Essay代写：The influence of consumer psychology on network marketing strategy

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The influence of consumer psychology on network marketing strategy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了消费心理学对网络营销策略的影响。消费心理学是心理学的一个重要分支，是一门新兴学科，它的目的是研究人们在消费过程中的心理活动规律及个性心理特征，包括消费者的需求、购买动机、购买决定以及影响消费者行为的心理因素。随着电子商务的蓬勃发展，互联网消费市场也在发生着变革。网络商家应以消费心理学理论为指导，以消费者的多元化需求为导向，结合市场实际，不断优化网络营销策略，提升产品附加值和品牌竞争力，才能使企业在市场竞争中抢占先机，立于不败之地。

Consumer psychology is an important branch of psychology, is a new discipline, its purpose is to study the psychological activity of people in the process of consumption and psychological characteristics of personality, including consumer demand, purchase motivation, purchase decision and influence consumer behavior of psychological factors. The study of consumer psychology plays an important role in formulating network marketing strategies. From the perspective of consumers, there are mainly the following types of network consumption psychology.

The pursuit of affordable consumer psychology is one of the most common psychology of network consumers, consumers in this psychological induction of the purchase motivation with the inexpensiveness and practicality, the purchase behavior with saving and practical characteristics. Because the network marketing has got rid of the traditional physical marketing manufacturers - wholesalers - middlemen - retailers - consumer circulation of goods, greatly reduce the operating costs of middlemen, so it has attracted a large number of network consumers. They usually directly in the online shopping search with product is the most preferential price, and some of the large electric business platform such as taobao, jingdong, Su Ningyi buy to cater to consumer pursue cheap psychological, often launched "bargain" "prompt" kill "purchase" and other promotional activities, in order to attract consumers to online shopping.

Modern life rhythm is tense, work pressure is big, for many consumers, especially female consumers in the busy day, after the children fall asleep, anytime and anywhere to take out a mobile phone to lie on the bed to relax the mood, this is the network marketing to bring convenience and quick place. In addition, in the consumption process of traditional bricks-and-mortar stores, the attitude and guidance of marketers often have an impact on consumers' purchasing decisions. I believe everyone has similar experience, want to buy a bottle of laundry detergent in the supermarket, surrounded by a few promoters constantly promote their products, the result is often that we do not want to buy the original brand goods. Therefore, more and more consumers are willing to choose the consumption mode of independent shopping. They can browse different online stores at will, compare the product performance at will, and choose the products they really like to avoid being manipulated and interfered by the outside world in the process of shopping.

As young people are much more involved in online shopping than older people, the majority of online shoppers are young people aged 20-40. The pursuit of fashion personality is the style of the current young people, they need to create a unique personal charm, reflect their own personality and appearance advantages, as well as a unique personal style, network custom shops just meet the young people this psychology. These online personalized stores, in accordance with consumers' psychological needs to pursue a different, launch new and fashionable, unconventional goods, thus more able to stimulate their desire to buy, which is difficult for traditional bricks-and-mortar stores to do.

In psychology, conformity refers to the phenomenon that an individual's ideas and behaviors change in a direction consistent with that of most people due to the guidance or pressure of a group. This kind of consumer purchase motivation has the following, often manifested as the group collective purchase, the purchase behavior usually has the blindness and the impulsivity characteristic. This phenomenon is particularly obvious in network marketing, consumers tend to buy hot, hot style goods, will be used to look at the sales and praise index of a certain commodity. Because in the case that there are only product pictures to be seen, there are relatively few data to judge the product quality. When a certain product is purchased by many people and received numerous praises, consumers are likely to identify with the product, thus triggering purchase behavior.

With the rapid development of online marketing, online shopping has become a fashion and a part of more and more people's lives. However, from the perspective of consumer psychology, according to its own characteristics and development status, there are still a lot of psychological factors.

First of all, consumers do not have enough trust in online marketing. Unlike the traditional physical shopping model, online marketing is shopping in a virtual environment. Consumers usually cannot see the goods themselves, and traditional sensory judgments such as "see", "touch" and "smell" cannot play a role. Instead, they can only evaluate the quality of goods through videos, pictures and text introductions provided by merchants, which are often very easy to fake. We can often see the price of a product on the Internet from 9.9 yuan to 299 yuan free shipping, but the use of the same picture, but who knows how much difference in the quality of the real thing? Or consumers will tend to choose high sales, positive evaluation of the goods, but some businesses seize the consumer's psychology to take improper means of business to brush sales, brush praise, so that consumers virtually choose goods and judge the quality of goods increased the difficulty.

