Essay代写：The biotechnology industry in the United States

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The biotechnology industry in the United States，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的生物技术产业。美国的生物技术产业从上个世纪70年代起步以来，始终是全球生物科技的领跑者，其生物技术公司数量占全球总数的三分之一。虽然之后的发展有一段衰退期，但之后在大型生物技术公司的带动下，美国的生物技术产业再度进发出生机。美国生物技术产业作为一个整体，有望在未来几年内首次实现全面赢利。

As the birthplace of modern biotechnology, the modern biological industry of the United States is in the leading position in the world. Fifty-five percent of the world's listed biotech companies come from the United States, and they account for 72 percent of the global industry's total tax revenue and 70 percent of research expenses. Due to the large investment in biotechnology research and development in the United States, significant progress has been made in a number of areas. Many new sources of stem cells have been found, and adult stem cells show greater potential. Bioinformatics has promoted the development of the two high-tech industries of biology and information. The market of bioinformatics was about 9 billion us dollars in 2003. By the end of 2004, the United States had raised $20.8 billion for the development of the biotechnology industry. In 2006 America's biotech firms did well, raising money by 38%. Operating income for U.S. public and private companies rose 13 percent to $59 billion.

In order to maintain its leading position, guide and protect technological innovation and stimulate the rapid development of modern biological industry, the us government has also formulated and implemented a number of preferential policies. The us food and drug administration gives equal treatment to drugs produced using modern biological methods and traditional drugs. It no longer requires testing of each batch of drugs before the new drug is released. The patent protection period of biotechnology is extended from 17 years to 20 years, and the patent application takes effect immediately after it is accepted. The number of new products approved in the United States rose from 33 in 2005 to 36 in 2006, with licenses for new drugs and biotechnology products increasing from 21 in 2005 to 25 in 2006.

One of the things that makes the American biotech industry proud is the fact that the United States has five of the world's leading biotech industrial zones: Boston, San Francisco, San Diego, Washington and the north Carolina research triangle. Not only have they become the backbone of the local economy, but they have also become the foundation of the American biotechnology industry on a large scale.

The rise of the biotech industry in the region is no accident, but is driven by a number of important factors, including strong underlying research, a strong push from local institutions, the widespread use of information technology and strong support for venture capital.

Such as Harvard University and the Massachusetts institute of technology in Boston, San Francisco bay area of the university of California, San Francisco, the university of California, Berkeley, and Stanford university are famous in the world famous universities, the university of California, San Diego, San Diego, is the national university of the United States federal research one of the most popular college expenses. Second, the local biotechnology industry started early. For example, the north Carolina biotechnology center, established in 1981, was the first state-created biotechnology industry promotion agency in the United States, and the birth of this agency was instrumental in north Carolina's biotech boom.

At a time when biology is rapidly transforming into a computer-based science of protein structure and function analysis, it is vital that information technology advances in biotechnology. The silicon valley adjacent to San Francisco bay is home to a large pool of computer talent, an information technology talent that is a huge source of bioinformatics technology for the San Francisco bay biotech community.

The San Francisco bay of the risk of investment is it sufficient development industry another advantage: many big information technology in silicon valley companies invest the part of the profits in the biotechnology industry, which injected blood for bay area of biotechnology industry, help to promote high technology industry in silicon valley boom venture capitalists also help the San Francisco bay area the development of biotechnology.

In addition, the five regions also have other advantages, such as Boston's elite, north Carolina's low consumption level and close community cooperation atmosphere, and San Diego's outstanding living environment. In San Francisco bay, researchers are free to travel between universities and private businesses. Companies in the Washington area have an edge because they are close to where the policies are issued.

Since its inception in the 1970s, the U.S. biotech industry has been a global leader in biotech, its biotech companies. It accounts for one-third of the global total. After sketching the human genome sequence in 2000, the American biotechnology industry enjoyed a period of great success. Unfortunately, the "genomic bubble" soon burst. The recession of the U.S. economy as a whole, the scandals of biotechnology companies like imclone, and the slow response of government regulators led to the sluggish U.S. biotech industry in the past few years. Between the start of 2001 and the end of 2002, the total value of publicly traded U.S. biotech companies fell by $170 billion. As recently as early 2003, America's biotech industry was still in the doldrums. At the same time, in 2001 ~ 2002, 9 ? 11 and the effects of the recession in the United States, biotechnology industry into the "limbo" by Wall Street.

