Essay和Research Paper的异同

对于留学小白来说，很容易会把Essay和Research Paper搞错。Essay和Research Paper其实是两种不同类型的论文，两者既有相同的地方，也有不同之处。作为留学生，大家一定要区分开Essay和Research Paper，下面就给大家讲解一下Essay和Research Paper的异同。

什么是Essay?

Essays是academic papers最常见的形式，老师经常要求学生在讨论之前或之后写一篇文章，以评估他们对某个主题的理解，甚至将它们包括在考试中。

Essays是简短的作文，根据给出的提示，论文只能包含五个或更多段落。在撰写论文时，将测试学生的阅读，写作和理解能力。

Essays写作更倾向于创造力，而不是research papers所要求的正式写作。

How to write an essay?

由于我们大多数人在学校的大部分时间都在写论文，因此如何撰写论文应该不会太困难。但是为了以防万一，这里再来复习下如何写essays.

Research.您说一篇essay不是research paper，那么为什么要research呢？好吧，每篇学术论文都应该可靠且真实，这意味着撰写论文的人应该精通他们将要写的要求或主题。

研究过程将影响您的观点，使您有机会采取立场并以对当前主题的全面理解进行写作。

Make an outline.通过对主要思想进行相应的分类来组织思想。大纲将是您整篇论文的框架，必要的部分是introduction, main body和conclusion.

Write it down.一旦您的文章从最初的概述中弄清楚了，就可以写下您想进一步讨论的所有想法。利用您进行的研究，使您的想法轻松融入论文中。

Edit and proofread.如果您对论文的初稿感到满意，则可以开始审阅和修改您的论文。 浏览每个段落，以检查是否有任何错误或难以理解的论点。

此外，还要对您的工作进行校对，以检查可能会导致您失去高分的肤浅错误。

What are the types of essays?

老师会要求您出于不同的原因写一篇论文。如上所述，原因之一是评估您对某个主题的知识以及写作能力。

此外，有不同类型的论文，每个都有特定的目的。但是，它们都遵循相似的结构，包括introduction, thesis statement, the body paragraphs, 以及conclusion.

Essays的主要类型是：

Descriptive essays -要求您提供对对象，人物或故事的清晰描述和插图的论文。

Narrative essays -通过书面叙事详细描述一个人的经历的文章。

Expository essays -需要对主题进行均衡和彻底分析的文章。

此外，还有：

Definition essays -提供单词扩展定义的论文。

Diagnostic essays -一种在有限的时间内撰写的论文，用于当场测试作者的能力。

Reflective essays-作家反思和考察他们的生活经历的论文。

Persuasive essays-一种使用逻辑和理性说服读者相信作者观点是合法的论文。也称为argumentative essay.

Response essays-作家可以表达对某本书，论文，电影或任何其他作品的回应或观点的论文。也称为reaction paper.

Scholarship essays-专为获得大学奖学金而撰写的论文。

什么是research paper?

Essays与research papers之间的众多差异之一是，research paper更侧重于补充研究和材料中的逻辑和信息的整理，以讨论特定主题，而Essay则更多地依赖作者的观点和见解。

顾名思义，research paper需要进行深入的研究和资源搜集才能有效。

Research paper具有三个主要特征：

Thesis statement.就像任何其他academic paper一样，research paper必须有thesis statement，这将是论文的主要思想和主张。

Evidence from research.理想的research paper必须提供来自不同sources的合法信息。您从研究和文章中收集的所有信息都将用于证明，支持和捍卫您的thesis statement.

Original discussions.为了进一步支持您的research paper，您收集的证据将有助于您的讨论。仅提供证据是不够的–通过提供自己的分析和对sources的分析来加强您的论文。

How to write a research paper?

Essays和research papers的相似之处在于您如何撰写它们，因为它们都是academic papers.

但是，与撰写essays相比，撰写research paper的过程需要大量注意力并保持严谨。

考虑到您必须在论文中包括的篇幅和信息，撰写研究论文时要更加谨慎。

Research and gather sources.当然，在撰写research paper时，您需要阅读并收集尽可能多的有关该主题的信息。为了正确撰写论文，您必须具有足够的主题知识。

您收集的所有材料将对您research paper的总体产生影响。阅读它们时，请确保跟踪所有必要的信息或语录，以帮助支持您的论文。

图书馆有很多physical resources，您也可以从教育搜索引擎和其他在线政府或独立出版物中收集sources.报纸也可以是可靠的信息来源。

在将它们写入在您的论文中之前，请注意作者及其介绍，看它们是否可靠。

Make an outline and write your research paper.在继续撰写研究论文之前，您需要先进行outline. 根据信息流向何处来组织数据。

您的research paper应具有学术论文的所有重要元素，包括thesis statement.