Secondly, the security of online shopping is still insufficient. As we all know, online shopping is inevitably inseparable from a variety of payment methods, such as e-bank payment, WeChat payment, alipay payment... Although the security of online shopping payment has been significantly improved in recent years, it does not mean that there are no hidden dangers. On the Internet this open platform, shopping website good and bad are intermingled, some phishing websites often contain Trojan virus, in the process of consumers online shopping to pay to steal their bank account information easily. In addition, the name, address, contact information and other personal information we leave behind when shopping online are not kept secret by many websites, and some even sell customer information to other websites without permission

This profit, the infringement of consumer privacy. The frequent leakage of personal information has cast a psychological shadow on consumers and brought negative effects on online shopping behavior.

Thirdly, the consumption experience of online shopping is insufficient. Because online shopping cannot see the real goods, consumers' senses cannot be satisfied, especially for clothes, shoes, hats, ornaments and other goods that need to see the actual effect of the upper body. Consumers can only imagine the effect of the products on themselves based on the pictures and size data, which will inevitably lead to deviation, resulting in a low success rate of online shopping. At the same time, network marketing can not meet some specific consumer psychological needs. Due to the limitation of the network reduces the interaction between people, so you can't meet the needs of the social individual consumers, such as colleagues or friends to shopping together to maintain and enhance the close affection of each other, and consumers can experience to the scene to pick goods, payment directly home after shopping fun. Some consumers prefer to gain attention and respect through shopping to show their economic strength and social status, which are also consumption experiences that cannot be satisfied by online marketing.

Finally, the after-sale service of online shopping is not guaranteed. After shopping in traditional bricks-and-mortar stores, if consumers are not satisfied with the product or the product is defective, they can directly go to the store for a refund and exchange. But because the network shopping and the distance of time and space limitations, consumers receive goods not satisfied, it takes more time and energy to deal with relatively complex after-sales process, including consult after-sales customer service, provide proof picture materials, system operation, such as packaged goods express mail cumbersome steps, these intermediate process often require a period of time. Some consumers may not be very satisfied with the goods they bought online, but they have to leave the goods because they cannot get a timely response from the customer service staff or it is inconvenient to return or exchange the goods by express delivery. This has resulted in idleness and waste, and also affected consumers' motivation to buy again.

Through the above analysis, it can be seen that consumer psychology will have a great impact on network marketing, so Internet businesses should be good at grasping the psychological needs of network consumers, timely adjust and develop effective network marketing strategies, in order to make themselves in the competitive network market to obtain more profits and business opportunities.

The enterprise website is the window that the enterprise faces the user directly, it is the direct platform that develops network marketing. Good website design should start from the psychological needs of target consumers, combined with corporate culture and product characteristics, to show the product in a hierarchical way, highlight its unique personality and good image, to enhance the attraction of the website and consumer recognition. In addition, enterprises also need to strengthen the hardware construction of websites, ensure the efficient and stable operation of servers, build a complete network security system, ensure the security of payment and consumer privacy, and provide consumers with a safe shopping and trading environment.

The biggest problem of network marketing is that consumers can't get in touch with the products themselves, which requires merchants to convey their feelings about objects to consumers through pictures, videos and texts. Therefore, effective presentation of the product is crucial. In addition to common buyer shows, more and more businesses begin to regularly broadcast online to attract consumers, so that they can more intuitively understand the products through interaction with merchants and videos, so as to stimulate consumers' desire to buy. In terms of logistics, a series of measures such as high-quality product packaging, free shipping and alternate delivery can also enable consumers to get a good shopping experience.

The after-sales service system in network marketing has a direct impact on the sustainable development of e-commerce. Compared with the traditional trade model, online consumers not only pay attention to the quality and price of products, but also pay more attention to the after-sales service of products. Network marketing should be more integrity-based, constantly optimize and improve the after-sales service mechanism. Such as many businesses to provide worry-free return, return freight insurance, quick refund, extended warranty and a series of after-sales service measures. These measures also effectively enhance the credibility of businesses and customer loyalty.

In this era of change, Internet consumption is also constantly upgrading. More and more consumers tend to buy niche products and order service consumption, which requires Internet businesses to take the market demand as the orientation and adopt "one-to-one" marketing mode to timely meet the personalized needs of consumers. For example, in recent years, the rapid growth of online personalized housing and tourism route customization services, targeted housekeeping services, etc., reflect the changes in consumer demand. To meet the personalized needs of customers can better establish the relationship with consumers and form a closer business relationship.