Since mid-2003, the biotechnology industry has come back to life, led by big biotech companies. According to statistics, by the end of 2003, there were more than 2,000 biotechnology companies in the United States, among which more than 300 companies were listed and the total market capital reached $330.8 billion. Biotechnology has become one of the core driving forces for the development of high-tech industries in the United States. According to the 2004 global biotechnology report, published by ernst & young in 2004, there are now more biotech companies close to profitability than ever before, and the U.S. biotech industry as a whole is expected to become fully profitable for the first time in a few years. At the same time, on the government side, the bush administration has made the biological and pharmaceutical industry a new economic growth point, and the annual cost of biotechnology research and development is more than 38 billion dollars, second only to military science.

The global biotechnology industry has made historic progress in recent years, according to the new global biotechnology report 2007 by ernst & young, a leading us consultancy. The head of the company's U.S. biotech division expects the U.S. biotech industry to be industry-wide profitable by 2010.

U.S. biotechnology industry's rapid recovery, although the benefit from the recovery of the U.S. economy as a whole, and biotech companies themselves in new drug research and development, management and other aspects of the performance, but more importantly also thanks to the United States government in the biotechnology industry policy, and adopted by the regulator fruitful reform. Most American biotechnology derived from universities or research institutions, etc., on the basis of academic research and development of technology, through a number of promoting government policy, capital market vigorously investment and help to the industrial development of laws and regulations system, led to the American biotechnology industry leading position in the whole world, to say, the U.S. government a number of policies and measures is the biotechnology industry in the world unique competitive advantage.

Currently, the United States has formed a joint research, development and production mechanism consisting of federal government, state government, enterprises, scientific research institutions and universities in the field of biotechnology industry. The government encourages cooperation in production, learning and research by delegating state research and development achievements. The U.S. biotech industry is the world's most successful example of biotech, and government support for industry plays a key role.

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Assignment代写：British maritime regulation

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- British maritime regulation，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国的海事监管。英国是世界上最早从事海上运输的国家之一。早在19世纪初，英国就成立了专业海事监管与海上救助机构。随着海洋经济的发展和海上运输模式的变化，英国也在不断完善海事监管救助机构的功能和运转，重点体现在海上搜救的专业化和社会化、海事监管理念的服务化和标准化、海事监管机构的精简化和高效化。

Drawing lessons from the maritime management experience of Britain and other maritime powers, we can improve the service concept of maritime institutions, promote the flat management of maritime institutions, strengthen the integration of maritime resources, and promote the exchange of excellent personnel to improve the overall level of maritime supervision in China.

As a traditional maritime power, how to ensure the safety of maritime transport is an important proposition accompanying its social development. As early as 1809, the United Kingdom established the maritime defense guard to prevent maritime smuggling and maritime accident rescue. By 1821, the maritime defence guard had officially become her majesty's coast guard, tasked with organizing and deploying forces to search for and rescue people in distress at sea. At the end of last century, with the development of the international maritime organization, Britain established the maritime and coast guard department on the basis of the original maritime safety department and coast guard, which was fully responsible for national maritime affairs.

The department of transport is the national maritime authority under which the British maritime and coast guard service is specifically responsible for maritime matters. Established in 1998, the British maritime and coastguard service is responsible for directing and coordinating search and rescue efforts within the search and rescue responsibility area to ensure the safety of personnel and vessels at sea and near shore. Second, check whether the ship meets international and British maritime safety standards, and implement the safety control of port state and flag state. Third, preventing and controlling Marine pollution; Fourth, promote the development of international maritime standards and policies; Fifth is to provide crew qualification assessment and certification services. It has the following characteristics:

The professionalization of MCA is reflected in the professionalization of daily training of search and rescue personnel, the advanced development of search and rescue boats, planes and equipment, and the high efficiency of coordination and cooperation of search and rescue operations. MCA has 362 volunteer teams in coastal ports across the country, with a total of about 3,500 volunteers. In normal times, it carries out professional training, regular exercises and training and assessment on rescue personnel to ensure that they have various search and rescue skills. Four search and rescue bases under the MCA are equipped with four search and rescue helicopters and several rescue tugs. As an important non-governmental assistance organization of MCA, the royal lifeboat association of the United Kingdom has 232 lifeboat stations and 444 lifeboats of more than 10 all-weather types, which can effectively cover coastal waters. MCA can also coordinate with the royal navy and air force to provide helicopter and boat rescue if necessary. In terms of equipment, MCA's 18 radar stations and AIS stations cover the entire coastal waters, and British satellite company can also provide effective satellite data support for search and rescue.

