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英文论文写作的论据

2018-11-28 17:16:34 | 日記
想必留学生们都知道,在写作英文论文时,你需要使用大量的论据来证实你的观点,这样才能说服别人,这也是英文论文拿高分的前提。当然,论据也是英文论文写作中的一个难点,很多留学生都为此感到头疼。那么英文论文写作的论据具体是怎样的呢?下面就给大家讲解一下。

一、论据产生作用的过程

留学生要注意的是:在论证中,我们在理解和处理时,论据是最抽象、最困难的要素。通常留学生在英文论文中提出的论据是为了连接理由和观点,当然,留学生也可以提供论据说明证据如何和理由产生关联,如如论据将一个观点连接到支持观点的理由那样,它也将一个理由连接到支持该理由的证据。

二、论据呈现出来的样子

其实,留学生在撰写英文论文时,会用许多方式来陈述论据,从直截了当到迂回的方式都有。举三个不同表达的例子:如果问题持续下去,投入在预防上的资源便被浪费了。花了钱没有收获是一种浪费。如果你仍然需要治疗,那么再少预防都是浪费。不管通过什么方式做陈述,论据总是包含两个部分:一是一般情况,另一个是读者据以推想的一般性后果。在留学生完成英文论文的时候,一般采用的比较多的是陈述论据的方式,这种方式是最有用的,因为,它可以清楚地区分论据具备的两个部分,即:如果当X时,则Y.

三、检验论据的正确性

建议留学生在陈述英文论文的论据时,切记反问自己三个问题,以便提前克服导师见到文章后的任何抗拒你的观点,要假如老师可能会挑战你的论据。

1.该论据是正确的且有适当的限定条件吗?

2.该论据可应用于理由和观点吗?

3.就导师而言,这个论证是适当的且有说服力的吗?

以上就是关于英文论文写作的论据讲解,同学们在写作英文论文的过程中可以参考上文的要点将论证这部分做好,这样英文论文的质量才能得到提升。

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作业代写:The style of clothing design

2018-11-28 17:15:12 | 日記
下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The style of clothing design,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了服装设计的风格泛化。风格泛化是后现代服装设计的主要特征之一。它在服装设计中有三种表现方法,即作品风格游离不定,消解艺术风格,集群各种风格元素。西方服装设计风格泛化的盛行培养了一大批优秀的后现代服装设计师,他们把不同时间、不同空间、不同民族的风格集合起来,集浪漫和优雅于一身,让人形成一种时光流逝的奇特感觉。

Post-modern style generalization refers to the free style, no depth, popular refers to a style can such, also can do. The intention of the postmodern art, technique and the uncertainty of meaning, the material makes the style of work in completely free state; In addition, the post-modern art is completely open, every time and people art can be both high and low to appear at the same time, at the same place and designers in large quantities with each area, each nation, each historical period, various schools of style, put yourself in the past and future, radical and tradition, center and the edge, between rational and irrational, such as ambiguous.

Work style drifting about anything can be a garment, but what style can not, this is the style of post-modernism garment. A portion of the work may have the Oriental flavor, while others may have obvious exotic atmosphere, or borrow the futuristic style, the large number of integrated and change the style of work is difficult to decide. Silver, Dr Glenn work conference in Paris, spring and summer of 1998, obviously borrowed from the future socialist sense of metals and machinery. And he won in 1999 and autumn/winter 2000 show a black skirt is more full of sense of the future: model lines with decorative pattern, several stringing beads around her neck, lumbar strange modelling will charge very fine waist, exaggerated hip, the modelling of the strange with a similar plastic piece of hard material. Design and creation of modern clothing has a depth of theme and intention, but for the postmodern clothing designer, creative intention is fuzzy imprecise; Works of the same clothes, different people can feel or warmth from different angles or indifference or romantic or humorous or satirical effect.

Resolution on the art style of postmodern art pursuit is one of the biggest possibility, it is always the various nourishment, in all sorts of previous material to extract elements of art, the past and future, radical and traditional, center and the edge of the disintegration of artistic style, rational and irrational and compromise.