With the booming development of e-commerce, the Internet consumption market is also changing. The network business should take the consumption psychology theory as the guidance, take the consumer's diversification demand as the orientation, combines the market reality, optimizes the network marketing strategy unceasingly, enhances the product added value and the brand competitiveness, can enable the enterprise in the market competition to preempt the opportunity, in an invincible position.

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Assignment代写：New aesthetic features of digital media art

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- New aesthetic features of digital media art，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了数字媒体艺术的新美学特征。在数字媒体艺术发展的过程中，人们通过对传统的美学概念更深层次的补充和对艺术语言内涵的补充，从多种形式上发展数字媒体艺术。数字媒体艺术是建立在数字技术以及网络技术的基础上的多媒体技术，通过对这些技术以及知识的应用，最终发展出动画和图像等艺术展示形式。数字媒体艺术突破了传统的艺术表现形式，将各个领域的相关内容进行结合，解决了艺术作品在展示形式上的单一问题，拓展了作品的创作空间，在艺术表演的形式上有了进一步的丰富和发展。

With the rapid development of social economy, science and technology got greater development, all kinds of digital electronic equipment, and the application of multimedia facilities also got a wide range of popular, has been applied in all walks of life, make the industry play more in the new period has the characteristics of era characteristics, has become a new industry production development of art, digital media art under the condition of the network information development is rapid also has the aesthetic characteristics of the new period.

With the advent of the network era, all aspects of production and life can be displayed by means of the computer platform. In the process of the development of digital media, digital media art, a new way of art exhibition, has been produced, which complements the defects existing in the traditional art exhibition forms, makes the art exhibition forms more diversified, and forms an impact on the traditional art exhibition forms. This paper starts from the main concept of digital media art, analyzes the aesthetic characteristics of digital media art, and combines the actual situation to organically integrate the traditional art display form and digital media, so as to promote the further development of students' artistic ability and add color to People's Daily life.

Digital media art is the use of computers and other electronic technology equipment, combined with Internet technology, break through the traditional manual display, use audio, video and a variety of image display to display artistic content. Compared with the traditional way of art display, digital media art is more convenient to operate and conforms to the requirements of The Times. It can be widely used in various industries in real life and can spread digital media art from multiple aspects. Digital media art in the display process can better attract the attention of the audience, bring better social and economic benefits.

Aesthetic characteristics refers to the people in the process of social practice, through the study of the realization of human nature, the external things and true characteristics organically, make the person's life emotions have a certain degree of satisfaction, and can make the person's mood more cheerful, make people use a variety of life phenomenon of the phenomenon. At the same time, aesthetics also requires that objective things should conform to the phenomenological needs of social reality and be separated from the reality of life. Therefore, it has a certain degree of visualization and rationality, and can truly reflect people's expectations and desires and unify the content and form. The new aesthetic feature is an art form further developed by processing digital media on the basis of the traditional aesthetic feature.

In the process of the development of digital media art, people develop digital media art from a variety of forms by supplementing the traditional aesthetic concept at a deeper level and the connotation of artistic language. Because digital media art often needs to be applied to many aspects of content in the display, and needs to organically integrate natural science and humanities, it has a certain degree of multimedia when establishing its own aesthetic characteristics and applying various knowledge. As digital media art often needs to apply a lot of cultural knowledge in the process of constructing its own aesthetic characteristics, it also needs to be supported by relevant digital network technology. First of all, digital media art is a multimedia technology based on digital technology and network technology. Through the application of these technologies and knowledge, the art exhibition forms such as animation and image are finally developed. Secondly, digital media art breaks through the traditional forms of artistic expression, combines relevant contents of various fields, solves the single problem of artistic works in the form of exhibition, expands the creation space of works, and further enriches and develops in the form of artistic performance. Therefore, compared with the traditional way of art display, it can be found that the use of digital media art can break through the limitations of previous art forms, and make cooperative use of multiple disciplines and comprehended knowledge, thus making the artistic momentum of digital media more vigorous. Finally, the digital media art and the modelling of the overall understanding of the essence of art is breakthrough the limitation of the traditional art, from a new aspect of the interpretation of digital media art, no longer will be limited on the image of expression of art, more is through the inner culture art supplement, to show more in line with the aesthetic and artistic works of art, try to pursue more rich artistic expression form of art development trend.