从论文陈述中，您可以设计一个大纲，将要点分为子标题，以进一步增强论文的thesis.

Cite your sources. 这必须是撰写research paper的最重要部分。虽然这可能与整篇文章相吻合，但重要的是要记住引用并赞扬您想在论文中提到的文献的作者。

确保您的引用与教授要求的格式相符(例如，MLA格式，APA格式，Chicago, 或 Harvard引用风格)。引用您的sources将确保您的作品是没有剽窃的。

Edit and proofread your first draft.编辑并校对您的初稿。没有人期望您的最初作品是完美的。在您的初稿时，让您的创意源源不断–不必过多担心语法或拼写错误。

您对论文的整体内容感到满意后就可以开始对其进行编辑。在编辑过程中，您将对句子和段落进行重组，直到它们适合研究论文的方式满意为止。在校对中，您的重点将放在技术错误上。

What is the purpose of a research paper?

研究论文通常是为满足专业要求而撰写的。无论计划如何，大学中的每个人都将被要求在其学术生活中的某个时刻撰写research paper.

Research paper将使教师有机会了解学生在学期内可能学到的知识或未学到的知识。

Essay和Research Paper有什么区别？

一篇essay和一篇research paper是两种截然不同的academic papers.根据类型撰写文章，将使您在自己的领域内思考。

它更吸引您作为作家的心理和情感能力，而不是研究论文所需的外部逻辑和信息。一篇essay可以用五段或更多段来完成，而一篇research paper可以超过八页，具体取决于它包含的信息和讨论的数量。

论文和研究论文的相似之处之一是两者都可以是term paper.学期论文是班级要求，通常在学期末提交。

您的教授或讲师将决定您要提交哪种学期论文，它可以是essay, a research paper, a journal, 甚至是an article，只要它概述了您在此期间学到的所有知识即可。

Custom academic paper services for college students

我们了解大学生每个人都有繁重的工作。您现在需要写一篇essay，但稍后可能必须要完成research paper.当您不胜其烦的工作和学习工作时，很难跟踪所有这些信息–在大多数情况下，您将很难确定每个任务的优先级。如果是这样，那么也许您需要开始寻求帮助？

以上就是关于Essay和Research Paper的异同讲解，其实大家写多了就会发现，Research Paper要比Essay难很多，所以大家要多在Research Paper上多花功夫。

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Paper代写：Documentary on anthropology

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Documentary on anthropology，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了人类学纪录片。人类学纪录片源于希腊文，意思是人的科学研究。人类学纪录片是随着电影的诞生而出现的。最初，人类学纪录片在人类学界不受重视，它只不过是作为人类学研究中的附带产物，而并没有作为必不可少的研究工具和研究成果中用以引用的重要部分。直到本世纪30年代，才将人类学和电影结合到一起。人类学纪录片是科学成果与艺术形式的完善结合，是纪录片手段用于人类学研究，是纪录片的外在表现形式，人类学是内在表现内容，是人类学家研究成果的产物，也是纪录片中的一类特殊类型。人类学纪录片可以说是人类学研究的纪录片或者说是纪录片样态的人类学。

As a research tool of anthropology, anthropological documentary not only has research value, but also enables the diachronic inheritance of human culture and the integration of consensus, which is an important wealth in the development of human culture. But now the new technology is developing rapidly, the new media era has come. In the new media era, anthropological documentaries should be in line with The Times, go to the front of the stage, with its own great value, and the combination of emerging technology, to expand the audience of anthropological documentaries, in the new era to show new vitality, promote human culture, inherit human civilization.

Anthropological documentaries are derived from the Greek words Anthropos and Logia, which means the scientific study of man. The discipline was formed as an independent discipline in the middle of the 19th century, largely due to the development of colonies, institutional forms and cultural beliefs of different ethnic groups out of the need to improve understanding and gradually developed.