In postmodern clothing of popularization, the past, present and future time series is upset. Postmodernism clothing beyond the past and face the past, has two sides; Postmodernism clothing choice and the combination to traditional, who used to work with the current the most relevant elements of the compromise, namely a fold neutral; Postmodernism clothing in the face of the past is in view of the future to weave the trace of the past, which explain the multiplicity of characteristics. Frank cable - autumn and winter clothing conference in 2007, by means of different clothing style, with a variety of different clock for decoration, in the past, present and future, let a person feel the passage of time already, and feel the progress of the society.

Postmodern clothing is not in order to restore the true sense of national tradition, also is not to make public in the true sense of rational spirit, by attempting to comprehensive utilization of human clothing rich and colorful history, to realize the modern functional clothing machine-made mode to resist and rebellion. Postmodernists, on the one hand does not recognize all kinds of classical costumes, ethnic costumes hidden behind the kind of deep religious concept and ethics emotion, on the other hand also don't think the rule of the science of modern costumes and functional for must be higher than that of classical costumes and national people's religious or ethical spirit, act the role of the agency to cancel the "depth mode" and realize "value pluralism", on the basis of the classical costumes and multivariate techniques of national costumes and the scientific methods of modern clothing only on my land together.

In the modern era, culture has been fully popularization, high culture and popular culture, the distance of the pure literature and popular literature is disappearing. Contemporary art against the mainstream and the center of art feeling, contempt for authority and classical art, more focus on fun and follow one's inclinations of emotional catharsis. The creation of the forefront of contemporary clothing designers do not deliberately pursue style modeled, although the formation of the designers of the past self style feel proud and proud. Because the establishment of the traditional clothing style is one of the artists a mark of success, and in the contemporary, form style instead more easy to cause the end of the road of art career, unless the breakthrough. The so-called fuzzy and lack of artistic style is continuously before the so-called edge artistic style is increasingly accepted, clothing is no longer the primary and secondary points, is good for consumers.

Postmodernism clothing in many ways to get rid of and beyond, including modernism all the bondage of traditional clothing concept and boundaries, it is not deliberately yes or no the concept of the clothing to exist in the clothing work, the distance between the creator and appreciator starts slowly to dent. Clothing works expressed by the viewers are unlikely to be able to feel, and creators to express may not be present this language, creating more did not have a clear direction, its irrational characteristics among art trend cluster symbiosis.

Competing in the 1980 s, mutual criticism and negation of fashion designers and design schools began to "peaceful coexistence" between even compatible.

Integration of postmodern clothing style element through the style of the fuzzy gain more freedom, in the past on the costume, clothing with a distinctive style, you can easily see a clothing belongs to which kinds of style, but in the modern clothing, you can't also can't identify a specific category, it avoid involving style, there would be no possibility of style to disappear. It itself has no particular style, can contain a wide variety of styles, combination, it can is a combination of style, also can be together. Mutual fusion or combination to make clothing style has opened up a new heaven and earth, between the post-modern clothes in style, freedom, is a "no style", not sure. Fashion designers are often in breaking the old style theme and find a new style, free between the various design idea, conscientiously follow the no style and theme of fashion design.

Postmodern clothing of all kinds of design style, a new and unconventional adornment gimmick is undoubtedly very attractive, they can enjoy, purchase and use of post-modern style of clothing to express their feelings. Postmodern clothing brings together the regional different customs, different ideas, different aesthetic point of view, to form suitable for at least one country clothing style and culture of different people.

In terms of materials and techniques, both western and Chinese postmodern clothing in across borders, across time within the scope of the large number of cultural absorption: the ancient culture of Chinese and western clothing experience as their creation code and tools, use them in the form of eclecticism; The various classical clothing language and national dress apart after mixing, showed a stressed the postmodern characteristics of diversification. In the process, of all ethnic groups of different clothing culture becomes the postmodern designer resource and a source of inspiration, using human dress to rich and colorful history, to realize the modern functional clothing machine-made mode to resist and rebellion. In 1994, jean Paul jean Paul gaultier released a set of clothing series, multiple necklaces, yarn, large round buttons, and mix together, black printing design, and other elements create the exotic atmosphere.