Art comes from life and feeds back into life. In the development of digital media art, the use of a variety of scientific and technological equipment, can show people more charm, attract people into the process of art appreciation, art creation. At the same time, digital media art not only gives full play to its appreciation value, but also develops an artistic atmosphere more in line with the unified appreciation level of the public, so that the artistic characteristics of digital media art show more civilian characteristics. In the process of the formation and development of each art work, it takes a long time to practice and operate, so the public often feel that the formation of art works is very complicated, which is difficult for ordinary people to achieve. However, with the development of digital media art and the application of various scientific and technological devices, the process of spreading artistic works has become universal, which can help people to continuously learn to imitate and form artistic works to a certain extent after learning. It is the application of such a technology that makes art more popular. Therefore, digital media art has the aesthetic characteristics of popularity.

During the creation and dissemination of digital media art, strict technical requirements are put forward for relevant digital technology equipment. It not only requires the actual technology of scientific and technological equipment to meet the requirements of design and re-application, but also requires the limited application of a variety of traditional disciplines such as science and ergonomics, so as to achieve the organic integration of traditional theories and modern science and technology, forming a collision in the application of artistic works in the new period, and giving play to different effects. Such a way of combining other technologies to create art works more in line with the aesthetic needs of the public, can meet the different aesthetic needs of the public at the level of visual effect and cultural connotation. In the real life to create the virtual space and time the creation of the environment, the artist can reality situation in such a collision culture transformation through the change of time and space integration, integration of a variety of factors of art, can bring people into the artist's world, understand the artist's emotion, in a virtual state for viewing. In the virtual state, people can meet their psychological needs and realize their dreams through the works created by artists. They can also break through the limitations of time and space in real life, achieve the goal of crossing time and space, and help people further meet their development needs.

Of the interactive digital media art aesthetic characteristics, mainly through the works of art to artists and appreciate the art of effective public links, mass can be in the process of to appreciate art through its own affection and artwork is the inspiration behind the resonate, realize the emotional interaction, and also can through the way of communication to build out in line with the emotional needs of artistic atmosphere, help both sides to better emotional interaction. Moreover, in the process of activities between the public and artists and works of art, in addition to emotional communication and interaction, the public can also carry out emotional development from the perspective of multi-level, multi-faceted, multi-time and multi-space. In fact, the process of emotional communication with artworks and artists is also a kind of art, which can give full play to the aesthetic characteristics of digital media art. At the same time, because of the wide application of Internet technology, people only need a phone that even on the network, can work to supplement modified, through the network platform of the contact and appreciate the link, to understand and meet the demand of the group, make the art work is not just the artist's thinking, and can also meet the watch the new demand of the masses, to be able to put more meaning and connotation of works of art, and further enrich the art works. In such a process, the public interacts with artists on artistic works through the Internet and analyzes their understanding of artistic works, so that effective interaction can be formed between artists, artworks and viewers. Such an interactive new aesthetic feature can help artists to get more inspiration in their creation and meet the emotional needs of the masses. At the same time, the masses can also learn about relevant digital media art more easily and help people to further improve their artistic level.

Under the influence of traditional concepts, people tend to believe that there are certain commonalities in artistic works. The images of artistic works are often the material in reality, which can be contacted and felt. However, digital media art has broken through the traditional way of art display and transformed the way of art display through multimedia devices. The influence of art works is no longer concrete material, but can be displayed from the human visual, auditory and other organs. The use of digital media can make transcoding analysis of artistic works, which further deals with the problem that artistic works can only be created through specific materials. As works of art creation tools, electronic equipment can create virtual art form, show the art of non-material cultural phenomenon, can let the artist's creative understanding from the real life of the electronic equipment to the virtual organization to shift, make the artist's creation the whole in a nonphysical state, can be more automated and digital art creation, breakthrough the traditional way of artistic creation and display, the audience comprehension ability get further development of art, which is in the new digital media art aesthetic characteristics of the features that are characteristic of non-material.

Through the new digital media art aesthetic characteristics analysis can be found that digital media art broke through the traditional way of art show, puts forward multiple possible on art creation, enrich the artist's creative process at the same time, by changing the various aspects of artistic creation, the use of electronic devices and the Internet technology, the overall artistic creation with the combination of the requirements in the new period closely, more accord with the requirement of people for art appreciation of access, making the art level of society further ascension, at the same time, also can promote the further development of art, making art to serve the people better.