More than 90 per cent of all search and rescue efforts across the UK are being carried out by social forces. Rescue at sea depends largely on RNLI to carry out, and MCA is only in charge of search and rescue command. Founded in 1824, RNLI is the oldest maritime search and rescue charity in the world. It is funded by local town councils and charities. According to 2012 statistics, the society's lifeboats were used 8,321 times, rescuing 7,912 people, and were the main force in the UK's maritime and coastal search and rescue operations.

The function of British government is based on service. MCA divides the service objects into two categories, one is the professional personnel engaged in the shipping profession, the second is the seaside leisure entertainment general population. For all kinds of people, MCA gives relevant opinions and strategies in the way of "advisor", instead of proposing relevant requirements and standards from the perspective of "manager". For example, in ship inspection, MCA promises to work in a cooperative and partnership relationship, which embodies the concept of service object as the center, avoids the contradiction, and highlights the maritime management obligations, responsibilities and goals.

MCA has been continuously improving its service level. Its main feature is to constantly refine service standards and make external commitments. For example, the commitment standard for search and rescue: response within 10 seconds after receiving the alarm; After receiving the alarm, make the search and rescue plan and implement the action within 5 minutes; After the emergency procedure is started, the water in danger will be reached within the specified time. Standards for the issuance of crew certificates: after receiving the application with complete documents, the admission ticket will be issued within 28 days to approve the examination; The crew certificate shall be issued within 14 days after receiving the application with qualified results and complete documents; Application for eligibility to be granted within 14 days of receipt of the crew payment receipt.

MCA adheres to the flat development concept, reduces the intermediate management level and highlights the effect of front-line organizations.

The MCA operates a divisional division, with four divisions, including the east of England, wales and the west of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland, breaking down the administrative boundaries. Under the four sub-districts, there are 18 maritime regulatory authorities, 17 maritime search and rescue coordination centres, 1 shipping and crew registration centre, 1 EPIRB centre and 1 fishing vessel inspection centre. Each level has a clear division of labor, the combination of blocks, efficient operation.

MCA adopts the board leadership system and sets up five departments, namely maritime comprehensive business department, technical service department, quality standard control department, human resources department and finance department. The board of directors consists of four members, namely the chief executive officer, who is fully responsible for the work of MCA; Director of maritime safety and standards control, responsible for the safety and quality control of ships and crew; Policy and finance director, responsible for finance and coordination; Maritime operations executive director responsible for maritime search and rescue, pollution control, human resources and development management. 4 clear division of labor, coordination and cooperation, to ensure efficient operation of the organization.

All departments of MCA coordinate and cooperate with each other. The maritime comprehensive service department is responsible for carrying out legal inspection and safety inspection of ships, ensuring that ships of their own nationality meet domestic safety standards, implementing port state supervision of ships of other nationalities, conducting investigation and prosecution of merchant ships that violate shipping regulations, assisting in maritime search and rescue and preventing ship pollution; The technical services department is responsible for radio and voice communications systems; The quality standards control department is responsible for the assessment and formulation of standards for the ship, crew, Marine environment and internal quality management; The human resources department is responsible for internal human resources management; The finance department is responsible for the financial management of MCA and the provision of contract services. Two maritime business status, comprehensive sales department consists of the maritime such as law enforcement, inspection, shipping, search and rescue response out of the eight departments, such as quality control consists of the quality management system, quality, risk analysis and prevention area to the shipping, navigation safety, such as nine departments, further refinement of the maritime business, better for small, specialized, refined maritime business management.

As the concepts of "China dream" and "maritime power" have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the maritime development strategy has become an important part of the national development strategy. How to effectively promote the scientific development of maritime management and meet the new requirements of changing domestic and international situation is a major opportunity and challenge faced by maritime management institutions. Referring to the maritime management experience of Britain and other western powers, the following Suggestions are proposed for the development of maritime management in China:

Although in recent years, China has proposed the transformation of government functions and highlighted the concept of service, most management agencies and public officials still think about their work from the perspective of "managers". In the establishment of institutions and the division of responsibilities, they mainly consider the factors of internal management and ignore the service counterparts. Therefore, in the future, more attention should be paid to the awareness of transposition thinking, the concept of service management should be set up, and the opinions of shipping enterprises and waterborne employees should be listened to, so as to achieve the scientific development of maritime management through both internal management and external environment.

