ability, is a kind of transferable indispensable cross-industry generality with any professional ability, it is the individual adapt to economic and social development, technological progress, post transformation and entrepreneurship development must have the ability, has general applicability, mobility and sustainability, etc.

So far, the UK has adopted six core skills identified by the qualifications and curriculum committee in 1999: communieation, ap-plication 0f Number, Information Technology, Working with Others, impro-ving Own Learning and Performance and Problem Solving. It stipulates that the first three skills are "main" or "hard" core abilities, which are mandatory to be applied in national vocational qualification courses, while the latter three belong to "broader" or "soft" core abilities, which are currently under further development, so the requirements for them are relatively low and are not mandatory to be cultivated.

In the 1980s, Britain launched a series of supporting policies and measures, vigorously promoted the cultivation and development of core competence in the whole society, and established a series of effective core competence cultivation strategies.

In the core competence standard, the United Kingdom has developed a unified national core competence standard system, which consists of six core competencies, each of which is divided into five levels. Core skill levels 1-4 have a standard, level 5 has a standard.

Meanwhile, the core competence assessment in the UK is based on the design of practical activities. To evaluate on the basis of mainly includes the panel discussion, project investigation, laboratory test, the enterprise study, social investigation and project design, industry analysis, field interviews, etc., it is beneficial to the core competence of the learners and the trainers guidance to the practice operation ability to track, is advantageous to the core ability practice effect into full play.

In the 1970s, the British Further Education Unit launched the New Training Initiative, which is the germination of the new professionalism with the core competence as the main body. It makes the early policy preparation for the generation of the British core competence. In the 1980s, the British government established A new policy framework and issued A series of government white papers, including A Programme for Action and Basic skills, which constituted the new direction of British vocational education. The basic skills published by the ministry of continuing education in 1982 stipulates two principles for the description of core competence: geneficnefls and transferability, which have been guiding the regulations on core competence of British vocational education in the future. From the late 1970s to the early 1990s, a series of education innovation plans were issued in Britain, which promoted the development of core competence. The most influential of these innovations is the youth training programme, a comprehensive programme of vocational training for all young people under the age of 18 who are not in full-time education. Strengthening core competence training is an important step taken by this plan. YTS discusses the theory, implementation scope and development scale of core competence, curriculum design and result evaluation.

While focusing on the policy and regulation construction of core competence training, the British government also attaches great importance to the system supporting the development of core competence. It has not only carried out the corresponding reform of education management system, but also established a sound core competence training certification system. Since the 1980s, the UK has implemented six training and certification programs for core competencies in the natro vocational Qualifications. In 1990, the national curriculum council issued a report entitled Core Skills 16-19, stating that Core Skills would be included in the curriculum of all 16-19 year olds. In 1991, the British ministry of education introduced a new Vocational qualification, General Natinoal Vocational Qualifications. Gn-vq is an applied education which aims to bridge the gap between professional and academic certificates. In 1993, GNVQ was introduced in British vocational education. For this purpose, a core competency standard system for employment service was developed, which mainly provides learners with general skills, knowledge and understanding required by a wide range of occupations or all majors. It can be said that the establishment of GNVQ provides an important training channel for the cultivation of core competence. In 1997, the British government merged the school Curriculum and evaluation committee of the original ministry of education with the national vocational Qualification committee and established the Qualification and Curriculum Authority. It is responsible for the national promotion and development of education and training programs at all levels on behalf of the government. It is an authority on qualifications. This is more conducive to the communication between academic and professional, and provides a possibility to achieve the equivalence between vocational education and general education. The establishment of QCA and a series of management system reforms in the UK have provided institutional guarantee for the development and operation of core competence.

In 1996, the British qualification and curriculum committee established a national qualification certificate system based on the core competence development. At the same time, the British qualifications and curriculum council has brought vocational and general education into the same framework, making them reciprocal and coherent. QCA establishes the correspondence between professional qualification certificates and academic certificates, which is based on core competence.

From table 1 shows the level of core competence in Britain can and NVQ, GNVQ and regular school education level of qualification of mutual recognition, training core competence module can be included in the credit, in the school curriculum in teaching the core ability training and vocational school, apprenticeship training, certification and full-time courses, it's fully implements the core ability course of phase connectivity.

