assignment写作及修改润色技巧

留学生们的作业，统称为assignment，其中大部分都跟写作有关。assignment是非常系统性的作业，每一部分和环节都是环环相扣的，所以同学们在写作的过程中一定要注意细节。下面就给大家讲解一下assignment写作及修改润色技巧。

1、assignment资料查阅技巧

目前最常用的参考资料查阅方法是textbook + Online DataBase模式。具体的应用方法为：根据你essay、assignment或report的写作要求，然后在你这门课的推荐书里找到相关话题的书/chapter/article。课程相关的textbook，找到具体相关的章节/段落。还有，可以适当利用授课教师的PPT课件和lecture notes，找到和essay有关的内容。

2、assignment写作技巧

了解读懂题目。导师的assignment一般都有明确的题目和要求，所以assignment写作的第一步就是读题。首先要明确导师提出的题目和learning outcome。

明确结构。考虑好文章要写几部分，哪些部分要详写，哪些内容可以一笔带过。例如一篇要求2500字的assignment，正文部分打算分成三部分，除去Introduction和conclusion部分必要的400-500字符，其他三部分各写700字符左右就可以了。

确立论点。如果有明确的论点，写作时候根据论点展开论述就行了。如果导师没有明确具体的learning outcome，而是给出一个理论范围要求进行分析。首先我们明确这个理论有具体的哪几个点，然后再围绕这几个点详细分析。

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操刀（笔）写作。结构与论点确定以后，就可以开始写作了。写作过程要注意以下几点：

· 文章里禁止用缩写，例如：can’t应该写成cannot；

· 每段之间空一行，首句不空格；

· 避免用口语词汇和表达方法；

· 避免使用太过生僻的词语，但用词要专业；

· 能用一句话表达清楚就不要用两句 ；

· 文章的Introduction要阐明自己的观点和立场，也就是你的Thesis Statement，尽量不要在文章或段落的开头使用问句；

· 业知识和词汇使用要正确 ；

· 文章字数控制在规定字数内，不得多于或少于150；

· 举例非常重要，但是要符合论点 ；

· 按照文章要求写，没有要求Abstract或者标题的就不用写；

· 文章里禁止使用第一人称或第二人称，保持论证的客观性。

一般来讲，assignment的结构确定了，就可以开始行文写作。这对于native学生，可能不是很难，自己组织语言，自由发挥。

3、assignment润色技巧

合理安排review时间。在文章刚写完的时候，往往会有一种成就感，不容易发现文中的错误。因此，revision最后在文章写完一天后再做。

善于辩证的否定自己。修改之前都要考虑一个问题，如果自己是老师，喜欢看到什么类型的文章。若发现文章写的不尽人意，要及时修正，不能怕麻烦。正文修改完成以后一定要回过头来检查Abstract和conclusion部分是否需要调整。

检查结构。检查文章逻辑上是否有错误、内容布局是否合理、章节号是否正确。

最后写Abstract。assignment写作过程避免不了修改，可能需要一次两次，甚至多次，只有写作完成以后，才会清楚文章具体涉及哪些内容，才能写出最合适的Abstract。

以上就是关于assignment的写作及修改润色讲解，希望可以帮到同学们更好地完成assignment。

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更多关于留学生作业代写的内容，点开主页栏目，即可快速获取论文代写相关资讯，如果各位有留学生作业代写需求，可以咨询24小时客服QQ：800020041，为您详细解答。

英国留学生该怎么写好Summary

想必英国留学生都知道Summary是什么吧，大多数英国论文都有Summary部分，所以掌握好Summary部分的写作是必要的。Summary是对论文的内容进行概括，但必须要简明，所以非常考验同学们的表达能力。那么如何才能写好Summary呢？下面就给大家讲解一下。