In postmodern clothing design, a piece of clothing alone may be integrated in the past and now, pop elements, such as obsolete. Christine lacroix in 2001 introduced a rich diversity of exotic summer wear, clothing with asymmetric structure, highlight and even exaggerated shoulders and armhole, knot below the waist sash small waist female coat, flexible short dress with British ornamental design, embroidery, weaving, rough in the elegant, full of fold, pp sheet of tights more reveal a strong romantic style, form a close combination of 18th century and the early 1980 s.

Rococo dress light sweet, delicate and luxuriant, often using c-shaped, s-shaped curve or swirl pattern; Hippies rejected synthetic fabrics, opposed to the traditional clothing styles, and advocate individualism and Oriental religion, love, pure natural fabrics, will other ethnic patterns used in his own clothing; Pop art is using geometry and color contrast, to produce a variety of shape and movement of light; Punk clothing is "androgyny", appearance is very strange, it was often a dazzling images and text, under wearing tight pants and boots, queer hairstyle, also with different color, back with some strange graphics, etc. In the modern clothing, just a kind of hippie clothing or pop clothing is very rare, is more of a focus on certain kinds of characteristic scattered combination or part of the graft. Anna Sue in spring/summer 1993 conference in New York have a punk fashion, bright red plaid coat, black and red plaid pants, pants before ironing sewing decorative long black buttons, black belt and the bright red and yellow star shape decoration, ribbon under the black bra and very rococo.

Chinese clothing design style generalization compared with western countries, the present situation and the existing problems of Chinese costume design especially in postmodern clothing design started late, most of the domestic garment enterprises and brands, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and brands can design books, network, regularly in Hong Kong and overseas tour for clothing design work; Chinese clothing designers in the process of learning, reference, and reflection passively accepted the thought of post-modern, any style of design elements can be they applied to a variety of different class clothing, they can put in different countries, different nationalities, different styles of design elements and popular for arbitrary collocation, thus forming a generalization of Chinese clothing design style. But compared with the western style in terms of generalization is the designer's original design, the style of Chinese clothing design generalization is a kind of "doctrine", is a large number of copies and copy, not the designers design ideas and concepts of real implication among them, most of the enterprise and brand designer is completely copy western clothing popular and selling points to cater to the consumer, so in a sense, China's clothing design and no real sense of style.

Second, foreign brand clothing is very particular about the consumer psychological characteristics and physiological research, the cost spent about 30% of the total cost of the clothing. Whether in modern or postmodern clothing design process, saves the western designers design concept based on a detailed analysis of the consumer groups, and many Chinese clothing designers don't consider the specific characteristics of consumer market and consumer groups. Local Chinese garment enterprises generally attaches great importance to design and designers on the surface, but many companies are still on the market to buy samples, etc is very keen to think that he can appeal to consumers.

Moreover, generalization of popular western fashion design style has trained a large number of excellent postmodern clothing designer, such as frank cable biederman's work has always been to the style of different nationalities, different time, different space together, romantic, elegant and delicate, make people form a time goes by, the fusion of strange feeling in the world.

In his clothes, except hand-painted design, chiffon, silk cloth, the use of silk yarn, the best, and ribbon winding, and on the gauze weave velvet, such as design of each piece of works are sculpture, such as picture of high-quality goods, although its costume design theme will change, but its design can achieve consistent, attracted a large number of consumers of different countries, different color of skin. However, in the Chinese clothing has the characteristics of postmodern style generalization of clothing designer is a handful, such as more influential mark, her works on interpretations of the dreams of a self image, advocate natural, good combining traditional fabric with modern technology and the development of new fabrics, and the integration of of primitive simplicity and fashion style, using a variety of processing structure expresses the natural beauty of the Oriental and western dress attitude; And as ding of garment rock, his works mainly from the form to the integrated use of all sorts of styles, with optional, easy nature, rural material for arbitrary combination of different themes, give a person with rich imagination. But the creation of Chinese postmodern clothing is not the Chinese fashion designer, but our duty is to follow the fashion of the young in the city, the "Korean", "day" is a postmodern clothing real practitioners, they are South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong and other countries and regions the influence of popular fashion, imitating in dress, hairstyle, act, etc.