Documentary anthropology emerged with the birth of film. Initially, anthropological documentaries were not taken seriously in anthropology. They were only an incidental product of anthropological research, but not an important part to be cited in the indispensable research tools and research results. That changed in the 2030s when Gregory bentsen and Margaret mead combined anthropology with film.

Anthropological documentary is the perfect combination of scientific achievements and artistic forms, the means of documentary for anthropological research, and the external expression of documentary. Anthropology is the internal expression of content, the product of anthropologists' research results, and also a special type of documentary.

Anthropological documentary can be said to be the documentary of anthropological research or the anthropology of documentary style.

Documentary on anthropology: the starting point is anthropology, the purpose is scientific research.

General documentary: to report facts or for people's aesthetic needs. With the film itself has the artistic charm to move the audience.

Documentary on anthropology: following scientific preciseness and accuracy, as a research tool of anthropology, it aims to show the objective explanation of the connection and relationship between human cultural phenomena and various human cultural phenomena.

General documentary: subjective interpretation based on records. Based on the real reflection of real life, the author can modify and package his own subjective views, thoughts and emotions. To explain what you want to express.

Both anthropological documentaries and general documentaries take "authenticity" as their essential attribute. Documentary anthropology requires scientific authenticity, which means that anthropology requires the reductive preservation of human cultures that are about to disappear or are disappearing. On this issue, it cannot have subjective screening, deletion or editing. Request "original soup original juice" ground record. Such anthropological documentaries are known in academia as ethnographic films. It is precisely because the anthropological documentary requires authenticity based on science that its whole process requires the use of scientific methods and systems to ensure its authenticity.

Documentaries generally require the truth of facts or the truth of life.

Anthropological documentaries are made by anthropologists or under the guidance of anthropologists, rather than documentaries with anthropological content or significance made by ordinary people.

General documentary: aesthetic value, documentary value, dissemination of knowledge and emotion.

The research value of anthropology itself is the documentary means used in anthropology research, and the external expression form of documentary. Anthropology is the internal expression content with reducibility and interactivity. And the research value of other related disciplines.

Anthropological documentary is anthropological and rational. It is a valuable film shot by relying on science and following scientific preciseness and accuracy.

Everything in the world has various connections, and the connections of things are universal and varied. The documentary of anthropology is the record of the development of human culture. It can faithfully record the image of human cultural activities and the flowing sound information with audio-visual combination. And that information is relevant to our lives. Our social development, cultural and technological progress, these documentary anthropology are recorded. It can be said to be the history book of the development and change of our human culture. Therefore, no matter in the past, present or future, anthropological documentaries will not disappear with the change of time, but exist all the time, and its significance and value are obvious.

With the continuous development of human culture, the expression form and dissemination mode of anthropological documentary are also changing. Anthropological documentaries should acknowledge the convenience and flexibility of new media and its fast propagation and wide range. The content output of new media should emphasize value, and on its basis, the connotation and content value of anthropology documentary should be recognized. Through new media means and modes, anthropological documentaries are put into the public view, and the contents of anthropological documentaries are displayed again to reach a consensus with the society and the audience. Such films carrying the research value of human culture can be transmitted and popularized to realize the value of anthropological documentaries in social development and people's cognition.

China's new media began to develop rapidly in 2007 and reached the golden age in recent years. From the initial 2G network to the current research and development of 5G, the extension and development of mobile terminals are becoming the most important part of people's lives.

In November 2012, the 18th national congress of the communist party of China made it clear to advocate the concept of "community of Shared future for mankind". With the development of these technologies, the earth has become a global village. The world is becoming smaller and smaller, and media channels are becoming more and more simple. This is also the spring of anthropological documentary development and value. While conducting anthropological research and recognizing the value of research, we should also pay attention to the value that anthropological documentaries can bring to modern society and the world.

As a witness of the development and progress of human culture, anthropological documentaries should come to the eyes of the public in this era, compared with the vulgar content flooded by the Internet. It presents the mainstream values of the society, reflects the trend and direction of The Times, and causes people to think about human civilization and culture.

Forty years of reform and opening up have been an unforgettable and extraordinary forty years in the history of the Chinese nation and the People's Republic of China. The development of The Times influences people's choice of entertainment lifestyle and enriches people's spiritual world. The same way of entertainment in today's highly developed material conditions also in the nature of a great change. For example, at the beginning of the reform and opening up, due to the limited material conditions of life and the lack of public entertainment and leisure facilities, people were eager to see the prosperity of big cities. Now travel is more to go to the ancient town, to appreciate the original style and experience the original customs; From worshipping foreign fashion culture to vigorously promoting Chinese traditional culture. As the record and witness of the development of human culture, the documentary of anthropology should come to the front of the stage and face the public in the context of the 40th anniversary of the reform and opening up. With a unique perspective and form, expand the audience of anthropology documentary, promote human culture, inherit human civilization.