一、Summary写作注意的要点

简洁：不要将举例、说明或其他不重要的以及不必要的细节写进概要里。

长度：是原文的1/4或1/3。

全面：用自己的话将内容要点以精简的方式写出来。

准确：要点写作注意是写原作的观点和态度。

连贯：与只列举重点词或词组的描述不同，概要写作以段落为单位，过渡词的使用不可或缺，这样的结构让文章读起来更通顺。

http://www.51due.net/online-tutoring/writing-skills/sample32335.html

二、Book Summary怎么写

Book Summary是国外很多老师在布置Book Review或者Book Report作业的时候经常会写到。这里就给大家说说这Book Summary该如何去写。当留学生们读完了老师要求读完的书或者文章之后就可以开始写作业了，用自己的话来讲述这本书或者这篇文章的基本内容，比如主角都有谁，事情在哪发生等等。假如来到了一家书店或图书馆，即便你忘掉了书的名字，只要回忆出足够的信息，就可以请店员或图书管理员帮助你找出目标书目。

所以简单总结的话，故事梗概写作要不蔓不枝、扼要贴题。概要内容要有核心要素及简要情节介绍，要点全且不失语境；开门见山地点明故事的中心思想，删除细节，只留主要观点。

三、Chapter Summary的写作特点

Chapter Summary也就是章节概述，那么我们该如何定义Chapter Summary呢？章节概述就是一本书主要内容之精华，讲述故事的重点，点明首要角色、次要角色，写清故事发生的地点。后面的章节概述可能还会简要回顾发生在前几个章节里的事件。

章节概述非常有用，因为章节概述可以帮助你回忆起论文或读书报告中需要用到的重要事件或关键人物。

以上就是关于Summary的写作讲解，大家在平常的学习生活中也可以多多练习，对于英语写作能力较弱的同学，也是一种提升写作水平的方法。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

paper代写-Lady Mary Wroth And Jane Austin In The Era Of British Renaissance

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Lady Mary Wroth And Jane Austin In The Era Of British Renaissance，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了玛丽·罗斯和简·奥斯汀。玛丽·罗斯和简·奥斯是英国文艺复兴时期的两位伟大的女性作家。玛丽·罗斯的作品是英国妇女写的早期浪漫主义散文。而简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》中对女性独立人格的叙述和描写也塑造了一个成熟而独特的婚恋观念。

I. Introduction

The British Renaissance is largely dominated by male writers. But Lady Mary Wroth and Jane Austin ignore this sort of dominance and become two great female writers of the British Renaissance. The work by Lady Mary Wroth The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania is the early romantic essay written by the British women. Also, Jane Austin 's narrative and description of women' s independent character of Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice also shapes a woman image with mature and unique view of marriage and love . In this article, it is to analyze literary achievements and potential feminism in her work, their background, social status, and relations with contemporary men of Lady Mary Wroth---an outstanding poetess, and another female writer Jane Austin .

​http://www.51due.net/writing/research-paper/sample32333.html

II. Body

Lady Mary Wroth and Jane Austin are living in the era when the old and new century is alternating with a variety of ideas in conflict with each other, and they both have experienced some unfortunate events in their life. At that time the British’s production has made great progress after the industrial revolution, but at the same time, there are more complex social contradictions. Mary Wroth was largely invisible, and not famous early modern woman writer( Salzman). Women basically can not engage in any occupation, and the only way out for them is to get married. The majority of the female characters in Urania are loyal but by contrast, the men are not constant (Dorrego, 105). Also, living in such era, the value of their literature was greatly underestimated in their time given the social background then. One of the most prominent problems of the period in which Lady Mary Wroth and Jane Austin are living is the disparity and inequality between men and women 's social status. Just the famous remarks in Pride and Prejudice said，“a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife”（Austen，4）. However, in that materialistic era, marriage is not based on feelings. Regardless of men and women, when the marriage are considered, the property and wealth of each other is the first matter to be considered. This kind of marriages based on money make people's feelings suppressed, and especially the feelings of women are suppressed. But humanism and enlightenment thinkers’ idea on freedom, democracy, equality and so on at that time also had an impact on them. In order to vent their feelings, they had to resort to imagination. Austen 's novels and Lady Mary Wroth 's work are the product of the times. They not only record the development of society changes---the grander social context, but also is based on the author's life experience. Lady Mary Wroth was born in the prominent Sidney family. Her family gave her a lot of warmth, but her setbacks in marriage and brought her a lot of trouble. As for Jane Austen, she also has a relaxed and warm family environment. More importantly, the whole family loves reading novels so that she can have unregulated freedom reading his father’s books on bookshelves. There is no doubt that such a family atmosphere has cultivated Jane Austin 's interest in novels. As the age grows, family members are gradually leaving their parents' homes because of their careers and marriage, and her aging is more and more frequently reminding her of the obligations the society has given her and the importance of money. In her work Pride and Prejudice, the marriageable woman’s anxiety of their own status and love can be seen clearly in the five sisters of Bennett. All over Jane Austen ’s life, she is unmarried, and lives a thrifty life of squire class. Thus, the living space of her is very small, and lacks the romantic atmosphere. However, these did not stop them from becoming the female writers. They used novels and poems to tell their own life.