Generalization the development direction of the western post-modern Chinese clothing design style in the T stage costume designer constantly create novel, constantly shifting technique, its aim is to lead the consumption, advocating popular, in China to "pyramid" type building consumption structure is finally decided to meet the market is still the most basic needs of the masses. How to base on the market, to the greatest extent to meet the needs of the consumers, win the public's attention as the result, the realistic market returns, this is the only way for the development of Chinese clothing design style generalization and the final direction.

China's postmodern clothing designers lack not the rich imagination, but the cognition is the ability of consumers and culture and the spirit of seeking truth from facts. Although some Chinese clothing designers do have various features of style generalization, but too sensitive and blindly follow in the design process, the let their own temperament wander between the illusory raider well-dressed, more and more distant from the distance and large mass consumer groups, the lack of rational make designers can only temporarily pieces together, clothing function weakening, modelling of infinite exaggeration, transient become the pronoun of fashion design, dazzling, many clothing brands in hit a quarter even after a shorter period. In China, therefore, in the process of the development and mature of postmodern clothing style generalization, we in the use of domestic and foreign various popular styles of design to cater to the consumer at the same time, China should build more postmodern clothing style generalization related to their particular brand culture, forming a distinctive characteristic elements to attract, conquer the consumers, and through its characteristic elements to build, reshaping, reengineering the consumer. This unique element can only through the original design to reflect, rather than simply the different countries, different styles of design elements to mix and match can realize.

Chinese postmodern clothing designers, therefore, on the basis of thorough understanding of Chinese culture, should be the face of the consumer market and consumer culture in detail, the psychological, physiological and so on various aspects carries on the detailed investigation and analysis, to improve their cognitive ability on consumers and culture, to think in the diversity of world culture, the internationalization of penetration into the design of Chinese clothing, break from the culture of China and other countries borders, creating a variety of real generalization properties through time and space of Chinese clothing brand style, trends, and constantly update, advancing with The Times, has the profound cultural foundation in China, with its again at the same time Its national cultural characteristics of the brand in the world, the culture and personality elements on the basis of choosing appropriate design material, using a variety of different approaches, the advantages of integration of design style, design the different countries, different nationalities of the people can accept and like clothing brands, Chinese clothing design in the true sense of style.

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英文论文写作的组成结构

2018-11-28 17:14:23 | 日記
对于英国留学生来讲,最痛苦的事情莫过于一篇又一篇的英文论文。但不管留学生们怎么恨英文论文,还是得努力去写。而同学们想要写好英文论文,那么对英文论文的组成结构必须要非常熟悉才行,下面就给大家讲解一下。

1、标题

通过Title导师和同学以及读者就能知道论文的大致方向,有的题目就直接是文章的中心论点。

2、摘要

该部分主要是展示自己写的文章的领域、专业、研究方向等,对文章进行的一个总体的概括和介绍。

3、文献综述

Literature Review,主要是对于研究的领域进行资料查找,仔细分类整理,将前人所做的一些研究成果适当地摘录,分析所使用的论证方法,加上自己的观点看法。需要注意数据的时效性、权威性。

4、方法论

其实就是论证部分,也是正文部分,分为定性或定量的分析方法。定性的可能会使用调查问卷,可能是二手资料,可以是网上资料;定量的则需要使用一些计算和分析。

5、分析结果

在说明如何研究分析到最后,就得出了一些结果,比如实验结果,学生要对结果进行分析,和前人的成果相比对。需要有权威的根据和理论来证明。

6、得出结论

这是论证的最后一步,分析结果,得出结论。

7、标出参考文献

参考文献就是自己在写作之前所搜集的,所参考的一些资料,或者是期刊,或者是著作,在文章的最后标注出来,这样导师可以知道学生在之前做过哪些准备。

留学生在写作英文论文的时候,所花时间会比较多,但是也要分配好写每个结构的时间。一般情况下,写第一部分的时间最长,大致花50%的时间,包括摘要、文献综述(引言和背景);第二部分花35%的时间,包括研究方法和分析等;第三部分的花15%的时间,包括结论、建议和备注等。

