本篇paper代写- British isolationist diplomatic thought讨论了英国的孤立主义外交思想。英国作为一个岛国，外交重现实而轻理想。从都铎王朝开始到如今的英国脱欧，孤立主义是英国外交的一条主线，具有与生俱来的特点。孤立主义是一种可进退的外交理念，只要不涉及英国的重大利益，就尽可能保持在欧洲之外，英国愈是强大，孤立主义愈发明显，并成为试图控制欧洲局势乃至世界局势的一种手段。英国的孤立主义不是理想主义外交理念的体现，而是交织于现实主义的外交政策之中。英国脱盟也是英国孤立主义外交思想的涌动。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。
As an island nation, Britain values reality over ideals in diplomacy. From the beginning of the Tudor dynasty to the recent brexit, "isolationism" has been a main line of British diplomacy with inherent characteristics. "Isolationism" is a diplomatic concept that can be advanced or withdrawn. As long as it does not involve Britain's major interests, it should be kept outside Europe as far as possible. The stronger Britain is, the more obvious "isolationism" becomes, and it becomes a means of trying to control the situation in Europe and even the world. British isolationism is not the embodiment of the ideal foreign policy, but interweaves in the realistic foreign policy. Britain's departure from the eu is a surge of isolationist diplomatic thinking.
British isolationism diplomatic problem was discussed, the first two points: one is the British foreign policy has multiple dimensions, do not always reflect isolationism, even during the period of the idea of isolationism prevailed, in one's hand still has a different voice, for example, sol the marquis last term widely referred to as "splendid isolation" period, but as prime minister he never use the word "splendid isolation". Second, British politicians' diplomatic propositions have multiple dimensions, which cannot be simply defined as rigid isolationism or interventionism. For example, glastonbury was the main representative who opposed British interference in external affairs, but actively interfered in Egypt. Palmerston was the originator of gunboat diplomacy, but he also advocated keeping out of European wars and not going anywhere. British isolationism is not the embodiment of the ideal foreign policy, but interweaves in the realistic foreign policy. As an island nation, Britain values reality over ideals in diplomacy. In the author's opinion, in terms of Britain's European affairs, from the beginning of the Tudor dynasty to the recent brexit, isolationism's influence on the British foreign policy has been prominent or hidden by turns, but it has been working all the time.
The Tudor dynasty was the formation period of the British nation state and the beginning of the modern history of Britain. The hundred years war between Britain and France was the driving force of the formation of the British nation state. The war not only ended the political pattern of the British king "governing by sea" since the Norman conquest, but also ended the status of the vassal of the French king and his covetousness for the French throne, and turned to focus on the internal management of the British mainland. As the defeated party of the hundred years war between Britain and France, Britain lost all the French territories outside the port of Calais, which can be said to be a complete failure. But it also ended Britain's territorial dispute with France and the idea of taking over continental Europe. In short, from the beginning of the Tudor dynasty, Britain had little idea of competing for European territory in foreign affairs. The main purpose of the relationship with Europe was to protect the British mainland from the invasion of continental powers and maintain its economic and trade interests in the continent and the world. Therefore, maintaining the balance of power in Europe, being independent from Europe and trying not to get involved in the European war have become the basic principles of Britain's relations with Europe. From such a perspective, the British "isolationist" diplomatic thought is "inherent", which dates back to the founding of the British nation state. In other words, when Britain started to go out into the world and carry out modern diplomatic activities, it made clear the positioning of British diplomacy according to the historical geographical situation. Isolationism is an idea that can be pushed back and forth, and the stronger Britain becomes, the more it becomes apparent and becomes a means of trying to control the situation in Europe and the world.
Henry vii practiced peaceful diplomacy, tried to avoid being involved in European disputes and tried to improve relations with European countries. Henry vii had two sons and two daughters. His eldest son, Arthur, married princess Catherine of Spain. After Arthur died of illness, he arranged for his second son, Henry, to marry his sister-in-law, Catherine. His eldest daughter, Margaret, was married to king James iv of Scotland, and his youngest daughter, Mary, was first engaged to Charles, the eldest grandson of the holy Roman emperor, Maximilian I.