As two female writers of the Renaissance era, Lady Mary Wroth and Jane Austin's literary achievements are very great and compelling. Mary Wroth is the first women writer of prose fiction in Britain (Dorrego, 105). The knowledge and proficiency of rhythm shown by Mary Wroth in her poems was praised by contemporary literary critics. In addition, Lady Mary Wroth broke the literary tradition of the sonnets with the depiction of women. In the traditional sonnets, men tend to express their inner feelings in a free and bold manner. By contrast, women are often quiet, and do not express their feelings directly. In Lady Mary Wroth 's writing, the female characters of The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania are no longer some shy, ruthless and cold woman in the traditional sonnet depicted by the author. But they are written to have the initiative and their own thoughts, and the courage to express their feelings from their own point of view. This is a literary innovation and creation of the new female image. This is one part of literary achievements of Lady Mary Wroth and it is also true of Jane Austin---another female novelist and author of Pride and Prejudice in the the Renaissance era. Pride and Prejudice is a world-famous masterpiece(Pei, Fu, & Huang, 147).

Elizabeth Bennett, the main female figure of Pride and Prejudice was energetic, straightforward, pretentious, and emotional. And ultimately through the attainment of the ideal marriage, she gets the life she want. Jane Austen is like a skilled craftsman, and take the trouble to make the ordinary trivia and ordinary people behave so lifelike. In addition, Jane Austin in the novel Pride and Prejudice is marked by excellent central themes and ideas. She is not in favor of the practice of mere consideration of social status and money in marriage, although the practice is rather popular as mentioned above. At the same time, she does not agree with the kind of popular marriage in society that only focuses on lover. In the novel, through the Elizabeth and other women's images, she expressed her own view of marriage. She argued that marriage should be based on love and reason at first. For women who are going to have a marriage, it is necessary to consider the material interests, but they also need to take into account their feelings. By this, they can adhere to equality and dignity of their own personality before men. In short, it is to balance the money and feelings. It shows that renaissance literature began to attach importance to human emotions. But she did not deny the role of reason and rational feelings, to which Austen has attached the importance for the female life. Elizabeth tells her sister Jane one great difference between them: she will never be surprised at compliments, unlike her(Austen, 11).It can be seen She opposed the excessive love, and did not agree with the emotional indulgence. Thus, Austin is in fact advocating harmony between love and reason, that is, to maintain the balance of reason and emotion. Her idea is not only advancing in history, but also the age that she lives. This has made Pride and Prejudice become a great pioneering work.