以上就是关于英文论文写作的组成结构讲解,希望同学们对于这种基础的东西都有一个透彻的了解,这样才能更好地写作英文论文。

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Paper代写:Rest of music works

2018-11-28 17:14:05 | 日記
本篇paper代写- Rest of music works讨论了音乐作品中的休止符。休止符在乐理中休止符的定义是用以记录不同长短的音的间断的符号。在音乐作品中,休止符虽然无声,但它给人们更大的想象空间,它所表现出的艺术效果和艺术感染力,是任何有声音符无法替代的。另外休止符还在旋律的句法、结构的明确和划分方面起着重要的作用,因此许多音乐家在创作旋律时总是恰如其分地运用了休止符,以此作为为一种重要的手法来增加旋律的表现力。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理,供大家参考阅读。

Music is organized music to shape the image, reflects the real life, to express thoughts and feelings of a kind of art. By expressing the thoughts and feelings of the people and the inner world, fusion, borrow scene lyrical, focusing on express people's perceptions of the scenery, it is the basic performance means of melody and rhythm.

Audio notes is very important for a music works, but "no sound" rest in music image also plays a very important role. "No static, no move, no check, no conduct." Rest is a component part of the music in the music, music is the most can reflect the existence of the connotation of the soul.

Rest in music theory is defined as: used to record the different length of intermittent symbols. In music work, rest, although silent, but it gives people more imagination space, it is show that the effect of art and artistic appeal, is any audio notes irreplaceable -- - it is silent music. Melody, harmony, rhythm and music is the three elements, the three elements are inseparable from the rest and exist alone. Not only that, the rest are still in the melody of the syntax and structure plays an important role in the clear and division, "listen to the thunder in the silent place. So many musicians in composing melody always appropriate use of rest, as for one of the important methods to increase the expressive force of melody.

Music is in time, and the sound of the music does not have any space modelling, it is the continuation and organization in voice in space, time is the mode of existence of music.

Music in the rest can be divided into visual rests and invisible rests. Visual rest can be directly written in the book of the staff, players and the singer durations length according to rest, rest without attachment to link. Invisible rest is due to the music in the music and some requirements for less intuitive form of inactivity.

Rest of music, music obey the speed of a paragraph, rest the rest of time, do not arbitrarily change duration, long or short. Only rest on the section of a fermata, or section online fermata markings, players can according to the needs of the music works, for the rest when the length of the art processing.

Vocal music works use the rest is very broad, rich artistic effect. Rest in vocal music works is for the sake of better performance songs feelings and content, better music image, different durations of the sound performance of atmosphere and artistic conception. The singer to study rests, sing "rest". Handling of rest, can be divided into the sound to snuff out continuously, sound off constantly, sound break feeling three ways. In addition, the rest of vocal music work, help accompanist re-creation, accompanist proper rest, let the singer's emotion, voice and skills into full play, will play a sublimation of vocal music works.

Such as vocal songs, the present paper arrives at an inter pretation of each section first shot is rests, to accompany a hollow chords, 5 degrees as if hanshan temple bells, at the same time also reflected the characters inner desolation.

The rest of instrumental music work except in melody structure, syntactic function, music of expression of different aspects such as image, emotion is often used to enhance the atmosphere of the music, summarizes the rest of the instrumental music are: rest happy mood, such as Mozart's "quartet"; Rest said relaxed happy image, such as the burgmuller "knight" and Tchaikovsky's "four little swan"; Rest of warm pentium image, he luding "party" and zhu jianer "emancipated day"; Resting said the image of the humor, such as DE macau shark "humoresque" and so on. Different music works, the use of the rest model a different music image, was pregnant with sorrow, cry smile, each has its own characteristics.

An important link of rest is music in the motion state, different length of the rest in different styles of music, its image to the listener to convey different music and fun.

In general, the longer duration of pauses reading spectrum is obvious, and the rest of short duration is not easy to master, so we must seriously study the rest of shorter duration. Such as DE macau shocked's piano opusculum "humor" is the beginning of the three to twelve rests, it strengthened the melody of music performance, and the appeal of the light and humorous. Again such as Chopin etude, also known as "separation" in the middle, after a series of minus seven chords disharmonious, strenuous exercise with friends at the time of life and death to leave after the intense emotion to the vertex, music stopped, as if from a very subjective, very painful wake up in the fantasy, then music back to start that kind of helpless reality again.

From the perspective of music aesthetics to feel rest of and unique aesthetic feeling, as if standing on high have a bird's eye view of the earth, can more fully understand the rest.