Later in Henry viii's reign, Britain became involved in military conflicts in Europe, mainly in response to the threat of European powers against Britain or the conquest of wales, Ireland and Scotland. That is to say, Henry viii's foreign wars were mainly limited to the need to consolidate the British homeland, rather than to seek the expansion of the European continent. Henry viii's Britain began to emerge as one of the great powers of Europe, but one of the greatest threats to him remained the great power of the time, France. As early as 1295, Scotland signed the Auld Alliance with France. In 1513, James iv of Scotland invaded the north of England in keeping with an "old alliance" dating back more than 200 years. On July 1, 1543, England forced Scotland to sign the Greenwich treaty in order to break this "old alliance" and strive for favorable conditions for French relations. The main purpose of the treaty was to realize Henry viii's plan to merge the two countries. According to the treaty, England made peace with Scotland, Mary I, daughter of James v of Scotland, married Edward vi of England, and their descendants would inherit the throne of the kingdom of England and the kingdom of Scotland. Mary will be accompanied by an aristocratic English family until she is ten, and will live in England until she is married to Edward. However, the Scottish parliament rejected the treaty on 11 December, and Mary I's mother strongly opposed the marriage, sending her back to her native France to be raised. This led to eight years of conflict between Britain and the Soviet union, known as Rough Wooing.
England was involved in the spanish-french war because of the marriage of Mary I, the eldest daughter of Henry viii, to king Philip ii of Spain. Therefore, Elizabeth I firmly remembered this historical lesson and only used marriage as a means to communicate relations between major countries, but did not accept the proposal of European royal family to ensure the diplomatic independence of Britain.
On July 6, 1560, the treaty of Edinburgh signed by Britain, France and the Soviet union was an important node in Elizabeth I's foreign relations. At this point, the threat of franco-soviet alliance was eliminated, and Spain replaced France as Britain's biggest enemy. Spain is Europe's maritime hegemon and colonial power, which is bound to collide head-on with Britain, which has the same needs. After the uprising of the Netherlands in 1566, Spain took a crackdown on the Netherlands, and Britain believed that once Spain controlled the Netherlands, it would directly threaten the security of Britain. To make Britain more anxious, Spain firmly supported the Catholic forces in Britain, murdered Elizabeth I and replaced her with Mary of Scotland. After Elizabeth I executed Mary, king Philip ii of Spain directly demanded the British throne. In this context, Britain began to fall out with its former Allies, most famously in the naval battle between England and Spain in 1588, when Britain finally defeated the so-called Armada and won.
Elizabethan Britain had grown into a European power. If we say that the nation state was still in the process of formation in the period of Henry viii, Britain sometimes could not completely get rid of the "diplomatic" thinking in the middle ages. By the later period of Elizabeth I, the nation state in Britain had been forged and matured. Three generations of Tudor monarchs, Henry vii, Henry viii, and Elizabeth I, accomplished the most important task of creating a nation state. Under the framework of the nation-state, the diplomatic thinking of Britain has become more and more clear, and the isolationist diplomatic thought has been developing continuously, becoming the traditional thought of British diplomacy. This isolationist thought is mainly reflected in: in European affairs, as long as it does not involve Britain's fundamental interests, it will try to stay out of the European war; To maintain the balance of power in Europe mainly through peaceful means of diplomatic mediation. We will protect overseas colonies and seek maximum economic and trade benefits in the world. During the Stuart dynasty, the British political culture changed greatly, but the isolationist diplomatic thought was still obvious. In the European wars of the 1930s, Britain basically took a wait-and-see attitude. After the thirty years' war, France under the rule of Louis xiv became the real hegemon of the European continent. The Netherlands had the monopoly power of maritime trade, and its business empire was in the ascendant, seriously threatening the maritime trade and colonial expansion of Britain. To this end, the British diplomatic efforts to avoid the European continent's edge, further promote mercantilist diplomacy, vigorously develop the naval force, for the future British empire preparation conditions. After the three anglo-dutch wars, Britain gained the control of the world's oceans and trade. The former maritime powers, such as Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands, were surpassed by Britain one by one, and Britain's status as a maritime power in the world has been determined. As a result, Britain became more concerned with overseas trade and colonial interests, and less easily involved in European disputes.
On July 9, 1686, Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, savoy, Bavaria, Saxony and other countries established an alliance in augsburg, Germany, in order to curb the expansion of France. On September 24, 1688, the French invaded palatinate and the allied war broke out. James ii stayed out of the anti-french camp as he tried to restore Catholic and authoritarian rule in Britain in the hope of gaining the support of king Louis xiv. In 1689, the arrival of Mary, the eldest daughter of James ii, and William, the Dutch husband, into the British monarchy dragged Britain into the dutch-led anti-french alliance. Therefore, the glorious revolution prompted a change in British diplomacy: Britain began to get involved in the affairs of the European continent, and then the war of succession of Spain, the war of succession of Austria, the seven years' war, and the Napoleonic war, in which Britain was the main participant and the target was mainly France. Even so, Britain was "half-hearted" in the war. For example, in the first coalition war against France, Britain was only willing to pay money instead of sending troops. The foreign secretary glenville even said that young people leaving their jobs to fight in the war would cause the stagnation of British industry and reduce Britain's natural strength.