At present, China is implementing a three-level management and four-level implementation mechanism. Although the responsibilities and functions of institutions at all levels are clearly defined, they still show shortcomings such as information transfer at different levels and cumbersome process. Taking the reporting of dangerous situations and instructions for example, the Marine department first reported to the branch bureau, the branch bureau reported to the direct department bureau, and the direct department reported to the department search and rescue center office for transmission from bottom to top. Conversely, the transmission of search and rescue instructions was also distributed from top to bottom. To some extent, it reduced efficiency and affected the search and rescue effect. It can be learned from the UK that the way of direct instructions from MRCC to search and rescue organizations is to implement flat management. A certain level of maritime or search and rescue organization, bypassing the original intermediate level and directly facing the execution level, is one of the directions for future search and rescue mechanism reform.

Modernization of equipment system, informationization of supervision technology and professionalization of personnel are important factors to promote the rapid development of maritime industry. In spite of the maritime 20 years of rapid development, countries spend a lot of money to introduce such as VTS, of AIS and ECDIS and other advanced equipment and regulation system, equipped on certain hardware, is already the world's leading level in our country, but in such aspects as system, management and maintenance of the application of existing problems, has yet to give full play to the effect of modern equipment system, mainly manifested in the following points: one is the operating personnel, maintenance personnel, equipped with did not meet the requirements; Second, things like repeated input and resource waste happen from time to time. Third, some resources fail to achieve a high degree of integration, and the phenomenon of each department fighting for itself is more prominent. To solve these problems, can begin from the following two points: one is standing in the height of the national development strategy, formulate a unified construction and management, data standard, specification, effectively integrate the regulatory systems, build national maritime regulatory network platform, wading institutions and departments are using this platform, realize information sharing and resource integration. 2 it is to strengthen the cultivation of the maritime professionals, use, communication and training mode to cultivate virtuous cycle, previously taught a generation after generation, different people communicate with each other in the field of communication, not only ensure the high quality, professional team of continuously updated, and realize the efficient to cultivate inter-disciplinary talent, is an important role in promoting the development of China's maritime management maintain a high level.

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英文论文要怎样修改

在很多留学生眼中，英文论文写完就了事了，就可以出去嗨了。这样看起来好像没有问题，但其实问题很大。因为英文论文只有经过认真检查和修改才算真的完成，不然要是论文里有错误，就会影响论文的质量。那么英文论文要怎么修改呢？下面就给大家讲解一下。

修改论文的思想观点

读者要能从论文中读出核心观点、主张，论点是文章的统帅，所以在修改时要尽量让主题认识深刻，当然前提是中心论点要正确集中，与文题相符，最好具有创新性。

要推敲文章的标题。阅读一篇论文，首先看到的就是标题，所以必须在推敲标题上下功夫。什么是好标题呢？既要能总结概括文章内容，又要简练，英文题目还不能出错。

修改文章使用的材料

要证明论点就要使用论据以及科学的论证方法，论证的前提就是有材料，对材料的修改主要是对材料进行增加、删减、调整。一般是先查核校正，看材料本身是否真实可信准确，其次是根据论证中心论点和个分论点的要求修改材料，增加必须要用的材料，跟主题有关的可以多使用几个；删去多余的冗杂的例子、数据。

修改论文的结构

结构是文章的骨架，结构的好坏直接关系论文内容的表达效果，检查的重点是看论文是否构成一个完整严密的整体。修改结构要达到以下标准：结构严谨，结构完整的同时要保证大小论点之间有紧密的逻辑性；层次清楚，从文章的目录可以看出大标题和小标题是否出现混乱现象；思路连贯，检查上下文之间有没有出现断层，一般上文论证的小论点对下文有启发作用，下文对上文有总结作用；详略得当，重点的地方要不惜笔墨，该少写的就要惜墨如金。

修改文章的语言

语言的修改要达到：

1、表达清楚简练；

2、表达准确；

3、语言连贯。

语言要符合论文的要求，文字标点使用恰当准确，文面书写规范。

以上就是关于英文论文的修改讲解，同学们可以从以上四个方面审视自己的论文，然后作相对应的修改。

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Paper代写：Knowledge management