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几种常见的Paraphrase方法

由于国外大学对于学术写作的抄袭问题抓得非常严，所以大家平时在写作的时候都会格外注重重复率的问题。当论文重复率过高的话，就得想办法去把重复率降下来。其中Paraphrase是降低重复率常用的方法，下面就带大家看看几种常见的Paraphrase方法。

Paraphrase作为一种Assignment写作的常用手段，顾名思义就是用不同的话语或自己的话语表达相同的意思，即“释义，改述”之意。

变换句式

变换句式是paraphrase中最重要的一种手段，因为如果能够正确地使用另一种句式来表达原文的意思，往往可以最大限度地保留原文的意思。

1.最常用的句式变换是主动句式与被动句式之间的转换。举例：

原句：Paraphrasing means rewriting a sentence by different words.(A means B.)

改写：Rewriting a sentence by different words is called paraphrasing.(B is called A.)

2.主从句顺序

如果一个长句子有两个或以上的句子组成，可以通过调整句子的顺序来完成改写。举例：

原句：If you practice paraphrasing frequently, you can paraphrase effectively.

改写：You can paraphrase effectively, if you practice paraphrasing frequently.

3.形容词变从句

句子中如果有“形容词+名词”结构，可以将形容词改成一个从句，放在名词后面。举例：

原句：Learning paraphrasing is a difficult task.

改写：Learning paraphrasing is a task which is difficult.

采用同/近义词/词组

英语有大量的同近义词汇和词组，这无疑为paraphrase提供了丰富的词汇基础。充分地利用同近义词和词组，确实对降低英语文章的重复率很有帮助，这要求我们尽可能多地掌握同义词(组)。但是，对于大多数非英语语言国家的学生和学者来说，英语词汇是很贫乏的。对同近义词的正确选择更是难上加难。很多“你以为的”近义词，它们往往适用于不同的场合，甚至在含义上并不接近，因此对于近义词替换，建议大家在使用时一定要百分之百的确定。否则，用错了替换词，反而弄巧成拙并因此失分。

举例：

原句：It can be difficult to choose suitable words to write a sentence.

错误：It is often a challenge to pick up (X) relevant (X) words to create a sentence.

正确：It is sometimes a challenge to select appropriate words to create a sentence.

变换词形

采用同近义词/词组的一个缺陷就是，不是所有的词都有同义词，并且所谓的同义词，有相当大一部分其实是近义词。也即是说，替换后会或多或少地改变了原文所要表达的意思，从而降低了paraphrase的准确性，甚至出现较大的释义偏差或错误。但在不少情况下，还可以通过同一个单词的不同词形来表达相同的意思。将原句中的某些单词改变词性，一般来说，改词性的同时也会改动词序。举例：

原句：The bomb exploded and caused many casualties.

改为：The explosion of the bomb caused many casualties.

句子合并与拆分

对于较长的句子，可以考虑将句子说成两句。相反地，也可以将比较短的句子(用连词如and, but, which等)合并成为一句。一句话，可以说到很简洁，也可以说得稍有啰嗦一点。所以，如果碰到真的想不出什么好的法子来改写原作者的句子时，不妨从这一角度去考虑。当作者的句子非常简练时或过于啰嗦时，这种方法尤其适应。值得注意的是，不管是“添油加醋”还是“言简意赅”，对比以上的其他方法，都更容易发生误改原文意思的情况，所以使用这两种方法要更加谨慎。

改变句子出现顺序

如果只有独立的一条句子有比较高的重复率，那么重复率的判定会相对比较轻;但是如果出现连续几条句子都有较高的重复率，且这几条句子都出自同一篇论文，同一次序，那么判定为重复的机率就被大大提高了。由此可见，只要不会影响意思表达，调换句子的出现顺序对降低论文的重复率是有帮助的。

使用否定或反义表达

即把肯定表达变成否定表达，把否定表达变成肯定表达，这种句式的转变必须在不改变或扭曲原本意思的前提下进行。举例：

“Rather than building a traditional, the city built a park”释义为“The city did not build a traditional memorial; instead it built a park.”