The UK implements multi-sectoral coordination and cooperation across the whole society to jointly develop core capabilities. Government agencies, legislative departments, training institutions, certificate institutions, employers and trade unions are involved in the development of core competence, and they all play different roles in the development and implementation of core competence. Qualification and curriculum committee: it is a government agency for government guidance and macro-control, mainly responsible for the national standards of core competence and the design of core competence test questions; Committee for the development of continuing education: it is a government research institution responsible for the development of core competence projects. Its main task is to conduct theoretical research on problems encountered in the process of core competence development and implementation and to promote advanced experience. Cbi is the employer representative of the core competence development project, whose main role is to raise the awareness of the importance of core competence in the business community, to make Suggestions or Suggestions to the government, and to train teachers and employees. Training institutions: industrial universities, colleges, social training centers, enterprise training centers, etc. They are mainly engaged in the development and research of core competence and the implementation of training. In addition, the British government has approved 21 certification bodies as core competencies out of about 17,000 certification bodies nationwide.

This approach mainly refers to the core competence training carried out by the 21 core competence assessment and certification bodies in the UK. The training content is mainly the first three of the core competence: communication, digital application and information technology. Citizens of any occupation, age and educational background can obtain these three certificates of core competence as long as they pass the standardized test.

In the UK, the national general vocational qualification certificate stipulates that a GNVQ unit can be divided into two categories: vocational unit and core competence unit. Occupation unit is divided into three types: compulsory occupation unit, elective occupation unit and supplementary occupation unit. The core competence units are divided into two types: compulsory core competence and elective core competence. To obtain a GNVQ certificate, students must pass a prescribed number of required and elective vocational units and three required core competence units. Table 2 is the table of the number of units required to pass the general national vocational qualification certificates at each level. It can be seen that, regardless of the category of certification bodies, in GNVQ of the same name and level, elective vocational units can be different, but compulsory vocational units and compulsory core skills are the same, which directly runs through the core competence development of the entire national vocational qualification system.

This approach is mainly in the teaching of vocational education courses in the UK, where students can learn core competence through compulsory and optional vocational units in activities, plans and scheduled work.

In the report of Core Skills 16-19 issued by the national curriculum council in 1990, it was pointed out that Core competence should be included in the curriculum learning of all students aged 16-19. That same year, the national vocational qualifications council also published a new document, Common Leaming out-come: Core Skills in ALAS Levels and NVQ. The document states that the core competencies of 16- to 19-year-olds in general education, which are increasingly involved and carried out in GCSECS and a-level qualifications, should be developed by linking them to general qualifications.

Britain is planned and step by step for the cultivation of core competence, operational, to practice, to launch the power of the whole society including the government, education institutions, research institutions and industries, such as joint development, introduced form a complete set of policy and system to ensure that the core ability in the promotion of the whole society, develop the core competence evaluation is operational and practical evaluation mechanism to promote the core ability training development effectively. Combined with the practical situation of vocational education in China, the following enlightenment can be obtained from the successful experience of core competence cultivation in Britain. First, the government should attach importance to the role of vocational education in the national education system and take its due responsibility in promoting the development of core competence. Should constantly improve the vocational education law, introduced some promote core competence training policy and rules and regulations, such as: for teenagers to core competence training plan, to set up a unified system of professional qualification certificate and the realization of the phase connectivity of general education and vocational education, realize the core ability of course credits generality, approved the establishment of core competence training appraisal certification institutions, these measures can promote the core ability training well, but the implementation of these measures is inseparable from the government policy support by the competent department of education. The government should coordinate the relationship between educational institutions and industrial enterprises, so that the two can be well coordinated into the core capacity development work; In addition, the government should strengthen publicity to make individuals realize the importance and necessity of cultivating core professional abilities, and let individuals take the initiative to participate in the training of core professional abilities to continuously improve their qualities and abilities. Second, the promotion of core competence needs the coordination and cooperation of multiple departments and the strong support from schools, enterprises, employment departments and training institutions, instead of relying only on the training provided by the assessment and certification bodies. The educational institutions carrying out core competence training should include not only specialized core competence training institutions, but also vocational colleges, some general education schools and universities. Industry enterprises should actively participate in the training of core competence. Third, improve the supporting system and integrate core competence courses through multiple channels. China is now in the initial stage of the development of core capabilities, the system is not perfect. We can draw lessons from the practice of the UK, we will establish a unified system of professional qualification certificate, according to different industry professional set up the professional qualification certificate of all types and at all levels, on this basis, to build nurturing core competence system of common adaptive ability, the system should be integrated into the basic education, general education, vocational education and other kinds of education and training, should be appropriate in these types of education set a percentage of the core competence curriculum. Fourth, further improve the core competence standard system. The success or failure of the development of core competence depends on the standard of core competence. The establishment of a relatively complete standard system of core competence is an important reason for the success of the development of core competence in Britain. But our country's core competence standard in the appraisal content, the appraisal standard and the appraisal basis and so on aspect stipulation are rough and needs to be refined, its standard system is extremely imperfect, after strengthens this aspect research and the construction appears very necessary.