In music, the length of notes is decided by the duration of ultrasonic vibration, tone length can compare some characteristics of objective things and people's feelings, make the listener produce imagination and legend, grasp the objective things or subjective emotion of music performance. Rest with other notes appear alternately, form the length of notes, in music match action characteristics of people or animals. Like jumping, this action is often used in a short time to complete, and has the explosive force, and music tend to use short, music has the power to break the sound to match the jumping action, this is the rest of the aesthetic effect. French composer SAN in orchestral suite "animal carnival", use the alternates, skipping with grace note, to match the kangaroo jumps.

Balance is the most basic human aesthetic needs, the balance of music art is one of the important forms of structure. Music climax in the use of rest, will make the listener's mental energy released in an instant, in order to achieve psychological balance. To Tchaikovsky's first piano concerto "in B major, for example, in the third movement, the composer with a large number of dissonant chords formed rapidly running music movement that at this point the listener can produce a strong feeling in my heart, in the long time the highest peak of matting, composer USES an extended rest, discord and tense tendency to make music in a moment completely resolved, it is rest to the music, the balance of the music produced infinite good pleasure.

Based on the research of the rest, can improve the level of music appreciation, a deeper understanding of the concept of rest in music, use, and the aesthetic feeling, etc.

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Essay代写:The black death in medieval England

2018-11-28 16:53:40 | 日記
下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The black death in medieval England,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了中世纪英国的黑死病。13世纪,黑死病在英国的梅尔科姆港爆发,其传播速度极为迅猛,在半年多一点的时间里就传遍了整个英格兰,黑死病对英国社会最直接的冲击和影响体现在它对欧洲人生命的严重威胁。另外也造成了劳动力的锐减,增长乏力,长期停滞不前。黑死病的蔓延不仅造成人口锐减和经济崩溃,也使社会政治秩序陷于动荡和混乱。

As human beings enter the 21st century, various infectious diseases occur frequently, which have a great impact on human health and socio-economic development. By studying the medieval Britain's response to the black death and response measures, the main purpose is to let people can truly taking history as a mirror, a lesson, and summarizes the achievements of human disaster experience, explore the effective measures to deal with sudden, catastrophic diseases, reduce the influence of the disaster to human beings, and promote the development of human health and the social economy.

The term "black death" is familiar to people today; But it is actually a modern term that was not used until 1832 AD. People in the middle ages called the havoc they had named "the great plague," "the great death," or "the great catastrophe." In the past, people believed that the reason why the black death was so called was that the patient showed black spots and turned black all over the body. In fact, this was a misunderstanding. "black" here does not mainly mean color, but refers to the "terror" and "horror" of the plague, which is the universal meaning given by human beings to black. Foreign academic circles think that this word appears to be the Latin name of plague in Scandinavian or English, which isa misunderstanding of "pestisatra" or "atra mors". Because in the 14th century, "atra mors" had a frightening and black connotation, and had nothing to do with any clinical symptoms. Terrible... terrible... terrible... terrible... terrible... terrible... terrible... terrible... terrible... terrible... terrible... terrible... terrible...

In June 1348, the black death landed in the English port of melcombe. The plague, which arose in the deserts and gobi of central Asia, spread westward through central Asia to the Mediterranean, and by merchant ships to Italy, and then to the Atlantic coast and throughout Europe. In October 1348, all the counties in the west of England were under the shadow of the black death. By the spring of 1349, when the weather turned warm, the black death had spread all over Britain along the rivers and coastlines.

The spread of the black death in Britain was extremely rapid, and spread throughout England within a little more than half a year. The most direct impact and impact of the black death on British society was reflected in its serious threat to European lives. The black death was spread in Europe in the form of a mixture of bubonic plague, pneumonic plague and septicaemic plague. It was characterized by high mortality, strong repeatability and infectivity, as well as the backward medical level in the middle ages. This disease was basically incurable. Patients in the onset of disease, more than four or five days, less than a few hours, they died. On the eve of the black death, the total population of Britain was between 4 million and 5 million, which dropped to 2.5 million in 1377. Among them, London lost 100,000 lives in this disaster. Overall, the death rate of the black death in Britain was more than 45%, far higher than the total loss in the hundred years' war between Britain and France. Stability in the UK the diocese of Fan Haim leicester, the composed of ten independent village in central England the richest region has the largest population, there are 3500 people in 1348, in the summer of 1349, 740 families have destroyed 185 homes, the rest of the year in 1349 and 1349 people were killed and mortality rate in more than 40% of the whole area; In three villages in cambridgeshire, the death rate was 53 per cent, 57 per cent and 70 per cent, respectively. The black death visited England five times between 1361 and 1391. In 1382 a fifth of the population was destroyed and 11,000 people died in Yorkshire.