用自己的话表达

要忠实、通顺地释义句子，首先必须对原句有透彻的理解，然后把所理解的东西用自己熟悉的词汇、句型加以确切的表达。透彻的理解和确切的表达实属不易，因此我们在引用的时候，一定要在自己理解的基础之上进行引用，做到知其意而用之。

检查全文

改写完成之后一定要通篇研读一下自己的句子，是否存在矛盾或读不通的情况，若有发现则注意及时修改，由此可以结束一篇完整的文章。

以上就是几种常见的Paraphrase方法，大家如果不会的话，那么就要尽快学会这些方法，Paraphrase对于论文降重是非常有效的。

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Paper代写：Modern commercial building design

本篇paper代写- Modern commercial building design讨论了现代商业建筑设计。现代商业建筑不仅能满足商业活动的需要，还是城市经济发展的标志性物体之一。所以在设计现代商业建筑时设计人员应考虑社会多元化因素，打造空间合理、交通便利、景观优美、功能齐全的商业建筑体。商业建筑体商业价值高低取决于内部设计特点优劣，所以在设计商业建筑时，要合理规划商业建筑内部环境。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Since the 20th century, China's economic level continues to improve, people's living needs are also increasing, for commercial building design requirements are also higher and higher.

Modern commercial buildings can not only meet the needs of commercial activities, but also one of the landmark objects of urban economic development. Therefore, when designing modern commercial buildings, designers should consider the social diversity, introduce the innovative concept of The Times, implement the people-oriented purpose, and create a commercial building with reasonable space, convenient transportation, beautiful landscape and complete functions. As China is a socialist country, when designing commercial buildings, we should pay attention to China's situation in a developing country and adhere to the strategy of sustainable development.

The commercial value of commercial buildings depends on the internal design characteristics, so when designing commercial buildings, it is necessary to rationally plan the internal environment of commercial buildings. The interior design features of commercial buildings generally have several requirements: large space utilization, dense traffic lines, and aesthetic architectural landscape. The high utilization rate of space, on the one hand, is to provide people with the best service and obtain the commercial value of buildings; on the other hand, it can meet the requirements of urban planning and realize the strategy of sustainable development of resources. Dense traffic lines enable people to choose commodities in a diversified way, give full play to the commercial value, and maximize profits from people. The beauty of architectural landscape is to let people continue to conduct commercial activities after visual fatigue and visual liberation.

The external design characteristics of commercial buildings can be summarized as three points; It has urban cultural atmosphere, provides people with places for commercial activities, and can serve as the symbol of the city. As one of the main sites for urban economic development, commercial building system is closely related to urban construction. Commercial buildings are often located in the center of the city, with convenient transportation, and are the landmark buildings of the city. Commercial buildings, as the image spokesman of the city's external development, can carry out many commercial activities in commercial buildings, which is an important exchange place for economic development.

As a commercial building, it will attract a large number of floating people. In order to fully reflect the humanistic service concept, commercial buildings should design a convenient transportation system. Commercial building traffic lines are divided into internal commercial pedestrian lines and external vehicle driving lines. When designing internal commercial traffic lines, there are a few things to note. First, obvious signs should be set up so that people can follow the signs to the destination of the building. For example, commercial buildings such as elevators, toilets, functional areas and leisure areas should be clearly marked so that people can find them accurately. Second, emergency evacuation channels should be set up so that people can leave the commercial area quickly when an emergency occurs. In buildings, for example, green cartoon figures are required to remind people of emergency access. Third, the internal roads of commercial buildings should be as simple and clear as possible to facilitate passengers' business needs. For example, commercial buildings are often reticulated or intersected with tree trunks, enabling people to achieve diverse business needs. Fourth, design reasonable elevator number, location, type. Commercial buildings are multi-story structures that require elevators to run up and down. Compared with normal civil buildings, commercial buildings have very large personnel flow. So set up more elevators. Because commercial buildings have multiple functional areas, so the personnel flow momentum is relatively large, the degree of dispersion is relatively miscellaneous, so in the design of the elevator, according to the situation in the dense area of the appropriate decentralized installation, and can set up a variety of types of elevator to reduce the pressure of personnel gathering. There are two points to note when setting up the external traffic lines of commercial buildings. The first is to connect as many outlets as possible between external traffic lines and commercial buildings. The export of commercial buildings can effectively reduce the flow of people, prevent people from gathering, and affect the commercial value of buildings. Second, the external traffic lines should be compatible with the urban traffic lines to facilitate people's travel. With constant yuan yue fu project as an example, the project is located in cixi city new city core area, the frame structure of the staggered tower design, for hundreds of meters of high-level framework and the local shear wall design, on the basis of ensuring interior space is the biggest comfort can also improve the utilization rate of indoor space with hollow floor technology improve building energy conservation and environmental protection, building the whole highlights both the rational public characteristic, at the same time, create a clever architectural visual effect.