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Paper写作怎么精简

很多中国留学生在写作Paper的时候，都情不自禁会把以前的写作习惯代入进去。比如说总是喜欢使用华丽的句子，把句子写得很长很长。但其实，国外教授更喜欢精简的语句，所以大家在写作Paper的时候还是尽量精简句子，下面就给大家讲解一下。

大部分中国留学生在写paper时，喜欢用一些副词以及形容词，认为这样写出来的文章看起来能够更加显现自己的文采。但事实并非如此，其实大部分的同学并不能很好的灵活运用这些词语，这样一来不仅不能达到加强句意的目的，反而还容易造成句意重复的错误。举个例子：

Admittedly, the governments play a vitally important role in taking precautions against environmental destruction and combat pollution.

在这个片段中，作者为了强调政府的作用，使用了play a vitally important role这一表达。其中vitally属于赘词，因为它的含义与后面的important有重复。

如果是为了强调政府的作用之大，那么可以直接写成play a vital role。像这种过度使用副词和形容词的现象也是与留学生们的汉语表达习惯有一定的关系。汉语文化中，我们会使用一些相同意思的词语来加强语气，比如无忧无虑、天真活泼……等，在汉语写作中是可以起到加分的作用的，但是在留学生paper写作中，就会造成句子冗长的感觉。

其次，句子要简洁，避免繁琐。

对于一些不必要的词语要去除，不要为了凑字而写文章。很多的留学生们在写作英文paper的时候，都会出现繁琐的通病，生活中，多语的文字、拐弯抹角的修饰等都是随处可见，在写作中去掉语言中的繁琐，可以文章的可读性更加强烈。如，“a personal friend of mine”中的“personal”，“his personal feeling”中的“personal”，很多类似这样的词，都可以去掉。“personal friend”，这种说法，可以用来区别商业伙伴，表示友谊的深浅。有些人感觉，“his personal feeling”里，“personal”和“his”重复了。

然后，要做到句型的精简。

有些留学生为了使自己的paper句型更加的多样化，就想着使用一些多样化的句型，这样的本意是好的，但是一定要合理的运用。如果运用不当就会造成句型不够直接，给人一种拐弯抹角的感觉，让读者不能够很好的理解句子的意思。

最后，paper写作中要坚持从句变短语，短语变单词的原则。

这种方法可以使你的文章看起来更加有特色，也减少了一些不必要的繁琐，不会让导师认为你的文章纯粹是为了凑够字数而写作的。

以上就是关于Paper写作精简的小技巧，当然，同学们在精简语句的时候也要保证句子的可读性。

想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯，我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Paper代写：The financial analysis

本篇paper代写- The financial analysis讨论了财务分析。财务分析报告从编写的时间来划分，可分为定期分析报告和非定期分析报告。严格的讲，财务分析报告并没有固定的格式和体裁，但要求能够反映要点、分析透彻、等要求。尽管财务分析报告没有固定格式，表现手法也不一致，但并非无规律可循。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Financial analysis has nothing to do with mastering the essentials. Care about operation process and know operation result. Think hard and be good at summarizing. You'll be able to do it.

Be able to reflect the financial idea, comprehensive quality, expression ability and communication ability of the reporter.

Financial analysis reports can be divided into two types according to the time of preparation: regular analysis reports and non-regular analysis reports.

Periodic analysis reports can be divided into daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual reports, which are specific according to the management requirements of the company.

Content written can be divided into three categories. First, comprehensive analysis report, second, special analysis report and third, project analysis report. A comprehensive analysis report is an analysis and evaluation of the company's overall operation and financial status. The special analysis report is a part of the company's operation, such as the analysis of capital flow and sales revenue variables. The project analysis report is an analysis of the bureau of the company as an independent operation project.

Strictly speaking, there is no fixed format or genre of financial analysis report, but it is required to reflect the key points, be thorough in analysis, have solid evidence, have distinct views and meet the requirements of the objects submitted.

In general, financial analysis reports should contain the following aspects: summary, explanation, analysis, evaluation and recommendation. It's usually referred to as five-paragraph. However, in the actual writing of analysis, there should be a choice based on the specific purpose and requirements, not necessarily including five parts.

In addition, financial analysis report can adopt some innovative methods in terms of expression, such as the combination of word processing and chart expression to make it easy to understand, vivid and vivid.

The first part of the summary paragraph, that is to summarize the general situation of the company, so that the financial report recipients have a comprehensive understanding of the financial analysis.