In their classic works The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania and Pride and Prejudice, they have either expressed their thoughts freely or created independent female images, which expressed feminism tone in their works. In the period and ear of Lady Mary Wroth and Jane Austin , the beauty of women is the most commendable quality in the society dominated by the men. And a free thought of women , and their courage and dare to express their views are not welcomed and appreciated by the community. Mary Wroth ’s Urania (1621) deals with rather complex gender issue with the use of irony（Percec, 316）. Lady Mary Wroth 's behavior and her is dealing with gender issues in a ironical manner. Limena once said that "what should we trust, when man the excellentest creature, doth excell in ill?... men's words are onely breath, their oathes winde, and vowes water" (Roberts, ed. 228). It tells the female and the society that women can not only can learn the skills of writing, but also by this art of writing , they can be free to express their point of view of gender issues. She depicts the adulterous women --- Limena as "virtuous" as she thinks that adultery can be forgiven when it is the result of unfair treatment from their husbands or fathers(Figueroa, 106). So Lady Mary Wroth can be seen as a feminist representative of the Renaissance in Britain. This is a challenge of Mary Wroth and Jane Austin on the literary and social traditions of the time. Elizabeth Bennett, as a character of Pride and Prejudice, believes firmly in her values and confidently trusts her ability to discern others(Henderson, 3). In the novel, she suggested that women should keep the balance of money and feelings, and the balance of reason and emotion in marriage. In fact, she is hoping that they are to obtain a double harmony in the spirit and material aspect. They are not only going beyond the traditional boundaries to write secular love and romance of people, but also having the courage to publish their own works. Thus, through the work The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania and Pride and Prejudice, they are shown as challenges to the traditional social norms but also bold challenges to patriarchal society. It is through this challenge that people see the view of two new female writers on women 's social status, that is, women want to express themselves’ emotions and views of the women ‘s right to freedom, which is precisely reflected in their then literary works.

To sum up, Lady Mary Wroth and Jane Austin are great writers in the history of British literature, and also the early feminist representative. Their literary achievements are very great and compelling with their works The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania and Pride and Prejudice admired by later generations all over the world. However，in their era, the literary achievement of Lady Mary Wroth and Jane Austin is greatly undermined. During the turbulent life of the Renaissance era and unfortunate events of their life, Lady Mary Wroth and Jane Austin as two great female writers of the British Renaissance lived tenaciously, showing extraordinary courage of women and created a series of quality works to utter their thoughts with a feminism tone in their works The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania and Pride and Prejudice despite that there is disparity and inequality between men and women 's social status. The depiction of characters of The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania and Pride and Prejudice such as adulterous women --- Limena being "virtuous" and Elizabeth’s unique view of marriage and love is fully showing their feminist tones. Those make Mary Wroth and Jane Austin become two outstanding feminist representatives of the Renaissance in Britain literary history, who challenge the literary and social traditions of the time in a brave and bold manner with the theme expressed in the main characters in The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania and Pride and Prejudice.

Works Cited

Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice.The Project Gutenberg EBook. (1998). 4,11

Dorrego, Jorge Figueroa. "Men's Inconstancy in the Prose Fiction of Mary Wroth and María de Zayas." Sederi Yearbook of the Spanish & Portuguese Society for English Renaissance Studies.(1999):105-110.

Henderson, Angela. "The Austen Women: A Look at Character." Unt Scholarly Works (2002).

Salzman, Paul. "Mary Wroth: The Countess of Montgomery's 'Urania' (Abridged) ed. by Mary Ellen Lamb (review)." Parergon 29(2012).

Percec, Dana. "Gender and Irony in The Early Modern English Romance." Romanian Journal of English Studies 9.1(2013):303-320.

Ramgrab, Ana Iris Marques. "Meets Jane Austin : the author as character in contemporary derivative works." (2013).

Roberts, Josephine ed. The Countess of Montgomery's 'Urania'.(1995): 228

Verstynen, and A. Rose. "Revisioning Early Modern Feminism Through Pamphilia In Lady

Mary Wroth’s The First Part Of The Countess Of Montgomery’s Urania." (2013).

Pei,Feifei, Fu, Changle & Huang, Xiaolin . Jane Austen’s Views on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice.Advances in Literary Study, (2014), 2, 147-150

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Paper代写：San Francisco Chinatown History

本篇paper代写- San Francisco Chinatown History讲述了旧金山华人的历史。1848年，第一批中国人来到旧金山，他们是一男两女，这三个中国人乘坐美国的“鹰”号帆船上来到旧金山。后来淘金热的出现，导致大量中国劳工迁移到旧金山，还有一些商人。随着跨国铁路的开通，旧金山的中国人越来越多。虽然后来排华法案减少了中国人的数量。但到了1965年，移民法的修改再一次让旧金山的华人数量剧增。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Introduction

It is known to us that Chinatown is quite common all over the world nowadays and the developmental situations of Chinatown in different countries are different from one another more or less. Obviously, the history of Chinatown in different countries is also different in one way or another. To get familiar with the history of Chinatown in a certain country can help understand how Chinatown appears in that specific country, what makes it develop in this way today and how it will develop in the future. Therefore the following will explore about the San Francisco Chinatown history, hoping that it can give some insightful suggestions as for how to better understand why San Francisco Chinatown becomes how it is today.