Modern commercial buildings are economical buildings. When designing and cutting architectural space, we should pay attention to rational design and strive for the maximum utilization rate so as to obtain more economic benefits. The main points to note when designing the space of commercial buildings are as follows: first, the space design style should meet the requirements of local urban civilization construction and urban architecture space specifications. The Oriental pearl TV tower, for example, is a landmark in Shanghai, but moving it to a third-tier city would be unusual. Therefore, in the design of commercial buildings, we need to carry out field research in order to design buildings that conform to urban construction standards. Second, the space design, on the premise of meeting people's business needs, to maximize the use of resources. Put an end to the occurrence of blank useless interval, waste commercial construction commercial value; Also cannot overuse the space, lets the commodity pile up jumbled, causes the people sense experience to decline, loses the purchase desire. Modern commercial buildings, compared with traditional street stall sales, have a formal, consumer groups are generally wage earners, so in the design of the space is to save generous, as far as possible when cutting the space beautiful and neat, to prevent people from visual drop, reduce the purchase demand, reduce the commercial economic benefits. Third, pay attention to functional division when space design. Modern commercial buildings depend on people's commercial behavior to obtain economic benefits. Therefore, in the design of space, people's needs should be considered, and commercial functionality should be as much as possible, so as to retain people's shopping footsteps and bring more benefits to enterprises.

Generally, some landscapes should be set up in commercial buildings, which can not only meet the needs of urban construction, but also play a role of beautification. It can also attract people's attention and produce economic profits for enterprises. With the improvement of people's living standards, people's awareness of green environmental protection is getting higher and higher. Therefore, some flowers and green plants can be used in the design of the commercial building landscape scheme to echo people's demand for green environment protection. Commercial buildings are important trading places of cities, which can replace the external image of cities. Therefore, urban history and culture should be considered when designing landscape. In Shanghai vanke emerald riverside project, for example, in accordance with the principle of people-oriented and landscape of coordination of architectural design, part of the land adjacent to the huangpu river, to strengthen the building and landscape of oneness, the proposed arc array tower, use glass to make the building facade design, top compound has nearly 3 m's huge be born glass, and the huangpu river area waterscape presents one integrated mass, set off the visual effect. At the same time, the suspended surface is used for architectural appearance design, so that the first floor, the central waterscape and its supporting facilities are closely combined, further enriching the sense of hierarchy and appreciation of public space, and creating a unique architectural landscape effect. Reasonable design of architectural landscape can deepen people's business impression and create invisible customers. When a successful landscape is designed, people will think of this commercial building when they think of the city, thus reaping more economic benefits.

Commercial buildings should have significant commercial USES, with particular attention to their commercial functions in design. Attention should be paid to the coordination and rationality of functions in the functional design of buildings to ensure that commercial buildings can meet people's commercial needs. Commercial buildings can be divided into different functional areas according to the type of business. For example, there are male business districts and female business districts according to gender; According to different age, it is divided into children area, adult area and elderly area. According to different functions, it is divided into catering area, entertainment area and shopping area. According to the style is different, divide into fashionable area, simple area. Commercial buildings, no matter what type of functional areas are allocated, must ensure the connection between the functional areas, to meet the one-stop service, so that people get the most humane services. In addition, special group needs should be taken into account when setting up function areas, and some leisure places should be set up to prevent the adverse effects of overwork or inconvenience of movement. When designing commercial functions, commercial buildings should pay attention to human body structure to ensure people's life safety. For example, railings in commercial buildings should be more than 1 meter high to prevent injury to young children. When designing recreational function facility, want to satisfy human body demand, avoid to let facility become adornment phenomenon occurrence.