In addition, during the black death, public health in many large cities was very poor. The city's air was already polluted by "rancid filth that ran down the streets and into the heart of the Thames. It was common for animals and people to share the same room. It was common for five or six people to be crammed into one bed. Feces and mud are everywhere in the city and in the rooms. In this context, cities are breeding grounds for germs, personal hygiene is poor, and high mortality rates are not surprising.

Europe was devastated by the black death. Zhu xiaoyuan believes that three conditions are necessary to resist natural disasters like the black death: a sound administrative system, sufficient economic capacity and good cultural and spiritual support. These three conditions were not available in Europe before and after the black death, so in the face of nature, human beings seemed to shrink and shrink, and the two secular circles resigned themselves to the continuous death of people. Soon, the situation of economic depression appeared in Europe. Wherever the black death went, homes were abandoned, cities were deserted, factories and mines were abandoned, ongoing construction projects were forced to stop, normal economic life was halted, and the production of materials needed for human clothing, food, housing and transportation was destroyed, thus making the feudal society and economy in Europe fall into an unprecedented state of disorder. This period has been called by western historians "the darkest period of the middle ages".

The most direct impact of the black death on the European economy is the sharp decline in labor force, sluggish growth and long-term stagnation. The specific death toll has been described above. Sheet in terms of the UK population changes, "ahead of the black death in 1348, in England, wales population between 4, five million, 1377 to 2.5 million, England's population is still less than 2.26 million in 1525, during the reign of Henry viii, a significant feature in the history of the British population is stagnant population growth, this phenomenon continued until the 1520 s." Human is the main factor of productive forces, and the increase or decrease of human quantity and quality will cause the fluctuation of the whole society. The shortage of labor force caused the urban decay, large areas of farmland barren, the entire social and economic wither. In cities, the late 14th century England has a population of more than 4000 people in 12 major cities and towns, only after the black death in London, the stern test, Sally and Newcastle Canterbury successfully stopped the massive recession, to keep the original size, all other towns is decline, the vast region and wales in the southwest of Britain into a wasteland. The shortage of labor force is very serious due to the decrease of population. In Britain, after the black death, women and children were forced to take part in farming. The chronicle of England says: "the workers were so proud and obstinate that they did not heed the king's decree. If anyone wanted to hire them, they had to meet their demands, or lose their fruits and crops, or satisfy their most arrogant and greedy desires... ".

The spread of the black death not only caused a sharp decline in population and economic collapse, but also brought social and political order into turmoil and chaos. In 1349, the British government promulgated the "labor law", which stipulates that people who have the ability to work must work at the wages before the black death, or go to prison. If a worker leaves before the expiration of his contract, he shall be imprisoned. And to cope with the financial difficulties of the hundred years' war, the poll tax tripled between 1377 and 1381. This kind of backwardness aroused the anger of the working people, and the peasants and citizens began to realize the unfair treatment they had received, and started to resist. Finally, in 1381, the peasant uprising led by watt Taylor broke out. Although these uprisings of the lower classes failed in the end, they shocked the whole European society and gradually changed the political and class structure. The out-of-control of rural and urban order reflects the sharp class conflict after the black death and the rise of general social discontent, which played a certain role in destroying the feudal system in the middle ages. The black death in the middle of the 14th century was the prelude to the great changes from medieval Europe to modern society. The black death was a tragic, economically impoverished, food-starved, food-price inflation, morally bankrupt, broken homes, collapsed churches, paralyzed governments, and a picture of the end of the world. Like dominoes, the devastating destruction caused by the black death had a chain reaction and had a huge impact and shock on European society in the middle ages.

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