本篇paper代写- Knowledge management讨论了知识管理。如今，知识已经成为最重要的经营资源，知识管理已经跃升为企业管理的核心。然而，面对如此滚滚激荡的时代发展潮流，究竟如何有效地管理知识资源呢，这似乎已经成为企业经营成败所思考的关键。于是有的新企业家开始设立首席知识官员职位，以求通过引进和利用知识管理的方法，把企业的智力资本转化为真正的竞争优势，使股东权益最大化。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

In knowledge economy era of the knowledge management as a focal point, analysis the development of the enterprise customer management reality, and connecting with the domestic famous enterprises such as haier, lenovo, wuliangye classic case, will strengthen the enterprise's knowledge management and improve the customer value. And the possibility of customer delivered value and method of question has carried on the detailed discussion, to strengthen entrepreneur awareness of cultivating enterprise core competitiveness and improve their competitive advantage provides the direction of the strategic thinking.

Wave of world economic integration has the rest of the world, IT makes the "global village" every citizen of the deeply felt the information age brings strong shock. Merger with aol time warner, PCCW digital power holdings Hong Kong telecommunications, netease, sina, sohu, a group of Internet companies such as the birth of IT industry in the stock price ship to rise all the way, have marked the operation of modern enterprises has been completely from traditional products to give priority to with human capital, intellectual resources development. Knowledge - has become the most important business resource, knowledge management has become the core of enterprise management. However, how to manage knowledge resources effectively in the face of such surging trend of The Times seems to have become the key to the success or failure of enterprise management. As a result, new entrepreneurs began to set up "chief knowledge officers", aiming to transform the intellectual capital of enterprises into a real competitive advantage and maximize shareholders' equity through the introduction and use of knowledge management.

Management related research shows that, the enterprise in order to seek more customer resource, realize the goal of profit maximization, has gradually reach of centre of gravity of the operation and management, to customer management as top priority, focus on building a market-oriented business, treat customers has become entrepreneurs common pursuit of fashion. To this, the haier group move service was launched, the family line that extends to customers, make customer never leave home can enjoy perfect after-sales service; At the same time, haier business household central air conditioner and was the first to put forward the concept of free design for the customer, let the customer directly involved in product design activities, and in the pre-sale service of individuation in the space. The lenovo group is set free service hotline 800, where all the issues related with the lenovo computers, lenovo engineer will be a cordial conversation with enthusiasm to answer for you, allowing you to fully appreciate the wonderful feeling of "customer first". Both haier and lenovo flexibly apply two concepts in the process of customer management: the knowledge management concept of integration and innovation; Customer is god's customer value concept.

Marketing theory is that customers in the process of purchase, tend to the integrated use of the factors such as knowledge, experience and effort, according to "maximize value", according to the principles of numerous brands and suppliers to choose what you need products. "value maximization" is the main target of customer purchase behavior, as well as the evaluation standard of success for trading. Therefore, TCL creates the service concept of "creating value for customers" in the process of customer management, so that customers can acquire more customer transfer value while purchasing TCL products.

Customer value and customer transfer value are a pair of interrelated combinations. The latter refers to the difference between the total value obtained by the customer and the total cost paid by the customer to obtain the total value. When purchasing products, customers expect to acquire product value, service value, image value and personnel valThe concept of customer transfer value contains a totally different idea from the traditional concept: what customers get when they buy a product is not only the function and quality of the product, but also what they pay for the product, not only the purchase price. Delivered value, therefore, can be regarded as profit gained by the clients to buy the product. As companies want to as high as possible profits by selling products, customer buying behavior is also eager to "profit maximization". In order to ensure customer satisfaction, improve customer delivered value, the enterprise can through two channels for three choices: or try to improve customer value, or try to reduce customer costs, or improve customer value and reducing the customer cost in both directions to marketing efforts.

In marketing practice, the enterprise only rely on their own value chain, is unable to pass the value of the customer need to the client. In response, the value of enterprises need from the supplier. Then in terms of product production, and sales the products to distributors, at the same time yourself or rely on the agent service provider to provide service for the customer. Only the value chain of these institutions, for the customer creation value can be passed to the customer, form their own customer demisability value system. For example, power supply enterprises in production and management practice, need to buy electricity from power generation enterprises, and then through the grid to sell to the customer, at the same time to provide design, consultation, installation, commissioning, maintenance and other services, the entire process depends on three power generation companies, power supply enterprises and clients to cooperate with each other form to complete the assignment of the value system.