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Essay代写：Informatization of American agriculture

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Informatization of American agriculture，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国农业的信息化。美国作为世界电子信息产业的第一大国，农业信息化是在信息技术和市场经济高度发达的背景下，与整个社会的信息化同步发展的。美国政府以其雄厚的经济实力，从农业信息网络建设、农业信息资源开发利用和农业信息技术应用等方面全方位推进农业信息化建设，构建了五大政府信息机构为主体的国家、地区、州三级农业信息网，形成了完整、健全、规范的农业信息服务体系。

The modern agriculture foundation of developed countries is good, the informationization infrastructure is perfect, the industrialization degree is high, the market mechanism is perfect, the characteristics, the experience and the development rule of the foreign agricultural informationization development are analyzed deeply and systematicly, which has the important reference value in guiding our country to carry out the agricultural informationization work.

The United States is currently one of the most developed country in agriculture, before the industrial revolution, the intensification of agricultural production, automation, industrialization of agricultural management, organization, agricultural products marketing, electronic transactions, agricultural logistics systematization, agricultural socialization service, enterprise, agricultural management into the open, transparent, in-depth analysis of the United States in the agricultural production, management, information management and service features of our country has a reference significance for the construction of this aspect.

As the largest country in the electronic information industry in the world, agricultural informatization develops synchronously with the informatization of the whole society under the background of highly developed information technology and market economy. The U.S. government for its solid economic strength, from the agricultural information network construction, the agricultural information resources development and utilization and agricultural information technology application and so on omni-directional to promote agricultural informatization, constructed by national agricultural bureau, bureau of economic research, world agricultural outlook board, the agricultural market service and foreign agriculture and so on five big government information institutions as the main body of national, regional, state, three agriculture information network, formed a complete and perfect, standardization of agricultural information service system.

American government attaches great importance to the construction of agricultural informatization network infrastructure. Since the mid-1990s, American government has allocated 1.5 billion us dollars annually for the construction of agricultural informatization network for technology promotion and online application. In 2007 the number of American farms with Internet access rose from 51% in 2005 to 55%. The number of farms that own or rent computers rose to 59% from 55% in 2005. High-speed Internet is becoming more common in rural America, with the proportion using dial-up Internet dropping from 69% in 2005 to 47% today. ADSL, optical cable, satellite and wireless Internet are more widely used. The number of ADSL Internet users has reached 27 percent in rural areas, double that of 2005, and the number of optical cable, satellite and wireless Internet users has also increased to 7 percent.

With the rapid development of Internet and computer technology, the United States has realized the socialized sharing of agricultural data resources by using automatic control technology and network technology. In terms of the collection and storage of agricultural data resources, the United States takes the government as the main body to build a large-scale and influential agriculture-related information data center, and comprehensively collects, sorts out and preserves a large number of agricultural data resources related to the United States and the world. Take American AGNET system as an example: this system is the world famous agricultural computer network system at present. Created by the university of Nebraska in 1975, the system is owned by developers of more than 200 applications for a variety of USES, covering 46 states and connecting the U.S. department of agriculture, agriculture departments in 15 states, 36 universities and a large number of agribusinesses. Users can connect to and share AGNET data and software resources from their home phone, TV, or microcomputer with a dedicated device. In addition, AGRIS, produced by the food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, contain more than 100,000 references on agricultural science and technology; CRIS is an information research system that provides research abstracts from U.S. agricultural research institutes, test stations, and universities. The national crop variety resource information management system stores information on 600,000 plant resource samples and can provide services to breeders nationwide. In addition, the United States has national agricultural database, national oceanic and atmospheric administration database, geological survey database and other large-scale and influential agriculturally related information data centers. These databases implement the policy of "full and open" sharing, which brings high quality, high efficiency and high efficiency to American agricultural production.

COMAX/GOSSYM is one of the most successful agricultural expert systems in the United States. The system was developed by the United States department of agriculture and the national cotton council in October 1986 to recommend field management practices to cotton growers. It is a model-based expert system with a GOSSYM model that simulates the growth and development of cotton and the transfer of moisture and nutrients in the soil. The model has been successfully applied in cotton production areas such as the Mississippi River delta and the south Carolina coast. These areas are in the rainy season at the cotton harvest. By accurately informing the date of cotton ripening through the system, farmers can complete the cotton harvest before the arrival of the rainy season to obtain the highest yield. In recent years, the university of California, Davis has made further improvements to COMAX. The CALEX system they developed in the initial stage was used for cotton production management. The system is available on 450 California farms, called CALEX/COTTON. Later they made CALEX/PEACHES for peach garden management and CALEX/RICE for RICE production management. Among them, CALEX/RICE can retrieve data from meteorological database and California pesticide database through the Internet.