San Francisco Chinatown History

The beginning of San Francisco Chinatown lies in the moment when the first Chinese arrived in San Francisco in the year of 1848 and they were a man and two women (FogCitySecrets.com. 2009-2017). These three Chinese people came to San Francisco on the American sailing vessel called Eagle and 20,000 Chinese arrived in “Gold Mountain” within the next two years. In January 1848, gold was found in the foothills of Sierra and The Gold Rush was on since then (FogCitySecrets.com. 2009-2017). At the first place, it was The Gold Rush that had led to the large migration of Chinese laborers to San Francisco and most of those Chinese laborers were single males. In addition to those Chinese laborers, a few Chinese merchants also went to San Francisco and they built shops there. Afterwards, the building of the Transnational Railroad in the mid 1800s is another reason why San Francisco could attract a large number of Chinese and the Chinese had to work on the building of the railroad (FogCitySecrets.com. 2009-2017). In the last half of the 19th century, there were many Chinese arrivals in San Francisco because Chinese were not welcome in other areas of the city at that time. Though it seemed that Chinese people were increasing in San Francisco all the time, the number of Chinese people in San Francisco decreased due to the passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Luckily, the change made in the immigration laws in 1965 made it possible for the incidence of another surge of Chinese population in San Francisco (FogCitySecrets.com. 2009-2017), which still continues today. When the Chinese were living in the San Francisco Chinatown, they built religious temples there including the Red Mountain Monastery, the Tin How Temple, the First Chinese Baptist Church, Old St. Mary’s Cathedral, etc. What is a pity to say is that the Chinese had to fight with each other in order to gain dominance of the Chinatown streets and the wars they had been engaged in were mainly the Battle of Waverly Place, the Golden Dragon Massacre, Stockton Street Shooting and so on.

http://www.51due.net/writing/research-paper/sample32332.html

Furthermore, Jesse B. Cook, a former Chief of Police, has also written about the old Chinatown in San Francisco. In the paper of Jesse B. Cook, five crucial moments of Chinatown history in San Francisco have been mentioned and the specific five crucial moments are respectively in 1850, 1864, 1882, 1906 and 1910 (Jesse B. Cook. 1931). To put it more specifically, California Legislature imposed a tax at $20-a-month on foreign miners in 1850 and such imposition was abolished afterwards (Jesse B. Cook. 1931). Later in 1864, the Central Pacific Railroad was so eager to build a transcontinental rail route that it started to recruit Chinese laborers to work for it. However, U.S. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 and this act aimed to forbid the vast majority of Chinese workers from immigrating and prevent Chinese from becoming naturalized citizens. At that time, a famous cartoon presenting Uncle Sam’s boot on the neck of an immigrant prevailed, which can be well indicative of the criticism toward the passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act. As a result, this act was repealed in 1943, after which Chinese Americans were given a chance to obtain U.S. citizenship (Jesse B. Cook. 1931). And in 1906, earthquake and fires level Chinatown and much of San Francisco, destroying immigration records so as to provide the immigrants a chance to declare that they’re already citizens and to bring their family members from China to California in the meantime. Under this situation, there is no doubt that many Chinese people came to California. As for the year 1910, Angel Island Immigration Station began a 30-year stint as an immigrant detention and processing center for arriving Asians (Jesse B. Cook. 1931), leading to the gradual increase of Chinese people in San Francisco.