The second part is the introduction of the company's operation and financial status. This part requires the text to be expressed properly and the data to be quoted accurately. The absolute number, comparison number and composite index number can be properly used in the explanation of economic indicators. Pay special attention to the current focus of the company's operations. The company has different priorities in different stages and months, and needs different financial analysis focuses. If the company is engaged in the production and market development of new products, the financial analysis report that all levels of the company need to analyze the cost, payment collection and profit data of new products.

The third part is the analysis of the company's operating conditions. While explaining the problem, it is also necessary to analyze the problem, find the cause and cause of the problem, so as to achieve the goal of solving the problem. Financial analysis must be well-founded, and the indicators should be detailed and decomposed, because some data in the statements are relatively vague and general, and they should be good at using tables and diagrams to highlight the contents of the analysis. Analysis of problems must be good at grasping current key points, more reflection of the company's operating focus and easy to ignore problems.

The fourth part of the evaluation paragraph, after financial statements and analysis, for operating conditions, financial status, earnings performance. Fair and objective evaluation and forecast should be given from a financial perspective. Financial evaluation should not use irresponsible language such as paradoxical, progressive, regressive and left-right. It should be conducted from both positive and negative aspects. The evaluation can be conducted separately or interspersed with the explanation part and analysis part.

That is, the opinions and opinions formed by financial staff after analyzing the operation and investment decisions, especially the improvement Suggestions for the problems existing in the operation process. It's worth noting. The recommendations in the financial analysis report should not be too abstract, but should be specific. It is better to have a set of feasible solutions.

Establish ledger and database. Accounting documents, accounting books and accounting statements are formed through accounting. However, it is often not enough to write financial analysis reports based on the data of these vouchers, books and reports. For example, when analyzing the reasons for the growth of the ratio of operating expenses to operating income, it is often necessary to analyze the relationship between income and expenses realized by different regions, different commodities and different persons in charge, but these data cannot be directly obtained from the account book. This requires analysts to do a lot of statistical work. To analyze the project by nature, use, category, region, responsible person, according to the monthly, quarterly, annual statistics. Establish a ledger so that it can be documented when preparing financial analysis reports. At present, the company's ERP software data acquisition is not a problem.

Focus on what's important. Financial personnel should make a record of major changes in business operation and financial status, and record the time, plan, budget, responsible person and influencing factors of the changes. Analyze and judge immediately if necessary. Classify and file the documents of various departments.

Focus on operations. Financial personnel should try to attend relevant meetings as much as possible to understand production, quality, market, administration, investment, financing and other various situations. Attend meetings and listen to opinions from various parties, which is conducive to financial analysis and evaluation.

Collect reports regularly. In addition to collecting some data in accounting, financial staff should also ask relevant departments of the company to timely submit available other statements, which should be carefully reviewed, timely found out and summarized, so as to form the habit of thinking more and studying more.

Most corporate financial analysis is usually done by the financial manager, but the report notes are provided by the financial staff of each position. Therefore, all financial staff should be required to develop the habit of analysis on their own work, which can not only improve personal quality, but also benefit each post to learn from each other. Only when problems are found and analyzed by each position can a comprehensive and in-depth financial analysis report be prepared.

Although the financial analysis report has no fixed format and the presentation technique is inconsistent, it is not random to follow. If the analysis work guide is established, the routine analysis project will be written, standardized and institutionalized, and a series of analysis instructions such as cash flow, sales collection, production cost, procurement cost change, etc., the result will be twice the result with half the effort.

In order to explain the quantity relation and quantity difference between financial information. The comparative analysis mainly includes the ratio between actual and budget, the ratio between current period and last year. This enterprise and the industry related enterprises ratio.

It is to reveal the changes in financial status and operating results, as well as their causes and nature, to help predict the future. The trend analysis mainly analyzes the trend of enterprise production and operation and predicts enterprise development from the change of absolute value and the change of ratio and percentage.

Factor analysis is to analyze the degree of influence of several related factors on a certain financial index, usually by means of difference analysis. From the perspective of each factor. Understanding the influence of various factors on the production and operation of an enterprise can help to make reasonable and effective decisions.