At present, the United States has developed some computer simulation decision system, and used in agricultural production, such as: the United States crop simulation system, in addition to simulate soil moisture change, crop growth, etc., but also can simulate the germination date and other development process; Florida state university developed the agricultural and environmental decision support system (ae-gis), which coupled crop simulation model with GIS. The university of Hawaii has developed a DSSAT system that integrates crop, soil and climate data, using simulation model techniques to evaluate different management measures and assess their impact on the environment and sustainable development. In addition, the U.S. department of agriculture's GPFARM system is based on a simulation model that integrates economic, environmental, and sustainable development goals to provide decision support to production decision makers.

American agricultural equipment design and manufacturing technology has become mature, agricultural equipment quickly to large, high-speed, double work, man-machine harmony and comfort design direction. A variety of intelligent agricultural equipment, such as harvesting, sowing, fertilizing and spraying machines, have entered the international market. Trimble ez-guide system and AutoSteer system can realize intelligent navigation and automatic driving in farmland operation. The CenterLine Guidance Lightbar system of mid-tech in the United States can navigate in a straight line and a curved line. FieldPilot, the company's operation control and automatic driving system, can be configured into precise variable fertilization, variable spray and other operation control systems as required, and realize intelligent navigation and automatic driving of operation engineering at the same time. In addition, Beeline Technologies' Beeline system, which enables autonomous driving, has been used and praised in large farms in North America. Compared with other precision agriculture operation systems, the application of farmland operation navigation system technology is simple and clear, without the need for prior information collection, data processing and decision analysis. Moreover, the application effect of automatic navigation system is determined and obvious, so it is easy to be adopted by large-scale commercial planting farmers. Beginning in 1995, the global positioning system -equipped combine harvester was used on some regional farms. With electronic sensors and global positioning satellites, these machines can record almost every square meter of output and other information during the harvest season without interruption. This allows the farm to map yields across the land and weed out low-yielding varieties. In 1996, 29 percent of U.S. farm service providers offered a gps-enabled sampling network; by 2002, that had increased to 50 percent. According to a 2007 survey conducted by purdue university, 76% of respondents used precision agriculture technology, among which 64% used GPS navigation system, 20% used geographic information system and satellite/aerial image data, and 10% used GPS autopilot system and soil conductivity measurement system.

The agricultural information service system of the United States mainly consists of four main bodies: the agricultural information collection and release system of government departments; Agricultural education and scientific research extension system supported by the government; A company system integrating scientific research, production and promotion; Farm - based civil self - service organization system.

Usda believes that if a large amount of market and production information is not organized by government departments, the fairness, timeliness and authenticity of information use cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, although many private companies release market information to the society, the ministry of agriculture has established a huge market information network throughout the country to collect and release official information. Since its establishment in 1862, the United States department of agriculture has formed a large, complete and sound information system and established a global electronic information network with advanced means and extensive access. The agricultural information system in the United States is made up of five departments: the national bureau of agricultural statistics service and state agricultural statistics offices; Bureau of economic research; World agricultural prospects committee; Agricultural market service bureau; foreign agricultural bureau. Respectively responsible for collecting, processing, and processing the national and global agricultural information, the coordination of the United States department of agriculture commodity forecasting project and remote sensing, provide market research report, the present situation and economic statistical data and special reports, for the agriculture to provide comprehensive, accurate, objective state agricultural information and services, to ensure that the dominant position in the American agricultural products in the world market.

The system mainly includes two departments: one is the agricultural research service of the federal department of agriculture, which includes the national academy of agricultural sciences and the national agricultural library. The national agricultural library has a national agricultural website information center, agricultural database and technical standard database. Second is to grant land university as the center, with the county cooperation promotion system. The extension of scientific research results is mainly carried out through the agricultural cooperative extension station established by the land-grant university and the first cooperation.

Mainly some private of large or multinational companies, they are the executive main body of agricultural commercialization, industrialization of science and technology, mainly concentrated in the field of development and commercialization of innovative technology, integrating scientific research, promotion, management, by providing technical and externality of the smaller products to make profits, is a kind of fully market-oriented behavior.

This self-organized non-governmental agricultural socialized service provides strong peripheral protection for American agricultural products to dominate the domestic and foreign markets. This kind of civil organization is a variety of professional associations, which focus on providing macro, wide range, long-term countermeasures and methods; The other is the private nature of the dominant decision-making advisory institutions, which mainly focus on providing micro, specific, short-term, deep into each link of agriculture services. The two constitute the socialized service system of American folk agriculture.

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