The same as Jesse B. Cook, the article published on the United States History website also refers to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and this act is even taken as the nation’s first racially restrictive immigration measure (u-s-history.com. 2017). Due to the implementation of the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Chinese population in the U.S. experienced a sharp decline and it rapidly dropped from 26,000 in 1881 to 11,000 in 1920 (u-s-history.com. 2017). Also, it was estimated that 2.5 million Chinese people migrated to San Francisco between 1840 and 1900 (u-s-history.com. 2017). During the process of illustration, this article has also proposed that floods in China can be an important part to account for why a large number of Chinese people immigrated to San Francisco. Before the appearance of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, a few labor brokers, merchants as well as a large number of male Chinese laborers came to San Francisco during the period from 1852 to 1882. Also, the Chinese six Companies formed in 1882 which was officially known as the Consolidated Chinese Benevolent Association and this association had united the most important of the district associations of Chinatown (u-s-history.com. 2017). Apart from that, this article has as well put forward that assimilation took place after Chinese people’s immigration to San Francisco and Chinese people were confronted with segregation within Chinatown in the late 1940s. And it was the outbreak of World War II in 1943 when the United States allied with China against Japan that enabled the Chinese Exclusion Act to be repealed. After that, Chinese kept migrating to San Francisco at a small quota of 105 annually (u-s-history.com. 2017). The Chinese Americans were able to welcome the coming of both economic and social advance in the post-World-War II era. Moreover, the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1965 allowed the quotas for Chinese grew to 20,000 per year by 1970, by which 56 percent of the Chinese in the San Francisco Chinatown were in white-collar occupations (u-s-history.com. 2017). Today, the San Francisco Chinatown is the second densest neighborhoods in the U.S. with 160 people per acre and the New York City’s Chinatown is the largest (u-s-history.com. 2017). Based on all the above, it fits in quite well with what has been illustrated by Chinatown Directory that the long Chinatown history in San Francisco is one that has been clouded with hatred, racism and repression (Chinatown Directory. 2017).

Conclusion

To sum up, a reasonable conclusion can be drawn that the San Francisco Chinatown does have a long history and it is one with ups and downs for the great majority of Chinese people at that time. Fortunately, the San Francisco Chinatown is bound to develop smoothly nowadays out of the harmonious international relationship between the U.S. and China. What can not be denied is that there are still a lot waiting to be explored about the San Francisco Chinatown history, which calls for more efforts in approaching days.

Works Cited

Chinatown Directory. 2017. San Francisco Chinatown. Online available from: http://san-francisco-chinatown.info/chinatown-history/.

FogCitySecrets.com. 2009-2017. San Francisco Chinatown History. Online available from: http://www.inside-guide-to-san-francisco-tourism.com/chinatown-history.html.

Jesse B. Cook. San Francisco’s Old Chinatown. San Francisco Police and Peace Officers’ Journal. June 1931.

u-s-history.com. 2017. History of San Francisco Chinatown. Online available from: http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2715.html.

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Essay代写：Comparative Study of David by Michelangelo and Bernini

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Comparative Study of David by Michelangelo and Bernini，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了米开朗基罗和贝尔尼尼的大卫雕像。米开朗基罗是文艺复兴时期最伟大的艺术家。在他20多岁的时候，就雕刻了著名的大卫雕像。大卫是米开朗基罗作品中理想化的人物。他有精致的特点和完美比例的体格：明亮的眼睛，鹰钩鼻，浓密的头发，布满肌肉。这些完美的人物往往是文艺复兴时期作品的主题。与其相比，贝尔尼尼这个1.7米的大卫雕像看起来更像一个真实的人，贝尔尼尼试图通过捕捉“瞬间”来展示大卫。

David, the son of Jesse, is a heroic character in the Old Testament. In the war between Israel and the Philistines, he killed the giant Goliath, who was more than six cubits tall and armed to the teeth, with nothing else but a sling. Therefore, numerous works are established to eulogize him, including literature, music, sculpture, etc., among which the most famous ones are the sculpture of David by Michelangelo and Bernini. Despite that the sculptures are of the same character and same story, the two artists chose to demonstrate David from different perspectives.