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Essay代写：Asset appraisal criteria system

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Asset appraisal criteria system，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了资产评估准则体系。早期欧洲资产评估行业主要从事不动产领域评估。1967年欧洲共同体成立，根据《罗马条约》，成员国将实现经济一体化。各成员国法律存在着巨大差异，因此需要协调各成员国立法，制定统一的公司法。欧洲评估师协会联合会为了配合公司法顺利实施，出版了《欧洲评估指南》第一版。欧洲资产评估准则由欧洲评估协会联合会制定，主要面向欧盟成员国，具有很强的地域性和国际影响力。迄今为止，EVS已经发布了7个版本，资产评估业务也由单一的不动产评估向多元化评估发展。涉及评估领域包括房地产评估、机器设备评估、企业价值评估和无形资产评估等。

In the early days, the European asset appraisal industry was mainly engaged in real estate appraisal. In 1967, the European Community was established. Under the treaty of Rome, the member states would achieve economic integration. There are huge differences in the laws of the member states, so it is necessary to coordinate the legislation of the member states and formulate a uniform company law. In order to cooperate with the implementation of the company law, the federation of European appraisers' associations published the first edition of the European appraisal guide.

The European assets appraisal standards are formulated by the European appraisal association federation, mainly for the eu member states, with strong regional and international influence. TEGoVA was launched in Belgium, France, Germany, the UK and Ireland. Today, TEGoVA membership includes 45 associations in 26 countries. So far, EVS has released 7 versions, and the asset appraisal business has developed from a single real estate appraisal to a diversified appraisal. The related fields include real estate appraisal, machinery and equipment appraisal, enterprise value appraisal and intangible assets appraisal.

In the late 1980s, China ushered in reform and opening up, and the planned economy began to transform into a market economy. The initial goal of China's asset appraisal is to serve the restructuring, privatization and property rights transaction of state-owned enterprises, and to avoid the loss of state-owned assets caused by the expropriation and sale of state-owned assets at a low price. The valuation of assets at that time was single and discontinuous. The concepts, principles, assumptions and elements of asset valuation cannot be standardized from a theoretical perspective.

In 2001, the first standard of China's asset appraisal industry, intangible assets, was officially promulgated, marking an important step in the construction of China's asset appraisal standards. In 2004, the ministry of finance issued the asset appraisal standards -- basic standards and the asset appraisal code of professional ethics -- basic standards, laying the foundation for the basic framework of China's asset appraisal standards. Up to now, China's asset appraisal standard system has included 1 basic standard, 1 professional ethics code and 25 practice standards.

China's asset appraisal standards are divided into three parts: basic standards, practice standards and asset appraisal code of professional ethics. The practice standards are divided into three levels: specific standards, evaluation guidelines and guiding opinions. The basic criterion is the basic criterion for the appraiser to carry out the appraisal business for various asset types and purposes. The specific criteria are divided into procedural criteria and entity criteria, which are the operational steps and processes of the appraiser in the performance of the appraisal business, as well as the specific requirements for the appraisal business of different asset types. The evaluation guide is the basic specification of the evaluation business for a specific purpose. Guidance is a document providing guidance on specific issues or emerging issues in the asset appraisal business. The code of professional ethics for asset appraisal is the code of professional ethics, professional competence and professional attitude of asset appraisers, and the embodiment of social ethics in the asset appraisal industry.

The European assets appraisal criteria mainly include three parts: assets appraisal criteria and guidelines, European legislation, assets appraisal and other technical documents. The asset appraisal criteria are divided into market value, non-market value, qualified appraisers, appraisal procedures and appraisal reports, which stipulate the basic principles of appraisal. Assets evaluation guidelines include to financial report for the purpose of evaluation, evaluation for the purpose of the lease, the asset appraisal assessment into the purpose of securities property valuation, insurance value evaluation, for the purpose of individual investors the value of the assets assessment, cross-border assessment, based on alternative investment fund managers directive property assessment, real estate and energy efficiency assessment. Other technical documents specify the TEGoVA code of ethics and code of conduct and a summary of the TEGoVA minimum education requirements.

Compared with the European appraisal criterion system, China's asset appraisal criterion system has a clearer hierarchy, a more rigorous structure, and a more rigorous logic, with certain pertinence and flexibility. European assets appraisal criterion system pays more attention to detail and concretization, the content is more comprehensive.

China's basic asset appraisal standards are normative documents issued by the ministry of finance, which are the basic norms that asset appraisal institutions and their assessors should follow when carrying out various asset appraisal businesses. They are the basis and basis for formulating asset appraisal practice standards and asset appraisal professional ethics standards, and play a programmatic and guiding role. At present, there is no basic criterion in all countries. Therefore, the basic criteria is very Chinese characteristics, is a great innovation of China's asset valuation criteria. There is no basic part of the European asset valuation criteria, but embodied in each specific criteria.