In today's new economic era, it should be the goal of every enterprise to strengthen knowledge management, rationally explore the potential of customer value transfer system, make the whole system operate effectively, and provide customers with as much transfer value as possible. So how should enterprises integrate and design the knowledge possessed by the customer value transfer system, realize knowledge sharing, and build themselves into a learning organization and knowledge team to realize the goal of maximizing customer value transfer, which will be the focus of this paper.

In strategy based on the analysis of the situation, the enterprise can make use of "knowledge defect analyzer" comprehensive analysis of their intellectual needs, formulate feasible strategy of knowledge management. In marketing practice, is everywhere, from the cruel competition between businesses may spell it out for every one percent market share each. Enterprise's internal resources is abundant, the external condition is superior, what is the status in the industry, these conditions for enterprises to choose and implement the development strategy has important influence. Once we clear the enterprise of knowledge required to perform the function of every business assets, Further analysis of knowledge assets is particularly important. For this reason, the current knowledge level of the enterprise should be graded according to the three grades of high, medium and low to obtain quantified scores. At the same time, enterprises should also score major competitors based on business intelligence reports and expert judgment. By comparing the two, an image can be quickly obtained, that is, the position of the enterprise in the industry and the type of skills acquisition program to be considered, as well as the time required to make up the gap based on the knowledge gap analysis between the enterprise and its main competitors.

This analysis can let top management know enterprise relative to the competition's strengths and weaknesses, and found the environment caused by the threats and opportunities to enterprises, so as to make it in "on earth is the knowledge of the existing defects can intake by increasing the knowledge to make up for, or by bundling, merger or takeover of a more comprehensive way to compensate for the" on the issue of making strategic decisions, and on this basis, make enterprise acquire knowledge framework, network design and implementation of the corresponding knowledge, to accumulate the changes in the customer value and customer delivered value, knowledge, and to improve the customer delivered value to establish a fast green channel.

Establishing the learning organization, and gradually transition to the knowledge-based team. In the process of enterprise development, learning activity is necessary. Learning behavior is generally divided into two level individual learning and organizational learning. Individual learning through practice, theoretical study, and the experience of others suggest three ways. The individual learning is the basis of organizational learning, organizational learning is further sublimation of individual learning, it can make the individual implicit knowledge is superficial, into the knowledge Shared by the organization. But both individual learning and organizational learning, are generally over time and encourage individual and group psychological energy accumulation and mutation, to push the organization forward.

Building a learning organization can be achieved through technical means such as databases, applications, electronic conferences, work groups, E-mail and the Internet. Once the learning organization is established, it can effectively promote the enterprise to learn new knowledge quickly, and help the enterprise to realize the leap of group energy through the surface and effective of individual energy.

In fact, the establishment of a learning organization creates conditions for the transition from an enterprise to a knowledge-based team. After the establishment of a learning organization, it is easy to extend all the processes used for online learning to the sharing of "best practices". Here, the change from internal and external training to knowledge creation is a very natural process. From the perspective of software and hardware facilities, the technical means used to create a learning organization is also very useful for the knowledge sharing process. In addition, from the perspective of "people", the process of establishing a learning organization has prepared the behavior and culture for the development of knowledge management.

Use of knowledge management, establish and maintain customer loyalty to the enterprise. The development of enterprises depends largely on the customer to enterprise's trust and repeat purchase of enterprise products. Loyal customers are the vitality of an organization. When an enterprise can effectively control the customer capital, will enhance their sustainable development, keep the possibility of vitality. The investigation shows that customer loyalty depends mainly on two factors: one is the enterprise staff's loyalty; 2 it is to the enterprise and its customers the positive perception of the brand. In a sense, customer loyalty is a reflection of the enterprise staff loyalty. If the enterprise employees often inspired for your own work, and be able to feel pleasure from the work, get satisfaction, then they will be more active in daily work affect customers, to increase the likelihood of customer purchase and repeat purchase. At the same time, the staff to enterprise's loyalty will also promote the customer loyalty to the enterprise. On the contrary, if a enterprise employees in cao cao heart in han, not at ease with the enterprise work all day, That it is not easy to let people believe that the customers of the enterprise is to establish and maintain a sense of loyalty to the enterprise. For an enterprise to improve the staff loyalty approach is to first determine the company's mission and values, in the process of operation and management practice, and enough time and energy, use a variety of form is widely spread, make it widely recognized by staff to deep heart; Secondly, the content of work should be enriched to make employees feel challenges and happiness in work. In addition, employees should be actively involved in corporate decision-making to enhance their sense of responsibility and sense of achievement. In addition, the customer's perception of enterprises and their products are generally through the use of the products, interpersonal communication and mass media advertising, etc. The customer's positive perception and product quality, price, service quality and the public image of the enterprise and other factors are closely related. The better the quality of the products, the price is relatively lower, the perfect, public image, more perfect after-sales service, the stronger the customer to the enterprise's trust, the easier it is to establish the enterprise and its brand loyalty. In response, enterprises can begin from the following aspects to enhance the customer's trust.