Michelangelo is a greatest artist in the Renaissance period. In his twenties, Michelangelo sculpted the famous David which is 2.5 meter in height. In contrast to traditional representation of David, Michelangelo chose to present his audience the character before his encounter with Goliath. In the work, David stand confidently, his eyes sternly watching ahead, with his left hand holding the sling and right hand some weapon unknown. The strained limbs, inclined torso, and furious look in the eyes indicates the tense emotion David is experiencing through and the determination to defeat the giant Goliath. David is an idealized character in Michelangelo’s work. He has refined features and proportional physique: bright eyes, aquiline nose, thick hair, full of muscles. But nobody feels envious about this person because of his sublime feature that he fights against formidable enemy to protect his country and the innocent public. Such perfect figures are often the theme of Renaissance works.

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In contrast to the ideal David, this 1.7 meter sculpture by Bernini seems more like an actual person: his hair messy; his mouth tightly closed; his eyebrows knitted; his body twisted. Bernini tries to represent his audience the combat scene by catching “the split-second of maximum action” (Kleiner, 562). David twisted so forcefully that it seems like that David is launching a stone at the foe right the next second. And because of this active moment sculptured by Bernini, David by Bernini shows great tension and intensity about the coming combat unlike Michelangelo’s David who shows confidence about the combat. Also, Bernini is an expert at dealing with details of his works: even the wrinkle of his bag and sling is well presented. One interesting of the David sculpture by Bernini is that he “carve[d] the face [of David] after his own likeness”(Mangone,682), which shows his confidence in himself.

The stylistic difference between the two Davids lies in the difference between Renaissance and Baroque. As illustrated by Khan Academy, Renaissance sculpture and Baroque sculpture have the following differences:

As said previously, David by Michelangelo is confident about the triumph of the coming combat through his expression and his body, while the other David is intensively nervous because the combat is about to happen and he is ready to fight any moment. Also, Bernini and Michelangelo deals with light and shadow differently. The lines in Michelangelo’s David is mostly horizontal or vertical so that there is almost no shadow in the whole sculpture but Bernini utilizes complex composition, leading to great contrast between light and shadow. As a result, the left David is more like a perfect person who can be classified into a God instead of the shepherd boy, while the other is more vivid.

However, the factor that causes the difference is not only the stylistic difference between Renaissance and Baroque, but also difference in the historical and cultural contexts when those sculptures were created. David by Michelangelo represents Renaissance humanity. In the period of Renaissance, people just experienced the darkness of middle age and realized the power of human beings. The ideal David manifests the beauty of human being and the power that lies in human body. Moreover, the creation of David is related to Michelangelo’s patron to a certain degree. Italy during Renaissance period was suffering from numerous wars. As a passionate youth who loves his country, Michelangelo participated in the combat to protect his homeland. But the failure disappointed him. Therefore, he had nowhere to express his agony but through his works. The ideal heroic figure of David manifested the desire of Michelangelo as well as the entire Italian people, that such a powerful man can help save their homeland.

In contrast to turbulent period that generated the creation of the perfect David, the time when Bernini lived was experiencing fierce counter-reformation. The Pope, in order to maintain paramountcy of theocracy, hired artists to create extravagant paintings, sculptures, buildings, etc. In this context, Bernini emphasized more on details and elaborate ornaments of David in contrast to Michelangelo’s depiction of the hero.

As the saying goes, the comprehension of Hamlet varies from reader to reader. So is the comprehension of the hero in the Old Testament. Michelangelo and Bernini are two great artists from different ages that have created the masterpiece of David. Due to the difference of historical and cultural contexts and schools of art they belonged, the manifestation of David is in contrast to each other. Michelangelo’s David was eternal and stable while Bernini sculptured a dynamic and passionate hero.

Works Cited:

Kleiner, Fred S. Gardner’s Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective. 14th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2014. Print.

Mangone, Carolina. “Like Father, Like Son: Bernini’s Filial Imitation of Michelangelo.” Association of Art Historian (2014): 667-687. Print.

“How to Recognize Baroque Art.” Term Paper. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/beginners-guide-baroque1/v/how-to-recognize-baroque-art. Web. 29th Apr. 2017.

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