Through the above studies, it is shown that the modern commercial building system has distinctive characteristics both inside and outside, and should have advantages such as convenient transportation, reasonable space, beautiful landscape and complete functions. This paper analyzes the above aspects based on the actual cases. It is expected that the construction industry can build landmark commercial buildings for the country, promote the country's economic development and improve people's quality of life.

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Essay代写：The business ethics

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The business ethics，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了商业伦理观。企业遵循良好的商业伦理，履行必要的社会责任，不仅是企业自身发展的需要，也是整个社会的需要。以盈利为唯一目的的商业伦理观的理论基础是，企业是股东的，企业存在的目的是为股东赚钱。该商业伦理观的代表是西方早期绝大部分企业和当今社会大部分企业。考虑社会责任的商业伦理观的理论基础是企业是利益相关者之间达成的一种契约关系。

The trend of economic globalization is increasingly strengthened, and capital is in an increasingly strong position in the economic society. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has drawn more attention, requiring enterprises to assume social responsibility and better serve the society. It is not only necessary for enterprises to follow good business ethics and fulfill necessary social responsibilities, but also for the harmonious and sustainable development of the whole society.

The theoretical basis of the business ethics with profit as the sole purpose is that the enterprise is a shareholder and the purpose of the enterprise is to make money for shareholders. Friedman believed that a corporation's only social responsibility was to make money for its shareholders.

The basis of this business ethics is: only think about making money, not social responsibility. Under this business ethics, the relationship between enterprises and stakeholders is as follows: customers are the victims; Suppliers are squeezed; Competitors are enemies; Circumstances have nothing to do with me; The government is the umbrella; Employees are machine parts and money-making tools; "Cheat you out of a deal" with shareholders and creditors; "Don't look to me" for charity. The representative of this business ethics is the majority of early western enterprises and the majority of today's society.

The theoretical basis of the business ethics of considering social responsibility is that enterprises are a contractual relationship among stakeholders.

The basis of business ethics to consider social responsibility is to consider the interests of stakeholders, that is, corporate social responsibility.

Key to how social enterprises work: not as charities, with the goal of improving social welfare, to recoup costs: overcoming financial dependency. The typical representative of the business ethics of serving the society is the gray group.

After more than 20 years of experimentation, the grid group now operates 25 organizations in areas such as wine and education, communications, funds, telecommunications, products, Internet, telephone, energy, and medical trusts that promote microfinance, improve rural life, create opportunities for young people, and connect every village to the world. For example, graig bank, grida. Graida company profile: the first multinational social company, established by graida and danone group in 2006, with 50% investment from each side.

There are many factors that affect business ethics, including the failure to crack down on unethical behavior, the failure to reward ethical companies, lack of awareness of what is ethical behavior, short-term behavior, local protectionism, poor social climate, national or local economic backwardness, and the pressure to improve corporate interests. They are the correlation between managers' behavior and moral development stage, personal characteristics, self-strength, control points, structural variables, organizational culture, problem strength and stakeholder response.

Set up ethics committee, improve the moral level of management, improve the ethical quality of employees, and improve the ethical behavior of enterprises.

In the late 1980s, a series of financial scandals damaged the credibility of accounting. The anti-fraud finance committee recognizes the importance of establishing an effective set of business ethics.

On November 1, 1991, the judicial commission of the United States issued the landmark guidelines for American trials in the United States. The guidelines impose fines of up to $2m a day for unethical or environmental behavior. But the fine could be reduced to $50,000 a day if the company's directors showed they had been diligent. Business ethics are considered an essential component of effective diligence and responsibility.

Business ethics is the embodiment of an organization's values, to a certain extent, shows the main structural framework of an organization, and the structural framework in addition to provide organizations with strategic and legal aspects of orientation, also for the organization to carry out moral policy have provided the certain basis, and this kind of organization structure show and convey behavior expectations and culture of the organization.

Business ethics contain formal and informal elements that guide employees' thinking and behavior.

To narrow the differences of individual moral behaviors in the company; Produce an ethical corporate culture.

Improve employees' understanding and recognition of ethical issues; To inform employees of relevant procedures and rules; Get to know the relevant members of the ethics committee and ask them to help resolve ethical issues; Understanding the value and culture of the organization; Assess the impact of ethical decisions on the company based on values.

The recognition and support of senior managers should empower employees to make ethical decisions; Employees shall be empowered to make ethical decisions; Ethics should be communicated to all employees.

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