The code of professional ethics for asset appraisal is a normative document formulated by China asset appraisal association, which has strong binding force and executive power. The European code of ethics is divided into two parts: code of ethics and code of conduct and minimum educational requirements. The similarities between the two lie in that asset appraisers are required to abide by relevant laws and regulations, have independence, integrity, diligence and responsibility, abide by the principle of confidentiality, be responsible to clients, institutions and colleagues, maintain their professional image, and not engage in activities that damage their professional image.

The biggest difference between the two lies in the professional competence of the appraiser. The provisions of China's assessment criteria are relatively simple, while the provisions of EVS are more detailed and specific. Assets evaluation professional code of ethics, points out that the valuer should receive special education and training, have corresponding professional knowledge and experience, to be able to do to implement the appraisal business, but there is no specific provision appraiser should have what kind of education, what kind of professional knowledge, general expression, is a kind of provisions. EVS has made detailed and comprehensive provisions on the educational requirements and knowledge and experience levels of appraisers. For example, the level of knowledge it expects from appraisers is divided into three levels in each discipline: understanding, general understanding and deep understanding. Appraisers need to understand the knowledge of economic theory and principles, business and finance, real estate, etc. Appraisers need to have general knowledge of real estate marketing, building and construction, energy efficiency, environmental and resource protection, etc. Appraisers need to have a deep understanding of financial laws and regulations, evaluation practice, evaluation theory, government policies and land use, and evaluation criteria. 4.3 comparison of specific criteria

China's asset appraisal criteria system attaches great importance to the implementation of appraisal procedures, and has set up corresponding criteria, including appraisal reports, appraisal manuscripts, appraisal procedures, etc.

Generally speaking, China's asset appraisal criteria focus on the formal structure, the specific operational specifications have not made a detailed explanation and explanation. In contrast to China, European asset valuation standards are more detailed and specific, but less structured. EVS does not have a separate engagement letter and working paper guidelines, but only a brief description in the evaluation process.

In terms of substantive norms, China and Europe have very different norms. China's substantive standards cover enterprise value, machinery and equipment, real estate and intangible assets, etc. This classification is in line with international assets evaluation standards, highlighting the characteristics of comprehensive evaluation business. Area and the assessment criteria in making more characteristics, its substantive standards issued in the form of guide, a total of eight guidelines, respectively is the financial report for the purpose of evaluation, for the purpose of leasing evaluation, with the "purpose" of the assets securitisation property valuation, insurance value evaluation, to individual investors for the purpose of evaluation, cross-border investment value evaluation, based on alternative investment fund managers directive property assessment and real estate and energy efficiency assessment. These eight major indicators are closely related to the economic and social development of Europe.

The biggest characteristic of European assets appraisal criterion is foresight, which is embodied in two criteria. First, in the context of economic globalization and open global markets, the European asset appraisal standards have kept pace with The Times and published cross-border appraisal standards. The cross-border criteria clearly specify the scope of application of the criteria, the expertise and market knowledge that the appraiser should possess, and how the appraiser should deal with issues such as independence and conflicts of interest to ensure the completion of the appraisal business with high quality. Second, European assets appraisal attaches great importance to environmental issues. TEGoVA complies with the development requirements of The Times, builds green evaluation criteria suitable for the country, and realizes sustainable development. This criterion is mainly aimed at property users and property, through the issue of green assessment certificates to enterprises, so that enterprises in the hearts of consumers to establish a good reputation.

After hundreds of years of development and experience accumulation, the European assets appraisal criteria in the operational aspects of more detailed. With the rapid development of China's economy, the assets appraisal business is increasing and the scope of appraisal is expanding. At this time, the operability of the guidelines is particularly important. The comprehensive revision of China's asset appraisal standards in 2017 has strengthened the operability of the standards, but there is still a big gap between the standards and those of Europe.

China's asset appraisal industry has been a "five dragons to control water" situation. Asset appraisal, land appraisal, real estate appraisal, mining right appraisal, used motor vehicle appraisal and insurance appraisal are respectively supervised by 5 departments. The problem of inconsistent standards is particularly serious, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the asset appraisal industry. In 2016, the asset appraisal law was issued, which laid a foundation for standardizing the development of the industry.

The asset appraisal major has a short history in colleges and universities. In order to improve this situation, teachers and students should take the rich teaching resources of the school as the basis, strengthen the connection with the evaluation agency, combine the practical activities with the theory of asset evaluation, and make the theoretical research of asset evaluation more objective and reasonable. To improve the theoretical system of asset appraisal discipline, promote the perfection and maturity of asset appraisal industry and criterion system while cultivating high-quality asset appraisal professionals.

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