It should be pointed out that the above wars are different from the dynastic wars in the middle ages. From the very beginning, nation-states have turned wars into wars between countries, and countries fought for national interests through wars. Until the 20th century, European countries regarded wars as a means to pursue their own interests, and fought for territories, resources and wealth at any cost. Of course, Britain's intervention is still not for the sake of territorial interests in the European continent, which is fundamentally different from other participating countries. The purpose of Britain is still for the security of its homeland, hoping to curb the hegemony of France and promote its own commercial interests through the balance of power in Europe. On November 20, 1815, France signed the second treaty of Paris and the treaty of the alliance of four countries with the seventh anti-french alliance, ending the Napoleonic wars. Britain defeated its arch-enemy France through this war. Since Louis xiv, the great pressure on Britain caused by the French hegemony in Europe has been eliminated. From then on, Britain firmly maintained its world hegemony and stepped into the glorious days of the 19th century.
In 19th century Britain has strong inherent fragility, it must rely on external resources to support their strong, diplomatic expression comes out is not national relations as the main factors of foreign policy, but to fully protect the interests of the empire and the safety of sea lanes, trying to maintain the continent's peace at the same time, avoid involvement in the war. In this period of vulnerability, Britain tried to control the situation in Europe and even the world through isolationism.
The g4 treaty wants to restructure a new alliance with Britain to replace the "holy alliance" of Russia, Austria and Austria, which see the European revolution as a threat to the post-war order, so the big powers should be ready to crush the revolution. Britain's foreign secretary, John castlerre, argued that the victors should establish a regular mechanism of consultation to preserve peace in Europe, but that the g4 treaty was a guarantee of the implementation of the Paris peace treaty, not a document of interference in the internal affairs of other European countries. Britain's job is to co-ordinate relations between Europe's big powers to ensure peace, not to interfere in continental affairs. Known as the "father of the system of regular meetings", it was in Britain's interest to keep the peace in Europe through consultation, and it did play a role in keeping the peace in Europe, especially after France's participation. This mechanism has since found more expression in the league of nations and the United Nations.
In January 1820, colonel liangelo, an aristocratic Spanish officer, established a revolutionary government and announced the restoration of the 1812 constitution. On May 5th the cabinet released a report drawn up by Mr Castlerre. "Nothing weakens or even destroys the true function of an alliance more than trying to go beyond its concepts and principles of responsibility and obligation," the report states. "The current situation in Spain has undoubtedly contributed significantly to the political turmoil in Europe," castresto stressed in the house of Commons, but there is still much uncertainty about intervention in Spanish affairs, and "the alliance has never been a world government, or interfering in the internal affairs of other countries."
In August 1822, before he was due to take office as foreign secretary, canning laid out Britain's basic position on the Spanish question: we need not take part in the struggle on either side, but only be firm and unwavering spectators in it. All nations for themselves, and god for all. As soon as he became foreign secretary, he gave instructions to the duke of Wellington: at the verona conference on Spanish intervention, he stated publicly that "whatever happens, Britain will not be a member of the intervention". On March 31, 1848, palmerston, a leading British foreign policy hardliner, told parliament that his duty as foreign secretary was to not recklessly hold Britain to account for terrible wars. In April 1848, he wrote to queen Victoria: in the succession of great events in Europe, the policy of the British government was to wait and see, to avoid unnecessary involvement or involvement. In the house of Commons foreign affairs debate on July 20, 1866, foreign secretary Stanley g. Our policy is to observe, not to act, and not to intervene by force.
In 1868, when a new revolution broke out in Spain, Prussia gave the provisional Spanish government the mandate to make Leopold, cousin of king William of Prussia, the new king. This meant that the hohensollens would take over Spain, which was bound to provoke a fierce reaction from France. Britain saw Prussia as a counterweight to France, and a prussian-led Germany as a solid and reliable partner. Britain therefore asserted to the outside world that no great power had the right to interfere with the Spanish people's right to choose a new monarch.
要想成绩好，英国论文得写好，51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯，专业辅导，还为你提供专业英国essay代写，paper代写，report代写，需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ：800020041或者Wechat：Abby0900吧。