Don't use IT technology, establish a corporate image itp system, enterprise visual identification subsystem, behavior identification subsystem, through modern art form, the enterprise values, code of conduct, cultural traditions and work style, such as cultural factor to spread to all directions, enable customers to better understand the enterprises and their products. Such as wuliangye group's corporate image series in the central television image vividly the wuliangye group's corporate culture, make the public enjoyment of music, dance, or TV story at the same time, easily understand the wine wuliangye group and its series. And then for the group's brand extension and expansion strategy to cultivate a loyal customer base.

Build customer information database or data warehouse, and through the enterprise local area network to realize the resource sharing, to ensure that every link of enterprise business processes to creatively think for customers, enhance customer satisfaction of consumer, the assignment of the value and create more value for customers. For example, haier group launched "each design for you" activities, is the best example. They participate in the design of clients you need products to attract customers, establish personalized customer database, enable customers to fully feel the air of haier culture in the process of activities, and art to cultivate the customer loyalty of haier. And as a power supply enterprise to establish customer center, accurately record customer personalized information, on the one hand can make the customers through customer integration system to view his/her related files, such as electricity consumption in each period, the pay of characteristics of the electricity, electricity, etc.; On the other hand, the engineers of the customer center can also make Suggestions for customers' reasonable consumption according to their personalized information and customer development strategy, so as to establish a good impression on the power enterprises in the customers' minds.

From what has been discussed above, we analyzed the importance of knowledge management, the development trend of enterprise customer management, and the use of the main method of knowledge management to improve the customer delivered value, there is reason to believe that fully, one enterprise under the guidance of the profit maximization goal, as long as good at acquisition, sorting, transmission, application, all kinds of knowledge, can cultivate their own core competitiveness, form competitive advantage, beat the competition, maintain the sustained, stable and orderly development. In today's world, has entered the knowledge economy era. Individuals have the knowledge, will possess wealth; Enterprises will flourish if they are good at using knowledge resources. As a result, knowledge management should not only be a concept in people's mind, but should be a positive action of one person, one enterprise, one nation and one country. Only in this way, this person, this enterprise, this nation, this country will develop the tide forever, will have a bright future.

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Essay代写：U.S. trade in services

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- U.S. trade in services，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的服务贸易。美国是当今世界服务贸易最为发达的国家，其货物贸易的逆差也可以由服务贸易顺差来弥补一部分。美国的服务贸易对于美国的经济有着举足轻重的作用，美国政府也高度重视服务贸易的发展。美国国会贸易立法和行政部门的重要目标之一是要减少本国的巨额贸易逆差和增强出口竞争力，因此服务业出口也成为目前美国政府促进贸易和本国经济发展的主攻方向。服务贸易方向有多元化发展趋势，以贸易的地理作为考量标准，美国的对外服务贸易伙伴逐渐趋于多元化。

In the field of international trade, the most rapid development is service trade. The growth rate of service trade of western developed countries greatly exceeds the growth rate of their trade in goods. The centre of the world economy is also tilting towards trade in services. As the service trade can bring the rich return, each country is also actively studying the way to develop the service trade. The United States is the most developed country in service trade in the world, and its goods trade deficit can be partly made up by the service trade surplus. By analyzing the United States as a model of the rapid development of the service trade in the western developed countries, we can fully understand the reasons and impetus for the rapid development of the service trade in the United States.

The United States is the most developed country in the modern service trade. Whether it is the import and export of service trade, the growth rate of service trade and the contribution rate of service trade to GDP is much higher than other developed countries. In 2009, the total value of us trade in services reached $507,486 billion, and in 2008, the value of us trade in services reached $522 billion, accounting for 14% of the total value of world trade in services. The value of us trade in services reached $364 billion, accounting for 10.5% of the value of world trade in services. The us is an important player in the capital, technology-intensive and high-value-added services sector. In 2007, the exports of copyright and license, insurance, finance, communications, computers and information were $172.501 billion, accounting for 34.17% of the total exports of services. The United States has been a world leader in these areas. In a January 31, 2007 press release, CSI said that the U.S. trade in services is in surplus at least since the U.S. government has detailed statistics. The U.S. is undoubtedly the world's largest and most competitive exporter of services.

There are mainly the following aspects: the United States' total trade in services is large, the growth is fast, and the surplus is large. The United States is the world's largest importer and exporter of services, with a value of $479.15 billion. The us trade in services is structurally sound. The United States leads the world in many service trade industries: insurance, computers and information, finance, other business services, personal culture and leisure, communications, construction, transportation, travel and royalties and licenses. The government attaches great importance to the development of trade in services. The service trade of the United States plays an important role in the American economy, and the American government also attaches great importance to the development of the service trade. One of the important goals of the trade legislation and administration of the us congress is to reduce the huge trade deficit and enhance the export competitiveness. Therefore, the export of service industry has become the main direction of the us government to promote trade and the development of the domestic economy. Service trade has diversified development trend. By measuring the geography of trade, America's foreign service trading partners are becoming more diverse. Balanced development of trade in services contributes a lot to the economy. From 2000 to 2005, the exports of us service trade were respectively 295.97 billion us dollars, 283.06 billion us dollars, 288.79 billion us dollars, 299.39 billion us dollars, 340.94 billion us dollars, 376.79 billion us dollars. The service industry is very developed and the technical content of the service industry is higher and higher. The government attaches great importance to the development of service trade, and the advantages of the department can be brought into play. The service trade of the United States can develop rapidly and play an important role in promoting its economy. The us government has established a relatively perfect legal system and management mechanism for service trade mainly by means of publicity, legislation and establishment of specialized agencies. In order to create a favorable external environment for the rapid development of domestic service industry and service trade, it can quickly form the comparative advantage of service trade, so as to obtain more profits from service trade in the future. Among the decrees and bills that were enacted were the foreign trade act of 1994, the Uruguay round agreement act, and President Clinton's 1994 national export strategy implementation report to congress. In trade negotiations with other countries, the United States relies on its strong political and economic strength to implement multilateralism, bilateralism and regionalism to pressure other countries to meet its needs. After eight years of negotiations, Morocco formally concluded and signed the first international standard framework for trade in services - the general agreement on trade in services on April 15, 1994, which opened up new space for the United States in trade in services.

Through developing policies to stimulate the growth of service trade and maintain the global leading edge of service trade. The supporting service trade policies formulated by the United States according to its own advantages and economic growth needs, among which the most important role is all the strategies, strategies, policies and specific measures reported in the national export strategy over the years. Support key industries in service trade and maintain the global competitiveness of service trade exports. Laws and regulations on service trade statistics are formulated to support the development of service trade. The international investment and service trade survey act, passed by congress in 1985, is an important starting point. Now, the United States has established the most complete and scientific statistical system in the world, and will continue to improve the statistical system based on the development of its service trade. We will establish a highly developed export promotion system and implement supportive policies for major service export projects.

Through this series of efforts, the United States has made its service trade develop rapidly, and some of its advantageous industries are far ahead of other countries in the world. Among them, the tourism income of the United States has been the first in the world for many years, which reached 106.736 billion dollars in 2007. U.S. financial services exports reached $39.878 billion in 2005, $474.39 billion in 2006 and $58.266 billion in 2007. The transportation industry in the United States rose to $77.172 billion from $622.551 billion in 2005 to 2007, becoming the industry with high export value in the service industry.

For the United States, the rapid development of service trade not only has a remarkable contribution to the economy, but also has a profound impact on the industrial structure optimization and adjustment, economic development and employment. Only for industrial structure, for example: trade in services in the development of the industrial structure adjustment and the various services are closely linked, as one of the industry occupy the domestic market until after the domestic market saturation, it will seek to develop foreign markets, after market profits abroad and will return to their positive development is more advanced service products. After domestic enterprises research and develop new products or service upgrades, they will be put into foreign markets. In this way, when the cycle goes up, there will be products driving the industry, and the industry will promote the industrial structure to develop in a more optimized direction. Therefore, it can be seen that the United States attaches great importance to the development of service trade in the government, which is of great significance to the development of its own economy and the promotion of national competitiveness.

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